BUILDING MATERIALS

INDEX

Tittle: Building materials

Introduction: What is the building?

Types of materials: -Stone materials -Agglomerated materials -The concrete -Ceramics materials -Other materials

Building's construction

What are the building materials?

Building material is any material which is used for a construction purpose. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, sand, wood and rocks, even twigs and leaves have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic.

TYPES OF MATERIALS

Stone materials

There are many types of rock through out the world all with differents attributes that make them better or worse for particular uses. Rock is a very dense material so it gives a lot of protection too. Its energy density is also considered a big draw-back, as stone is hard to keep warm without using large amounts of heating resources.

Agglomerated materials

They are materials that when are mixed with water become pasty and when they solidify acquire rigidity. Used as a means of union or bond between other materials to result in a mass called a mortar.

The concrete

Concrete is a composite building material made from the combination of aggregate (composite) and a binder such as cement. After mixing, the cement hydrates and eventually hardens into a stone-like material.

Ceramics Materials

They are inorganic, non-metallic materials and things made from them. They may be crystalline or partly crystalline. They are formed by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Clay was one of the earliest materials used to produce ceramics, but many different ceramic materials are now used in domestic, industrial and building products.

Other Materials

Metals

A metal is a chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat.-Steel: is an alloy consisting mostly of iron, with a carbon content. We used it for the construction of beams, columns and roof trusses.-Aluminum: It is a silvery white and ductile element. It's used used as a profile for door frames, windows, railings or fences.-Copper: It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. It's used in water, gas and heating facilities.

Woods

Wood is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression.Is a common material in roofing, doors, windows and wall covering and flooring

Plastics

Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic amorphous solid[1] materials used in the manufacture of industrial products.It can be found in water pipes and electrical wiring switches and outlets, such as insulation, in floor coverings, window enclosures, etc.

Glass

It is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid material. Glasses are typically brittle, and often optically transparent. Its many types are used in windows, doors, decoration, fences ... It's obtained from the fusion of a mixture of silica, soda, lime, and other substances.

Building's Construction

1. Site Preparation.

Land preparation is done by demolition operations, earthmoving and grading, using heavy machinery, such as excavators and loaders.

2. Foundations.

It is the placement of the elements that form the foundation of the building which is located underground, and its shape and dimensions depend on the characteristics of the surrounding terrain. Cimentaicon items are shoes, greedily or piles, and are usually of reinforced concrete.

3. Structure

At this stage are built pillars and plates which forms the floors. Some are metal structures of steel beams, but most of the buildings are constructed by reinforced concrete.

4.Water coverage.

It involves the placement of the roof of the building, whose characteristics depend largely on the climate of the area. The materials used in building covered include: tiles, slabs of slate or zinc plates. There are two types of tiles: the arabic tile and the mixted tile.

5.Cladding

It's the covering of one material with another. Walls are constructed and screened to isolate the building from outside. It is made with bricks, cement, and foam polurietano.

6.Flooring and Close up

Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor. they build the walls that separate the different rooms of the house and land. It is made with brick, plaster ... and the flooring is made with marble, granite, wood ...

7. Other Facilities

Construction Machinery

For construction stages we need different machines which will help us:The bulldozers and loaders, who are responsible for turning the soil and prepare the ground.

The bulldozers and graders are used in grading, and the steamroller is compact.

Dump trucks and transported materials are extremely large.

The cranes used to lift materials.

Concrete mixers mortar and concrete prepared.

By Mayte Figueredo Pereira and Nuria Snchez Luengo 3A