training and development
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TRANSCRIPT
Training and Development
Definition
Training is the formal and systematic modification of behavior through learning which occurs as a result of education instruction development and planned experience
Development is any learning activity which is directed towards future needs rather than present needs and which is concerned more with career growth than immediate performance
Training Development and Education
HRD programs are divided into three main categories Training Development and Education
Training is the acquisition of technology which permits employees to perform their present job to standards It improves human performance on the job the employee is presently doing or is being hired to do Also it is given when new technology in introduced into the workplace
Development is training people to acquire new horizons technologies or viewpoints It enables leaders to guide their organizations onto new expectations by being proactive rather than reactive It enables workers to create better products faster services and more competitive organizations It is learning for growth of the individual but not related to a specific present or future job
Training Development and Education
Education is training people to do a different job It is often given to people who have been identified as being promotable being considered for a new job either lateral or upward or to increase their potential Unlike training which can be fully evaluated immediately upon the learners returning to work education can only be completely evaluated when the learners move on to their future jobs or tasks
Distinction between Training and Education
The following table draws a distinction between
training and education more clearly
Training Education Application Theoretical orientation Job Experience Classroom learning Specific Tasks General concepts
Narrow perspective Broad perspective
Distinction between Training and Development
Learning Training Development Who Non-managers Managers
What Technical Theoretical
Why Specific job General
When Short term Long term
Purpose of Training
1048713 To increase productivity and quality
1048713 To promote versatility and adaptability to new methods
1048713 To reduce the number of accidents
1048713 To reduce labour turnover
1048713 To increase job satisfaction displaying itself in lower labour turn- over and less absenteeism
1048713 To increase efficiency
When does the need for training arise
1048713 The installation of new equipment or techniques
1048713 A change in working methods or products produced
1048713 A realization that performance is inadequate
1048713 Labour shortage necessitating the upgrading of some employees
1048713 A desire to reduce the amount of scrap and to improve quality
1048713 An increase in the number of accidents
1048713 Promotion or transfer of individual employees
1048713 Ensures availability of necessary skills and there could be a pool of talent from which to promote from
Advantages of Training
1 Leads to improved profitability andor more positive attitudes toward profits orientation
2 Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization
3 Improves the morale of the workforce
4 Helps people identify with organizational goals
5 Helps create a better corporate image
6 Fasters authentically openness and trust
7 Improves the relationship between boss and subordinate
8 Aids in organizational development
9 Learns from the trainee
10 Helps prepare guidelines for work
Disadvantages of training
1 Can be a financial drain on resources expensive development and testing expensive to operate
2 Often takes people away from their job for varying periods of time
3 Equips staff to leave for a better job
4 Bad habits passed on
5 Narrow experience
Areas of Training
The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories
Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and
regulations about the job the staff and the products or services offered by the company The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company
Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (eg operating
a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Definition
Training is the formal and systematic modification of behavior through learning which occurs as a result of education instruction development and planned experience
Development is any learning activity which is directed towards future needs rather than present needs and which is concerned more with career growth than immediate performance
Training Development and Education
HRD programs are divided into three main categories Training Development and Education
Training is the acquisition of technology which permits employees to perform their present job to standards It improves human performance on the job the employee is presently doing or is being hired to do Also it is given when new technology in introduced into the workplace
Development is training people to acquire new horizons technologies or viewpoints It enables leaders to guide their organizations onto new expectations by being proactive rather than reactive It enables workers to create better products faster services and more competitive organizations It is learning for growth of the individual but not related to a specific present or future job
Training Development and Education
Education is training people to do a different job It is often given to people who have been identified as being promotable being considered for a new job either lateral or upward or to increase their potential Unlike training which can be fully evaluated immediately upon the learners returning to work education can only be completely evaluated when the learners move on to their future jobs or tasks
Distinction between Training and Education
The following table draws a distinction between
training and education more clearly
Training Education Application Theoretical orientation Job Experience Classroom learning Specific Tasks General concepts
Narrow perspective Broad perspective
Distinction between Training and Development
Learning Training Development Who Non-managers Managers
What Technical Theoretical
Why Specific job General
When Short term Long term
Purpose of Training
1048713 To increase productivity and quality
1048713 To promote versatility and adaptability to new methods
1048713 To reduce the number of accidents
1048713 To reduce labour turnover
1048713 To increase job satisfaction displaying itself in lower labour turn- over and less absenteeism
1048713 To increase efficiency
When does the need for training arise
1048713 The installation of new equipment or techniques
1048713 A change in working methods or products produced
1048713 A realization that performance is inadequate
1048713 Labour shortage necessitating the upgrading of some employees
1048713 A desire to reduce the amount of scrap and to improve quality
1048713 An increase in the number of accidents
1048713 Promotion or transfer of individual employees
1048713 Ensures availability of necessary skills and there could be a pool of talent from which to promote from
Advantages of Training
1 Leads to improved profitability andor more positive attitudes toward profits orientation
2 Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization
3 Improves the morale of the workforce
4 Helps people identify with organizational goals
5 Helps create a better corporate image
6 Fasters authentically openness and trust
7 Improves the relationship between boss and subordinate
8 Aids in organizational development
9 Learns from the trainee
10 Helps prepare guidelines for work
Disadvantages of training
1 Can be a financial drain on resources expensive development and testing expensive to operate
2 Often takes people away from their job for varying periods of time
3 Equips staff to leave for a better job
4 Bad habits passed on
5 Narrow experience
Areas of Training
The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories
Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and
regulations about the job the staff and the products or services offered by the company The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company
Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (eg operating
a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Training Development and Education
HRD programs are divided into three main categories Training Development and Education
Training is the acquisition of technology which permits employees to perform their present job to standards It improves human performance on the job the employee is presently doing or is being hired to do Also it is given when new technology in introduced into the workplace
Development is training people to acquire new horizons technologies or viewpoints It enables leaders to guide their organizations onto new expectations by being proactive rather than reactive It enables workers to create better products faster services and more competitive organizations It is learning for growth of the individual but not related to a specific present or future job
Training Development and Education
Education is training people to do a different job It is often given to people who have been identified as being promotable being considered for a new job either lateral or upward or to increase their potential Unlike training which can be fully evaluated immediately upon the learners returning to work education can only be completely evaluated when the learners move on to their future jobs or tasks
Distinction between Training and Education
The following table draws a distinction between
training and education more clearly
Training Education Application Theoretical orientation Job Experience Classroom learning Specific Tasks General concepts
Narrow perspective Broad perspective
Distinction between Training and Development
Learning Training Development Who Non-managers Managers
What Technical Theoretical
Why Specific job General
When Short term Long term
Purpose of Training
1048713 To increase productivity and quality
1048713 To promote versatility and adaptability to new methods
1048713 To reduce the number of accidents
1048713 To reduce labour turnover
1048713 To increase job satisfaction displaying itself in lower labour turn- over and less absenteeism
1048713 To increase efficiency
When does the need for training arise
1048713 The installation of new equipment or techniques
1048713 A change in working methods or products produced
1048713 A realization that performance is inadequate
1048713 Labour shortage necessitating the upgrading of some employees
1048713 A desire to reduce the amount of scrap and to improve quality
1048713 An increase in the number of accidents
1048713 Promotion or transfer of individual employees
1048713 Ensures availability of necessary skills and there could be a pool of talent from which to promote from
Advantages of Training
1 Leads to improved profitability andor more positive attitudes toward profits orientation
2 Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization
3 Improves the morale of the workforce
4 Helps people identify with organizational goals
5 Helps create a better corporate image
6 Fasters authentically openness and trust
7 Improves the relationship between boss and subordinate
8 Aids in organizational development
9 Learns from the trainee
10 Helps prepare guidelines for work
Disadvantages of training
1 Can be a financial drain on resources expensive development and testing expensive to operate
2 Often takes people away from their job for varying periods of time
3 Equips staff to leave for a better job
4 Bad habits passed on
5 Narrow experience
Areas of Training
The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories
Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and
regulations about the job the staff and the products or services offered by the company The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company
Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (eg operating
a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Training Development and Education
Education is training people to do a different job It is often given to people who have been identified as being promotable being considered for a new job either lateral or upward or to increase their potential Unlike training which can be fully evaluated immediately upon the learners returning to work education can only be completely evaluated when the learners move on to their future jobs or tasks
Distinction between Training and Education
The following table draws a distinction between
training and education more clearly
Training Education Application Theoretical orientation Job Experience Classroom learning Specific Tasks General concepts
Narrow perspective Broad perspective
Distinction between Training and Development
Learning Training Development Who Non-managers Managers
What Technical Theoretical
Why Specific job General
When Short term Long term
Purpose of Training
1048713 To increase productivity and quality
1048713 To promote versatility and adaptability to new methods
1048713 To reduce the number of accidents
1048713 To reduce labour turnover
1048713 To increase job satisfaction displaying itself in lower labour turn- over and less absenteeism
1048713 To increase efficiency
When does the need for training arise
1048713 The installation of new equipment or techniques
1048713 A change in working methods or products produced
1048713 A realization that performance is inadequate
1048713 Labour shortage necessitating the upgrading of some employees
1048713 A desire to reduce the amount of scrap and to improve quality
1048713 An increase in the number of accidents
1048713 Promotion or transfer of individual employees
1048713 Ensures availability of necessary skills and there could be a pool of talent from which to promote from
Advantages of Training
1 Leads to improved profitability andor more positive attitudes toward profits orientation
2 Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization
3 Improves the morale of the workforce
4 Helps people identify with organizational goals
5 Helps create a better corporate image
6 Fasters authentically openness and trust
7 Improves the relationship between boss and subordinate
8 Aids in organizational development
9 Learns from the trainee
10 Helps prepare guidelines for work
Disadvantages of training
1 Can be a financial drain on resources expensive development and testing expensive to operate
2 Often takes people away from their job for varying periods of time
3 Equips staff to leave for a better job
4 Bad habits passed on
5 Narrow experience
Areas of Training
The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories
Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and
regulations about the job the staff and the products or services offered by the company The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company
Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (eg operating
a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Distinction between Training and Education
The following table draws a distinction between
training and education more clearly
Training Education Application Theoretical orientation Job Experience Classroom learning Specific Tasks General concepts
Narrow perspective Broad perspective
Distinction between Training and Development
Learning Training Development Who Non-managers Managers
What Technical Theoretical
Why Specific job General
When Short term Long term
Purpose of Training
1048713 To increase productivity and quality
1048713 To promote versatility and adaptability to new methods
1048713 To reduce the number of accidents
1048713 To reduce labour turnover
1048713 To increase job satisfaction displaying itself in lower labour turn- over and less absenteeism
1048713 To increase efficiency
When does the need for training arise
1048713 The installation of new equipment or techniques
1048713 A change in working methods or products produced
1048713 A realization that performance is inadequate
1048713 Labour shortage necessitating the upgrading of some employees
1048713 A desire to reduce the amount of scrap and to improve quality
1048713 An increase in the number of accidents
1048713 Promotion or transfer of individual employees
1048713 Ensures availability of necessary skills and there could be a pool of talent from which to promote from
Advantages of Training
1 Leads to improved profitability andor more positive attitudes toward profits orientation
2 Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization
3 Improves the morale of the workforce
4 Helps people identify with organizational goals
5 Helps create a better corporate image
6 Fasters authentically openness and trust
7 Improves the relationship between boss and subordinate
8 Aids in organizational development
9 Learns from the trainee
10 Helps prepare guidelines for work
Disadvantages of training
1 Can be a financial drain on resources expensive development and testing expensive to operate
2 Often takes people away from their job for varying periods of time
3 Equips staff to leave for a better job
4 Bad habits passed on
5 Narrow experience
Areas of Training
The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories
Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and
regulations about the job the staff and the products or services offered by the company The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company
Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (eg operating
a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Distinction between Training and Development
Learning Training Development Who Non-managers Managers
What Technical Theoretical
Why Specific job General
When Short term Long term
Purpose of Training
1048713 To increase productivity and quality
1048713 To promote versatility and adaptability to new methods
1048713 To reduce the number of accidents
1048713 To reduce labour turnover
1048713 To increase job satisfaction displaying itself in lower labour turn- over and less absenteeism
1048713 To increase efficiency
When does the need for training arise
1048713 The installation of new equipment or techniques
1048713 A change in working methods or products produced
1048713 A realization that performance is inadequate
1048713 Labour shortage necessitating the upgrading of some employees
1048713 A desire to reduce the amount of scrap and to improve quality
1048713 An increase in the number of accidents
1048713 Promotion or transfer of individual employees
1048713 Ensures availability of necessary skills and there could be a pool of talent from which to promote from
Advantages of Training
1 Leads to improved profitability andor more positive attitudes toward profits orientation
2 Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization
3 Improves the morale of the workforce
4 Helps people identify with organizational goals
5 Helps create a better corporate image
6 Fasters authentically openness and trust
7 Improves the relationship between boss and subordinate
8 Aids in organizational development
9 Learns from the trainee
10 Helps prepare guidelines for work
Disadvantages of training
1 Can be a financial drain on resources expensive development and testing expensive to operate
2 Often takes people away from their job for varying periods of time
3 Equips staff to leave for a better job
4 Bad habits passed on
5 Narrow experience
Areas of Training
The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories
Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and
regulations about the job the staff and the products or services offered by the company The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company
Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (eg operating
a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Purpose of Training
1048713 To increase productivity and quality
1048713 To promote versatility and adaptability to new methods
1048713 To reduce the number of accidents
1048713 To reduce labour turnover
1048713 To increase job satisfaction displaying itself in lower labour turn- over and less absenteeism
1048713 To increase efficiency
When does the need for training arise
1048713 The installation of new equipment or techniques
1048713 A change in working methods or products produced
1048713 A realization that performance is inadequate
1048713 Labour shortage necessitating the upgrading of some employees
1048713 A desire to reduce the amount of scrap and to improve quality
1048713 An increase in the number of accidents
1048713 Promotion or transfer of individual employees
1048713 Ensures availability of necessary skills and there could be a pool of talent from which to promote from
Advantages of Training
1 Leads to improved profitability andor more positive attitudes toward profits orientation
2 Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization
3 Improves the morale of the workforce
4 Helps people identify with organizational goals
5 Helps create a better corporate image
6 Fasters authentically openness and trust
7 Improves the relationship between boss and subordinate
8 Aids in organizational development
9 Learns from the trainee
10 Helps prepare guidelines for work
Disadvantages of training
1 Can be a financial drain on resources expensive development and testing expensive to operate
2 Often takes people away from their job for varying periods of time
3 Equips staff to leave for a better job
4 Bad habits passed on
5 Narrow experience
Areas of Training
The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories
Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and
regulations about the job the staff and the products or services offered by the company The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company
Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (eg operating
a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
When does the need for training arise
1048713 The installation of new equipment or techniques
1048713 A change in working methods or products produced
1048713 A realization that performance is inadequate
1048713 Labour shortage necessitating the upgrading of some employees
1048713 A desire to reduce the amount of scrap and to improve quality
1048713 An increase in the number of accidents
1048713 Promotion or transfer of individual employees
1048713 Ensures availability of necessary skills and there could be a pool of talent from which to promote from
Advantages of Training
1 Leads to improved profitability andor more positive attitudes toward profits orientation
2 Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization
3 Improves the morale of the workforce
4 Helps people identify with organizational goals
5 Helps create a better corporate image
6 Fasters authentically openness and trust
7 Improves the relationship between boss and subordinate
8 Aids in organizational development
9 Learns from the trainee
10 Helps prepare guidelines for work
Disadvantages of training
1 Can be a financial drain on resources expensive development and testing expensive to operate
2 Often takes people away from their job for varying periods of time
3 Equips staff to leave for a better job
4 Bad habits passed on
5 Narrow experience
Areas of Training
The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories
Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and
regulations about the job the staff and the products or services offered by the company The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company
Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (eg operating
a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Advantages of Training
1 Leads to improved profitability andor more positive attitudes toward profits orientation
2 Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization
3 Improves the morale of the workforce
4 Helps people identify with organizational goals
5 Helps create a better corporate image
6 Fasters authentically openness and trust
7 Improves the relationship between boss and subordinate
8 Aids in organizational development
9 Learns from the trainee
10 Helps prepare guidelines for work
Disadvantages of training
1 Can be a financial drain on resources expensive development and testing expensive to operate
2 Often takes people away from their job for varying periods of time
3 Equips staff to leave for a better job
4 Bad habits passed on
5 Narrow experience
Areas of Training
The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories
Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and
regulations about the job the staff and the products or services offered by the company The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company
Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (eg operating
a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Disadvantages of training
1 Can be a financial drain on resources expensive development and testing expensive to operate
2 Often takes people away from their job for varying periods of time
3 Equips staff to leave for a better job
4 Bad habits passed on
5 Narrow experience
Areas of Training
The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories
Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and
regulations about the job the staff and the products or services offered by the company The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company
Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (eg operating
a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Areas of Training
The Areas of Training in which training is offered may be classified into the following categories
Knowledge Here the trainee learns about a set of rules and
regulations about the job the staff and the products or services offered by the company The aim is to make the new employee fully aware of what goes inside and outside the company
Technical Skills The employee is taught a specific skill (eg operating
a machine and handling computer) so that he can acquire that skill and contribute meaningfully
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Areas of Training Conti
Social Skills
The employee is made to learn about himself and other develop a right mental attitude towards the job colleagues and the company The principal focus is on teaching the employee how to be a team member and get ahead
Techniques
This involves the application of knowledge and skill to various on-the-job situations In addition to improving the skills and knowledge of employees training aims at clouding employee attitudes When administered properly a training programme It will go a long way in obtaining employee loyalty support and commitment to company activities
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Issues in Employee Training
1 Communications The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs
2 Computer skills Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting administrative and office tasks
3 Customer service Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers
4 Diversity Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views and includes techniques to value diversity
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Issues in Employee Training Conti
5 Ethics Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility Also todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace
6 Human relations The increased stresses of todays workplace can include misunderstandings and conflict Training can people to get along in the workplace
7 Quality initiatives Initiatives such as Total Quality Management Quality Circles benchmarking etc require basic training about quality concepts guidelines and standards for quality etc
8 Safety Safety training is critical where working with heavy equipment hazardous chemicals repetitive activities etc but can also be useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults etc
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Training Process
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Steps in the Training Process
1 Organizational objectives
2 Assessment of Training needs
3 Establishment of Training goals
4 Devising training programme
5 Implementation of training programme
6 Evaluation of results
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Organizational Objectives amp Strategies
The first step in the training process in an organization is the assessment of its objectives and strategies What business are we in At what level of quality do we wish to provide this product or service Where do we want to be in the future It is only after answering these related questions that the organization must assess the strengths and weaknesses of its human resources
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual
Needs Assessment
Needs assessment diagnosis present problems and future challenges to be met through training and development Organizations spend vast sums of money (usually as a percentage on turnover) on training and development Before committing such huge resources organizations that implement training programs without conducting needs assessment may be making errors Needs assessment occurs at two levels- group and individual