trabajo de investigacion de las mypes

7/25/2019 Trabajo de Investigacion de Las Mypes

1/451

cribir texto]

UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA ANTONIO GUILLERMO URRELO

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS Y

EMPRESARIALES

CARRERA DE CONTABILIDAD Y FINANZAS

TRIBUTACION MUNICIPAL DE LAS MYPES YASPECTOS TRIBUTARIOS EN LA CONSTITUCION DE LAS

MYPES

PROTOTIPO DE PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACION PARA OPTAREL TITULO DE LICENCIADO EN ADMINISTRACIN

AUTOR:

MG. LIC.ADM. REINERIO ZACARIAS CENTURIN MEDINA

ASESOR:

DR. FERNANDO RUBIO CABRERA

CHIMBOTE - PERU

2013


2/45

cribir texto]

INDICE

1. TTULO.2

2. PLANEAMIENTO DE LA INVESTIGACIN....... ........3

2.1. P!"#$%"&'%#$( )%! *+(,!%&"................. 3

a. Caracterizaci! "e# $r%e'a((((((((((........(.(....... ..)

&. E!*!cia"% "e# $r%e'a((((((((..((...(((.................++

2.2. O,%$'(/ )% !" '#%/$'"'#............ ........11

a. O&,eti-% e!era#((((((((((((((((...(............ ..++

&. O&,eti-%/ e/$ec01ic%/((..((((((((((((....(........ .. +2

2.3.2 4/$'5'"'# )% !" '#%/$'"'#............ 12

3. MARCO TERICO Y CONCEPTUAL. ........ 13

).+. A!tece"e!te/((..((((((((((((............... (.....................+)).2. Ba/e/ terica/ "e #a i!-e/tiaci!((((((((....((..(((........ +3

).)..Marc% c%!ce$t*a#............................................................................................)4

6. METODOLOGA............37

5.+. Ti$% 6 !i-e# "e #a i!-e/tiaci!((((((((((((.((...... .... .)7

5.2. Di/e8% "e i!-e/tiaci! (((.(((((((((((((((.. . .. )7

5.). P%aci! 6 '*e/tra((.((((((.((((((..............................)9

5.5. P#a! "e a!:#i/i/((((((...((((((((((((((((.....)9

8. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGR9FICAS..... ... 60

ANEOS................ 63

Cr%!%ra'a. ..((((((..((((((((((((((((.. ..... 5)

Pre/*$*e/t% (..(((((((((((((((..((....... ..................5;


3/453

cribir texto]

1. TITULO: ;L"/ M L. 200 E# $a0/ 6 e# '*!"% a-a!za! a *!a -e#%ci"a" ace#era"a *e8a/= e/ta/ a1ecta! a /*/ *ti#i"a"e/ /*1rie!"% *! creci'ie!t%

c*a#itati-% 6 c*a!titati-% $ara e# "e/arr%##% "e# 'i/'% a 'e!%r e/ca#a. E! #a

act*a#i"a" e# c%!ce$t% "e e'$re/a e/ Ora!izaci! $e!/a!te c%! #a 1i!a#i"a" "e

#%rar *ti#i"a"e/= a!a!cia/ 6 re!ta&i#i"a"@ #a i!terr%a!te e/ #a /i*ie!te E/


4/45

cribir texto]

-er"a" >*e #a/ 'icr%e'$re/a/ !ace! $ara a!ar * acti-i"a"e/ % e/trateia/

rea#iza! $ara a#ca!zar /*/ %&,eti-%/ E/ *!a $re%c*$aci! "e# e/ta"% 6 "e #a

ec%!%'0a !aci%!a# 6 '*!"ia# te!er e! c#ar% e/te $r%ce/%.

E! e# c%!ti!e!te e*r%$e% e# tr'i!% "e Micr%= $e>*e8a 6 'e"ia!a e'$re/a e/

*ti#iza"% $%r #a !%'e!c#at*ra P6'e 6 e/$ec01ica'e!te e/t: e! 1*!ci! "e /*/

e1ecti-%/ 6 "e /* -%#*'e! "e !e%ci% % "e /* &a#a!ce e!era# a!*a#. E! e1ect%=

#%/ 2) 'i##%!e/ "e PYME >*e tie!e #a U!i! E*r%$ea re$re/e!ta! *! 99 "e#

t%ta# "e #a/ e'$re/a/ 6 a$%rta! *e /e "e/e!-*e#-e! e! /* e!t%r!% e/ e# 1act%r "e creci'ie!t%

6 "e creaci! "e e'$#e% e! #a *!i! e*r%$ea caracter0/tic%/ $%r $%/eer e! $#a!i##a

'e!%/ + tra&a,a"%re/

E/t% *e /*1re /%! #acreaci! "e !*e-a/ e'$re/a/ >*e a #a -ez e!era! creci'ie!t% r:$i"% "i/$er/a/ e!

#%/ ra!"e/ 'erca"%/= e! 'erca"%/ #%ca#e/ % rei%!a#e/ 6 c#ar% e,e'$#% e/ "e

E/$a8a re/$%!"ie!"% a t%"%/ #%/ e!*!cia"%/ E&*+%#)%* RELACIONADAS CON LASMYPES:

PROMOCIN Y FORMALIZACIN DE LA MICRO Y PEUEA

EMPRESA

IMPORTANCIA DEL SECTOR EMPRESARIAL

H PBI 52

H N'er% "e E/taeci'ie!t%/ e'$re/aria#e/ 99

H Pri!ci$a# e!era"%r "e e'$#e% 47.2 "e #a PEA ++.2 'i##%!e/.

H Gra! $r%-ee"%r "e /er-ici%/ 6J% "e 'a!% "e %&ra a 'e"ia!a/ 6 ra!"e/e'$re/a/.


5/45

cribir texto]

COYUNTURA HISTRICA

H S%/te!i"% creci'ie!t% ec%!'ic%.

H Creci'ie!t% "e e?$%rtaci%!e/ !% tra"ici%!a#e/ ar%i!"*/tria= 'a!*1act*ra=c%!/tr*cci!.

H N*e-%/ 'erca"%/ e?ter!%/ KTLC/ 6 'a6%r "e'a!"a "e $r%"*ct%/ $er*a!%/.

H Creci'ie!t% "e# e'$#e% "e/ce!tra#iza"%.

H Sect%r $ri-a"% 1%r'a# /#% e/ e# 9 "e #a PEA.

TLC INTERNO

H I!c%r$%rar a #a/ MYPES e! #a "i!:'ica ec%!'ica $ara e!erar 'a6%rca$aci"a" e'$re/aria# 6 $r%"*cti-a.

H Artic*#aci! "e MYPES c%! ra!"e/ e'$re/a/ $er*a!a/ $ara a*'e!tar %1erta$r%"*cti-a 6 c%'$etir e! !*e-%/ 'erca"%/.

H I!c#*/i! "e 'a6%r0a "e !e%ci%/ 6 $er/%!a/ a &e!e1ici%/ "e# creci'ie!t%

H F%r'a#izar 6


6/456

cribir texto]

i'$#ica re/$%!"er a "%/ $re*!ta/ Tie!e! e/t%/ e'$re/ari%/ caracter0/tica/ 6

tra6ect%ria/ /i'i#are/ A#ca!za! *! 'i/'% "i!a'i/'% 6 !i-e# "e ?it% e! #a

c%!"*cci! "e /*/ e'$re/a/ La re/$*e/ta e/ !%. E# !i-e# "e "e/arr%##% "e e/ta/

e'$re/a/ 6 /* creci'ie!t% e! tr'i!%/ "e e'$#e%= *ti#i"a"e/ 6 $r%"*cti-i"a" e/

"e/i*a#. La/ caracter0/tica/ "e /*/ !e%ci%/= #%/ '%!t%/ "e i!-er/i!= #a tec!%#%0a

i!c%r$%ra"a 6 #a/ e/trateia/ /e*i"a/ $ara /* creci'ie!t%= /*iere! >*e e?i/te *!a

'arca"a *e8%/ e'$re/ari%/ 6 "e /*/

e'$re/a/.

E# c%'e!tari% >*e tra!/cri&i'%/ e/ *!a e?ce#e!te i!tr%"*cci! a# te'a "e e/te

e/t*"i% $*e/t% >*e "e,a i!t*ir *!a re#aci! "irecta'e!te $r%$%rci%!a# e!tre #ac%'$etiti-i"a" e'$re/aria# 6 #a tec!%#%0a "e e/ti! e'$#ea"a $ara 'a?i'izar#a.

Si &ie! e/ ciert% >*e e?i/te *! $r%e'a /%cia# i'$#0cit% e! #a ca$aci"a" ere!cia#

"e #%/ 'icr%e'$re/ari%/ e'ere!te/ 6 /*/ e'$re!"i'ie!t%/= e/te !% e/ *! te'a

>*e !%/ c%'$eta= re/tri!ire'%/ e# e/t*"i% a #a e?$#icaci! e/tricta "e #a re#aci!

Gestin de Calidad/Resultados.

%6 e! "0a e# "%'i!i% "e *e /e $r%"*zca e! ##a /i!i1ica *! ra! $a/%

a"e#a!te e! #a i*a#"a" "e %$%rt*!i"a"e/.

E! e# e/t*"i% C%'$ete!cia/ !ece/aria/ $ara #a creaci! 6 e/ti! e?it%/a "e

$e>*e8a/ 6 'icr%e'$re/a/ e! e# Per $atr%ci!a"% $%r e# Mi!i/teri% "e E"*caci!

>*e 1*e rea#iza"% e! e# 'arc% "e# Pr%ra'a E/$ecia# Me,%ra'ie!t% "e #a Ca#i"a"


7/45

cribir texto]

"e #a E"*caci! Per*a!a= MECEP@ /e $#a!tear%! #a/ /i*ie!te/ *e #a e'$re/a /e c%!/%#i"a 6 crece /e area! !*e-a/

1*!ci%!e/ 6 #a/ a!teri%re/ /e t%r!a! ':/ c%'$#e,a/. A/0= e! #a/ 'icr%e'$re/a/ "e

c%'erci% /e re>*iere &:/ica'e!te /a&er -e!"er@ e! #a/ $e>*e8a/ e'$re/a/

i!"*/tria#e/ /e !ece/ita /a&er $r%"*cir 6 "iriir a# r*$%


8/45

cribir texto]

e'$re/aria# 6 c%! #a ca#i"a" "e #a e/ti!= "e 'a!era ta# >*e e# i!ici% 6 1%r'aci!

c%i!ci"e c%! #a 'icr%e'$re/a= #a c%!/%#i"aci! 6 e# creci'ie!t% c%! #a $e>*e8a 6

'e"ia!a e'$re/a= 6= 1i!a#'e!te= #a 'a"*rez 6 "i-er/i1icaci! c%! #a ra! e'$re/a.

La/ eta$a/ 6 /*/ ta'a8%/ tie!e! /*/ $r%$i%/ re>*eri'ie!t%/ "e c%'$ete!cia/@ /i!

e'&ar%= #a e"*caci! 1%r'a# Ktc!ica 6 *!i-er/itaria /#% c%!%ce 6 atie!"e #a/

eta$a/ /*$eri%re/ 6 #%/ 'a6%re/ ta'a8%/. E?i/te $%c% c%!%ci'ie!t% 6 ca/i !i!*!a

%1erta e"*cati-a $ara ate!"er #a/ !ece/i"a"e/ "e #a/ eta$a/ i!icia#e/ 6 #%/ 'e!%re/

ta'a8%/.

. A $e/ar "e #a/ "i1ere!te/ e?ie!cia/ "e ca"a ta'a8%= e?i/te *! !c#e% &:/ic% "e

c%'$ete!cia/ /i'i#are/ $ara t%"%/ #%/ e'$re/ari%/= 6a /ea! "e #a 'icr%= $e>*e8a='e"ia!a % ra! e'$re/a.

7. La/ c%'$ete!cia/ e'$re/aria#e/ tie!e! *! car:cter e!era#= '*#ti/ect%ria#@ e/

"ecir= /e a$#ica! a c*a#>*ier acti-i"a" ec%!'ica. S%! c%'$#e'e!taria/ a #a/

c%'$ete!cia/ e/$ec01ica/ % tc!ica/ $r%$ia/ "e ca"a /ect%r % acti-i"a". De/"e e#

$*!t% "e -i/ta "e# ?it% e'$re/aria#= /%! ':/ i'$%rta!te/ >*e #a/ e/$ec01ica/.

. La/ #i'itaci%!e/ 6 care!cia/ >*e e!1re!ta! #a/ PYME $ara *!a e/ti! e?it%/a"e&e! atri&*ir/e a 1act%re/ i!ter!%/ a!te/ >*e a 1act%re/ e?ter!%/. E!tre #%/ $ri'er%/

/e e!c*e!tra #a 1a#ta "e "%'i!i% "e #a/ c%'$ete!cia/ e!era#e/ $ara #a acti-i"a"

e'$re/aria#.

10. E# c%!%ci'ie!t% "e #a/ c%'$ete!cia/ e'$re/aria#e/ e!era#e/ 1a-%rece >*e e#

/i/te'a e"*cati-% #a/ $*e"a i!c%r$%rar "e!tr% "e /*/ c%!te!i"%/ 6 1aci#itar a/0 e#

a$re!"er a e'$re!"er.

E# /ect%r "e MYPES /e *&ica 'a6%ritaria'e!te e! e/te e/>*e'a e! #% >*e /e

##a'a! acti-i"a"e/ #ea#e/ c*6%/ i!re/%/ !% /%! re$%rta"%/= a*!>*e e/ "i10ci#

ace$tar >*e /e trate "e acti-i"a"e/ c#a!"e/ti!a/. E/ $%/ie >*e *! /ect%r

/e*ra'e!te '*6 $e>*e8% "e MYPES@ #%/ $r%1e/i%!a#e/ 6 tc!ic%/ i!"e$e!"ie!te/

>*e acta! $%r c*e!ta $r%$ia= re$%rta i!re/%/ 6 !% e/ i!1%r'a#. Sa#azar=G. E"it%r

K24


9/45

cribir texto]

E! e# c%!te?t% "e c%'$etiti-i"a" i!ter!aci%!a#= #a/ MYPES !% /#% tie!e! #a

!ece/i"a" "e /er c%'$etiti-a/ i!ter!a'e!te= /i!% >*e #a #%&a#izaci! #e/ e?ie

&*/car #a c%'$etiti-i"a" e?ter!a 6 c%!/%#i"ar/e c%'% *! /ect%r "e "e/arr%##%

/%/te!i"% e! #a ec%!%'0a= 1%'e!ta!"% #a/ a#ia!za/ e/tratica/= #a /*&c%!trataci!

6 %tr%/ 'eca!i/'%/ >*e e! /* c%!,*!t% &*/>*e! e# $r%re/% "e# /ect%r. A!(#/(> L.

Y.> H%+#J#)%> P. 200

De ac*er"% a #a i!1%r'aci! $r%$%rci%!a"a $%r #a SUNAT 6 */a!"% e# i!"ica"%r

"e -e!ta/ &r*ta/. La/ 'icr% 6 $e>*e8a/ e'$re/a/ 1%r'a#e/ a !i-e# !aci%!a#

a/ce!"er0a! a 357=+54 e'$re/a/ 6 re$re/e!tar0a! e# 97 "e# *!i-er/% e'$re/aria#

1%r'a# !aci%!a# e! e# a8% 2=5= c%!1%r'a!"% e# e/trat% e'$re/aria# 1%r'a# ':/i'$%rta!te "e# $a0/. S"!""+>G. E)'$(+ 200

La/ 'icr% 6 $e>*e8a/ e'$re/a/ K'6$e /%! c%!/i"era"a/ c%'% #a/ $ri!ci$a#e/

e!era"%ra/ "e e'$#e%.

E##a/ c%!/tit*6e! e# 97.39 "e# t%ta# "e #a/ e'$re/a/ >*e


10/4510

cribir texto]

e i!ter!aci%!a#= !% $artici$a! "e c%!c*r/%/ $ic%/ 6 !% c%!%ce! c%! e?actit*" /*/

a!a!cia/ 6 $r"i"a/. KV''!> Y. E)'$(+" > 2007

A"e':/= #a Micr% 6 Pe>*e8a/ E'$re/a/ KMYPES e! e# Per c%!/tit*6e! *!e#e'e!t% c#a-e $ara e# "e/arr%##% ec%!'ic% 6 /%cia# "e# $a0/= /i! e'&ar% a! !%

*i"ez "i/$%!ie/.K C"/$%!!"#(/> . R. C"/$%!!"#(/>C. A.>%)'$(+%/>2010

P%r %tr% #a"%= te!e'%/ a COPEME= c%'% re" "e $r%'%ci! "e #a/ MYPES e! e#

Per@ e/ *!a re" >*e tra&a,a $ara c%!/e*ir *!a 'a6%r 1%r'a#izaci! 6

c%'$etiti-i"a" "e #a/ MYPES 6 /* artic*#aci! c%! #a/ ec%!%'0a/ #%ca#e/= $ara

e##% "e/arr%##a $r%ra'a/ 6 $r%6ect%/ >*e 'e,%ra! "e 'a!era /%/te!i"a #a %1erta "e

/er-ici%/ "e #a/ e!ti"a"e/ "e# /i/te'a 1i!a!cier% $ara #a/ MYPES e! e# Per= e/ta/

e!ti"a"e/ /%! #a/ "e Micr% 1i!a!za/= #a/ "e "e/arr%##% e'$re/aria# 6 "e "e/arr%##%

ec%!'ic% #%ca#.

T"#$"/> L. 2010 !%/ "ice >*e #a/ MYPE/ e! #a rei! A!ca/< $re/e!ta! *!a

"e1icie!te %ra!izaci! a !i-e# e'$re/aria# >*e i!-%#*cra a/$ect%/ ec%!'ic%/=

1i!a!cier%/ 6 a"'i!i/trati-%/= >*e i'$i"e e# "e/arr%##% "e e?$erie!cia/ a/%ciati-a/

"e ti$% re'ia# 6 e'$re/aria#. A/0 'i/'%= #a e/ca/a ca$acitaci! "e #a MYPE/= !%

#e/ $er'ite te!er ca$aci"a" c%'$etiti-a 1re!te a /*/ c%'$eti"%re/= e/ta/ #i'ita!te/e! #a 'a6%r0a "e #%/ ca/%/ e/ $%r>*e #%/ 'i/'% 'icr%e'$re/ari%/ tie!e! $%ca

-a#%raci! a #a ca$acitaci! 6 "e/arr%##% e'$re/aria#.

Ta'&i! e! e# "e$arta'e!t% "e A!ca/*e e! t%"% e# Per

rei/tra! a#t%/ 0!"ice/ "e i!1%r'a#i"a"= c%'% c%!/ec*e!cia "e *! c%'$#e,% /i/te'a

a"'i!i/trati-% *&er!a'e!ta# >*e !% $er'ite *!a ce#eri"a" %$%rt*!a e! #%/

$r%ce"i'ie!t%/ >*e #%/ */*ari%/ tie!e >*e e1ect*ar e! #%/ tr:'ite/ $re-i%/ c%! #a

1i!a#i"a" "e c*'$#ir c%! #%/ re>*i/it%/ e?ii"%/ $%r #e6.A/0 'i/'%= e# C%!/e,%


11/45

cribir texto]

Rei%!a# "e #a/ MYPES "e A!ca/*e

c%!/tit*6e *! "%c*'e!t% "e e/ti! c%! #a 1i!a#i"a" "e $r%'%-er e# "e/arr%##%= #a

1%r'a#izaci! 6 #a c%'$etiti-i"a" "e #a/ MYPES e! !*e/tra rei!.

2. E#4#'")( )%! P+(,!%&"

E# car:cter #%&a# "e #a ec%!%'0a "%!"e /e "e/e!-*e#-e! #a/ e'$re/a/ e! e# Per

trae c%!/i% a# i*a# >*e 'a6%re/ $er/$ecti-a/ "e !e%ci% *!a/ c%!"ici%!e/

e/$ecia#e/ $ara c%'$etir= e/t% e/= e?ie a #a/ e'$re/a/ K'icr%e'$re/a/ e! !*e/tr%

ca/% $artic*#ar e'$#ear


12/45

cribir texto]

O,%$'(/ E/*%K5'(/

Deter'i!ar #a/ $ri!ci$a#e/ caracteri/tica/ "e #a/ M6$e/ "e# /ect%r c%!/tr*cci! "e#

"i/trit% "e C


13/45

cribir texto]

3. MARCO TEORICO Y CONCEPTUAL:

3.1. A#$%%)%#$%/

B%!($/%+(/'< R. 2008 rea#iz% *!a i!-e/tiaci! c%! re#aci! a #a i!-e/tiaci!

6 "e/arr%##% "e *! taer% "e 'a!"% $ara #a e/ti! e'$re/aria# &a/a"% e! e#

/i/te'a "e e/ti! e/tratica Ba#a!ce" Sc%recar". S* -i/i! e/ "e ac*er"% a #a

-e#%ci"a" 6 e?ie!cia/ "e# '*!"% c%'$etiti-% >*e ca"a "0a &*/ca !*e-a/ 1%r'a/ "e

e!ca'i!ar /*/ e/trateia/ $ara c*'$#ir e# %&,eti-% "e/ea"%. Deta##a #a 1%r'a c%'%

#a/ e'$re/a/ *ti#iza! e# Ba#a!ce" Sc%recar" c%'% /i/te'a "e e/ti!. La 1%r'a "e

c'% e,ec*tar c%! ?it% *!a e/trateia $ara a#ca!zar #a -i/i! "e #a %ra!izaci!.

Rea#iz% *! rec*e!t% "e t%"a/ #a/ acti-i"a"e/ rea#iza"a/ e! #a *e #a c%'*!icaci! "e #a/ e/trateia/ e/e!cia#e/ %$erati-a/ >*e

a6*"e! a #a a"'i!i/traci! e/ !ece/aria /i! #*ar a "*"a= e/%


14/45

cribir texto]

#a e/trateia. La i!-%#*craci! "e ca"a "e$arta'e!t%= "e ca"a /i/te'a 6 $r%ce/% >*e

e/te e! #a e'$re/a e/ i'$re/ci!"ie= /e $*e"e! rea#izar c%! e/te ca!a#

Crear #a c%'$re/i! "e #a e/trateia.

A#i!ear #%/ %&,eti-%/ $er/%!a#e/ a #a e/trateia 'e"ia!te i!"ica"%re/ %$erati-%/

C%rre#aci%!ar e# /i/te'a "e i!ce!ti-%/ c%! #a e/trateia.

La e/trateia c%'% $r%ce/% c%!ti!*% e! #a i!-%#*craci! "e# $er/%!a# $ara e# #%r%

"e #a e/trateia= #a $artici$aci! e/ 1*!"a'e!ta# a"a$t:!"%!%/ a# 'e"i%. Fi!a#iza

re/%#-ie!"% >*e /%! !ece/aria/ #a/ i!-e/tiaci%!e/ "e e'$re/a/ !% #*crati-a/ >*e e!#a act*a#i"a" e/t:! *ti#iza!"% #a *e 'e,%ra e# "e/e'$e8% %$eraci%!a# "e #a/ %ra!izaci%!e/ c%!

re#aci! a #a/ $r:ctica/ "e #a ca#i"a" t%ta#. S* i!-e/tiaci! /e e?tie!"e a #a/ /iete

ci*"a"e/ "e# Per* >*e a!a#iz% e# c%'$r%'i/% ere!cia#= e# e!1%>*e a# c#ie!te=

a"'i!i/traci! "e #a ca#i"a" "e# $r%-ee"%r= etc c%! #% c*a# %&t*-% >*e #a re#aci!

"e #a/ $ractica/ 6 e# "e/e'$e8% -ar0a e!tre #a/ e'$re/a/ $r%"*ct%ra/ "e /er-ici%/ 6

#a/ $r%"*ct%ra/ "e &ie!e/= a/0 c%'% e!tre #a/ $6'e/ 6 ra!"e/ e'$re/a/.

B+(#"#(> N. R. 1. E! /* tra&a,% "e i!-e/tiaci! /%&re A"'i!i/traci! 6

Ge/ti! Gere!cia#= c%!c#*6e >*e Para e# "e/e!-%#-i'ie!t% $ti'% e! #a e/ti! "e

*! e!te= /e "e&e c%!tar c%! e# $r%1e/i%!a# i"!e% c%! -irt*"e/= *e e/taecer c#ara'e!te #%/ 1i!e/=

%&,eti-%/ 6 'eta/= #a %ra!izaci!= "iriir 6 #%rar #% >*e /e $er/i*e= -eri1icar #%/

re/*#ta"%/ e i'$#e'e!tar #a/ 'e,%ra/. A/i'i/'%= /e


15/45

cribir texto]

tra&a,a"%r 6 c%!/ec*e!te'e!te #a %ra!izaci! $*e"a c%'$etir e! i*a# "e

c%!"ici%!e/ c%! %tra/ e!ti"a"e/ 6 'e,%rar #a ca#i"a" "e tra&a,% 6 /er-ici% >*e /e

&ri!"a.

E?i/te! "eter'i!a"a/ caracter0/tica/ >*e "eter'i!a! #a e?ce#e!cia i!/tit*ci%!a#

c%'% /%! #a 1i,aci! "e e/trateia/ $ara e!1re!tar/e a# 1*t*r%= #a/ c*a#e/ -a!

ac%'$a8a"a/ "e *!a &*e!a %ra!izaci!= e/ti#% "i1ere!cia"% "e "irecci!= e#

c%'$artir -a#%re/ e'$re/aria#e/= &*e!a/ re#aci%!e/ c%! e# $er/%!a#= &*e! a'&ie!te

i!ter!% "e tra&a,%= etc. A/$ect%/ >*e "e&e #%rar e# A"'i!i/tra"%r a tra-/ "e *!a

&*e!a e/ti!.

E?i/te! act*a#'e!te '*#ti$#e/ c%rrie!te/ $ara e# #%r% "e #a e1icie!cia "e i!/tit*ci%!e/

ta#e/ c%'% #a ca#i"a" t%ta# a$#ica"a a *!a rea#i"a" ta# c%'% a$!= #a rei!e!ier0a >*e*e a tra-/ "e #%/ #%r%/ e##%/ ta'&i! /er:! &e!e1icia"%/.

O,+%(#> E. 2002 i!-e/ti% c%'% a$#icar 6 "e/arr%##ar *!a E/trateia "e ca#i"a"

e! e# /er-ici% $ara *! %/$ita# $e>*e8%= *&ica"% e! Sa! Mart0! Te?'e#*ca! 6

tie!e c%'% %&,eti-% a!a#izar a# 'i/'% 6 e!c%!trar $a/%/ e/$ec01ic%/ $ara #%rar #a

e?ce#e!cia e! #a ca#i"a" e! e# /er-ici%.

La /i*ie!te i!-e/tiaci! /e "e/arr%## i!-e/tia!"% c%'% $ri'er $*!t% '%"e#%/ 6

e/trateia/ "e ca#i"a" e! e# /er-ici%= /e e#ii e# '%"e#% "e Berr6 "e&i"% a >*e /e

a"a$ta&a 'e,%r a #a/ !ece/i"a"e/ "e #a 'i/'a. E/te '%"e#% e?$#ica e#


16/45

cribir texto]

$r%ce"i'ie!t% "e #a creaci! "e *!a e/trateia "e /er-ici%/ c%'% &a/e $ara #%rar #a

e?ce#e!cia e! e# 'i/'%.

Se rea#iz *!a i!-e/tiaci! "e ti$% "e/cri$ti-% 6 e?$#%rat%ria= e! #a 'et%"%#%0a.La i!1%r'aci! rec%$i#a"a /e t%' $ara "e/arr%##ar #a e/trateia= c%! e,e'$#%/ 6

/%#*ci%!e/ $r:ctica/.

L*% . 2010. %6 e! "0a #a/ e'$re/a/ /e "e/arr%##a! e! *! a'&ie!te "e

c%!/ta!te/ ca'&i%/= e/ $%r e/% #a i'$%rta!cia "e a!a#izar #%/ "i1ere!te/ 1act%re/ >*e

/e 'a!i1ie/ta! a#re"e"%r "e e##a/. E/ i!tere/a!te c%!%cer e/t%/ ca'&i%/ "e&i"% a

>*e #a/ e'$re/a/ "e&e! e/tar c%!/cie!te/ "e >*e /*/ c%'$eti"%re/ e/t:!

c%!/ta!te'e!te &*/ca!"% e/trateia/ $ara e!erar -e!ta,a c%'$etiti-a.

U!a -e!ta,a >*e /e tie!e a# /er $e>*e8a e'$re/a e/ #a 1#e?i&i#i"a"= #a cierta

/i'$#ici"a" 6 #a/ re#aci%!e/ $er/%!a#e/ >*e $*e"e! ##ear a /er *!a -e!ta,a

c%'$etiti-a c%! &a/e a *!a a"'i!i/traci! a"ec*a"a. L% a!teri%r !%/ $*e"e *e !% /%#% #a/ ra!"e/ e'$re/a/ tie!e! t%"a/ #a/ -e!ta,a/ "e

'erca"%= 6 ca&e reca#car >*e '*c*e /e -a a "e/arr%##ar.

E/ !ece/ari% i"e!ti1icar #a acti-i"a" 6=>*e e# e/1*erz% c%#ecti-% /e e!c*e!tre

"irii"% a #a c%!/ec*ci! "e# %&,et% c%'!.

Di/e8ar #a e/tr*ct*ra "e #a %ra!izaci!.


17/45

cribir texto]

A>*0 /e c#ari1icar: >*i! rea#izar: ca"a tarea 6 >*i! e/ e# re/$%!/ae "e c%!/e*ir

#%/ re/*#ta"%/.

Di-i/i! "e# tra&a,%.

U! r*$% "e $er/%!a/ >*e "e/arr%##e! *!a acti-i"a" c%'! "e&e! a*!ar K*!ir

e/1*erz%/. Se "e&e rea#izar *!a "i-i/i! "e# tra&a,% "e# e/1*erz% t%ta#= "e ta# 1%r'a

>*e ca"a c%'$%!e!te "e# r*$% "e/arr%##e *!a acti-i"a" $reci/a 6 !ece/aria= 6 e! #a

>*e 'e,%r c%!tri&*6a a #%rar #%/ %&,eti-%/.

Se8a#ar >*i!e/ /%! #%/ "irecti-%/ re/$%!/ae/ "e #%/ "i1ere!te/ r*$%/.

Se "e&e a/e*rar e# re/$et% 6 ace$taci! "e #%/ >*e i!tera! e# r*$% "e #%/

re/$%!/ae/ "irecti-%/.

E/taecer 6 c#ari1icar *!a/ re#aci%!e/ #ica/.

Para >*e #%/ i!"i-i"*%/ $*e"a! tra&a,ar c%!,*!ta'e!te e! *! r*$% %ra!iza"% *e "e1i!ir #a/ re#aci%!e/ >*e *!e! !% /#% a #%/ i!"i-i"*%/ /i!% ta'&i! a #%/

r*$%/ >*e 1%r'a! $arte "e #a %ra!izaci!.

O+"#'"'#: C%!/i/te e! "e1i!ir #a tarea >*e /e -a a "e/arr%##ar= "i-i"ir 6

"i/tri&*ir e# tra&a,% e!tre #a/ $er/%!a/ >*e #% -a! a rea#izar= "eter'i!ar #a/

re#aci%!e/ >*e "e&e! e?i/tir e!tre e##a/ 6 1i,ar /*/ re/$%!/a&i#i"a"e/ c%! #a i!te!ci!

"e %&te!er #%/ %&,eti-%/ $re-i/t%/ "e #a 1%r'a ':/ e1icaz.

N'%!%/ )% O+"#'"'#:

La %ra!izaci! -ar0a e! /*/ tc!ica/= /e! e# !i-e# "e a$r%?i'aci! a #%/

$r%e'a/ "e #a e'$re/a $%"e'%/ "i/ti!*ir )!i-e#e/

E# !i-e# "e #a 'icr% %ra!izaci! E/ e# "e #a/ $e>*e8a/ *!i"a"e/ e#e'e!ta#e/ "e

t%"a e'$re/a= c*6a &a/e /e e!c*e!tra e! e# $*e/t% "e tra&a,%.

E# !i-e# "e #a %ra!izaci! "e #a/ e/tr*ct*ra/ E/te !i-e# /e


18/45

cribir texto]

$/ic%/%cia#e/ %c*$a! e! # *! a'$#i% #*ar. La e/tr*ct*ra e/taece !*e-%/ -0!c*#%/

e!tre #%/ $*e/t%/ "e tra&a,%= #%/ rear*$a e! ta##ere/= e! /er-ici%/= e! "e$arta'e!t%/

6= c%'% #0'ite= c*#'i!a e! e# c%!,*!t% "e #a e'$re/a.

S%! 1*!"a'e!ta#e/ 2 ca'$%/ "e acci!

La "eter'i!aci! "e #%/ 1act%re/ a !i-e# #%&a# "e r*$% % i!"i-i"*a#.

La "eter'i!aci! "e #a/ c%!e?i%!e/. Se trata "e c#ari1icar #a c%'$#e,a 6 "i1*/a re"

"e #a/ c%'*!icaci%!e/ *ier %ra!izaci! &ie! rea#iza"a

"e&e c*'$#ir *!a /erie "e $ri!ci$i%/ %ra!izati-%/ >*e /ir-a! "e *0a 6 /%! "e

a$#icaci! *!i-er/a#.

L%/ ':/ i'$%rta!te/

U#')") )% (,%$'( T%"%/ #%/ c%'$%!e!te/ "e #a %ra!izaci! "e&e! c%!tri&*ir

e! #a 'e"i"a >*e #e/ c%rre/$%!"a $ara #a c%!/ec*ci! "e# %&,eti-% "e #a

e'$re/a.

A!"#% )%! (#$+(! E/ !ece/ari% "eter'i!ar 6 c#ari1icar e# !'er% "e $er/%!a/

':/ c%!-e!ie!te >*e *! ,e1e $*e"e "iriir c%! e1ecti-i"a".

P+'#'*'( )% )%!%"'#: Se "e&e "e#ear K$er'itir= "ar #a a*t%ri"a" *e "e! "%/ % ':/ ,e1e/ !% "e&e! e!trar e!

c%!1#ict%= /i!% >*e "e&e! 'a!i1e/tar/e c%'% /i "e *! /%#% ,e1e /e trata/e.

P+'#'*'( %+J+4'( De&e


19/45

cribir texto]

P+'#'*'( )% +%/*(#/",'!')") La re/$%!/a&i#i"a" "e# i!1eri%r 1re!te a /*

/*$eri%r= $%r #a a*t%ri"a" >*e /te #e *e /e "e/arr%##a! "e!tr% "e *!a e'$re/a "e$e!"er:! "e #a

"i'e!/i! "e #a 'i/'a 6 "e /* acti-i"a". N% %&/ta!te= $*e"e! >*e"ar

e!#%&a"a/ e! #%/ /i*ie!te/

F 4# ' # T #' " Acti-i"a"e/ re#aci%!a"a/ c%! #a 1a&ricaci! "e #%/ $r%"*ct%/ 6/* tra!/1%r'aci!.

F 4# ' # A ) & '#' / $+ " $ ' " S%! #a/ acti-i"a"e/ re#aci%!a"a/ c%! #a acti-i"a" "e #a

e'$re/a c%'% $*e"e! /er #a c%!ta&i#i"a"= #a c%rre/$%!"e!cia= e# arc*e"a

"e ca$ita#= a/0 c%'% "e e/t*"i% "e i!-er/i%!e/ 6 /* re!ta&i#i"a".

F 4# ' # S ( ' "! A/$ect%/ re#aci%!a"%/ c%! e# $er/%!a# "e #a e'$re/a ta#e/ c%'%

c%!trat%/= !'i!a/= /e*r%/ /%cia#e/= etc.

A$'')")%/ )% !(/ D%*"+$"&%#$(/ )% 4#" E&*+%/":

" D % * " +$ " &% # $ ( C ( &%+ ' "! E!cara"% "e rea#izar c%'$ra/= -e!ta/ 6 e# c%!tr%#

"e a#'ac!. La/ $ri!ci$a#e/ /ecci%!e/ /%! C%'$ra/= -e!ta/ 6 c%!tr%# "e a#'ac!

, D % * " +$ " &% # $ ( F '# " # ' %+ (: Se "e/arr%##a! acti-i"a"e/ re#ati-a/ a# c%!tr%# "e

1#*,% "e "i!er% >*e /e $r%"*ce e! #a e'$re/a. La/ $ri!ci$a#e/ /ecci%!e/ /%!

$re/*$*e/t%/= te/%rer0a= i!-er/i%!e/= cr"it%/


20/4520

cribir texto]

D % * " + $ " & % # $ ( ) % P % + /( # " ! : E/ e# >*e e/ti%!a #%/ a/*!t%/ /%cia#e/ 6 #a&%ra#e/

"e #a e'$re/a. La/ $ri!ci$a#e/ /ecci%!e/ /%! /e#ecci!= 1%r'aci!= c%!trat%/=

re#aci%!e/ #a&%ra#e/= !'i!a/ 6 /e*r%/ /%cia#e/.

) D % * " +$ " &% # $ ( T #' ( E/ e# e!cara"% "e# c%!tr%# "e #a $r%"*cci!. La/

$ri!ci$a#e/ /ecci%!e/ /%! Fa&ricaci!= e/t*"i%/ 6 $r%6ect%/.

Se! R=%"> E.G. 2010. Ge/ti! e/ #a acti-i"a" $ri!ci$a# "e t%"%/ >*ie!e/

i!-%#*cra! *!a %ra!izaci! 'a!te!ie!"% *! 1i! c%'! 'e"ia!te #a

"eter'i!aci! "e $%#0tica/= !%r'a/= re#a'e!t%/= e/tat*t%/ "e/i!a!"% #a/

re/$%!/a&i#i"a"e/ "e# ca/% 6 c%! e# !ic% $r%$/it% "e 'a!te!er 6 'e,%rar *!

Si/te'a "e Ge/ti! "e Ca#i"a".

La e/ti! /e a$%6a 6 1*!ci%!a a tra-/ "e $er/%!a/= $%r #% e!era# e>*i$%/ "e

tra&a,%= $ara $%"er #%rar re/*#ta"%/.

La e/ti! e'$re/aria# "e/"e tie'$%/ atr:/ /e *i#e/ "e '*c


21/45

cribir texto]

F4#'(#%/ )% !" G%/$'# E&*+%/"+'"!

De&e'%/ "ecir >*e e# c%!ce$t% "e e/ti! a$#ica"% a #a a"'i!i/traci! "e

e'$re/a/ %ia a >*e #a 'i/'a c*'$#a c%! c*atr% 1*!ci%!e/ 1*!"a'e!ta#e/ $ara

e# "e/e'$e8% "e #a e'$re/a

a La $ri'era "e e/a/ 1*!ci%!e/ e/ #a *!"#'5'"'#= >*e /e *ti#iza $ara c%'&i!ar #%/

rec*r/%/ c%! e# 1i! "e $#a!ear !*e-%/ $r%6ect%/ >*e $*e"a! re/*#tar re"it*ae/

$ara #a e'$re/a= e! tr'i!%/ ':/ e/$ec01ic%/ !%/ re1eri'%/ a #a $#a!i1icaci!

c%'% #a -i/*a#izaci! #%&a# "e t%"a #a e'$re/a 6 /* e!t%r!% c%rre/$%!"ie!te=

rea#iza!"% #a t%'a "e "eci/i%!e/ c%!creta/ >*e $*e"e! "eter'i!ar e# ca'i!% ':/

"irect% *e #e c%rre/$%!"e c*'$#ir a# c%!ce$t% "e e/ti! e/ #a

(+"#'"'# e! "%!"e /e ar*$ara! t%"%/ #%/ rec*r/%/ c%! #%/ >*e #a e'$re/a

c*e!ta= *e #e/


22/45

cribir texto]

/erie "e ca$aci"a"e/. U!a ca$aci"a" e/ #a *eri"a $ara ##e-ar

a ca&% *!a tarea "eter'i!a"a. aria/ cate%r0a/ "e ca$aci"a"e/ re-i/te!

i'$%rta!cia $ara e# e,ercici% "e #%/ r%#e/ "e e/ti!.

C"*"')")%/ $#'"/

La/ ca$aci"a"e/ tc!ica/ a">*iere! e/$ecia# re#ie-e e! e# !i-e# "e e/ti! "e

$ri'era #0!ea= $*e/t% >*e e/ e! e/te !i-e# "%!"e *e re/%#-er #%/ $r%e'a/

>*e /*re! e! e# tra&a,% "iari%.

C"*"')")%/ "#"!K$'"/

La/ ca$aci"a"e/ a!a#0tica/= re$re/e!ta! #a ca$aci"a" $ara i"e!ti1icar 1act%re/ c#a-e=$ara e!te!"er c'% /e i!terre#aci%!a! 6 $ara "e/e'$e8ar /*/ r%#e/ e! *!a /it*aci!

"eter'i!a"a. La ca$aci"a" a!a#0tica /e i"e!ti1ica= e! rea#i"a"= c%!


23/45

cribir texto]

La/ ca$aci"a"e/ $ara tratar c%! #a/ $er/%!a/ /%! e/e!cia#e/ e! t%"%/ 6 ca"a *!% "e

#%/ !i-e#e/ "e #a %ra!izaci! /%! *! re1#e,% "e #a ca$aci"a" "e #i"eraz% "e *!

e/t%r.

C"*"')")%/ (#%*$4"!%/

La/ ca$aci"a"e/ c%!ce$t*a#e/ c%!/i/te! e! #a ca$aci"a" $ara #%rar *!a $erce$ci!

#%&a# "e #a %ra!izaci!= "e #a/ c%'$#e,i"a"e/ "e #a %ra!izaci! e! /* c%!,*!t% 6

"e #a 'a!era e! >*e /*/ "i-er/a/ $arte/ e!ca,a! e!tre /0. Para 'a!te!er a *!a

%ra!izaci! ce!tra"a e! /*/ %&,eti-%/ e/ !ece/ari% ca$tar e# '%"% e! >*e ca"a

$arte "e #a %ra!izaci! e!ca,a e i!teracta c%! #a/ "e':/ $ara #%rar #%/ %&,eti-%/

1i,a"%/ 6 $ara %$erar e! *! a'&ie!te /*,et% a *! c%!ti!*% ca'&i%.

C"!')")

Para R=%"> E.G. 2010. La ca#i"a" *ier %ra!izaci!

6 a t%"%/ #%/ !i-e#e/ "e #a 'i/'a= 6 >*e a1ecta a t%"a/ #a/ $er/%!a/ 6 a t%"%/ #%/

$r%ce/%/.

La ca#i"a" /e *e

a>*e# /er-ici% % $r%"*ct% 1*!ci%!e ta# 6 c%'% !%/%tr%/ >*era'%/ 6 $ara rea#izar

a>*e##a tarea % /er-ici% >*e !%/ tie!e >*e rea#izar.


24/45

cribir texto]

O,%$'(/ )% !" C"!')")

E?i/te! "i-er/a/ raz%!e/ %&,eti-a/ >*e ,*/ti1ica! e/te i!ter/ $%r #a ca#i"a" 6 >*e

*e #a/ e'$re/a/ c%'$etiti-a/ /%! a>*e##a/ >*e c%'$arte!=

1*!"a'e!ta#'e!te= e/t%/ tre/ %&,eti-%/

a B*/car "e 1%r'a acti-a #a /ati/1acci! "e# c#ie!te= $ri%riza!"% e! /*/ %&,eti-%/ #a

/ati/1acci! "e /*/ !ece/i"a"e/ 6 e?$ectati-a/ K*e /ea! ca$ace/ "e $r%"*cir $r%"*ct%/ % /er-ici%/

"e a#ta ca#i"a".

G%/$'# )% C"!')") T($"!

P'!!(4> . 2006 e! /* art0c*#% /%&re ca#i"a"= 'a!i1ie/ta >*e #a Ge/ti! "e

Ca#i"a" T%ta#= /e re1iere a #a i'$#e'e!taci! "e *! $#a! e'$re/aria# &a/a"% e!

*! $r%ce"i'ie!t% "e ca#i"a" >*e i!-%#*cra a t%"%/ #%/ e'$#ea"%/= e/ "ecir *!a

e/trateia c%'$#eta $%r #a c*a# *! c%'$a80a e!tera */a t%"%/ #%/ rec*r/%/ $ara

/ati/1acer a /*/ &e!e1iciari%/ e! tr'i!%/ "e ca#i"a"= c%/t% 6 $#az%. Se "e&e

"e/arr%##ar *! Ve/$0rit* "e ca#i"a"V 6 t%"%/ "e&e! c%'$artir#% $ara >*e #a e/ti!

"e ca#i"a" t%ta# te!a ?it%.

C"!')") T($"! '!!'"& D%&'#

L*%> . 2010> !%/ '*e/tra *! re/*'e! "e# #i&r% F*era "e #a Cri/i/ *e /e e!tie!"e $%r

ca#i"a"= c%!ce$t% "i10ci# $ara #%/ %cci"e!ta#e/ 6 #% "eta##a "e #a /i*ie!te

'a!era

La "i1ic*#ta" e! "e1i!ir ca#i"a" e/ tra"*cir #a/ !ece/i"a"e/ 1*t*ra/ "e #%/

*/*ari%/ e! caracter0/tica/ 'e"ie/= /%#% a/0 *! $r%"*ct% $*e"e /er "i/e8a"% 6


25/45

cribir texto]

1a&rica"% $ara "ar /ati/1acci! a *! $reci% >*e e# c#ie!te $aar:. E/t% !% e/

1:ci#= 6 ta! $r%!t% c%'% *!% /e /ie!te e?it%/%= e!c*e!tra r:$i"a'e!te >*e #a/

!ece/i"a"e/ "e# c#ie!te *e e?$#icita 6 "eta##a $r%1*/a'e!te e/ #% >*e /e c%!%ce

c%'%

L(/ C"$(+% P4#$(/ D% D%&'#:

1. C(#/$"#'"

E# $r%$/it% e/ 'e,%rar c%!/ta!te'e!te #%/ $r%"*ct%/ 6 /er-ici%/ "e #a e'$re/a=

te!ie!"% c%'% %&,eti-% #a c%!/ec*ci! "e #a c%'$etiti-i"a" $er'a!ecie!"% e!

e# 'erca"% $ara $r%$%rci%!ar e'$#e% $%r 'e"i% "e #a i!!%-aci!= #a

i!-e/tiaci!= e# 'e,%ra'ie!t% c%!ti!*% 6 e# 'a!te!i'ie!t% a"ec*a"%.

2. N4%" F'!(/(5K"

Se trata "e a"%$tar *!a !*e-a 1i#%/%10a "e e'$re/a 6a >*e e/ta'%/ -i-ie!"% *!a

!*e-a era ec%!'ica K'*c


26/4526

cribir texto]

3. L" I#/*%'#

Se "e&e "e,ar "e "e$e!"er "e #a i!/$ecci! 'a/i-a $ara a#ca!zar #a ca#i"a"=

*e e#i'i!ar #a i!/$ecci! e! 'a/a a tra-/ "e #a i!teraci! "e# c%!ce$t%

"e ca#i"a" e! t%"% e# $r%ce/% "e $r%"*cci!= #% c*a# a'i!%ra c%/t%/ 6 $er'ite

a*'e!tar ca#i"a".

6. L"/ C(&*+"/

a6 >*e e#i'i!ar #a $r:ctica "e c%'$rar &a/:!"%/e e?c#*/i-a'e!te e! e#

$reci%= 6a >*e #%/ "e$arta'e!t%/ "e c%'$ra/ tie!"e! a e#eir a# $r%-ee"%r

c%! #%/ $reci%/ ':/ &a,%/. E! /* #*ar= /e "e&e! c%!ce!trar e/1*erz%/ e!

'i!i'izar #%/ c%/t%/ t%ta#e/= crea!"% re#aci%!e/ /#i"a/ 6 "*ra"era/ c%! *!

/%#% $r%-ee"%r $ara ca"a 'ateria $ri'a= &a/:!"%/e e! #a 1i"e#i"a" 6 #a

c%!1ia!za.

8. M%(+"&'%#$( C(#$'#4(

La &/>*e"a $%r 'e,%rar "e&e /er c%!ti!*a= !% '%'e!t:!ea !i e/t:tica= /e

"e&e! 'e,%rar #%/ $r%ce/%/ $r%"*cti-%/= e# /er-ici% 6 #a $#a!eaci!= a"e':/

#a a"'i!i/traci! "e&e $r%$e!"er $%r #a 'i!i'izaci! "e c%/t%/ a tra-/ "e

#a re"*cci! "e $r"i"a/ 6 'er'a/ 6 $r%"*ct%/ "e1ect*%/%/.

. E#$+%#"&'%#$(

Se "e&e i!/tit*ir e# e!tre!a'ie!t% 6 #a ca$acitaci! "e #%/ tra&a,a"%re/

c%'% *!a "e #a/ tarea/ "e# "iari% ac%!tecer= c%! e/t% !% /#% /e c%!/i*e!

'e,%re/ e'$#ea"%/ /i!% 'a6%re/ re/*#ta"%/ e! c*a!t% a ca#i"a" 6 c%/t%/.

. L')%+"(

La/ %ra!izaci%!e/ "e&e! a"%$tar e i!/tit*ir e# #i"eraz%= "e 'a!era >*e #a

#a&%r "e #%/ /*$er-i/%re/ % ,e1e/ !% /e #i'ite a "ar r"e!e/ % i'$artir

ca/ti%/= /i!% >*e ':/ &ie! /e c%!-ierta e! *! %rie!ta"%r >*e #e a6*"e a #a


27/45

cribir texto]

e!te a *e &%rrar #%/ /#%a!/ % #a/ 1ra/e/ $ree/taeci"a/= e/t%/ !% /ir-e! 6 #%

>*e ca*/a! e/ re#aci%!e/ a"-er/a/ >*e re"*!"a! e! $r"i"a/ "e

c%'$etiti-i"a" 6 ca#i"a".

11. C4($"/

De&e! e#i'i!ar/e #a/ c*%ta/ !*'rica/= ta!t% $ara tra&a,a"%re/ c%'% $ara

ere!te/. La/ c*%ta/ /#% t%'a! e! c*e!ta #%/ !'er%/= !% #%/ $r%ce/%/= #%/'t%"%/ % #a ca#i"a" 6 $%r #% e!era# /e c%!/tit*6e! e! ara!t0a "e &a,a

ca#i"a" 6 a#t%/ c%/t%/. La/ c*%ta/ /e "e&e! /*/tit*ir c%! #i"eraz%=

12. L(+(/ P%+/(#"!%/

a6 >*e "erri&ar #a/ &arrera/ >*e >*ita! a #a/ $er/%!a/ e# %r*##% >*e #e/

$r%"*ce /* tra&a,%= e#i'i!a!"% #%/ /i/te'a/ "e c%'$araci! % "e 'rit%/=

e/t%/ /i/te'a/ /#% acarrea! !er-i%/i/'% 6 "i/$*ta/ i!ter!a/.


28/45

cribir texto]

13. C"*"'$"'#

Se "e&e e/taecer *! $r%ra'a i!ter!% "e e"*caci! 6 a*t% 'e,%ra'ie!t%

$ara ca"a >*ie!= *e $er'itir #a $artici$aci! "e #a e!te e! #a e#ecci!"e #a/ :rea/ "e "e/arr%##%

16 T+"#/5(+&"'#

T%"%/= a&/%#*ta'e!te t%"%/ #%/ 'ie'&r%/ "e #a %ra!izaci! "e&e!

e/1%rzar/e $%r a#ca!zar #a tra!/1%r'aci! e! c*a!t% a ca#i"a"= $r%ce/%/=

$r%"*ct%/ 6 /er-ici%/= #a tra!/1%r'aci! e/ e# tra&a,% "e t%"%/= $er% e/% /0=

*e &a/ar/e e! *! e>*i$% >*e re!a c%!"ici%!e/ /*1icie!te/ "e

ca$aci"a" 6 #i"eraz%.

A*!>*e !% e/ 1:ci# i'$#e'e!tar e/t%/ c%!/e,%/= e/ i'$%rta!te >*e /ea!

te!i"%/ e! c*e!ta 6 a/0 /ea #e!ta'e!te= a$#icar#%/ e! #a/ %ra!izaci%!e/.

T#'"/ A"#")"/ )% G%/$'# )% C"!')")

E!tre #a/ tc!ica/ a-a!za"a/ "e e/ti! "e ca#i"a" /e $*e"e 'e!ci%!ar #a//i*ie!te/

B%#=&"+'#

E# Be!c


29/45

cribir texto]

c Re$re/e!ta '*c


30/4530

cribir texto]

M()%!(/ )% C"!')")

M()%!( PDCA C'!( )% D%&'#

P'!!(4> 2006 !%/ e?$#ica >*e *!% "e #%/ $ri!ci$i%/ &:/ic%/ "e #a ca#i"a"

e/ #a $re-e!ci! 6 #a/ 'e,%ra/ c%!ti!*a/. E/t% /i!i1ica >*e #a ca#i"a" e/ *!

$r%6ect% i!ter'i!ae= c*6% %&,eti-% e/ "etectar "i/1*!ci%!e/ ta! r:$i"%

c%'% /ea $%/ie "e/$*/ "e >*e %c*rra!. A/0= #a ca#i"a" $*e"e

re$re/e!tar/e e! *! cic#% "e acci%!e/ c%rrecti-a/ 6 $re-e!ti-a/ ##a'a"%

Vcic#% "e De'i!V

De'i! !%/ $re/e!ta /* '%"e#% % Cic#% PDCA>*e

C%!/i/te e! *!a /erie "e c*atr% e#e'e!t%/ >*e /e ##e-a! a ca&%

/*ce/i-a'e!te= 6 /e ##a'a PDCA $%r>*e /e re1iere a #a/ i!icia#e/ "e# i!#/

"e #%/ /i*ie!te/ c*atr% $a/%/

P.- P!"# PLANEAR: e/taecer#%/ $#a!e/.

D.- D( HACER: ##e-ar a ca&%#%/ $#a!e/.

C.- C=% VERIFICAR: -eri1icar /i #%/ re/*#ta"%/ c%!c*er"a! c%! #%

$#a!ea"%.

A.- A$ ACTUAR: act*ar $ara c%rreir #%/ $r%e'a/ e!c%!tra"%/=

$re-er $%/ie/ $r%e'a/= 'a!te!er 6 'e,%rar.


31/4531

cribir texto]

P ! " #' 5 ' " += $r%ra'ar #a/ acti-i"a"e/ >*e /e -a! a e'$re!"er. C%!/i/te

e! a!a#izar= i"e!ti1icar :rea/ "e 'e,%ra= e/taecer 'eta/= %&,eti-%/ 6't%"%/ $ara a#ca!zar#%/ 6 e#a&%rar *! $#a! "e act*aci! $ara #a

'e,%ra.

D % /" ++ ( !! "+ K*e

/ie'$re


32/45

cribir texto]

Me,%ra 6 a$re!"iza,e %ra!izati-%.

Partici$aci! 6 "e/arr%##% "e# $er/%!a#.

Ra$i"ez e! #a re/$*e/ta.

Ca#i"a" e! e# "i/e8% 6 e! #a $re-e!ci!.

i/i! a #ar% $#az% "e# 1*t*r%.

Ge/ti! &a/a"a e! "at%/ 6 * $r%$%rci! t%"%/=

$er% a&/%#*ta'e!te t%"%/ #%/ $r%ce/%/ "e #a e'$re/a e/t:! e!1%ca"%/ a &ri!"ar

/ati/1acci! a# c#ie!te.


33/4533

cribir texto]

6. I#5(+&"'# < A#J!'/'/ e?a'i!a #a e/ti!= e# e'$#e% e1icaz= e# a!:#i/i/ "e

"at%/ e i!1%r'aci! >*e a$%6a #%/ $r%ce/%/ c#a-e/ "e #a %ra!izaci! 6 e#

re!"i'ie!t% "e #a %ra!izaci!.

8. E#5(4% "! R%4+/( H4&"#( e?a'i!a! c%'% #a %ra!izaci! $er'ite a /*

'a!% "e %&ra "e/arr%##ar /* $%te!cia# 6 c%'% e# rec*r/% . 2006> !%/ e?$#ica e# '%"e#% EFM $%r e?ce#e!cia >*e e/t:

&a/a"% e! *! c%!ce$t% >*e c%!/i/te e! e-a#*ar #a ca#i"a" "e ac*er"% a *!

criteri% "e 9 $*!t%/

Li"eraz%

A"'i!i/traci! "e e'$#ea"%/

P%#0tica 6 e/trateia

S%cie"a"e/ 6 rec*r/%/

Pr%ce/%/

Sati/1acci! "e# e'$#ea"%

Sati/1acci! "e# c#ie!te


34/45

cribir texto]

I!teraci! e! #a c%'*!i"a"

Re/*#ta"%/ %$erati-%/

E/t%/ criteri%/ e/t:! e>*i#i&ra"%/ 6 /e "i-i"e! e! "%/ cate%r0a/ Fact%re/ K>*ec%rre/$%!"e! a #%/ $ri'er%/ ci!c% $*!t%/ 6 Re/*#ta"%/ K#%/ #ti'%/ c*atr% "e

'%"% >*e *!a c%'$a80a $*e"e c*a!ti1icar e# !i-e# "e ca#i"a" a#ca!za"% 6

/it*ar/e a /0 'i/'a e! re#aci! c%! #a/ "e':/ e'$re/a/.

F4#)"&%#$(/ )%! &()%!( EFM

U!i-er/i"a" "e Sa#a'a!ca= Ca'$*/ "e E?ce#e!cia I!ter!aci%!a#. K27.

E# M%"e#% EFM "e E?ce#e!cia tie!e c%'% %&,eti-% a6*"ar a #a/

%ra!izaci%!e/ Ke'$re/aria#e/ % "e %tr%/ ti$%/ a c%!%cer/e 'e,%r a /0

'i/'a/ 6= e! c%!/ec*e!cia= a 'e,%rar /* 1*!ci%!a'ie!t%.

E# '%"e#% EFM "e e?ce#e!cia tie!e c%'%


35/45

cribir texto]

Fundamento

Epistemolgico

Abarca a las organizaciones de forma

global.Se analizan los distintos niveles, seestudian los procesos y se insertan en eltodo al que pertenecen.

Fundamento

Metodolgico

La realidad se analiza desde datos yevidencias.

Es un procedimiento cientfico y auto !

correctivo.

"evaloriza la #tica de la responsabilidad.

Fundamento

$tico

%usca la satisfaccin de las personas queintervienen en el proceso.

Subraya la ad&esin del personalimplicado a un proyecto colectivo e

individual de me'ora.

El modelo remite a la idea de una organizacin eficaz, operativa,

evaluable y capaz de responder a su misin

C"+"$%+K/$'"/ )%! &()%!( EFM

E# '%"e#% EFM /e caracter0/tica/ $%r>*e

Per'ite e/taecer *! 'arc% "e re1ere!cia % e?ce#e!cia #%&a#= >*e rec%e #a/

$a*ta/ % $r:ctica/ >*e "e&e /e*ir *!a %ra!izaci! >*e >*iere "iriir/e


36/45

P%/i&i#ita= e! c*a#>*ier '%'e!t%= %&te!er *!a -i/i! "e #a /it*aci! e! >*e /e

e!c*e!tra #a %ra!izaci! e i"e!ti1icar #%/ #%r%/ a#ca!za"%/ e! ca"a *!a "e

#a/:rea/ "e 'e,%ra.

Fa-%rece #a 1%r'aci! e i'$#icaci! "e #%/ 'ie'&r%/ e! #a 'e,%ra c%!ti!*a.

O$+(/ M()%!(/

Se! #a N%r'a ISO. K2+

ISO 000: C%!tie!e #a/ "irectrice/ e!era#e/ $ara e# */% "e #a /erie "e !%r'a/

$ara e# a/e*ra'ie!t% "e #a ca#i"a". I!"ica! #a 1%r'a "e e/taecer *!

e!t%r!% "e ca#i"a" t%ta#= a&arca!"% #a ")&'#'/$+"'# )% "!')")= #a $%#0tica

"e ca#i"a" 6 #a 1%r'a "e 1i,ar *! /i/te'a "e ca#i"a"= $ara #% c*a# "icta *!

$r%ce/% "e acre"itaci! "e "iez $a/%/

+. Ca$acitaci! ere!cia#

2. E#a&%raci! $%r e/crit% "e *!a $%#0tica "e ca#i"a"

). N%'&ra'ie!t% "e *! re$re/e!ta!te "e ca#i"a"

5. I"e!ti1icaci! "e re/$%!/a&i#i"a"e/

;. I"e!ti1icaci! "e $r%ce/%/ e'$re/aria#e/

3. E#a&%raci! $%r e/crit% "e *! 'a!*a# "e ca#i"a"

4. Pr%ce"i'ie!t%/ "e e/crit*ra

7. I!/tr*cci%!e/ "e tra&a,% $%r e/crit%

9. Ca$acitaci! e! #a 1%r'a "e *ti#izar e# /i/te'a

+. I'$#a!taci!

ISO 001 E/ e# "eta##e "e *! /i/te'a "e ca#i"a". I'$#ica *! '%"e#% $ara

a/e*rar #a ca#i"a" "e "i/e8%= "e/arr%##%= $r%"*cci!= i!/ta#aci! 6 /er-ici%

$%/t-e!ta "e# $r%"*ct%.

ISO 002: M%"e#% $ara #a $r%"*cci! 6 #a i!/ta#aci! c*a!"% /%! re#e-a!te/ $ara

e# /*'i!i/tra"%r= e# c*a# "e&e a/e*rar/e >*e /e c*'$#a! /*/ re>*i/it%/ ISO


37/45

003 E/ *! '%"e#% $ara e# a/e*ra'ie!t% "e #a ca#i"a" e! #a i!/$ecci! 6

#%/ e!/a6%/ 1i!a#e/

ISO 006 De/cri&e *! c%!,*!t% &:/ic% "e e#e'e!t%/ c%! #%/ c*a#e/ $%"e'%/"e/arr%##ar e i'$#a!tar *! /i/te'a "e e/ti! "e #a ca#i"a". E/ *!a !%r'a

re1eri"a a #a $r%"*cci!

ISO 006-2 !%r'a >*e /e re1iere a #a %/$'# )% !" "!')") 6 a #%/ e#e'e!t%/ "e#

/i/te'a= e/$ec01ica'e!te e! e# /ect%r /er-ici%/.

3.3. M"+( C(#%*$4"!

D%5'#''# D% L" M'+( Y P%4%?" E&*+%/" MYPE

Se "e1i!e c%'% 'icr% 6 $e>*e8a e'$re/a a #a *!i"a" ec%!'ica= /ea !at*ra# %

,*r0"ica= c*a#>*iera /ea /* 1%r'a "e= %ra!izaci! >*e tie!e c%'% %&,et%

"e/arr%##ar acti-i"a"e/ "e e?tracci!= tra!/1%r'aci!= $r%"*cci!=

c%'ercia#izaci! "e &ie!e/ % $re/taci! "e /er-ici%.

C"+"$%+K/$'"/ )% !" M'+( Y P%4%?" E&*+%/"

MICRO EMPRESA

A&arca "e + tra&a,a"%r


38/45

2. Per'ite *!a i!-er/i! i!icia# $e>*e8a 6 $er'ite e# acce/% a e/trat%/ "e &a,%/

rec*r/%/

). P*e"e $%te!cia#'e!te c%!/tit*ir/e e! a$%6% i'$%rta!te a #a ra! e'$re/a.Ktercerizaci!.

V%#$""/

La/ '6$e/ /e c%!/tit*6e! c%'% $er/%!a/ ,*r0"ica/ 'e"ia!te e/crit*ra $ica

/i! e?iir #a $re/e!taci! "e #a 'i!*ta.

Re"*cci! "e c%/t%/ rei/tra#e/ 6 !%taria#e/.

La/ '*!ici$a#i"a"e/ e! *! $#az% ':?i'% "e 4 "0a/ #e %t%ra! #a #ice!cia "e1*!ci%!a'ie!t% $r%-i/i%!a# $re-ia c%!1%r'i"a" "e #a z%!i1icaci! 6

c%'$ati&i#i"a" "e */% c%rre/$%!"ie!te.

La #ice!cia $r%-i/i%!a# tie!e "*raci! "e +2 'e/e/.

6. METODOLOGIA:

6.1 T'*( < #'%! )% !" '#%/$'"'#". E# ti$% "e i!-e/tiaci! /er: c*a!titati-%= $*e/t% >*e /e -a! a *ti#izar tc!ica/

"e c%!te% 6 "e 'e"ici!.

,. E# !i-e# "e i!-e/tiaci! /er: "e/cri$ti-%= 6a >*e /e $rete!"e c%'$re!"er=

"e/cri&ir= rei/trar= a!a#izar e i!ter$retar #a !at*ra#eza act*a# 6 #a c%'$%/ici! %

$r%ce/%/ "e #%/ 1e!'e!%/ "e# $r%e'a $#a!tea"%.

6.2 D'/%?( )% !" '#%/$'"'#

Para #a e#a&%raci! "e# $re/e!te tra&a,% "e i!-e/tiaci! /e *ti#izar: e# "i/e8%

!% e?$eri'e!ta# tra!/-er/a# "e/cri$ti-%.

o N% e?$eri'e!ta#= $%r>*e /e rea#izar: /i! %$erar $re'e"ita"a'e!te #a/

-ariae/= e/ "ecir= /e %&/er-ar: e# 1e!'e!% ta# c%'% /e e!c*e!tra "e!tr% "e

/* c%!te?t%.


39/45

o E/ Tra!/-er/a#= $%r>*e e# e/t*"i% /e rea#izar: e! *! "eter'i!a"% e/$aci% "e

tie'$%

o De/cri$ti-%= $%r>*e /#% /e "e/cri&ir:! #a/ $arte/ ':/ re#e-a!te/ "e #a/

-ariae/ e! e/t*"i%.

6.3 E! 4#'%+/( ( *(,!"'#

POBLACION

La $%aci! e/tar: c%!/tit*i"a $%r t%"a/ #a/ MYPES "e# /ect%r c%!/tr*cci! "e#

Di/trit% "e C


40/4540

8. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS:

A##'&(> %)'$(+. 2011. La 1%r'a#izaci! "e #a/ MYPES '%!%ra10a e! i!ter!et[.

cita"a 2++ Oct. ;[. A#re"e"%r "e + $ai!a[. Di/$%!ie "e/"e

< tt $ JJ# are - i / t a .a >$/% # * c i%! e /.c % 'J 2++ J ) J +4 J# a1 % r ' a #i z ac i %! " e # a / ' 6 $ e J

A!(#/(> L. Y.> H%+#J#)%> P. 200. C'% crear -e!ta,a c%'$etiti-a "e/"e *!

e!1%>*e "e Direcci! E/tratica= Te/i/ "iita#e/ $"1[ Te/i/ Lice!ciat*ra.

A"'i!i/traci! "e E'$re/a/. De$arta'e!t% "e A"'i!i/traci! "e E'$re/a/ 6

Merca"%tec!ia= E/c*e#a "e Ne%ci%/ 6 Ec%!%'0a= U!i-er/i"a" "e #a/ A'rica/

P*ea "i/$%!ie e! c%!/*#ta"% e# ) "e !%-ie'&re "e# 2++[

B%!($/%+(/' R. 2008 I!-e/tiaci! 6 "e/arr%##% "e *! taer% "e 'a!"% $ara

#a e/ti! e'$re/aria# &a/a"% e! e# /i/te'a "e e/ti! e/tratica Ba#a!ce"

Sc%recar"= Te/i/ $ara %$tar e# tit*#% "e I!e!ier% I!"*/tria#[= Li'a= P%!ti1icia

U!i-er/i"a" Cat#ica De# Per=

B+(#"#(> N. R. 1. A"'i!i/traci! 6 e/ti! ere!cia#. Me'%ria $ara %$tar e#

T0t*#% "e C%!ta"%r Pic%= E/c*e#a Pr%1e/i%!a# "e C%!ta&i#i"a"= U!i-er/i"a"Cat#ica L%/ \!e#e/ "e C


41/45

L*% . 2010. C*#t*ra Ora!izaci%!a#. E?tra0"% e# ) 1e&rer%= 2+) "e# /iti% e& "e

#a U!i-er/i"a" "e P#a6a A!c E. 2002. Creaci! "e *!a e/trateia "e ca#i"a" e! e# /er-ici% a$#ica"% a

*! *e8%. Te/i/ "iita#e/ $"1[Te/i/ Lice!ciat*ra. A"'i!i/traci! "e

E'$re/a/. De$arta'e!t% "e A"'i!i/traci! "e E'$re/a/= E/c*e#a "e Ne%ci%/=

U!i-er/i"a" "e #a/ A'rica/ P*ea "i/$%!ie e! c%!/*#ta"% e# )"e !%-ie'&re

P'#( R. 2007. La re#aci! e!tre e# /ect%r i!"*/tria# 6 e# ta'a8% "e E'$re/a c%! #a/

$r:ctica/ "e #a ca#i"a" t%ta# 6 e# De/e'$e8% %ra!izaci%!a#= Te/i/ $ara %&te!er e#

ra"% "e "%ct%r e! a"'i!i/traci! e/tratica "e e'$re/a/[= S*rc%= P%!ti1icia

U!i-er/i"a" Cat#ica De# Per=

P'!!(4> . 2006. Ca#i"a" E?tra0"% e# ) 1e&rer%= 2+)= "e

= $$ * : %/.'(/ %".#%$ ( # $%# $ /M4 "!'$% M 4 "!'$%-'#$+( )4$'( # .*=* 3

P'!!(4> .2006. EFM F*!"aci! E*r%$ea $ara #a Ge/ti! "e #a Ca#i"a". E?tra0"%e# ) 1e&rer% 2+)= "e

= $$ * : %/.'(/ %".#%$ ( # $%# $ /M4 "!'$% %5 M & .*=* 3

R%,(!!%)(> G. /.5.. Ge/ti!= ca#i"a" 6 areaci! "e -a#%r e! i!1%r'aci!. E?tra0"%e# 7 1e&rer%= 2+)= "e < t t $ JJ &).& i & #i % t ec % # % i a .c #J ar e / ti %!.< t '

R=%"> E. G. 2010. Ma!*a# "e e/ti! "e ca#i"a" $ara e# "e$arta'e!t% "e a/*!t%/

$ic%/ "e #a "irecci! $r%-i!cia# "e /a#*" "e I'&a&*ra Kca$. 2. E?tra0"% e# ++

1e&rer%= 2+) "e# /iti% e& "e #a U!i-er/i"a" Tc!ica "e# N%rte


42/45

= $$ * : ./ ' // ( # $ " $ .( + .* % ) ( 4 !'# % " * + (/ % '# / $ % / $ " * (G. E)'$(+ 200. Micr% 6 $e>*e8a e'$re/a MYPE '%!%ra10a e! i!ter!et[.

cita"a 2++ N%-. 7[. A#re"e"%r "e + $ai!a[. Di/$%!ie "e/"e

= $$ * : .& ( # ( + " 5 '"/. ( & $+ " , " (/1H & ' + ( - % & * +% /"#&'+(-%&*+%/"./=$&!

T"#$"/> L. O. 2010. Pri!ci$a#e/ caracter0/tica/ "e# 1i!a!cia'ie!t%= ca$acitaci! 6

c%'$etiti-i"a" "e #a/ MYPE/ "e# /ect%r c%'erci% r*&r% ti#e/ "e %1ici!a "e#

"i/trit% "e C


43/45

EOS: C+(#(+"&"

2 0 1 3

MES

CRONOGRAMA

1 2 3 6 1 2 3 6 1 2 3 6 1 2 3 6

Se reci&ia/e/%ra'ie!t% "e#

"%ce!te $ara #area#izaci! "e#$r%6ect% "ei!-e/tiaci!.

?

I"e!ti1icaci%! "e #a/-ariae/.

?

Deter'i!aci! "e#/ect%r 6 r*&r% a

e/t*"iar.^

tit*#% "e# $r%6ect%"e i!-e/tiaci!.

^

&*/>*e"a "ei!1%r'aci!$ara

$#a!tea'ie!t% "e#$r%e'a T

caracterizaci!.

^ ^

Se "eter'i!% e#e!*!cia"% "e#

$r%e'a.^

Se 1i,% e# %&,eti-%e!era# 6 #%/re/$ecti-%/%&,eti-%/

e/$ec01ic%/.

?

Se rea#iz% #a,*/ti1icaci! "e #a

i!-e/tiaci!.? ?

ENERO FEBRERO MARZO ABRIL


44/45

Se rec%$i#%i!1%r'aci!$ara#a e,ec*ci! "e# ? ?'arc% teric% 6

c%!ce$t*a#.

Se 1%r'*#% #a


45/45

PRESUPUESTO:

CONCEPTO VALOR

A/e/%ra'ie!t% 5GG.GG

Pa/a,e/ ;G.GG

I!ter!et 5G.GG

I'$re/i! De# Pr%6ect% +5.GG

A!i##a"% ).GG

Otr%/ 2G.GG

TOTAL 82.00

trabajo de investigacion de las mypes

Documents