trade unionism in india ravi

8/3/2019 Trade Unionism in India RAVI

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RaviKant UpadhyayKalpana KumariSingh

Trade Unionism InIndia

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Trade Unionism: Definition Concept &FunctionGrowth & Development of Trade UnionStructure & ManagementRecognition

LeadershipEmployees Organization In IndiaManagerial Associations

Topic of Discussion:-

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Organization of workers bandedtogether to achieve commongoals for the benefit of theworkers.Originated In Europe, popularitygained during INDUSTRIALREVOLUTION.

Trade Union

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Section 2(h) of the Trade Unions Act, 1926has defined a Trade Union as,Any combination, whether

temporary or permanent, formed

primarily for the purpose of regulatingthe relations between workmen andemployers , or between workmen andworkmen , or between employers and

employers , or for imposing restrictiveconditions on the conduct of any tradeor business, and includes anyfederation of two or more tradeunions.

Definition of Trade Union

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vA single worker, in a situation of excess supply of workforce, finds himself in a disadvantageousposition in dealing with his employer.

v The Unions give workers a chance to take part inthe creation and shaping of their working and livingstandards.

v

By creating Unions and pursuing collective actionsto secure his interest, the worker experiencessolidarity and also a feeling of an importantmember of society.

Philosophy Behind TradeUnionism

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WHY DO WORKERS JOIN TRADEUNIONS?

Job &Social

Security

Economic

benefits

Self

Expressionparticip

ation

Protection

againstinjustic

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To improve the economic lot of employees bysecuring for them better wages.

To secure better working conditions for theworkers.

To secure bonus for the employees from theprofit of the concern,

To resist schemes of the management which

reduce employment, e.g., rationalisation andautomation. To secure welfare of employees throughgroup schemes which give benefit to every

employee.

Objectives of Trade Union

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Trade Unions perform two types of functions:

Militant functions Fraternal functions

Another broad classification of thefunctions of

unions may be as follows:Intra-mural activitiesExtra-mural activities

Political activities

SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS OFUNIONS

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A history of over 125 years. The trade Union movement in India started

late i.e. after1918, though theindustrialization of the country began inabout 1850.

The first trade union was founded by Mr. N.K.

Lokhande in 1890, and was known as theBombay Mill Hands Association.

Growth & Development of Trade Unions

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In India the growth & development of TradeUnion canbe divided into six periods:v Social Welfare period {1875-1918}v Early Trade Union Period {1918-1924}v Left Wing Trade Unionism Period {1924-

1934}

v Trade Unions Unity period {1935-1938}v Second World War period {1939-1945}v Post Independence Period {1947 to date}

Growth & Development of Trade Unions

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v From 1875 1918v Industrial Development brought the evils

of Indutrialization

v Indian Factories act was passed in 1881.v Bombay Mills Association -1890; Ist Trade

Unionv The notable features of the Social welfare

period were: Complete absence of radicalism. Depended entirely on external philanthropy. The movement developed mostly among

the educated class of workers such aspostal clerks and railway employees.

Social Welfare Period

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v From 1918-1924 ; Start of a New Era.v The Industrial unrest grew up as a result of the

economic difficulties caused by the First World War.v The Martial Law, the Rowlett Act, Jallianwala Bagh

incident brought a sense of political maturity amongpeople.

v Economically insecure and politically mature ,with thesupport of political workers, philanthropists, the Indian

workers launched a series of strikes between 1918-1920.

v Economic struggle against rising cost of living, ruthlessexploitation and suppression, led to the birth of Indian

Trade Union Movement.

(THE FIRST WORLD WAR

PERIOD)

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v Trade unions which were primarily strike committeestook a formal shape and the Madras Labour Unionformed in 1918 under the leadership of B.P.Walia.

v Further, ILO was established in 1919.v On October 30, 1920,representatives of 64 trade

unions with a membership of 140,854 met in Bombay

and established the All India Trade Union Congressunder the chairmanship of Lala Lajpat Rai.v The workers organizations sprang up all over India

chiefly in jute and cotton textiles, in the railways andamong the transport workers in general.

v The Ahmedabad Labour Association was alsoestablished in 1920.v It is estimated that between 2.5 to 5 lakh workers

were organized into unions at that time.

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v From 1924-1934.

The following are the main features of themovement in this period:v Expansion in the no. of trade unions and

Membership.

v Enactment of the Indian Trade Unions Act,1926.

v Increase in the frequency of Industrial disputes

causing work stoppages.

Left Wing Trade UnionismPeriod

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v From 1935 1938 ; A platform of Unity.v Trade Union Unity Committee 1932v The National Federation of Labour

was establishedwhich merged with the Indian TradeUnion

federation and was called National

Trade UnionFederation

v In 1938 at Nagpur, the NTUF was affiliatedas a separate unit to the AITUC.

v Later in 1940 the NTUF was dissolved and

Trade Unions Unity Period

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v The Indian National Congress approached the working

class. As a result the Congress Govt. assumed chargeand big changes occurred.v Then there was a new upsurge of industrial unrest

culminating in big strikes.v In 1937, there were 379 strikes which involved 6.47

lakh workers and resulted in a loss of 89.92 lakh man-days.

v Protective legislations like the Bombay Shops andEstablishments Act,1939 and the U.P. MaternityWelfare Act, 1939 were initiated by Congressministries.

v Labour Enquiry Committees were set up in Bombay,U.P. and Bihar.

v The Congress ministry resigned in 1929 after the

outbreak of the Second World War. 5/4/12 TRADE UNION:


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Period : 1939-1945 The Second World War broke out inSeptember 1939

The AITUC became a divided house wherenationalist including the communist wereneutral towards war and radial democratswere in support of war

Thus there was a split in the AITUC and theIndian Federation of Labour was forced by theradicals in November 1941

The arrest of the congress workers engagedin trade unions led to the communistdominating the AITUC

Second World War Period

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v The Hindustan Mazdoor Sevak Sangh convened aconference in New Delhi on May 3 and 4, 1947where a resolution to set up another centralorganization was adopted.

v The Indian National Trade Union Congress(INTUC) established in May 1947 was formedby Hindustan Mazdoor Sevak Sangh , acreation of Pro-Gandhi wing in the congress whowere associated with the Textile Labour

Association of Ahmedabad ATLA.v INTUC joined International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU).

v Lack of Trade Union Unityv Four Central Organizations : INTUC, AITUC, HMS, &

UTUC Government Recognized.

Post Independence Period

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Names and Details of some Unions inIndia

All-India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)Origin:It was established in 1920 as result of a resolution passed by

the organized workers of Bombay and the delegates whichmet I a conference on 31st October, 1920.

Objectives:

to establish a socialist state in India; to socialize and nationalize means of production, distribution

and exchange; to improve the economic and social conditions of the

working class; to watch, promote, and further the interests, rights, and

rivile es of the workers in all matters relatin to their


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The Indian National Trade Union Congress

Origin: The INTUC came into existence on 4th May, 1948, as a

result of the resolution passed on 17th November 1947, by theCentral Board of the Hindustan Mazdoor Sevak Sangh, whichwas a labour leader on the Gandhian Philosophy of Sarvodaya

Objectives: To establish an order of society which is free from

hindrances to an all-round development of its individualmembers, which fosters the growth of human personality inall its aspects, and which goes to the utmost limit inprogressively eliminating social, political or economicexploitation and inequality, the profit motive in theeconomic activity and organization of society and the anti-social concentration of power in any form;

To place industry under national ownership and control in asuitable form;

To secure increasing association of workers in the


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United Trade Union Congress (UTUC)

Origin :Some trade union leaders of the socialist bent met together

December 1948 to form a new central organization of labour, calledHind Mazdoor Sabha

Objectives: to establish a socialist society in India; to establish a workers and peasants state in India; to nationalize and socialize the means of production,

distribution and exchange; to safeguard and promote the interests, rights, and

privileges to the workers in all matters, social, cultural,economic and political;

to secure and maintain workers freedom of speech,freedom of press, freedom of association, freedom of assembly, right to strike, right to work or maintenance and

the right to social security; to bring about unity in the trade union movement.


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Names and Details of some Unions in India

Bhartiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)

Origin: This union has been the outcome of decision taken by the Jana Sangh in itsConvention at Bhopal on 23rd July, 1954.Objectives:

to establish the Bhartiya order of classless society in which there shall be

secured full employment;to assist workers in organizing themselves in trade unions as medium of service to the motherland irrespective of faiths and political affinities;the right to strike;to inculcate in the minds of the workers the spirit of service, co-operation anddutifulness and develop in them a sense of responsibility towards the nationin general and the industry in particular.

The BMS is a productivity-oriented non-political trade union. Its ideologicalbasis is the triple formula:nationalize the labour;labourise the industry;industrialize the nation;


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Names and Details of some Unions in India

National Front of Indian Trade Unions (NFITU)

Origin This union was founded in 1967, with the claim that this trade union of

India is not controlled by any of the political party, employers or government.Objectives :

to organize and unite trade unions with the object of building up a NationalCentral Organisation of trade unions, independent of political parties,employers and the government, to further the cause of labour and that of national solidarity security and defence of India, and to make the workingpeople conscious of their right as well as of obligations in all spheres of life;to secure to members of trade unions full facilities of recognition andeffective representation of interests of workers and to ensure for the working

people fair conditions of life and service and progressively to raise theirsocial, economic and cultural state and conditions;to help in every possible way member trade unions in their fight to raise realwages of the workers;to endeavour to secure for members of affiliated trade unions adoption of progressive legislation for their welfare and to ensure the effectiveenvironment of the rights and interests of members of affiliated trade unions

and for the working people in general.


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Centre of Indian Trade Union (CITU)Origin This union was formed in 1970 when as a result of the rift in the

AITUC, some members of the Communist party seceded

Objectives:

The CITU believes that the exploitation of the working class can be endedonly by socializing allmeans of production, distribution and exchange and establishing a

socialist state, that is, it stands for the complete emancipation of the societyfrom all exploitation.

The CITU fights against all encroachments on the economic and social rightsof the workers and the enlargement of their rights and liberties including the

right to strike, for winning, defending and extending the freedom of thedemocratic trade union movement. In the fight for the immediate interest of the working class the CITU demands:

(a) nationalization of all foreign monopoly concerns who barbarously exploitthe working class; (b) nationalization of all

concerns owned by Indian monopolists and big industry who garner hugeprofits at the expenses of

the workers, who exploit the people by pegging prices at a high level andwho dictate the anti-labour


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PROCEDURE OF REGISTRATION OF TRADEUNION

At least 7 members should be present for an application

It should in a prescribed form ,fees and should be registered

under the Registrar of Trade Unions Should be accompanied by a copy of the Rules of TU

Certificate of Registration is issued as soon as TU has been

duely registered under the Act


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1.

Basic Level Registered Union at unit of operation Plant level Unions Local Level federations Regional level federations

2. National level A. National Federations viz. AITUC, INTUC, BMSB. Loose federations of Independent Unions viz.

coordinating committee of free Trade Unions viz,All India Bank Employees FederationAll India Insurance Employees Association.

3. International Level A. World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)B. International Confederation of Free Trade Unions

(ICFTU) 125 million members in 141 countries)C. International Trade Secretariats ( ITSs ) (11 sectoral

Federations)

Structure & Management of Trade Unions

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Trade Unions Act is completelysilent on the question of recognizing a trade union. Such aProvision exists, however, inthe Annexure A of the Code of Discipline.

This Annexure lays down thefollowing criteria for recognizing

a trade union:v

Recognition Of TradeUnions

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v When a union has been recognised, there shouldbe no change in its position for a period of 2

years.v Where there are several unions in an industry or

establishment, the one with the largestmembership should be recognised.

v A representative union for an industry in an areashould have the right to represent the workers inall the establishments in the industry, but if aunion of workers in a particular establishment

has membership of 50% or more of the workersof that establishment, it should have the right to

Recognition Of TradeUnions

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v Trade unions in India are led largely bypeople who themselves are not workers.

These outsiders are politicians, intellectualsand professionals having no experience of work in industry. Outsiders continue todominate the trade unions to advance theirpersonal interests.

v The existence of outside leadership hascreated the following problems:

Since outsiders have links with politicalparties, they give greater importance to theinterest of their political parties. At times, they

do not mind sacrificing the interest of theirfollowers for the achievement of olitical ends.

Leadership

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Employers OrganizationsIn India

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ManagerialOrganizations

Nature & DefinitionAssociation of officers of the organization otherthan workmen is known as managerial association.Also called officers associationRegistered under Societies registration act 1860 or

Trade union act 1926.Officers eligible for membership are below thelevel of director; from trainees to the rank of Deputy General Manager.

Usually in public sector in IndiaWhy Managerial Organizatios?

Feeling of deprivationFeeling of insecurity

Growing harassment of managerial staff by 5/4/12 TRADE UNION:


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ManagerialOrganizations

Growth and activitiesIn banks , public sector, their activities are strong,for eg: in Coal India, IOC,BPCL ,Air India etc .

They not only make collective representations, butalso strikes.

In private sector also the trend is coming up.Statutory Protection

The constitution grants the right to organize, sonobody can be prevented from forming or

joining any organization.Societies registration act 1860 and Trade unionact 1926 provides the legal framework.Apart from this the managerial employees donthave anyother protection like the blue collar

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The future role of the trade unionmovement is linked with a broaderconcern for ensuring the social cohesion of

working people in a large and diversecountry.It is imperative for the trade unionmovement to concentrate on organizing

the unorganized, so as to create secureincomes and safe working conditions forthose with irregular jobs.

Future Role Of Trade Unions InIndia: Organizing The

Unorganized

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CONCLUSION

Trade Union is an important factor of

the current society, as it safeguards

the basic interest and needs of boththe employees as well as employers,by giving better terms and conditionsof employment, secured jobs, betterwages, favorable working environmentwhich in turn leads to desiredprofitability.


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5/4/12TRADE UNION

Thank YouKalpana Kumari SinghRaviKant Upadhyay

trade unionism in india ravi

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