tradeoff analysis illustrative results. toa projects ecuador - carchi potato-pasture system high...
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![Page 1: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Tradeoff Analysis
Illustrative results
![Page 2: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TOA projects
Ecuador - Carchi
• Potato-pasture system
• High external inputs
• Steep slopes
• High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)
• Well-distributed rainfall 950-1300 mm/yr
• Mean temperatures (9-12 ° C)
![Page 3: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ecuador - Carchi
Stakeholder meetings
Indicators
• Economic indicators
• Human health effects of pesticides
• Environmental effects of pesticides• Water erosion• Tillage erosion
![Page 4: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ecuador - Carchi
Stakeholder meetings
Scenarios
• Price policies
• Pesticide handling (incl. protective clothing)
• Integrated Pest Management
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Ecuador - Carchi
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Ecuador - Carchi
![Page 7: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ecuador - Carchi
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Year
Inc
rea
se
in
ca
rbo
fura
n l
ea
ch
ing
(g
/ha
/yr)
A: shallow topsoil, low tillage erosion rateB: deep topsoil, low tillage erosion rateC: shallow topsoil, high tillage erosion rateD: deep topsoil, high tillage erosion rate
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Ecuador - Carchi
Inherentproductivity
Carbofuranuse
Potato/dairyratio
Tillageerosion
Carbofuranleaching
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Carbofuran leaching
Low
High
![Page 10: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Carbofuran leaching
Low
High
![Page 11: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Carbofuran leaching
Low
High
![Page 12: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Carbofuran leaching
Low
High
![Page 13: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Carbofuran leaching
Low
High
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Carbofuran leaching
Low
High
![Page 15: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Carbofuran leaching
Low
High
![Page 16: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Carbofuran leaching
Low
High
![Page 17: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Carbofuran leaching
Low
High
![Page 18: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ecuador - Carchi
0
25
50
75
100
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500
Carbofuran leaching (g/ha)
Cu
mu
lati
ve
pro
ba
bil
ity
(%
)
+50%
+25%
Observed prices
-25%
-50%
EPA limit
![Page 19: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ecuador - Carchi
• Capacity development through IPM Farmer Field Schools
• Participatory technology development (CIALs)• Exchanges among communities
Activities centered on men
![Page 20: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ecuador - Carchi
Activities centered on women
• Knowledge strengthening (IPM FFS, directed training)• Introduction of IPM to grade school curriculum• Propaganda campaigns
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Ecuador - Carchi
Community level action
• Strengthening community participation through:– Exchange of information and public discussion– Analysis of tradeoffs– Site visits
• Advocacy:– Elimination of highly toxics– Public investment in IPM
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Ecuador - Carchi
Farmer field schools
• Reduction in pesticide use, while maintaining production (19 t/ha): 12 to 7 applications (60% less active ingredient by area)
• Reduction in use of most toxic pesticides: Metamidaphos (40%), Carbofuran (75%)
• Improved profitability: Cost/tm $21 (22%); net benefit/ha. $722 (36%); return on investment: from 120% to 145%
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TOA projects
Peru – Cajamarca
• Potato-pasture-grain system
• Low external inputs
• Steep slopes
• High altitude (3200 -3600 m.a.s.l.)
• Average annual rainfall <700mm/yr
• Temperatures around 10°C
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Peru - Cajamarca
Stakeholder meetings
Indicators
• Economic indicators
• Water erosion
• Carbon sequestration
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Peru - Cajamarca
Stakeholder meetings
Scenarios
• Terracing
• Carbon contracts
• Climate change
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Cajamarca - terracing
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Terrace productivity 1=125, 2-150…9=325)
NP
V U
S$
Terraces, low altitude
No terraces, low altitude
Terraces, high altitude
No terraces, high altitude
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Cajamarca – climate change
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Terrace productivity 1=125, 2-150…9=325)
NP
V U
S$
Terraces with climate change
No terraces with climate change
Terraces
No terraces
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Cajamarca - terracing
0 100
100
% Subsidy% p
rofi
tab
le t
err
aced
field
s
Steep slopes
Minor slopes
Incl. maintenance subsidy
Construction subsidy
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Cajamarca – carbon sequestration
0 12000
300
Carbon (metric tons)
Pri
ce (
$/m
etr
ic t
on
)
Terraces + Agro-
forestry(high carbon)
Terraces(high carbon)
Terraces(Low carbon)
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TOA projects
Senegal - Njoro
• Peanut-millet rotation
• Low external inputs
• Rolling/flat terrain
• Low altitude (<50 m.a.s.l.)
• Semi-arid climate (<700 mm/yr)
• Average temperature 24° C
![Page 31: Tradeoff Analysis Illustrative results. TOA projects Ecuador - Carchi Potato-pasture system High external inputs Steep slopes High altitude (>2800 m.a.s.l.)](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c805503460f94936f77/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Senegal - carbon supply curves
0
100
45000Carbon (Mg)
C P
rice (
$/M
g) Fertilizer
Fertilizer+
Crop residues
Note threshold effect of increased labor costs plus transaction costs.
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TOA projects
Kenya - Machakos
• Mixed crop-livestock system
• Low external inputs
• Steep slopes
• Altitude (500-2000 m.a.s.l.)
• Semi-arid climate (500-1500 mm/yr)
• Average temperature 20° C