traffic volume study
TRANSCRIPT
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Department of Department of Civil EngineeringCivil Engineering
AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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CE-452 CE-452 TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING ENGINEERING SESSIONAL IISESSIONAL II
This Presentation is done as a requirement of a This Presentation is done as a requirement of a Sessional Course-Sessional Course-
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For an engineer, to study transport mode or traffic For an engineer, to study transport mode or traffic system the most important factors are-system the most important factors are-
The available traffic volume and its capacity
The necessary speed of vehicles to provide continuous traffic maneuvers
The different parameters that controls and effects roadway conditions
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So basic study area should be comprised of So basic study area should be comprised of as follows as follows ::
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In this case, our study subject is -
TrafficTraffic VolumVolumeeStudyStudy
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This will be presented by- GROUP NO.06GROUP NO.06
Name Student ID Forrokh Ahmmed 11.01.03.083 Jahidul Hasan Asif 11.01.03.085 Md. Shamrat Hossain 11.01.03.087 Sardar Md. Ahsan Ali 11.01.03.088 Al-Mutasim Billah 11.01.03.090 Md. Asif Imran Anonto 11.01.03.099 A.N.M. Mahfuzur Rahman 11.01.03.122 Tanveer Hasan Chowdhury 11.01.03.126
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Let’s have a background check on the condition of vehicles in Capital of Bangladesh Dhaka City :
General Information
Area 815.85 sq. km (approx)
Population 15 million (approx.)
Temperature Summer: max 36.7°C & min 21.1°cWinter : max 31.7°C & min 10.5°c
Rainfall 2540 mm annually.
Humidity 80 percent (approx.)
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Transport Sectors &Vehicle distribution of Dhaka City is Transport Sectors &Vehicle distribution of Dhaka City is as follows- as follows-
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Inco me -wise use o f diffe re nt Transpo rts
High Income Group (HIG)
Car, Taxi Service, Micro Bus and other private vehicles.
Medium Income Group (MIG)
Rickshaw, Auto Rickshaw, Bicycle, Motor Cycle, Carriage, Car, Bus, Minibus
Low Income Group (LIG)
Bus and Tempo
Good Delivery (GD)
Pick up, Van, Human Driven Van
HIG
LIG
MIG
GD
Relative Vehicular Distribution in Dhaka City
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Conclusion10
CONTENTCONTENT
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
A traffic volume study consists of a comprehensive investigation of existing physical and operating conditions. Traffic volume studies are conducted to determine the number, movements and classifications of roadway vehicles at a given location.
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WHAT IS TRAFFIC VOLUME WHAT IS TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDYSTUDY
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The main purposes of traffic survey are:The main purposes of traffic survey are:
traffic monitoring, traffic control and management, traffic enforcement, traffic forecasting, model calibration and validating etc.
Objectives of the studyObjectives of the study
The purposes of carrying out traffic volume
count are designing, improving trafficSystem, planning, management etc.
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Scope Of Traffic Volume Studies:Scope Of Traffic Volume Studies:
The traffic volume count study is carried out to get The traffic volume count study is carried out to get following useful information:following useful information:
Magnitudes, classifications and the time and directional split of vehicular flows.. Proportions of vehicles in traffic stream. Proportion of vehicles indicates whether public or private transport dominates the traffic system. Hourly, daily, yearly and seasonal variation of vehicular flows. Flow fluctuation on different approaches at a junction or different parts of a road network system.
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To define Traffic Volume Study various parameters need To define Traffic Volume Study various parameters need totobe introduced :be introduced :
Volume/flowVolume/flow
Rate of flowRate of flow
Average Daily Traffic (ADT)Average Daily Traffic (ADT)
Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)
Design Hourly VolumeDesign Hourly Volume
Expansion FactorExpansion Factor
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
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Traffic volume study
Automatic Counting Method
Manual Counting Method
Contact system based
Contact system based
Contact less system based
Direct method
Indirect method
Automatic counting methodAutomatic counting method
In this method, vehicles are counted automatically without any human involvement.
There are two techniques of automatic counting :
Contact system based:-Contact system based:-
It is based on pneumatic, mechanical, magnetic or piezo-electric method.
Contactless system based:-Contactless system based:-
It is based on electrical/optical, ultrasound/infrared radar, micro wave, CCTV/video image processing method.
Equipments used for automatic counting methods Equipments used for automatic counting methods
Pneumatic road tube
Pneumatic road tubeBending
plateBending
plate
Equipments used for automatic counting Equipments used for automatic counting methods (contd.)methods (contd.)
Vehicles numbers are recorder using ultrasound, light beam or other infrared technology.
Piezo-
electric
sensorPiezo-
electric
sensor
Electronic Counting Boards Electronic Counting Boards : Electronic counting board are
battery- operated , lighter, more compact, and easier to handle. They have an internal clock that automatically separates the data by time interval.
Mechanical counting board Mechanical counting board Mechanical counts board consist of
counter mounted on a board that record each direction of travel. Common counts includes pedestrian, bicycle, vehicle classification and traffic volume count.
Manual counting methodManual counting method
There are two types of manual counting
Direct method
Indirect method
Direct method :
Data is counted by using hand tally manual counter.
Indirect method :
In this method, data is collected using video camera. Video is captured for long time and data is collected later by rewinding.
Instruments used in direct method :Instruments used in direct method :
Hand counter Instrument to measure distance
Instrument used in indirect method V
ideo cameras are mounted to record the traffic condition on road.
DATA DATA COLLECTIONCOLLECTION
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Total survey area
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Reconnaissance Survey :Reconnaissance Survey :A walkover reconnaissance and route alignment survey first carried out. This is essentially carried out to identify the physical features on the ground which may not be clearly visible in the map due to developments that might have taken place subsequent to the preparation of the map. On the basis of reconnaissance survey, some Traffic Analysis Zone for taking survey data has been identified. Again, observing the pattern of vehicle along the road, the enumerators are assigned to count the specific vehicle for traffic volume study. Some bottleneck points and their causes were identified in the reconnaissance survey. Pedestrian facility along the road was also observed in this survey. On the basis of all information a model classified traffic volume survey data sheet was developed for pilot survey.
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Location: Russel square to panthapath
Conditions & SpecificationsConditions & Specifications
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Station: Panthapath Signal
Date : 27th November 2014(Thursday)
Time : Time of data collection 11:00 am
to 11:30 am
Weather Condition : Sunny
Observation : Classified Vehicle
Counts
Method : Direct Manual Method
Duration : 30 minutes(Short Count)
Equipment : Stop watch, Pencils, Eraser,
Tally sheet(Field Data Sheet), Clip board
Number of Enumerators : Eight
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Procedure of WorkProcedure of Work
• Before the day of counting we had gone to our location for a reconnaissance survey.
• On the promised day, we reached our station and observed the various vehicles that went by and distributed specified vehicles among our 8 Enumerators to count them for 30 minutes
• We use tally to lessens our clumsiness and error of counting.
• After 30 minutes we counted the total vehicles of each types.
• Finally we prepared a field observation data sheet and filled the necessary data.
Vehicle Type TallyCar
CNGBus
MotorcyclesNMT
Problems in counting
X
X
Y
Y
Russel Square to Panthapath
Position of Enumerators
DATA DATA ANALYSISANALYSIS
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Collected DataCollected Data
Vehicle Classification Observation in 30 min
Bus 10
CNG 120
Car 314
Jeep, Microbus, Ambulance 155
Motorcycle ( MC) 55
NMV 288
Utility 25
Truck 3
Total 970
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Charts For Collected DataCharts For Collected Data
Bar chart Pie chart
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Vehicle Classification
PCE Flow
(Total Vehicle in 30 mins)
Flow
(PCU in 30 mins)
Service Flow Rate
(PCU/hr)
Bus 3 10 30 60
CNG 0.5 120 60 120
Car 1 314 314 628
Jeep, Microbus, Ambulance
1.5 155 232.5 465
Motorcycle 0.25 55 13.75 27.5
NMV 0.5 288 144 288
Utility 1.5 25 37.5 75
Truck 3 3 9 18
TOTAL 1682
Service flow rate(11.00 AM-11.30 AM)= 1682 PCU/hr
Service Flow RateService Flow Rate
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Direction Group No. Time PCU/hr
Panthapath ToRussell Square
1 9:00 - 9:30 am 13462 10:30 – 11:00 am 1405
3 11:00-11:30 am 1546Russell Square ToPanthapath
4 9:00 - 9:30 am 1822
5 10:30 – 11:00 am 16726 11.00 – 11.30 am 1682
Direction ADT(PCU/day) AADT(PCU/day)
Panthapath
To
Russell Square
26037 45721
Russell Square
To
Panthapath
31392 55124
ADT & AADTADT & AADT
Service flow rate for different groupsService flow rate for different groups
Calculated ADT & AADTCalculated ADT & AADT
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Since the roadway was divided in two directions, Directional Distribution along the segment of the road is (Panthapath To Russell Square : Russell Square To Panthapath ) = 45 : 55
Direction
Time PCU/hr Average PCU/hr Directional Distribution
Panthapath
To
Russell Square
9:00 - 9:30 am 1346 1433 45%
10:30 – 11:00 am 1405
11:00-11:30 am 1546
Russell Square
To
Panthapath
9:00 - 9:30 am 1822 1725 55%
10:30 – 11:00 am 1672
11.00 – 11.30 am 1682
Directional DistributionDirectional Distribution
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Time Panthapath
To
Russell Square flow rate (PCU/hr)
Russell Square
To
Panthapath (PCU/hr)
Panthapath
To
Russell Square ADT (PCU/day)
Russell Square
To
Panthapath ADT (PCU/day)
Panthapath
To
Russell Square % ADT
Russell Square
To
Panthapath % ADT
9:00 - 9:30 am
1346 1822
26037
31392
5.17 5.81
10:30 – 11:00 am
1405 1672 5.4 5.32
11:00-11:30 am
1546 1682 5.93 5.36
Estimation of ADT in each direction Estimation of ADT in each direction
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Flow Fluctuation CurveFlow Fluctuation Curve ( % of ADT vs TIME ) ( % of ADT vs TIME )
TIME 9:00 - 9:30 am 10.30 – 11.00 am 11:00 - 11:30 am
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TIME 9:00 - 9:30 am 10.30 – 11.00 am 11:00 - 11:30 am
Flow Fluctuation CurveFlow Fluctuation Curve ( Flow rate vs Time ) ( Flow rate vs Time )
DISCUSSIONS DISCUSSIONS &&RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
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Vehicle Composition:
66 percent of total traffic was light vehicles.
Only 18 percent was three wheeler.
The proximity of the location dictates it’s a residential area of high income people, resulting high percentage of light vehicles.
Light vehicles in most cases were not fully occupied.
But the public transport, i.e. Buses were almost fully occupied which indicates people were travelling by Bus from distance places.
DiscussionsDiscussions
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Directional Distribution:
According to Directional Distribution, 55 percent of the vehicles were travelling towards Panthapath from Russell Square, as this road leads to the city center and survey was made at a working day. An opposite value is expected at evening time.
Annual Average Daily Traffic: The AADT was calculated using Expansion factors. But these factors are based
on data collected in United States. So calculated AADT will not give the actual value. Weekdays and weekends are different in our country. So Actual Daily Expansion Factors will be much different. Similarly monthly AADT will be different due to variation of seasons. Besides, water logging is a very common phenomenon in rainy Season. So, as a tropical monsoon region, weather factor must be introduced in the calculation of AADT.
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Flow Fluctuations: Flow Fluctuations: Flow fluctuation curve requires 24 hours data which was not possible for
us to collect for some unintended reasons. Our curve was drawn with data obtained by counting 30 minutes, that’s why it’s a partial Flow fluctuation curve. A notable change of peak of curve was observed during 11.00-11.10 am
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RecommendationsRecommendations Some recommendations based on study are as follows: Manual Count Method requires trained enumerators, which was unavailable in this particular case. Automatic Count Method could take more accurate data with a short number of operatives. Data was collected for 30 minutes, which definitely does not describe hourly fluctuations of traffic. So for more Accuracy, one hour data should be taken. To increase the LOS, Non-Motorized Vehicles should be narrowed in a specified lane at left so that they do not interfere to main traffic flow. This location served the purpose of collector road. So it should be designed with a Level of Service C or better. But from the study, Level of service D was found even at off pick hour. That definitely handicaps serviceability of the road. Large No of light vehicles create traffic hazards. So public transports services and facilities should be updated and modernized and People should be encouraged to use public transports.
Thank you all Thank you all
N.B : Always follow the traffic rules & remember that“LIFE IS MORE PRECIOUS THAN TIME .“