trabajo final legislación para la gestión empresarial

8/16/2019 Trabajo Final Legislación Para La Gestión Empresarial

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¿ES POSIBLE IMPLEMENTAR TPM EN LAS PYME´S?RETOS, POSIBILIDADES Y OBSTÁCULOS

JHON LOMBANAANA MARÍA PELÁEZ

SANTIAGO RAMIREZ HENAO

JUAN PABLO VALENCIA OCAMPOMAURICIO OTÁLVARO RESTREPO

Prof!or"CARLOS ALBERTO ZARATE YEPES

LEGISLACI#N PARA LA GESTI#N EMPRESARIAL

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA$ACULTAD DE MINAS

MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA%&'(


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TABLA DE CONTENIDO

TABLA DE CONTENIDO....................................................................................2

') INTRODUCCI#N........................................................................................5

%) ANTECEDENTES.......................................................................................6

() JUSTI$ICACION......................................................................................10

*) $ORMULACI#N DEL PROBLEMA.................................................................11

+) OBJETIVOS...........................................................................................11

5.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL........................................................................................ 115.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS................................................................................ 11

) DESARROLLO........................................................................................12

6.1. HISTORIA E INICIOS...............................................................................................126.2. C ARACTERÍSTICAS DEL TPM...................................................................................136.3. BENEFICIOS........................................................................................................136.4. IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL TPM....................................................................................146.5. IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LAS SEIS GRANDES PÉRDIDAS........................................................156.6. ÉXITO DE IMPLANTAR TPM.....................................................................................16

-) ACTUALIDAD DE LA PYMES......................................................................17

.1. CONCEPTO DE P!ME...........................................................................................17

.2. CONCENTRACIÓN DE LAS ACTIVIDADES DE LAS P!MES................................................17

.) BARRERAS PARA APLICAR TPM EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES..............................19

".1. B ARRERAS DE COND#CTA$.....................................................................................20".2. B ARRERAS ORGANI%ACIONALES$..............................................................................20".3. B ARRERAS C#LT#RALES$....................................................................................... 20".4. B ARRERAS TECNOLÓGICAS$....................................................................................20".5. B ARRERAS ENTRE LAS DIFERENTES &REAS.................................................................21".6. B ARRERAS OPERACIONALES...................................................................................21".. B ARRERAS FINANCIERAS........................................................................................22

/) $ACTORES CRÍTICOS DE 01ITO PARA LA IMPLEMENTACI#N E1ITOSA TPM...........23

'.1. L A FORMACIÓN ! LA ED#CACIÓN..............................................................................23'.2. ENSE(AN%A ! CAPACITACIÓN..................................................................................24'.3. )POR *#É LLEVAR EL TPM A LAS P!MES+.................................................................25

'&) PROYECTOS ACTUALES........................................................................26

'') CONCLUSIONES..................................................................................29

'%) RECOMENDACIONES............................................................................31

2


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'() BIBLIOGRA$ÍA....................................................................................32

3


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ÍNDICE DE TABLAS

T,-, 1$ C/0,, 787 TPM 9 /8/: ::870,: ;7 7 ?, 07078,;/ TPM 7 C//0-,.......................................8

T,-, 3$ F,:7: 9 78,,: ;7 0,8, ;7 TPM......................................................14

T,-, 4$ L,: 6


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') INTRODUCCI#N

H/9 0: =>7 >, ,: /0,,: :7, 7,: 77:8, ->:, :/>/7: =>7 7: 708, :/-7 7 > 78// ,;, 7 0: /07/ >7: 7

07,;/ / 7: > / /, :/ 0>;, 0,877 , :/:87-;,; 9 /;>8;,; ;7,: 707:,: ;77;7 ;7 > 0/;7/ ,8,0787 /0788/ =>7 /0-7 ,;,;787/. A?/, / 7: :778/

,/@: ?7,078, ;7 7 7:8 ;7 0/;, 7: > ::870, =>787, =>77087 70, ,: @;;,: ;7 ,: 707:,: 9 0,877 , /0788;,; 7 7 ,78, 7 TPM >, 0,7, ;7 0,877 ,78,-;,; 9 7 ,/ ;7 7/ 707:,, N>87:, #77 J/?:/ 9 J/?:/ I;>:8,:;7 M, P/87 G,0-7 787 /8,: ;70>7:8, :> ,;7 9 , 77:;,; ;707078,/.

H,9 =>7 //7 78/7: =>@ 7: TPM / =>@ 7: 77:,/ 9 =>7 / ?,7 78/:/ ,,,0787 7,>, :> ,,-;,; :>: -,7,: 9 -/;,;7: 9 /: ,7: ,8/7:8/: ;7 @8/ 7 7 78// ;7 ,: 07;,,: 9 7=>7,: 707:,: P!MESK =>7 7: 7/-78/ >;,078, ;7 7:87 8,-,/ ,,;@0/.

5


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%) ANTECEDENTES

L, 7787 70, ;7 /87,: 9 , ,8, /0787, 7 7 07,;/ /7 , 8/;/8/ ;7 ;>:8,: , 7:, 7 07/, /8>,0787 7 :7 0: 7787: 9 7,7: 77 >:/ ;7 :>: 7=>/: 9 , 07/, ;, , ;, :>: /7:/: ,, ,: /77 /;>8/: ;7,8, ,;,; =>7 >7;, :, , /078 / /8/: ;7 :> 0:0/ 8/. E: / 7:8/ =>7 7 ,

,8>,;,; ,: /, /:/, ;7 07/,078/ , /0788;,; 7 > 0>;/ , / 7: >, 77:;,; 7/ 7 7:87 >8/ ,,77 ,: =>78>;7:,, 8/0, , ;7: :/-7 > 7: , 07/ 078/;//8/ ;7 ,8;, , ;7 0,9/ ,/:8,.

A87: ;7 07078, >, 078/;//;/ 7 ;/;7 :7 ;7-7 877 7:787$ 7 8/ ;7;>:8, :> ::870, ;7 7 7: ,/7: 9 >8>, 707:,, ,;70: ;7 //7 , ;78,7 /: 0/8/: =>77, , , 707:, , ;7:,/, 7:8/: ::870,: 7: ;7 )//70/: >7:8,: @ ;7:7,0/: 07/,+ ):,-70/: > 7: >7:8/ 870/ ;7 7877:8/: 787:+ )//70/: /: -77/:=>7 ,;, ::870, ;;>,0787 /: /77+ , 78, 0: 0/8,87 =>7 :7 ;7-77:/;7 ,87: ;7 07078, >,=>7, ;7 7,: / >, /0-, ;7 ,: 0:0,: 7:, :787$ )C> 7: 7 /-78/ 0/;, 7 , -:=>7;, ;7 , 777, 7 >7:8,/7:8, 7:$ 7 787 7:8,0/: 7/,;/: / 7 :7;7/ /78/.

B,/ 7:8/: 0/;7/: ;7 /;>8;,; 9 ;, :7 >7/ ,8,;/ /8/:/978/: -,:,;/: 7 , 0,, TPMK =>7 7: 7 0,87078/ /;>8/ ;7,;, 877/: /: =>7 ->:,77 077/7: /0/ Q7,, >,;/ :7 /;>, 7 ;,/Q 7:7, , =>7 :7/;>, 7 ;,/ ,, 877 78,;/ > 7 >/: /:87: 77:,078777,;/: @;;,: ;7 /;> ;77,: 7 , ,;,; 78.K 9 / 7/ ,: 707:,:

;>:8,7: :7 ,87,/ 0,8, /7:/: ;7 77 ;7 7:8,: ,7,: 07;,87 >,;7>,;/ /:8, :>: ;7,8,078/: : 7: =>7 7:87K 9 >,/: 7> 8/;/ ;/;7 ;7:;7 7 ;7-7 ,/8, ?,, >-7 /0 =>7 ,, 8/;/: 7: , >8;,; ;7:,/,;/ 078/;//7 787 , ,,8, ;7 8/;/ 7 7:/, 7 7 /8,7078/ ;7 /7:/ 0:/, ;7 ,707:,. S> 07078, :7 7,, / ,: ;78,: ,, / ,8, 9/0/0:/ ,8/ /0/ /; >;,078, ,, 7 @8/ ;7 S:870,.

#, ;7 ,: ->7,: 8,: ;7 /;>8;,; /7,/, =>7 7:87 7 7 0>;/ 7: 7+S =>7 7: >, 8, ;7 ,;,; 9 07/,078/ ;7:,/,;, 7 J, , /07/ ;7, ;@,;, ;7 /: . L,: 5: :7 777 , 0,87078/ 8797;/ 8,8/ ,,,8/: /0/ 7 78// ;7 8,-,,;/ / 7 /:8/ ;7 07/, /:77: ;7 ,;,; 70, /: 870/: 0>78/: 7;> /: /:8/: 9 07/, , ,;,; ;7;, ;7 ,: 7:/,:.

E , T,-, 1 /;70/: /-:7, >, /0,, 787 7 TPM 9 /8/: ::870,: ;7


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T2342 '" Co562r2789: :;r TPM < o;ro! !8!;52! = >!;89:

Í;5 27o562r2r

TPM M2:;:858:;oPro=@7;8o To;24

S8 S8>52

L2:M2:@f27;@r8:>M2:@f27;@r2

E!34;2

JIT J@!;o AT856o

Or8>: E: > 0/;7/ J,/@:

N,7 7 #SA >/9/>, =>7G77, E78,;/8 / , 7:,07,,,;,8,;, ;7::870, ;7/;>TO!OTA TPSK

E: > 0/;7/J,/@:

O3;8o

L/7,: ,87:=>7 : ,/8,,/ 00,;/

/ :>07;/ ,,,-;,;

E0, 8/;/,=>7/ =>7 /877 / /;>7,/ ,,;;/

B:f878o! M;o=o4o>F2

L, 078/;// TO!OTA7: /=>7 7 >/ ;7>, :/, 7, ,,;,; , , 07, 9/: -,/: 78,/:/ >7;7 :/:877:7

/ 7,: ;7/;> / /,/,-;,; 7:, 7:>, ;7 ,: , ,;7, /;,: 9 :77/, 7 ,/0, ;7G77 -78: -,

-78: 9 0,:87 -, -78:8>/7:7;7: 8>/7:7/7:7/ ;7/7:/7;>7;/ 0>;,:;7:7;/:K 9870/: ;7 /

707,;/ >,?7,078,,0,;, VSMV,>7 S87,0M,97 ,:7:/7: ,,0,877 778,/ ,>078,:> /8, 707,07/ 7:,/ ;7,0,7,078/

,;, /7,/;>7 :/ /77:,/ ,,:,8:,7 ,;70,;,.

R42789::;r

M;o=o4o>F2!

B>:, , /,-;,;;7 /: 7=>/:. S77=>77 ;7 >,

/78,07078, ;7TPM ,87: ;7 / 78/:,07078, ;7L7, 9 JIT

L, /0,/07;7/0,/7:

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H,7 LEAN :>, -,:7 ;77=>/: /,-7:;7 7:/,: ,>8/;8>, ;7;,;/7: 907/,078//8>/ =>7/:8>97 TPM 7:7,0787 0>9;

I878, 0,7, MRP JIT : 877 >, ,8, /,-;,;;7 :>: 7=>/: 7:> ,0/ />0-/ , ,,:/

C,0-/ >8>, ;7 , P/978/: 787 6

C,0-/ >8>, ;7, /


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/


9/35

P!MES =>7 :7 7>7:8, ,>, 0,>,8>7, /: 7087 ,/, ,;7, ;7 , MIP!ME 7 7 ,/,0, 707:,, //0-,/.

R77:78, 7 '6.4W ;7 /: 7:8,-7078/: ,/0,;,0787 7 63W ;7 707/ 745W ;7 , /;> 0,>,8>7, 7 4W ;7 /: :,,/: 9 7 3W ;7 ,/ ,,707:, , =>7 :>: 7 :> >


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() JUSTI$ICACION

S7/7: F,7,: ANIFK 7 'W ;7 ,=>7 707:,,,/, 7 C//0-, 7:8 //0,;/ / 7=>7,: 9 07;,,: 707:,: ,: >,7: ->8, ;7 /: :78/7: ;7 ;>:8,/07/ 9 :7/: ANIF 23K.

C/ / ,87/ :7 >7;7 7;7, 7 ,8/ 7 877 ,: P!MES;78/ ;7 , 7:8>8>, /;>8, ;7 ,: / / >, 7:>8,, 78787 7/, /:::870,: ;7 7 :7 >7;7 07078, 7 ,: P!MES ,, : /7:/: /;>8/: /;, >07;/ / 7:8;,7: ;7 /;>.

D7 ,>7;/ , 7:8/ :7 ;7-7 ->:, ;7787: ,87,8,: ,, ?,7 /0788,: , ,:P!MES ;7 ,, > 07,;/ ,;, ;, 0: ;0/ 9 /078;/ / / 8,8/ 7 TPM>7;7 :7 >, ?7,078, 8 ,, :7 07078,;, ;7 /0, =>7 708, , ,:707:,: / =>7;,:7 7,:,: / ,: >,7: 7:87 8/ ;7078/;//7: ://: ,8/7: =>7 :7 ;7-7 877 7 >78, ,, :> ,,.

10


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*) $ORMULACI#N DEL PROBLEMA

L/: ::870,: ;7 , ;7 7:8, ?7,078,: , >, 7:8 :7;/

;>;;, 9 >8,;, / 0>?,: /0,,: / 8,;/:. )*>@ 78,,: 9;7:78,,: 877 ,: P!MES ;7 7, 078//8,, 7 , 07078, ;7 TPM+.

+) OBJETIVOS+)') OBJETIVO GENERAL

E:8>;, , ,8-;,; ;7 , 07078, ;7 TPM 7 ,: P!MES.

+)%) OBJETIVOS ESPECÍ$ICOS

1. I;78, /: ,8/7: ;7 @8/ 9 ,,:/ 7 , 07078, ;7 TPM 7 ,:P!MES.

2. I;78, : , 8/8,;,; ;7 , 078/;//;7 07078, 7 ,:P!MES.

3. I;78, =>7 78;,;7: -7,078,7: ,/9, , 07078, ;7078/;/// 7 7 7, 078//8,,.

11


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) DESARROLLO

P,, 7 7:8>;/ ;7 , 0,8, ;7 TPM 7 ,: 907: ;7-70/: //7 /: /78/:-:/: ;7 TPM //7 7 0/078/ ,8>, ;7 ,: 907: 9 /: 7:>7/: ;7 7 7:87.

)') H8!;or82 8:878o!

M,87078/ /;>8/ 8/8, ;7 ::870, ;7:,/,;/ 7 J, ,, 70, @;;,: 7;> ,,;,: /:87: 7 ,: 707:,: / /7:/: /8>/:. E 8@0/ TPM >7;7;/ 7 1'1 / 7 JIMP I:88>8/ J,/@: ;7 M,87078/ ;7 P,8,K. L, T ;7T/8, :, :77 ;7

,8;,;7: /;7,;,: =>7 >, 7 0,8,;,: ,9>;, , 07/, , /0788;,; ;7>, /:8, / ;7 :7/:. S7 /:;7, /0/ 7:8,877 ,9>;, ,7, ,,;,;7: /0788,: , 8,@: ;7 , 70, /:, 9 ::8708, ;7 ,:;77,: ;7 /: ::870,: /7,8/:.

E TMP //, /78/: /,;/7: /0/ 7: 7 0,87078/ ,>8/0/ / ,87;7 /: 8,-,,;/7: , 0, ,8, ;7 8/;/: /: 707,;/: 8/8,K ;7:;7 /: ,8/:,7:8/: / , 707:,9 , 7, ;7 >, >8>, /, =>7 7:80>7 7 8,-,/ 7 7=>/ 9 777 , 0/, ;77:/,.

A: >7: 7 TPM ,7 /0/ /:7>7, ;7 , 0,8, ;7 ;:88,: 78,,:$M,87078/ C/78/ M,87078/ P778/ 9 M,87078/ P/;>8/. S>7/> 7:8 >;,078,;, 7 , /:/, kaizen / 07/, /8>, ;/;7 ,;, ,:7:7 ?, ,,87,;/ / > 7/=>7 // =>7 ,0787 ?, :7;/ ;7 -,:7 ,, ,8/;> 9 ;7:,// ;7 , :787 ,:7.

E TPM :>:8, ;7 ,>8/0 9 /8/ ,: ,/0, ,87 ;7 , >8>, //,8, ;7 ,: 707:,: =>7 / 0,8,-,. E: 7 ,:/ ;7707:,: /0/ T/9/8, N::, 9 M,;,. P/:87/0787 /8/ 8/ ;7 ;>:8,: ?,8/;>;/ / @8/ 7 TPM. E , ,8>,;,; 7 87@: / 7 TPM >7, ;7 J, 7:877;/ ,;, 7 0: ;7-;/ , ,: 07/,: =>7 :7 /:7 7 78,-;,; 7,,;7 , 7 7 0>;/ 9 7:7,0787 7 /: ,:7: ;7 A0@,

L,8,. C770/: =>7 7:8/ :7 ;7-7 , ?7?/ ;7 =>7 0: 9 0: 707:,: 8/0,/7, ;7 =>7 >:, TPM >7;7 /;> 7:>8,;/: ,:/0-/:/:. E:8,0/: ?,-,;/;7 ;>, , /;>8;,; 9/ 7;> /:8/: 7 > 3W / 0:.

A: ,: /:,: /: ,:/: =>7 :7 ?, 7;/ 07078,;/ ,, / / /-78/

12


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4. A,, 9 70, ,: ,>:,: ;7 ,,: ;,/: 9 7;;,:5. D7:,/, 7 0,87078/ ,>8/0/ 9 ;,7 ,, , 0@8/;/ ;7 ,: 5S.6. D7:,/, 9 /80, 7 0,87078/ /, / ,;=>;/". I877,: 0=>,: 9 ,, ,: 07/,:

7 /: >7/: 7=>/:.

'. V,;, 7 TPM 9 78, 7 8,-,/ 7,,;/

)%) C2r27;rF!;872! =4 TPM

L,: ,,87:8,: ;7 TPM 0: :/.

• P,8, ,0, ;7 8/;,: ,: 7:/,: ;7 , /, 7:8,87/:.

• O78,;/ , , 07/, ;7 , E78;,; G/-, ;7 ,: /7,/7: 7 >/: >/,;/.

• I877 :,;/ 7 , /7, 9 /;> 7

7 >;,;/ 9 /:7, ;7 /: 7=>/: 9 7>:/: :/:.

• P/7:/: ;7 0,87078/ >;,078,;/: 7 , >8, />;, ;7

//078/ =>7 7 7:/, /:77 :/-7 /: /7:/:.

E 0/;7/ /7:8/ / 7 I:88>8/ J,/@: ;7 M,87078/ ;7 P,8,::>8, ,7: 7:7/: ,, ,/7: /78,: ;7:,: ,: >,7: :7 ;7-70,8, 7 /0, , 9 /8//8/ ;7 7:/, =>7 8777.

E TPM :7 /78, , , 07/, ;7 ;/: 8/: ;7 ,8;,;7: ;78,:$

,K D7 ;7 /7,/7: ;7 0,87078/

-K D7 ;7 87//:8/0,8/ T/8, *>,89 M,,:8, 0/;7/: ;7 78, ;7 ::870,: ;7 ,;,; 78.

L/: 778/: ;7 TPM :7 0;7 7 , 07/, ;7 /: 7:>8,;/: ;7 ::870, /;>8/ 7:;7 7 8@0/: ;7 P /;>8;,;K * ,;,;K C /:8/:K D ;779 87/ 9

13


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787/K S :7;,; ?7:8/;7 8,-,/K. C/ 7 TPM ->:,0/: 07/, / :/ /: ,8/7: 7,/,;/: / /:7:>8,;/: 7 8@0/: ;7 /;>8/ P * C DK :/ 8,0-@ /: 7,/,;/: / 7,:78/ ?>0,/ S 9 MK.

)() B:f878o!L, 0,8, / @8/ ;7 TPM :7 -,:, 7 > ,0-/ ;7 ,88>; 7 , ;7,:,;/ ;7 :7 >, ;7 8,;/, , >, ;7 ,8,8, / >, :7 8,;>7 > 7:/, ,8,8/ 0/8,;/ 7 />,;/ / 7 /7:/ /;>8/ ;7 =>7/0, ,87. L/: ,7: -77/: :/$

• P/;>8;,; ;7 /: 7=>/:$ ,>078/ ;7 , /;>8;,; 9 , ,;,; 7;>

;7 /:87: 7 7078/ ;7 -77/: ;7 ,7,: ;778/: 9,;787:.

• P7:/, 0: >,,;/$ 7 7:/, ;7-7 877 > 7 ;7-7 ,:>0 7:/:,-;,;7: 0,9/7:. E:8, 0,9/ /07: ;7 :>8,-,/ :7 8,;>7 7 > :78078/ ;7 :7;,; 9 ,>8/7:80, 7 : 0:0/: / / 8,8/ 7 :>: 8,7,:.

• M7/,: 7 7 78// ,-/,$ , 8, ;7 TPM 07/, , :7;,; 7 7 8,-,/

9 /8->97 , 7, > 78// :,/ 9 , > /,8/ ,:7:$ 7,,8/;> 0,8, 9 7:8,-, ,: >,7: :7 ;7:


15/35

5. E:8,-77 > ,0,7:8/ ,, 7 ;7:,//;7 TPM

P7,, ,7: ;78,,;/: / ,: ,8;,;7: ,;7:,/, 9 /: ,/: ;7 870/ =>7 :777, ,, 7/.

I:;ro=@7789:

6. A,=>7 /0, ;7 TPMI8, 787: /77;/7: 9 707:,: /78;,;7: 7,/,;,:.

. M7/, , 778;,; ;77=>/

S77/, > 7=>/ / @;;,: ,: 9,,, ,>:,: 9 778/: ,, /;7 ,8>,.

". D7:,/, > /8/0/

I0, 7 7 0,87078/ ;,/ , /:/7,/: =>7 >8, 7 7=>/ / > /,;,

I5642:;2789:

'. D7:,/, > /97 7 0,87078/ 7;/ / / ,,;,7 /78/ 9 7 7;8/.

1. F/0, ,, 77,,,;,;7: ;7 /7, 90,87078/

E87, , /: ;77: ;7 ,;, / =>7;7:>@: 7:7, , /: 070-/: ;7 //7:/;787.

11. G7:8 870,, ;7

7=>/:.

D:7, 9 ,-, 7=>/: ;7 ,8, ,-;,; 90,87-;,;.

E!;238482789:

12. C/:/;, ;7 TPM 977, ;7 078,:

M,877 9 07/, /: 7:>8,;/: /-87;/:07;,87 > /, =>7>7;7 -,:,:7 7 , ,, ;7 / PECA.

)+) I=:;8f872789: = 42! !8! >r2:=! 6Kr=8=2!

E: 77:,/ ;7:>- ,:, 9 70, /: ,7: ,8/7: =>7 070, ,:/;/7: /7,8,: ;7,7:. L/: ,7: ,8/7: =>7 0;7 0,0, ,77, 7=>/ :7 ?, ,:,;/ 7 :7: 8/: 9 :7 //7 /0/ ,: :7: ?70/: /:;7,;/ =>7/;, ;, > ::870, /;>8/ / 877;78, / ;78, ;7 /: 7=>/: ;7 /;> 7:8,: :7: @;;,: :/ ,: =>7 >7;7/-:7,:7 7 7 7:=>70, :787$

$8>@r2 '" D82>r252 r6r!:;2;8o = 42! 6Kr=8=2!

15


16/35

L, 078, ;7 TPM 7: 70, / 00, ,: 6 7:8, 7 ,:787 8,-,$

T2342 *" L2! >r2:=! 6Kr=8=2! : TPM

T86o PKr=8=2! T86o < 72r27;rF!;872! O3;8o

T856o!5@r;o! <= 27Fo

1. A7,:

T70/: ;7 ,/ ;7 /7:/ / ,/:7/7: / ,7,:/,:/,7: / ,: ;7 /: 7=>/: E0,

2. T70/: ;77,, 9 ,>:87;7 /: 7=>/:

T70/: ;7 ,/ ;7 /7:/ / 7,, ;7 0=>,: / 87:77:,/: ,, :> >7:8, 7 0,?,

R7;> ,00/

PKr=8=2! =4o78=2==4 6ro7!o

3. F>/,078/, 7/;,;7;>;,

D77, 787 7/;,; ,8>, 9 , ;7;:7/ ;7 7=>/ :7 ,,;,;.S7 >7;7 /870, ,;70: /8,:07/,: 7 7 7=>/ ,, :>7, :>7/;,; ;7 ;:7/

A>, / ?,777 7 7=>/7:8 7 7:7, ,, /;7 /8>,.P,,;,: /8,: / ;7:,>:87: ,/: E0,

Pro=@7;o! o6ro7!o!=f7;@o!o!

5. D778/: ;7,;,; 9 778;7 8,-,/:

P/;> / ;778/: /: >

/,:/,7: 7 7 /;>8/ 9/:7>7870787 7 7 0/;/ ;7;7:,// :>: /7:/:.

E0, /;U

/F>7,8/7,,:

6. P>7:8, 70,?,

P@;;,: ;7 7;078/ ;>,87 , ,:7;7 ,,=>7 ;7 /7:/ =>7 >7;7;7, ;7 77 ?, 07078,;/ TPM / @8/. T/;,: 7,: 7/8, >,0,9/ /;>8;,; 7 / 50/7: ;7 ;,7: ;7 7: /078, :>: >8;,;7: 7 Z16 0/7: ;7-77/ ;78,0787 ;7,;/ ;7 07078, TPM.

16


17/35

E ,,: ;7 :>: ;:/7: T7,: I:8>078: 7/8, ?,:8, > "W ;7 7078/: ;7:> /;>8;,;. P8,0787 8/;,: ,: 707:,: 07/,;,: ,:7, ?,-7 7;>;/ :>: 870/: 7;;/: / ,/: 7 7 7=>/ 7 5W / 0: 8,0-@ 7;>7 78,/: ;7 7,/7: 9 07/,078/ 7 , >8>,;,; ;7 :>: 787-/8,8, 0,>,8>, 8,0-@ :7 / ;:8,0787 7;>;, 7 ,

0,9/, ;7 7,:.

A8>,0787 , /0788;,; 7: 0,9/ =>7 >, / / 8,8/ 7: ;>;,-7 =>7 TPM 7:, ;77, 787 7 @8/ / 7 ,,:/ ;7 0>?,: 707:,:. S> 7,, ?, =>7;,;/;70/:8,;, / :/ 7 ,8,: ;>:8,7: :/ 8,0-@ 7 , /:8> 70,87078/ ;7 7;/: 8,:/87: 78.

L/: 707,;/: ;7 8/;/: /: 77: ;7-7 :7 7;>,;/: 9 /7;/: ;7 =>7 TPM /7: 7 /7 7: > , 7 7 =>7 /: 0: ,8/: 77: 78, /0/078;/: ,, :707 >97;/ , 7 :> 07078,.

S 8/;/: :7 /0/0787 /0/ ;7-7 /: 7:>8,;/: :7 77787: /0,,;/: /, 7: 7,,;,. P/;70/: ?,7 777, , ,/: ;7 /: 7:>8,;/: ,,,;/:/ ,8,: =>7


18/35

-) ACTUALIDAD DE LA PYMES

-)') Co:76;o = PYME

E C//0-, ,: P!MES 77:78, > /78,7 :7 : 0/;,/7: L79 '5 ;7 24 //;, /0/ L79 MP!MES , >,;77 , 7:8, ,:7 ;7 707:,: /0/ 8/;, >;,; ;7 7/8, 7/0, 7,,;,/ 7:/, ,8>, / >;, 7 ,8;,;7: 707:,,7: ,,,: ;>:8,7:/07,7: / ;7 :7/: >, / >-,, L79 MP!ME 24K.

E 0:87/ ;7 ;>:8, 9 /07/ 7:7, =>7 :77,: 9 07;,,: / ,8/: 8/8,7::>7/7: , 5 SMMLV 9 ?,:8, 3. SMMLV. E ,8>, , ,87/ ;77:/;7 , ;/: 87/: ,8;,; ;7 707,;/: 9 ,/ ;7 ,8/: 07;;/: / ,8;,;;7 :,,/: 00/: 7: ;252o < @3872789: >o>rf872D62r;25:;o M8PYMES Gr2:=!B/, 14W 1"WV,7 1W 'W

C>;,0,, 6W WS,8,;7 6W 4W

A88/ 4W 5WR7:8/ ;7 P,: 3"W 21WTo;24 1W 1W

D7 ,>7;/ , ,,: 7:8;/ BAGLEE and SAWISLAK K 9 /0,,;/ 7:8,: / , ,8>,;,; ;7 >7:8/ ,: 7: /07;7 ,

18


19/35

:8>, ;7 ,: P!MES 7 7 7, 078//8,,. A 7:, ;7 =>7 ?,9 0>?/: 7:>7/: ,7 /, 9 ,/, ,, 87, P!MES7:>8, 877:,87 ;7:;7 7 >8/ ;7 :8, /;>8/.

L,: 7:8>8>,: ;7 ,: P!MES :/ /0,7: >7: 7 , 0,9/, ;7 /: ,:/: 7 7/ ;7 , /0,, , , 7 =>7 >07 ,: >/7: ;7 77 / ,: ;7:/7: :/ 8/0,;,: / 7 0:0/ ;>7/ , 77: :7/0, ;7 ,/: ,:78/: 7 7>/7: /0,7: / /: /7,/: ,, 7:/7: ,7, ;7 8/0, ;7 ;7:/7:.

P/ / 7 7:>8, ;7 , ,8;,;/;>8,. S>: ,0-/7: , 7,/ ,/ :/ /,: >7: :7 7 7 ;, , ;, 9 /:,7: , 7,, :/ 7/,;/: , ,;, ,/ ;77;7;/ ;7 / =>7 :>7; 7 /:,87/7:.

L/: ::870,: ;7 /0, :/ /0,7: ,, , 0,9/, ;/;7 ,: ,8;,;7: ,7,, :/ ;:>8;,: 7 7>/7: / /


20/35

.) BARRERAS PARA APLICAR TPM EN LASORGANIZACIONES

E , 87,8>, :7 ;7:8,, =>7 0>?,: ;7 ,: ;>:8,: 07;,87 , ,;,8, ;7 ,/:/, ;7 TPM 7:8 /:7?,;/ ,: 7/07:,: 9 ?, 77078,;/ > /8,-7,>078/ ;7 , /;>8;,; 7;> 7 /:8/: 9 0,87078/ 9 >, ;:0> ;7@;;,: ;7-;,: , ;778/: 9 ,7,: 7 /: 7=>/:.

D7 /8/ ,;/ ,,: /7 ,/ :> ,7 ,, , 07078, ;7 TPM?, ,,:,;/ 877;/ ,: =>7 7>, , /7:/ /078/. R7:,;/ , 87,8>, :7;78, =>7 /: ,8/7: 7,/,;/: / / ?>0,/ 9 7 7,:.

T,;/,0787 , > ;7 0,87078/ ?, :;/ /:;7,;, /0/ > 8,-,/ ;7-,/ 7 9 :> 0-8/ ;7 ,, :7 08, , 0,87078/ 7,8/ 9 778/ ,:/=>7 :7 ,,, , :>0-, 0787 7 ,: 8,7,: 8,;/ ;7 >, /0787, >787 7 8/;/: /: ,0/: ;7 , ;>:8, , ,8,, :/ 8,0-@ , 0/8,, ;7 0,87078/ 9 , , 07/, 77 7;078/ / 7 ;7 /-877 >, 78,, /0788, 0,9/.

L, /:/, ;7 TPM :7 ?, ,0/ 7//078/ 7 7 :78/ ;>:8, /0/> 0/8/ ,, 07/, , /0788;,; /:8,: 0,>,8>7,: :7 /8 7 07:;-7 ,, /:707:,/:. E /: 80/: ,/: ,: ,7: ;>:8,: //0-,,: ?, ;,;/ > ,://,8/ ,, //, 87//, 07078, ;7 TPM :/-7:,787. S70-,8,;/ ;7 ,: ,88>;7: / 78// ;7 ,-,7:8,: / 07/ :>:8,, ;7 /: /-:8>/: 7 ,07078, ;7 , 078/;///: >7;7 :7 /0/ ,8,/0, ,,/0/7 , ,: / ,0/ /7 :>7, / @8/ ,: -,7,: ,, , 07078, ;7 ,078/;//7,: ;7 , C//0-, 9 7:7,0787 7 ,:

P!MES.

E 07 >9 />;/. H,9 7>/: /0/ =>7 7 TPM / 7: ,,7 8,0,/ ;7 , 707:,. ! ?/9 9, / ,,, / 877 > ?/ ;7 07,;/ / ?,-7 ?77;,;/ >, 707:, 7 >/,078/ ?,9 =>7 :7 0>9 7787:.

H,9 >, 78, 7::87, , 07078, ::870,: ;7 7 ,:,>:,: />;,: ;7 /: /-70,: ;7 ,: /


21/35

, 877,/,/: , 877 =>7 8,-,, 7 7=>/ ?,7 =>7 /7:7 ;:88/:;7,8,078/:. ! 7:7 0:0/ 77/ , 7,;/ , =>7 ,: 7:/,: 7077 ,;7:>- /8/: , :,,/: , , > , 8,8,/: 7 >8,/:. E ,: ;>:8,:=>7 ;7://7 7:8/: ::870,: 7 /8/ 7: ,8, :>: 7/7:9 0>?,: 77: 877 /-78/: /8,>7:8/:. S/ 8/;/: /0,8078/: ?70@8/:=>7 , / :>0/ :7 >8, >, 7 / , ,8, D7 7/ / 7/7 /: /8/:

7,7:.

L/: /-:8>/: ?, :;/ ,:,;,: /0/ -,7,: /;>8>,7: /8>,7: 87/


22/35

.)*) B2rrr2! ;7:o49>872!"

• L, ,8, ;7 > ::870, ;7 /0, ;7 8>, ,, 7 0,87078/ 778/.• L, ,8, ;7 0>:/ ,, 7,>, 9 ;7:,/, , ,-;,; ;7 ::870, ;7

/;>.• C//078/ :>787 ;7 /: 778/: ;7 , 77, /787 ;7 /: 8,-,,;/7: ,/;7 , 80/ ;7 /: ,,7:

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/: ::870,: ;7 /;>.

.)+) B2rrr2! :;r 42! =8fr:;! r2!

•

P7:7, ;7 >, >787 :7,, 787 ,: 7:/:,-;,;7: ;7 ,: 7,: ;7/;> 9 0,87078/.• F,8, :7 9

0,87078/.• F,8, ;7 /,, / ,87 ;7 7:/, ;7 0,87078/ ;7 ,: ,,;,;7: ;7

/: /7,;/7: ;7 /;> ,, 7, , ,-/ ,8;,;7: ;7 0,87078/,>8/0,:.

• F,8, ;7 />8,; ;7 /: /7,;/7: ;7 /;> ,, , 07078, ;7/78/ ;7 0,87078/ ,>8/0/.

.)) B2rrr2! o6r278o:24!

• R7::87, ;7 /: 707,;/: ;7 8,7 ;7 0,87078/ ,, 7,, ,:,8;,;7: ;7 0,87078/ ,>8/0,:.

• M,9/ @,:: 7 , //0, ;7 7=>/ 7 >:/ ;7 /7;078/: /0,,;/:

;7 8,-,/ 78.• A88>; .• F,8, ;7 /7;078/: 7:8>8>,;/: 9 ;/>078,;/: ,, ,: ,8;,;7: ;7

0,87078/ ,,;,:.• F,8, ;7 70/;7,078/ ;7 /: 707,;/: /-7 0, ;7 /: 707,;/:

7 7 7=>/ 9 7 , 07/, 7,/,;, / /: /7:/: ;7 78/:.

• I07078, ;7 ,: 5S 08,;, / =>7 7:>8, 7 > ,0-787 ;7 8,-,/;7:,78,;/.

• E ,>078/ ;7 , , ;7 / =>7 7:>8, 7 07/: /7 , ,87 7 ,: ,8;,;7: ;7 TPM.

• R7:8 7 , 8,:77, ;7 7:/:,-;,;7: ;7 /7,;/ ,, 7,, 8,7,: ;7 0,87078/ ,>8/0,: 7 /0,, / ,: ,:7: ,7: ;7 ,07078, ;7 TPM 7, > 0,8/ 77 ;, /0/ 7:>8,;/ :,8:,.

22


23/35

• M,9/ @,:: 7 7 >0078/ ;7 ,: 078,: ;7 /;> ;,,: / / 8,8/,77 ;7 870/ 9 ;7 7>:/: ,, 7 /7:/ ;7 07/,:.

• L, ,, / 7:8>8>,;, 9 ,,;, ;7 7/=>7 ;7 TPM.• L/: ;,;/7: :7 /0>, 7>:,0787 ,, :,8:,7 /: /7:/: ;7

,>;8/, 87, 9 787,:.

.)-) B2rrr2! f8:2:78r2!

• N/ ,:77 >, /:;7,-7 ,8;,; ;7 7>:/: ;7;,;/:.• F,8, ;7 78/: ,;7>,;/: 7 07078, ;7 > ::870, ;7 7/07:,.• L, ,:7 , ;7 77> ;7 TPM 7=>77 ;7 7>:/: ,;/,7:.

23


24/35

/) $ACTORES CRÍTICOS DE 01ITO PARA LAIMPLEMENTACI#N E1ITOSA TPM

L,: ;>:8,: ?, 77078,;/ >, 7::87, ;7:;7 :> 87/ ,, 07078, ,0-/ 9 7: 7: /0,;/ ;7:,/, >7,: 7:8,87:/:,, , 07078, ;7 TPM. P/ / 8,8/ 7: ;:7:,-7 ,, ,: /,8>7,: /078, 7:8,878>, ;7 ,;, 707:,.

L/: ,8/7: 8/: ;7 @8/ ,, >, 07078, 78/:, TPM 7 ,: 707:,:0,>,8>7,: >7;7 :7 ,:,;/: 7$

F,8/7: ?>0,/: /78,;/: ,$

• C/0/0:/ 7 , 8>,.• E:8,87,.• L, 77 ;7 ,/: 9 ::870, ;7 /;> 78,;/

77/,078/.

L/: ,8/7: ?>0,/: :/ /78,;/: , ;7:707, > ,7 >;,078, 7 ,/0>, ;7 , -,:7 ,, , 07078, ;7 TPM 078,: =>7 /: ,8/7: ;7/7:/ 7:8 7/,;/: , /, 07078, 78/:, ;78/ ;7 , /,7: 877 =>7 ?,7 7/:

,, /7 7 8, / ,0,7:8/ ,, 7 ;7:,// ;7 >, 7:8>8>, /7 :7 78, 7 ,07078, ;7 TPM 7 ,: 0=>,: /8/ 9 8,: 7,;/ ,: > ,0-787 ;7,78, ?,, , /:/, ;7 TPM :7;/ / :> ;7:77 ?//8, 7 8/;, ,/


25/35

/0, 78787 9 , 7;>, ;7 /: 707,;/: 7 8/;/: /: 77: ;78/ ;7 ,/ ,8/ ;7 @8/ ,7 ,, >, ;707078, 78/:, ;7 TPM.

L/: /-78/: ;7 , ,,8, ;7-7 :7 >, ->, ,, 7 ;7:,// ::8708/ ;7 ,:/0787,: 9 /: //078/: 9 , 078,;,; :/ 7:7,7: ,, =>7 /: 707,;/:

77>87 ,: 8,7,: 7:8,:. E:8/ 7087 > 7:>8,;/ 7 , /;>8;,; 9 7087,,, /: 0: ,8/: 7:8;,7: ;7 ,;,; , 7;> ;7 , ,8;,; 7 , /,;,,-/, ,: ,,: 9 ,;787: ;7 /: 7=>/: 7 ,>078/ 7 7 07/ ;7 07/,:,7:K 9 7 7087 > 7;078/ 770, ;7>,=>7 /7;7 > 7 7 /0/8,078/ ;7 ,:7:/,: >,;/ > /: ;7 , 7:8,87, 7=>-,;, 9 7: 8,:08;, ;7 /0, ,,. A;70: , /::87, ;7 /:,8/7: 8/: ;7 @8/ 7 7 >0078/ ;7 , 07078, 78/:, ;7 TPM>7;7 7,>,:7 07;,87 7 >:/ ;7 ;,;/7: ,7 ;7 7;078/ PIK =>7 ,9>;,, 7,>, 7 7;078/ ;7 ,-,.

L/: ;,;/7: ;7 8, ,0,0787 7 ,: /, 7 @8/ ;7 /7:/ ;7 07078, ;7 TPM.

A /0,, /: 77: ;7 0,87078/ ;7 7;078/ 7 , 78,, ;7 7U0,8,9 /:8U07078, ;7 ,: ,:7: ;7 TPM , 707:, >7;7 7,>, 7 0,8/7:8,8@:, 7:8,8@/:/ ;7 /: ,8/7: 8/:;7 @8/ ,, , 07078, TPM 7: > ,8/ ;7870,87 ,, , 07078,;7 7:8, /:/, 7 ,: 707:,: 9 7:7,0787 7 ,: P!MES P,77:7,0 212K.

25


26/35

/)%) E:!2:2 < 726278;2789:

L/: /-70,: ;7 ,8, ;7 //078/ ,87 ;7:;7 7 0:0/ 0-8/ ,,;@0/ ;/;77 TPM :7 7:7, /0/ > ,8>/ ;78/ ;7 >, 0,87, ;7 0,87078/. ! 7:8 0>97/: ;7 :7 0,87078/ 7: > ::870, 877;7 /7 7 /:/-70,: 7,7: 9 :/>/7: 78787:.

C>7:8, 8,8/ 07078, 7 ,0-/ /=>7 7 TPM ,8,, ,>:,: />;,: 9 ?/9 :787;7 , , -:=>7;, ;7 7:>8,;/: 07;,8/: / =>7 :707 878, , ,0, , > 877/=>7 7,7 >7:8/: 7=>/:. A: /: 7;70/: , 7:7,, 7 >7:8/: /7,;/7:7 ,- 9 //7 7 7=>/ / ;78/ 7 =>7 77 ,7-7 ;7 >8>, /=>7 :7 /7 > /7/.

O8/ >8/ , 877 7 >78, 7: , >7:8 7/0,. S / =>7 ->:,0/: :/7:>8,;/: 07;,8/: 07;,8,0787 7:,0/: 7 / 07078, TPM >7: :77:, =>7 /: /:8/: ,>078, / , 7: =>7 :7 ;7-7 7,, 9 7:/ >7;7 :7 >

/7787 ,, ,/:. L, 7::87, 7: >8>, 9 7/0,. L,: 7,: ;7 ://877:8 /-8>, //0-,, / >7;7 , >/8, ;7;:, 9 ;7:/;7. E: / 7:/ =>7 ,, , 07078, 78/:, ;7 TPM 7=>77;7 > ,:/ 7/$ , //, ;7 -,:7 ;7 ,: 5S C,:, O;7 L07,N/0,, 9 M,877 , ;:,K.

/)() ¿Por @K 442r 4 TPM 2 42! 67 ,: 707:,: ;7 >8, //7 ,: ?7,078,: ;7 TPM 9 0>?,: ,:,, 7 870, 7: =>7 877 =>7 7;,078,0787 , ,: P907:. A? 7: ;/;7 ,

,8, ;7 ;>: , ,8, ;7 //078/ ;7 >7:8/: 7 / :7070787. S 7,0787 :>7, 7 ,0-/ >8>, =>7 //, ,: 07078,,,>=>7 :7, ;7 /0, , 7 0/;7/ ;7:77 ,:/ , ,:/;7:>@: , 80/ ;7 ,: /:-;,;7:. C/ > 78// ,;, 7 0: ,7 ?,, 7:/: ,0-/: / ?,, @;;, ;7 /0788;,; 9 ;7:,, ;7707:,:.

T2342 -" D8f87@4;2=! < :!2:2! =4 TPM

DI$ICULTADES ENSEANZAS DEL TPM F,8, ;7 //078/ C>8>, ,8>, C/:8/: ,;/,7: ,7: N77:;,; ;7 7:>8,;/: 07;,8/: S//87 , N7 7:8787: D7:,>7;/: / 8,7,: =>7 ,87:

7,,-, /8,: 7,:

C,0-/ >8>, C//7 ;78, 9 70, @;;,: A7,078/ ;7 , /7 7 ,>:,: ,7: 9 / 7:8/0,: , 7-7 / 7: ,7707;,;K

C,,8, 7 77:;,;7: 7,7:

26


27/35

27


28/35

'&) PROYECTOS ACTUALES

A8>,0787 7:87 >, ,8, =>7 787;7 /8,77 9 07/, , /;>8;,; ;7 ,:907: ;7 :78/ 0,>,8>7/ 07;,87 , /0/ 07078, 9 7//078/;7 ->7,: 8,: ;7 /;>8;,; /7,/,.

E /78, / ,/9/ ,;/, ;7P/,8/=>,. E -/ /-78/ ;7 /7,: 9 07;,,: 707:,:P907:K / /7:/: ;7 0,>,8>, =>7 =>77 07/, :> /0788;,; 978,-;,; / , ,,8, 7 ,/0,,078/ 7:7,,;/ 9 7 ;7:,// ;7,,;,;7: ;7 /, 7 7 7:/, ;7 , ,8, ;7 /;>. S> /97;:, , 8,:/0, /;>8, 7 , >;,; 97,, , ,: 707:,: ,8,87: ,, ,/8, 78/: 87,/,7:.

E :> 07, ,:7 , / ,;,;. D7 7,: :7 :77/, ,: 2 0: ,8,: ,, , /0, 707078, ;7 ->7,: 8,: 7 ->:, ;7 :> 07/,078/ /7,/, 7/;>8;,; 9 78,-;,;.

E /:, , 8,:/0, /;>8, 7 , >;,; ;7 M7;77,,;/ , ,: 707:,: ,8,87: ,, ,/8, /: 78/: ;7 /: TLC. D7 /0,8, E,8,$

• F/078, , /;>8;,; 7 0: ;7 3 907: ,8,87: / 7:8,877,: 8,: ;7 /;>8;,;.-Componente dePromoción y Divulgación.

• T,:7 , 7:/, ;7 2 907: :77/,;,: 078/;// /;>8;,; /7,/, 9 :> /, , 8,@: ;7,,8,/7: 9 ,/0,,078/ 7:7,,;/. -Componente deImplementación.

• R7//7 9 70, /: /: 707,;/: =>7 /078, , /;>8;,; /7,/, 7 //, ,: ->7,: 8,: 7 :>:/7:/:.-Componente de Reconocimiento.

Enplanta 7:8 7 0,?, ;7:;7 /70-7 ;7 212 >,;/ :7 7, / @8/ > /8/7 M7;7. M>?,: ,: /:8,: 9 /;>8/: :7 ,:/, / /: 7:>8,;/: 7:7,;/:;7 7:87 / ,;,; ;7 ;,

• H,:8, 333 907: :7 :7:-,;,: ;,,;,: 7,:78/: 7,/,;/: / , /;>8;,; /7,/,

• 2 907: 07/, :> /;>8;,; / 07;/ ;7 , 07078, ;7->7,: 8,:

• M: ;7 2 7:7,:8,: 7 /;>8;,; ,,8, 9 /78, ,: 07/,:7 ,: 907:

• 1 907: 9 :> : /8;,;

28


29/35

• P,8,/0, ]7- / /87;/ ;;,; ;7 8, 7 C//0-, 7 870,: ;7 /;>8;,;

/7,/,• E:,/: ;7 7>78/ ,, , :/,, 7 87,0-/ ;7

07078,/7: 9 7:>8,;/:• C/:>8// 8>, ,, 907:• E78/: ;7 8,:77, ;7 B>7,: P8,: ;7 P/;>8;,; O7,/,

D7 7:8, //,8/, /; ,8, 8/;,: ,: 7=>7,: 9 07;,,: 707:,:0,>,8>7,: / :7;7 7 M7;7 =>7 877 7:8@;:>7:8,: , //0, 7=>/: ,7 ::870, 7/,;/ , , 07/, /8>, ;7 ,:707:,: 9 :>: /0/787:K ,, 07078, ->7,: 8,: ;7 /;>8;,; 7 :>,8, ;7 /;>.

E87 ,: 707:,: :8,: :7 :77/, 2 / ,87 ;7 > 7=>/ ;7 27:7,:8,: 7 07/,078/ /8>/ =>77: , 8,@: ;7 ,/0,,078/ 7:7,9 8>, ,,8, 9 /78, , /: 707,;/: ;7 ,;, /0,, 7 0,87, ;7

/;>8;,; 7 ;,;/7: ;7 ,8/ 0,8/. A , ;7 ,;, ,/ ,;70: ;7 7:>8,;/: =>7 0,87 7 , 78,-;,; ;7 ,: 907:E ,8, 70, /: /7 /078, ,/;>8;,; /7,/, 7 //, ->7,: 8,: 7 :>: /7:/:.

$8>@r2 %" D,, 777, /8/ / 1 707:,: 7 /70-7 ,:,;/. E877,: 7:8>/ T7>: =>7 ;7:;7 ?,7 " ,/: :7 ;7;, , 870/,;/ ;7 78787,: ,,,87: ;7 7;,: 7/ , :> /7.

29


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S> 7 ,8 7 ,/: 8,77: 7 =>7 7///: 787: ;7 8,-,/ =>7 /07, , 877:7 ;7:;7 7:8, :70,, 7 , ,8, ;726 078/: >,;,;/: / ;/: 07:,: ;7 /87 9 :7: 0=>,: >:/,;/,:.

QN/: 78,70/: 7 07/, , /;>8;,; ;7 07/ ;7 7,:. H/9 7:8,0/:/7:,;/ 32 0 7,: >7/: 0,7:8/ -/ ;7 1.'42 0/7: ;7 7:/: 7//>, ,,,, 7>:/: ,/,7: 07;,87 7 P/8, 7 I>:, ,, ,0, :> /-78>,.

A?/, :7 7:7, =>7 0>?,: 907: ;7 M7;7 :7 ,07 , ,8, 7 7:8, ,8,9 :8>/ 877 0>?/: /0-7:. P,, /: ;@-7: 7:/ ,,,-7. P,, /: 8707/:/: / ;7://;/. P,, /: ,787: 7: , //8>;,;Q.

30


31/35

'') CONCLUSIONES

O3;8o '" Identificar los factores de !ito " fracaso en la implementaci#n del $%M en las%&MES'

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L/: /-:8>/: 77078,;/: / ,: 707:,: 8>,7: /8>,7: 87/7;7

:7 ,/,0787 7,,;, 7 ,: ;>:8,: 0,>,8>7,: , 8,@: ;7 > ,0-/ 7 ,>8>, ,;, 9 > /0/0:/ 78>:,:8, / ,87 ;7 , 7,: ;7-7 7:8, ;:>7:8,: , /078, > ,0-787 =>7 /8,7, , /:/,TPM 9 :>: ,0-/: 7 7 > ;7 , ,8, ;7 7: >/ ;7/: ,8/7: ;7870,87: ,, , 07078, 78/:, TPM.

P/ / 8,8/ /: :7 ;7-7 :,-7 0/ >8, ,: ,8,: ;7 TPM 7 ;7787:>:8,,: ,, /0/7 , ,8, ;7 /: 707,;/: 7 8/;,: ,: 78,,: ;7 /:/7:/: ;7 /;> 9 0,87078/ ,, /80, 7 >/ ;7 /7:/: 07/, ,,;,; ;7 /;>8/ 9 7;> , 00/ /: /:8/: ;7 /7, 9 0,87078/.

E: > 878/ 8 8,8, ;7 778, , 078/;//7 9, ?, :;/ 7:8,-7;/ 9/-,;/ 7 , ,, ;7 TPM 9 , 8,:/0, 78/:,.

O3;8o %" Identificar si la totalidad de la metodología del $%M se pude implementar enlas %&MES)

L/: /978/: ;7 TPM /8/ , 7=>7, 7:,, ;7-7 :7 ,;0:8,;/: ,, 0/:8, 8, ,777, ,;=>;, 7 7:8/: /978/: /8/ ,, ,>:8, , 7:,, /078, ,07078, /:87/. S7 ?, 7>7:8/ ;7:/: /-:8>/: 9 ;7:,/: =>7 >97 7

, 07078, 78/:, ;7 TPM 7 ,: ;>:8,: 0,>,8>7,: ,: >,7: :7 ;7-7;7 877 7 >78, ,, , 07078, ;7 TPM 7 ,: P!MES.

C/0/ :,-70/: ,: P907: ->:, :/-7 7 7 78// /0788/ 7/>;/:7/ , /0, ;, 7 =>7 >7;7 /-877 7, 7:,,7:,8,;/ /: >8/: >;,078,7: ;7 7:8, /:/, /7 7:8, :7, 0:7787 9 :7 /-87, : , , 78//.

31


32/35

L,: 08,/7: ;7 ,: P!ME_S 7 7>:/: 7/0/: ,, ;7:8, ,87 ;7 :>7:>>7:8/ 7 , 07078, ;7 078/;// ,8/ 8/ =>7 :7 ;7-7 877 0>9 7 >78, : :7;7;7 / 07078, TPM 7 ,: /:, , 07/, /8>, 7 8/;/: /: /7:/: ;7 , /7 /77 TPM 9 =>7 :/ ;7 ,,. C/ 7:87>8/ 7 ,8>, ,: 707:,: >7;7 7/, :>: 7:>7/: 7 //0, 7=>/: ;78,-,/ ,7 07/,078/ /8>/K 0,7/ ;7 ;,;/7: 8,-7/: ;7 7_: ;,:, 9 778/ ,::

AMFE 78. E:8,: ?7,078,: / 7=>77 ;7 > /:/ ::870, ;7 07078, 9/:8/: ,, 7,/ , ,-/ 9 / / /8,/ 8,7 0>?/: -77/: 7 7 ,0-/ ;7

>8>, ;7 7:/, 9 08;,; ,, , 707:,.O3;8o (" Identificar (ue entidades gu)ernamentales apo"an la implementaci#n demetodologías de mejoramiento continuo en el *rea metropolitana'

C/0/ 770/ ;7 / =>7 :7 >7;7 ?,7 ;7:;7 7=>7/: ,0-/ 7 >, /7 ?, 7,,;/ E:642:;2 / :> :07: 7/ 7,7:/>7:8,: ,, ,: /;,078, 7 7 ,0-/ ;7 7:, 9 8,-,, ;7 /: 707,;/: ;7,,: /7 7:8 >,;,: / :642:;2)

32


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'%) RECOMENDACIONES

L,: 078/;//7;7 07078,:7 7 ,: 7=>7,: 9 07;,,:707:,: / /0/ :> /-78/ , 9 7 ;7 / 9 07/, , :7;,; 7 /;7 9 /77,;78,:7 7 ,: 078/;///: =>7:7 /07 , 87/ ;7 , 707:,. E:8, ,8, ;7 , /, 7:8,877 ,: 707:,: >7;7 //, , :>: ,7: 7:8,8@/0, ;7 8,-,, ->:,;/ 07/, :> 78,-;,; , :7;,; ;7 7:/, 9 07/,

:> /0788;,; 7 > 07,;/


34/35

'() BIBLIOGRA$ÍA

C#ATRECASAS ARBÓS LL. TPM$ T/8, P/;>87 M,87,7$ ?,, , /0788;,;, 8,@: ;7 , 77, ;7 /: 7=>/: ;7 /;> G7:8 2 23K.

LIER J. L,: ,7: ;7 @8/ ;7 T/9/8, G7:8 2 24K.

P/;>889 P7:: TPM$ P/8/ 8/8, P/;>889 P7:: C,0-; TPMK$ /7:/ ;70,8, 9 ;7:,// FC E;8/, 21K.

SERNA M. D. A. LÓPE% J. F. A. CORTES J. A. %. TPM 07078,8/ 0,8 //0,7: /078889 8?7 M7;7 078//8, ,; ,8/=>,`: 7,:87 7,8/ / 8?7 SME: 87?//, H,]], I87,8/, C/777: /S9:870 S77. 1''.

BAGLEE D. M,87,7 :8,87


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'K P>7-/: 7 7; 212K C/:>8,;/ 7 23 ;7 /8>-7 ;7 213 7$?88$]]].>7-/:77;./:8, 9 /07/ /:>8,;/ ,

trabajo final legislación para la gestión empresarial

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