TOPIC

THE TRAINING OF

ASTRONAUT

Group members

Rubab Shafique Bareera Nashal Rimsha Arshad Warda Shadaab Hoor ul ain

INTRODUCTION

We will discuss; Who the astronauts are Risk to human life in space Purpose of training of

astronaut Types of events in space Phases of training of

astronaut

Who the astronauts are?

The term "astronaut” is derived from the Greek words astron, meaning "star", and nautes, meaning "sailor".

An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a spaceflight program to lead, pilot or be a crew member of an expedition to space on a spacecraft.

As well as being used to describe a professional space traveler, the term astronaut or cosmonaut is now often used for anyone who travels into space, such as scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists.

Risk to human life in space

Psychological effects Humans are psychologically well-adapted to

life on earth. Consequently, spaceflight has many negative effects on the psychology.

Physiological effects Increased radiation levels Motion sickness Loss of bone Muscle mass Effect of weightlessness Disruption of vision , taste . Fatigue and sleep loss

Purpose of Astronaut training

It describes the complex process of preparing astronauts for their space missions before, during and after flight, which includes

medical tests, physical training, extra-vehicular activity (EVA) training, procedure training, rehabilitation process, as well as training on

experiments they will accomplish during their stay in space.

For these types of missions the training to prepare astronauts will likely include training as doctors, scientists, engineers, technicians, pilots, and geologists.

Types of events in space

The astronauts are prepared for two types of events ;

Internal EventsDuring training, astronauts are familiarized with the engineering systems of the spacecraft. In addition to this, astronauts receive training in orbital mechanics, scientific experimentation, earth observation, and astronomy. Training is performed in order to prepare astronauts for events that may pose a hazard to their health, the health of the crew, or the successful completion of the mission.

Types of events in space

External Events External events refers more broadly to the ability to

live and work in the extreme environment of space. This includes adaptation to microgravity (or weightlessness)

The difficulty associated with living and working in microgravity include spatial disorientation, motion sickness, and vertigo.

During long-duration missions, astronauts will often experience isolation and confinement. This has been known to limit performance of astronaut crews and hence training aims to prepare astronauts for such challenges.

PHASES OF TRAINING

After completion of Basic Training candidates proceed to NASA's Advanced Training.

These candidates are called AsCans (astronaut candidate)

Phase 1 : personal training

Phase 2: group training

Phase 3: technical training

Phase 1: The first phase starts with two years of basic

training. Much of this training takes place in the classroom, where astronaut candidates learn about vehicle and space station systems. They also study key disciplines -- including earth sciences, meteorology, space science and engineering.

Outside the classroom, astronaut candidates must complete military water- and land-survival training to prepare for an unplanned landing back on Earth.

 They must swim three lengths of a 25-meter (82-foot) pool without stopping.

PHASE 2• It's really just the beginning of the second

phase. In this phase, astronaut trainees are grouped with experienced astronauts, who serve as mentors to share knowledge and

experience.• The ultimate goal of this mentoring

relationship is to make sure each trainee is proficient in all activities related to pre-launch,

launch, orbit, entry and landing.

Phase 3:

Finally, in the 3rd phase, astronauts receive their mission and crew assignments, entering what is known as the advanced mission training phase.

 In this final 10-month training period, astronauts focus on activities, exercises and experiments specific to their mission. 

. For example, astronauts assigned to the STS-61 mission were tasked with fixing the optics of the Hubble Space Telescope. 

Steps to train astronauts

Weightlessness Training

Extra Vehicular

Activity (EVA)Space Motion

Virtual RealityPreparation of

Emergency Scenarios

Types of training

Weightlessness training It is conducted in KC-135 four engine jet It is able to provide 30 second of weightlessness

Extra vehicular activity To perform the mission in the space , astronaut has to go outside the space shuttle. To do this astronaut pass many hours to practice the space walks

Space motion It is just like to float in water without water. To practice the space motion large pools are used. The world’s biggest indoor pool is also used for this purpose.

Virtual reality This is made to visualize environment of space on the earth to the AsCan

Preparation for emergency senerios

It is conducted to prepare an AsCan for emergencies e.g technical problem in Space shuttle , lack of communication , aliens etc

Facts Long duration missions aboard ISS last

from 3 to 6 months and take about 2 to 3 years of increment specific training.

For missions to the ISS, each astronaut is required to become proficient at one hundred or more experiments.

Astronaut suit is of 28 pounds on earth and almost weightless in space.

video

Amrican Astronauts Spacewalk training - Video Dailymotion - Copy.FLV