traders, raiders and map reading uks2 knowledge...

Traders, Raiders and Map Reading UKS2 Knowledge MatSubject Specific Vocabulary Old Maps

OrdnanceSurvey

This is a detailed map produced bymapping agency of the United Kingdom(UK).

Greenwichmeridian

Imaginary line running through Greenwichand divides Earth into the EasternHemisphere and the Western Hemisphere.

hemisphere The earth is divided into the Northern andSouthern Hemispheres at the equator.

Sticky Knowledge aboutTraders, Raiders and Maps

latitude The lines extending around the Earthhorizontally are called lines of latitude.

longitude The lines extending around the Earthvertically are called lines of longitude.

Cartography is the study of maps and mapmaking. Someone who makes maps is called acartographer.

time zones Time zones give specific areas on the Eartha time of day that is earlier or later thanthe neighbouring time zones.

There are two norths: true north and magneticnorth. True north is the direction of thegeographic North Pole. Magnetic north is thedirection the north end of a needle in acompass points.

physicalgeography

The scientific study of the natural featuresof the Earth's surface, including landformation, climate, currents, anddistribution of plants and animals. Throughout Medieval times in Europe most

maps of the world, known as Mappae Mundi,were expensive to create by hand, so wereused by royals and nobles as displays of wealthrather than for practical purposes.

Weather &climate

Weather is the condition of theatmosphere over a short period oftime; climate is the average course ofweather conditions for a particularlocation over many years.

Place Names

North may be at the top of maps today, butthat wasn’t always the case. During the middleages, most Western maps put east at the topinstead.

settlement A place where people establish acommunity.

Vikinglongships

These were used in battle, and were long,light, and slender so they could movearound quickly. They had a square sail anda mast, but could also be rowed.

The world map that is familiar to most of us isthe Mercator projection, but it is full ofdistortions so some countries appear larger orsmaller than they actually are.

Jorvik The Viking name for what is now York, afterit was captured by Danish raiders in 866.

Danelaw is a historical name given to the partof England in which the laws of the Danes heldsway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons.St Giles’ CE Primary School

Where did our invaders come from? Europe today.OS Symbols

Brazil, South America UKS2 Knowledge MatSubject Specific Vocabulary Exciting Books

street children Street children are groups of children with nohomes or parents who are forced to beg for aliving.

pampas The pampas are fertile South American lowlandsthat cover more than 750,000 km2.

anacondasnake

Anacondas are semiaquatic snakes found intropical South America. They are some of thelargest snakes in the world.

I amsomebody

A poem which was used in a campaign to bringattention to the street children of Brazil. South American

countriesSticky Knowledge aboutSouth AmericaAndes The Andes are the world's longest continental

mountain range. They lie as a continuous chainof highland along the western coast of SouthAmerica.

There are 12 sovereignstates:• Brazil• Argentina• Chile• Venezuela• Colombia• Peru• Suriname• Bolivia• Uruguay• Paraguay• Guyana• Ecuador

Biomes of the world(clickable link)

There are 12 countries in the continent of SouthAmerica; almost 400 million people live there.

inhabitant An inhabitant is a person or animal that is apermanent resident of a particular place orregion.

Brazil is the largest country and covers almosthalf the continent. It is only slightly smaller thanthe USA. It is much bigger than the UK.

sparselypopulated

Sparsely populated means that there are fewpeople scattered around the area.

South America’s largest river is the Amazon,which is the second longest river in the world. Itcarries more water than any other river in theworld.biome Biomes are areas of our planet with

similar climates, landscapes, animals and plants.What lives in each biome depends ontemperature, rainfall and fertility of soil.Plants and animals in the biome rely on eachother to stay alive.

The capital city of Brazil is Brasilia. Sao Paulo isthe largest city in Brazil with more than 20 millionpeople living there. Rio de Janeiro is also large.

Lake Titicaca Lake Titicaca straddles the border between Peruand Bolivia in the Andes Mountains and is one ofSouth America's largest lakes.

Spanish is the most popular language in SouthAmerica even though Brazilians speakPortuguese.

Incas The Incas, an American indigenous people, wereoriginally a small tribe in the southern highlandsof Peru.

The Incas were the largest group of indigenouspeople in South America when the Europeansarrived.

AtacamaDesert

The Atacama Desert is one of the driest places inthe world. It has a stony terrain.

Brazil is nearer to the equator than the UK and sohas a warmer climate. There are no clearseasons in Brazil.

St Giles’ CE Primary School

Plus, a partof France(FrenchGuiana)and a non-sovereignarea (theFalklandIslands, aBritishOverseasTerritorythough thisis disputedbyArgentina).

Map of South AmericaBiomes of South America

Rainforests UKS2 Knowledge MatSubject Specific Vocabulary Interesting Clip Exciting Books

rainforest A dense forest with high rainfall. Theygenerate much of the world’s oxygen.

canopy The canopy, which may be over 30 mabove the ground, is made up of theoverlapping branches and leaves ofrainforest trees.

emergentlayer

The emergent layer is the name given tothe tops of trees that poke up above therainforest canopy.

understory The understory layer is a tangle of shrubs,young trees, saplings, palms and vines. It ishot and damp here and the air is very still.

deforestation When forests are cut down and the area ispermanently cleared for another use. Sticky Knowledge

endangered An endangered species is a species whichhas been categorized as very likely tobecome extinct.

There are two types of rainforest: temperate andtropical. Tropical rainforests are generallywarmer than temperate ones.

indigenous Indigenous people or things belong to thecountry in which they are found

Only around 6% of the Earth’s land surface israinforest – but about half of all animal and plantspecies live there.

biomes Biomes are distinct biological communitiesthat have formed in response to a sharedphysical climate.

Where are thefamous rainforests?

It can take ten minutes for a falling raindrop totravel from a rainforest’s thick canopy to thefloor.

temperate Relating to or denoting a region or climatecharacterized by mild temperatures. Amazon, Brazil

Australia, West AfricaThe Amazon rainforest in South America is so bigthat if it were a country, it would be the ninthbiggest in the world.extinction The extinction of a species of animal or

plant is the death of all its remaining livingmembers. Because rainforests are warm, wet and dense,

they are full of life – millions of different kinds ofplants and animals live there.destruction The act of destroying something.

biodiversity Variety of plant and animal life in aparticular habitat, a high level of which isusually considered to be important anddesirable.

It’s important to protect rainforest habitats for allthe creatures who live there, and for humans too;rainforests produce 20% of the oxygen that all ofus in the world need to breathe.


Biomes of the world including temperate and tropical rainforest zones

Rivers and Egypt UKS2 Knowledge MatSubject Specific Vocabulary The Water Cycle Exciting Books

estuary An estuary is an area where afreshwater river or stream meets theocean.

mouth A river mouth is the part of a riverwhere the river flows into anotherriver, a lake, a reservoir, a sea, or anocean.

source The source of a river is where itbegins, usually on high ground.

meander A meander is a winding curve orbend in a river.

waterfall Waterfalls form where water rushesdown steep hillsides in upland areasand erodes the rocks.

Sticky Knowledgeerosion Erosion occurs when the fastest

currents in the river carve into thebanks. The longest river in the world is the River Nile

(Africa) at 4160 miles long.deposition Rocks and sediments eroded from

one part of the river are deposited inanother part.

The River Nile travels through four countries; itstarts in Burundi, then travels through Sudan,Ethiopia and Egypt before emptying into theMediterranean Sea.

River System

tributary When one stream or river meetsanother and merge together, thesmaller stream or river is known as atributary.

Most inland human settlements in history wereformed around rivers because the river provideddrinking water, a place to bath, and food as wellas a means of transport and trade.

ox bow lake Ox bow lakes are created when themeander is so deep that it cuts off apiece of the river and leaves a lake.

delta Deltas are wide areas of water oftenfound at the mouth of large rivers.

The River Nile was vital to life in Ancient Egypt,flooding and providing rich fertile soil that couldthen be farmed, food water and a means oftransport.

stream A stream is a small body of flowingwater.

The River Severn is Britain’s longest river at 220miles long. It begins high in the CambrianMountains of Wales near to Llanidloes andempties into the Bristol Channel.

vegetationbelt

An area of the earth characterisedby certain flora (plants) due toclimatic conditions.


Amazon

Mississippi

Nile

Yellow

Ob - Irtysh

Congo

Amur

Yenisey

Yangtze

Lena

These are some of the longestrivers in the world. Can you namethe continent and countries therivers travel through?

TigrisEuphrates

Tests yourself on these rivers andmore using this link;https://www.sporcle.com/games/g/longestrivers

Map adapted from Oddizzi.com

River Length (miles)

Nile, Africa 4160

Amazon, South America 4000

Yangtze, Asia 3900

Mississippi-Missouri, North America 3870

Yenisey, Asia 3440

Yellow, Asia 3440

Severn, Europe 220

Africa, Fair Trade and Farming UKS2 Knowledge MatSubject Specific Vocabulary Exciting Books

world The earth with all its, countries and peoples.

continent One of the main land masses in the world.

weather The rain, snow, wind and sunshine at aparticular time or place.

climate The average course of weather conditions for aparticular location over many years. Countriescloser to the equator tend to be hotter.

equator An imaginary line around the earth at an equaldistance from the North and South Poles.Africa is closer to the equator than the UK.

Sticky Knowledge aboutAfrica, Farming and Fairtrade

Key Farming in Africaand the UK

economy A country’s income and the way this is spent.Many African countries are extremely poor. Africa is the second largest continent in the world,

its land covering 20% of the world’s available land.16% of the world’s population live in Africa. Theequator runs through Africa. The UK is in thecontinent of Europe.

Africa

United Kingdom

charity An organisation set up to help people who arepoor, ill or disabled, or who have suffered adisaster.

Fairtrade This is an arrangement in which farmers getpaid a fair price for their goods. There 54 countries in Africa of which the largest are

Algeria, DR Congo, Sudan, Libya and Chad. Themost densely populated countries are Nigeria,Ethiopia, Egypt, DR Congo and Tanzania.

farm An area of land and its buildings used forgrowing crops and/or rearing animals. Farmingin Africa may be more difficult than in the UKbecause of the hot, dry weather conditions. Africa's longest river is the River Nile (6695km long); it

starts in Burundi and drains into the MediterraneanSea. The River Severn is 354km. Mount Kilimanjaro isAfrica's highest mountain (5895m above sea) – BenNevis (Scotland) is 1345m and Mount Snowdon(Wales) is 1085m above sea.

arable Arable farming involves growing crops such aswheat or corn for food.

organic Organic food is grown or produced without theuse of chemical fertilisers or pesticides.

pesticide A substance for killing harmful insects or otherpests.

Farming is a key industry in Shropshire and in theUnited Kingdom.

cattle Animals with horns and hoofs, kept by farmersfor their milk and beef. This is known as pastoralfarming.

There are different types of farming in both Africaand the United Kingdom; the type of farming isdependent on both physical geography and theweather. Farming in northern Africa is very differentfrom farming in the south of the continent.Sahara

Desert

A desert is an area of land that has very littlerainfall and can be very hot or very cold. TheSahara Desert is the largest hot desert in theworld.


CocoaYamsPotatoesCoffeePlantainCassavaSorghumMillet

CattleCamelGoatsSheepDonkey

WheatBarleyCornOil seed rapePotatoesCarrotsSugar beetBrusselsprouts

CattleSheepChickensPigs

Natural Disasters UKS2 Knowledge MatSubject Specific Vocabulary Exciting Books

naturaldisaster

An event such as floods, volcaniceruptions, tropical storms, tornado,landslides and wildfires caused by natureand causing hardship and loss of life.

eruption An explosion of steam or lava from avolcano.

aftershock A shaking event that follows anearthquake. Sometimes more damagingthan the original earthquake.

tsunami A long, high wave usually caused by anearthquake in the ocean.

magma Hot fluid or semi-fluid material below orwithin the Earth’s crust from which lava isformed.

Sticky Knowledge aboutnatural disasters

lava Hot, molten or semi-fluid rock eruptedfrom a volcano, or solid rock, resultingfrom cooling of this. Volcanoes are caused when magma rises to

the surface of the Earth, which causes bubblesof gas to appear in it. This gas can causepressure to build up beneath the surface, and iteventually explodes.

dormant A dormant volcano is an active volcanothat has not erupted in the past 10,000years.

More StickyKnowledge

fault Fractures in the Earth's crust where rockson either side of the crack have slid pasteach other.

Earthquakes are usually caused when rockunderground suddenly breaks along a fault. Thissudden release of energy causes the seismicwaves that make the ground shake.

Flooding occurs when a riverbursts its banks andoverflows onto thesurrounding land.

magnitude If you talk about the magnitude ofsomething, you are talking about its greatsize.

A tsunami is a series of large waves generatedby an abrupt movement on the ocean floorthat can result from an earthquake, anunderwater landslide, a volcanic eruption or -very rarely - a large meteorite strike.

Droughts occur when thereis a shortage of rain over along period of timeaffecting crops and possiblyleading to wildfires.

landslide A landslide is a collapse of a mass of earthor rock from a mountain or cliff.

tectonicplates

The Earth’s outer shell is made up of hugeslabs of moving rock called tectonicplates.

A hurricane is a large rotating storm with highspeed winds that form over warm waters intropical areas.

Wildfires are fires that areout of control and spreadquickly.

saturated Holding as much water or moisture as canbe absorbed; thoroughly soaked.


Disaster Year Deaths

Earthquake, Haiti 2010 > 230 000

Tohoku Earthquake and tsunami, Japan 2011 16 000

Cyclone Nargis, Myanmar 2008 140 000

Hurricane Katrina, America 2005 1833

Earthquake and tsunami, Sumatra 2004 280 000

Hurricane Mitch, North and Central America 1998 19 325

Tangshan Earthquake, China 1976 242 000 – 655 000

Typhoon Nina, China 1975 229 000

Bhola Cyclone, Bangladesh 1970 275 000 – 500 000

Yellow River Floods, China 1931 4 000 000

Haiyuan Earthquake, China 1920 273 400

Deadly Disasters

Useful video clips

Tectonic plates

Map Reading UKS2 Knowledge MatSubject Specific Vocabulary Latitude and Longitude OS Symbols

OrdnanceSurvey

An Ordnance Survey map is a detailedmap produced by mapping agency ofthe United Kingdom (UK).

OS symbols OS symbols are used to representfeatures on maps.

hemisphere A hemisphere is formed by dividing theearth into the Northern and SouthernHemispheres at the equator.

latitude The lines extending around the Earthhorizontally are called lines of latitude.

longitude The lines extending around the Earthvertically are called lines of longitude.

Sticky Knowledgeabout Maps

time zones Time zones give specific areas on theEarth a time of day that is earlier or laterthan the neighbouring time zones.

Greenwichmeridian

This is an imaginary line that runs throughGreenwich and divides Earth into twoequal parts: the Eastern Hemisphere andthe Western Hemisphere.

There are two norths: true north andmagnetic north. True north is the directionof the geographic North Pole. Magneticnorth is the direction the north end of aneedle in a compass points.

scale The scale on a map tells us how muchbigger the real world is than the map. Useful websites North may be at the top of maps today,

but that wasn’t always the case. Duringthe middle ages, most Western maps puteast at the top instead.

physicalgeography

The scientific study of the natural featuresof the Earth's surface, especially in itscurrent aspects, including landformation, climate, currents, anddistribution of plants and animals.

Maps:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topi

cs/zvsfr82/articles/zdk46v4

Contours, keys and symbols:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zvsfr82/articles/zjdkhbk

Scale:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips

/z3rd2hv

Latitude and Longitude:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zvsfr82/articles/zd4rmfr

Mapzone:https://www.ordnancesurvey.c

o.uk/mapzone/map-skills

The world map that is familiar to most of usis the Mercator projection, but it is full ofdistortions so some countries appear largeror smaller than they actually are.aerial

photograph

A photograph taken from the air – byhelicopter or drone for example.

contours Lines on a map which join up areas ofthe same height – usually orange.

Walkers and bikers often use OrdnanceSurvey Maps with a scale of 1:50 000m or1:25 000 m to help them find their way.

relief The shape of the land.


Reading 4-Figure Grid References

1. Find the place you want on themap.

2. Count along the x axis until youreach the line on the left of thelocation. This is the Easting.Make a note of this number.

3. Count up the Y axis until youreach the line below the location.This is the Northing. Again, makea note of the number.

On the snip, the location of theInformation Centre is 47 33

Reading 6-Figure Grid ReferencesSometimes it is necessary to be even moreaccurate. In this case you can imagine thateach grid is divided into 100 tiny squares. Thedistance between one grid line and the next isdivided into tenths.

1. First, find the four-figure gridreference but leave a space afterthe first two digits.

2. Estimate or measure how manytenths across the grid square yoursymbol lies. Write this number afterthe first two digits.

3. Next, estimate how many tenths upthe grid square your symbol lies.Write this number after the lasttwo digits.

You now have a six figure grid reference.In this instance, the tourist informationoffice is located at 476 334.

Reading scaleThe scale on the mapshows you how far thedistance betweenpoints on the map is inthe real world.A map with a scale of1:50 000 tells you that1cm represents 50000cm (or 0.5km) onthe ground.Some maps show a barwhich tells you thedistance …

This bar can be used toestimate the distancebetween points.

traders, raiders and map reading uks2 knowledge...

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