Tr li cu hi v gaslift

B mn khoan khai thc du kh

Tr li cu hi v gasliftCu 1: Th no l p sut khi ng? p sut lm vic?

* p sut khi ng: L p sut ln nht trong qu trnh khi ng ti thi im mc cht lng c p ti ng nng.

* p sut lm vic: Ti thi im kh bt u vo ng nng, p sut khi ng s gim v khi n gn ming ng nng, hn hp cht lng c lu lng ln hn s y ct cht lng trn n ra khi ng nng lm cho p sut ng nng gim t ngt xung gi tr min. Sau p sut tng dn n gi tr nht nh v khng i trong sut qu trnh khai thc, p sut ti thi im ny c gi l p sut lm vic.

( chnh l p sut ti van lm vic, v c biu hin trn ng h o p trn mt)

Cu 2: p sut khi ng ph thuc vo nhng yu t no?

Cu trc h thng ng khai thc

T trng ca cht lng

Chiu su nhn chm ca ng nng

Ch khai thc

Cu 3: Ti sao phi lm gim p sut khi ng? C my phng php lm gim?

p sut khi ng lin quan trc tip n lu lng ca ging, d dng thy rng chiu su nhng chm ca ng nng cng ln th lu lng khai thc cng cao khi m p sut ca ngun kh khng hn ch. Vn y l p sut my nn kh th c hn trong khi cc ging m vi chiu su ln i hi p sut khi ng phi cao th cc my nn kh khng p ng c. Chnh v vy m cc nh thit k tm cch gim p sut khi ng.* Hin ti m Bch H cc ging khai thc ngi ta thng dng cu trc 1 ct ng , theo th p sut khi ng s c tnh theo cng thc:

Trong : ( - l t trng ca cht lng trong ging

h - l chiu su nhn chm ca ng nng

D, d - ng knh ng khai thc v ng nng.

Theo cng thc ny, gim p sut khi ng ngi ta c th gim (, h, D hoc tng d. Vic gim D v tng d lin quan n kch thc ca ging v ng nng iu ny rt kh khn v phc tp. Chnh v th gim p sut khi ng ngi ta tp trung vo gim ( v h. Xut pht t ngi ta c cc phng php sau:

+ Gim (: - Phng php nn ng thi hn hp kh

+ Gim h: - Phng php nn p cht lng vo va.

Phng php piston ho

Phng php nn o chiu

Phng php h dn ct ng nng.

Phng php mupta thi

Phng php t van Gaslift

Ngoi ra ngi ta c th chuyn t ch khai thc trung tm sang vnh xuyn Cu 4: Thit b ming ging gm nhng b phn no? c my loi?

Thit b ming ging gm 3 b phn chnh:

+ u ng chng: l b phn cui cng ca thit b ming ging, mc ch l lin kt tt c cc ng chng v bt kn cc khong khng gian vnh xuyn gia cc ng chng, ng thi l k t ca cy thng khai thc

+ u ng treo: dng treo ng nng v bt kn khong khng gia ng nng v ng bm p, n cn truyn dn vo khong khng vnh xuyn nc, du , kh, dung dch dp ging hoc cc ho phm khc trong qu trnh kch thch ging phun bng gaslift hoc trong qu trnh x l ging.

+ Cy thng khai thc: y l b phn quan trng nht ca thit b ming ging, n nm trn cng ca thit b ming ging dng o, kim tra v iu chnh ch khai thc v hng dng sn phm n cm phn dng * Phn loi : Hin nay ngi ta phn loi theo 3 cch chnh:

+ Theo p sut lm vic(gm 7 loi): 70, 140, 210, 250, 350, 700, 1000at.

+ Theo s lng ct ng chng k thut:

Loi 3, 4, 5, 6 ct ng (thng l 5 v 6)

+ Theo hnh dng cy thng: Loi trc 3 v trc 4

* u ging trc 3:

+ u im:

Khi trc 3 b hng ngi ta c th chuyn ging sang lm vic ph do ta c th thay th hoc sa cha m khng cn ng ging.

Dng cho ging m sn phm khai thc c ln ct.

+ Nhc im:

Thit b cao, cng knh kh khc phc.

* u ging trc 4:

+ u im: cng knh, d vn hnh v bo dng.

+ Nhc im: Khi trc 4 hng ta phi ng ging thay th, sa chaCu 5: Thit b ming ging Gaslift khc thit b ming ging t phun v in chm?

V c bn th thit b ming ging Gaslift v in chm u ging thit b ming ging t phun.Tuy nhin TBMG Gaslift ngi ta cn b sung thm h thng phn phi kh v ng ng Gaslift.

Tng t trong khai thc bng bm in chm ngi ta phi b tr thm h thng my bin th v trm phn phi in cung cp cho my bm in chm hot ng.

Cu 6: Bn cht ca phng php Gaslift:

Ngi ta bm kh nn vo ng bm p, cht lng trong ging b y xung, mt phn vo va cn phn ln cht lng vo trong ng nng.

Khi kh n gn chn ng nng, p sut tng dn nn v t gi tr ln nht ti chn ng nng.

Sau khi kh nn ti chn ng nng n s chui vo trong ng nng v ho trn vi cht lng trong ng, n s lm:

Gim t trng ca cht lng ( (P tng nn to iu kin cho cht lng chy t va vo ging.

Trong qu trnh kh nn i t chn n ming ng nng, kh s n ra v tng nng lng a cht lng t y ln ming.

Cu 7: Ti sao li chn phng php Gaslift khai thc cc ging du ca em?

Khi khai thc t phun khng cn hiu qu na, ta ch c quyn chn phng php c hc Gaslift v bm in chm

+ i vi my bm in chm:

Sau khi qu trnh t phun khng hiu qu, lng kh ng hnh vn nhiu, hiu sut lm vic ca my bm khng cao. Trong khi phng php gaslift li rt hiu qu.

Ging khai thc chiu su ln, do m nhit ca cht lng ln lm nh hng n bn ca my bm. Ging cn c hm lng ca cht rn nh ct, parafin rt c hi cho bn ca my bm.

V nhng l do quan trng m em chon phng php Gaslift bi v Gaslift c nhng u im sau:

C th p dng ngay sau qu trnh t phun km hiu qu.

Cu trc b thit b lng ging n gin, khng c chi tit chng hng.

Khai thc c nhng ging su v nghing ln.

Kh c yu t kh cao v p sut bo ho ln.

Khai thc c lu lng ln v iu chnh lu lng khai thc.

C th khai thc c nhng ging c nhit cao, c hm lng parafin ln, ging c ct v tnh n mn cao.

X l v kho st ging thun li, khng cn ko ct ng ln m c th a dng c qua n kho st.

S dng trit kh ng hnh.

t gu nhim mi trng.

C th khai thc ng thi tng va trong cng mt ging.

Cu 8: Phng php Gaslift v Airlift khc nhau nh th no, thay i 2 phng php c c khng?

- Phng php khai thc Gaslift l ngi ta s dng kh du nn xung ging .- Phng php khai thc Airlift l ngi ta s dng khng kh nn xung ging.V bn cht th 2 phng php ny khng c g khc nhau

+ i vi phng php Gaslift th kh c ho tan trong du tt hn, c tnh tng hp vi du.

+ i vi phng php Airlift:

Trong khng kh c Oxy do s oxy ho vi du lm cho t trng du tng ln, nht tng ln di chuyn ca cht lng kh khn v th m hiu qu khai thc khng cao.

Bn thn khng kh c th tc ng vi mt s thnh phn ca du to thnh keo nh(parafin v hc n) lm tng ngng kt do m vn chuyn ca cht lng khng tt.

Khng kh c th tc ng vi nc va c ln trong du to thnh nhng cht lng khng ho tan bn vng hoc to thnh mt s mui lng ng.

Khng kh lm tng s n mn dng c v thit b.

Khng kh c th to thnh Oxt Fe2+ v Fe3+ gy tc ng ng. V l do m vic s dng phng php Airlift l bt c d. Tuy nhin nu ta khc phc c cc nhc im trn th vn c th s dng phng php Airlift.

Phng php Airlift thng dng trong khai thc nc, khi yu cu sn phm khng cao.Cu 9: Trong khai thc Gaslift, ngun kh nn ly u, yu cu i vi kh nn nh th no?

* Trong khai thc Gaslift ngun kh nn c th l kh ng hnh hoc t cc va kh chng c a trc tip xung ging hoc thng qua my nn kh.

* Yu cu i vi kh nn:

- Kh nhng thnh phn c hi.

- Khng gy ra s n mn thit b v dng c

- Kh phi c lm sch khi bi, m: dng bnh tch v bnh sy kh.

- Kh khng tc dng vi nc trong va (c ln trong sn phm du) to thnh cc cht lng khng ho tan bn vng hoc to thnh mt s mui lng ng.

- C tnh tng hp vi kh va.

- Khng tc dng vi mt s ca du to ra keo v hc n.

Cu 10: Nu qu trnh khi ng ging?

Khi ta bm kh nn vo trong ging cht lng vng vnh xuyn vo trong ng nng qua cc van Gaslift ang m. Cht lng khong khng vnh xuyn s t t gim xung v mc cht lng trong ng nng s t t tng ln.

Khi mc cht lng t ti van th nht, kh nn s i qua van ny vo ng nng, lm t trng ct cht lng t van ny tr ln gim i, p sut trong ng nng cng gim theo. Do mc cht lng khong khng vnh xuyn tip tc gim cn bng vi p sut trong ng nng.

Khi mc cht lng gim ti van th 2 th kh nn s qua van 2 vo ng nng, t trng ct cht lng t van 2 tr ln s gim. Kh nn vo ng nng qua van 1 v 2 lm p sut ngoi cn gim i v khi p sut ngoi cn ti van 1 gim n ngng ( gi tr p sut ng van ) th van 1 s ng li v qu trnh khi ng li tip tc nh th cho n khi mc cht lng t ti van lm vic.Cu 11: T trng l g? Yu t kh hiu dng, Yu t kh sn phm?

T trng: L t s gia trng lng ring ca cht lng c th l ca du so vi nc hoc ca cht kh so vi khng kh.

T trng khng th nguyn.

Yu t kh hiu dng: Khi p sut va ln hn p sut bo ho th va thng khng c m kh. Khi p sut bo ho ln hn p sut y ging th s c kh tch ra khi trong qu trnh dng sn phm chy t va vo ging.

Trong qu trnh khai thc p sut va gim dn n p sut bo ho th kh t do s vn chuyn cng vi du vo ging khoan.

Lng kh t do bt u tch trong qu trnh dng sn phm di chuyn t y ln n ming, n c ch gp phn vo vic di chuyn du v n c gi l yu t kh hiu dng.nh ngha: - Yu t kh hiu dng l th tch trung bnh ca kh t do tch ra t 1 tn khi lng cht lng sn phm dc thnh ng khai thc, trong qu trnh du di chuyn t y ln ming.

- Yu t kh sn phm: l th tch kh tch ra t 1 tn du khi gim p sut t p sut bo ho n p sut kh quyn.

Cu 12: H s nn Z? Xc nh p sut ti mt im trn ng nng.* h s nn Z hay cn gi l h s lch khi kh l tng ca kh thc. L t s gia th tch ca kh thc trn th tch ca kh l tng c cng khi lng.

N c xc nh trong phng trnh trng thi:

PV = ZnRT

* p sut ti 1 im trn ng nng c xc nh theo cng thc:

+ g.Cm.Cos(: thnh phn tn hao p sut do thay i cao

+ : thnh phn tn hao p sut do ma st+ : thnh phn tn hao p sut do qun tnh

+ V: Vn tc cht lng trong ng nng

+ Cm: Mt ca hn hp

+ d: ng knh ng nng

+(: Gc nghing ca ng nng so vi phng thng ng

+ L: Chiu di ng nng.Cu 13: Nhim v v nguyn l ca Van an ton su?

C 2 loi van:

Loi t ng ng m t di Paker

Nhim v : ng hoc m m bo an ton cho ging trong qu trnh khai thc khi c s thay i v tc cng nh v p sut ca dng chy. Loi van ny thng gy rc ri cho qu trnh khai thc: ng v .V th n t c s dng.

Loi ng m bng tay hoc t TSK : n c nhim v ng ging ngn dng sn phm khi c s thay i v p sut, vn tc gy nn s c phun t do hoc n c ng li khi c bo ng hoc cn sa cha cc thit b trn ming .

* Nguyn l ca van an ton trung tm: kh nn vi p sut cao c bm vo bung cha (2) qua l (6) kh nn ny y chi tit s (7) di chuyn xung pha di , l xo (3) c p li ng thi y chi tit s (4) di chuyn xung lm cho ca thng s (5) to c lu thng trong ng ng.

Khi p sut trn ng ng mt i l xo (3) s gin ra v y chi tit s (7) v v tr ban u, van s ng li.

* Van an ton su c t trong lng ging cch mt t t 80 100 m l do l :

- Nu van t trn mt t (cao hn mt y bin) th mc d van c ng c th khong cch t van n y bin vn cha c an ton c th p sut cao b v ng hoc b va chm cng gy v ng tc dng ca van khng cn na.

- Van t cch y bin 80-100m trnh xa s c c th xy ra gy nh hng n thit b v ngi lao ng trn gin khoan.

Tuy nhin van cng khng th t qu su gy nh hng ti vic iu khin van cng nh tn km cho vic chi ph ng dn.

Cu 14: Ti sao phi lp b b tr nhit?

Khi ta khai thc chiu su ln p sut v nhit cao lm cho thit b lng ging c th b co gin gy nn s cong, mo, xon ng.Chnh v th phi lp b b tr nhit khc phc nhng nhc im trn.

B b tr nhit ch c lp khi c Paker.

Khng phi b tr nhit no cng ging nhau, n ch ging nhau v nguyn l cn khong gin di khc nhau tu thuc vo nhit , chiu su ca ging.

Cu 15: Van ct nm u? Chc nng nhim v?

Van ct nm pha di Paker thu lc n c nhim v bt kn ng nng m Paker khi p sut t ti gi tr tnh trc v a Paker vo lm vic.

Sau khi s dng van ny bt kn ng nng trong trng hp p n Paker th van c ct b cho ri xung y ging bng cch tc ng mt lc ln theo tnh ton.

Van ct ch s dng 1 ln nu v l do no sau khi ct b van ct su m Paker vn cha m c th ngi ta phi t van ngc nhippen m Paker ln 2.

Cu 16: Cc phng php c hc ang p dng ti m Bch H?

Gaslift v bm ly tm in chm.

Cu 17: S ging v khc nhau gia qu trnh gi dng v khi ng ging Gaslift?

Ging nhau: V bn cht th 2 qu trnh ny u ging nhau tc l u gim p sut y nh hn p sut va to chnh p cho dng chy, chy t va vo y ging. Hai qu trnh ny u tin hnh gim ( v h.

Khc nhau: Trong gi dng ngi ta c th thc hin bng nhiu cch: thay nc l bng du, s dng b 2 pha hoc kh

Gi dng c th to ra p sut rt nh y ging khi thng c ging.

Trong khai thc Gaslift ngi ta ch ho trn kh vi cht lng trong ging v ch gim p sut mt gi tr nht nh.

Ngoi ra chng ta cn c mt im khc nhau na l: Sau khi kt thc qu trnh gi dng ngi ta chuyn sang khai thc cn i vi qa trnh khi ng ging sau khi khi ng xong vn tip tc lm vic theo phng php Gaslift.Cu 18: u nhc im ca phng php Gaslift khng dng my nn kh?

+ u im:

khng i hi u t ln, tn dng c p sut ca ging bn cnh do kinh t hn.

+ Nhc im:

Khng lu di khi m cc ging b tt p th chng ta s khng thu c kh cao p na.

Phng php ny mang tnh tm thi.

Khng c tnh h thng.

Khai thc khng n nh .

Cu 23: Gii thch phng php ng tm v song song khi khai thc bng Gaslift.

+ Phng php ng tm thc cht l phng php khai thc Gaslift theo ch trung tm.

+ Phng php song song cng nh phng php khai thc Gaslift theo ch vnh khuyn nhng kh nn c nn xung theo 1 ng ring bit. u im ca phng php ny l gim c p sut khi ng do tit din ng nh nhng c nhc im l thit b ming ging phc tp hn.

Cu 24: C my phng php khai thc Gaslift ? nu u nhc im ?

Cu 25: iu kin cn v khai thc Gaslift nh k? Thi gian inh k ngi ta tnh nh th no?

* iu kin cn l: Mc nc trong ging phi cho qu trnh khi ng ging.

* Phm vi ng dng:

- Ging c p sut y thp nhng c h s thu hi cao.- Ging c h s sn phm thp.

- Ging c lu lng khai thc nh.

- Ging c mc cht lng thp v chiu su ln.

* Thi gian nh k c tnh bng chu k bm p. Tc l t khi my nn kh bt u lm vic cho ti khi mc cht lng trong ging c phc hi ln 2. S chu k cng ln th kh nng phc hi ca ging cng cao.

Cu 26: Van Gaslift dng trong khai thc Gaslift lin tc c khc van Gaslift dng trong khai thc Gaslift nh k khng?

V chc nng th n c gi l nh k v lin tc cn v nguyn tc ch to th 2 loi van ny u ging nhau. Tuy nhin van Gaslift nh k c ch to c ng knh l van ln hn cho php 1 lng kh ln i qua trong 1 thi gian ngn.Cu 27: Nguyn tc tnh chiu su t van?Khi ta nn kh vi p sut cc i ca my bm th mc cht lng ngoi ng nng h xung 1 chiu su (h1) no . Ti v tr y th p sut trong ng nng v p sut ngoi ng nng cn bng nhau. Khi ngi ta s t van Gaslift th nht nm trn mc cht lng ny khong 10-20m to cho kh nn vo trong ng nng c d dng.Kh nn i qua van s (1) vo ng nng ho trn vi cht lng trong ng nng lm cho t trng cht lng trong ng nng t van (1) Tr ln gim i, cn bng p sut trong v ngoi cn b ph v mc cht lng ngoi ng nng li h xung ti v tr cn bng s 2 (h2) . ng theo nguyn tc 2 ngi ta t van Gaslift s 2 cch mc cht lng mi ny 10 20 m . Lc ny kh nn i vo ng nn qua c 2 van (1) v (2) . Do vy p sut kh nn ngoi cn gim xung, chnh lch p sut ti van 1 gim xung v gim n 1 gi tr no nh trc th van 1 s t ng ng li. Kh nn vo ng nng ch qua van 2, ct cht lng c trn kh trong ng nng tng ln ( t van 2 n van 1) lm cho p sut trong ng nng li gim, mc cht lng ngoi cn li tip tc gim xung v dng li (h3) v qu trnh c lp li nh trn.

Da vo nguyn tc ny ngi ta tnh ton c chiu su t van nh sau:

Pk : p sut kh nn ti van th (n)

Ptmin: p sut cht lng nh nht trong cn ti van th (n-1)

Cu 28 : Cc bc tin hnh thit k chiu su t van theo Camco?

Bc 1: Trn giy cam c lt lt v cc ng Gradien p sut v nhit :

ng GLR:

ng phn b p sut thu tnh.

ng p sut kh nn ngoi cn.

ng Gradien nhit kh nn ngoi cn

ng Gradien nhit ca kh nn trong cn.

Bc 2: TRn ng p sut thu tnh ngi ta chn 1 im sao cho p sut ti nh hn p sut ti giao im gia ng p sut thu tnh v ng p sut kh nn ngoi cn khong 50Psi (iu ny nhm mc ch to chn p kh nn i qua van vo trong ng khai thc c d dng).

Bc 3: K ng nm ngang song song vi trc p sut v i qu im va chn bc 2. ng thng ny ct trc su u th chnh l im cn t van s 1.Bc 4: T im p sut Pmin1 trn ng Gradien p sut ca hn hp cht lng trong cn ta k mt ng thng song song vi ng p sut thu tnh. Trn ta cng chn mt im cch giao im ca ng thng ny vi ng p sut kh nn ca van 1 khong 50 psi.

Bc 5: K ng nm ngang song song vi trc p sut v i qua im va chn bc 4. ng thng ny ct trc su u th chnh l v tr cn t van s 2. Tng t nh th ta tnh cho cc van tip theo.

Cu 29: Nu u nhc im ca phng php t phun?

+ u im:

Phng php ny dng nng lng bn thn ca va cho nn khng tn km v u t, lm tng hiu qu khai thc, gi thnh u t cho mt tn du nh.

Qu trnh vn hnh khai thc n gin, ch cn thay i lu lng bng cn cho ph hp vi nng lng va.

+ Nhc im:

Ch khai thc rt phc tp, nu khai thc vi lu lng ln, tn dng nng lng va khng ti u t h s cho du s thp, thi gian t phun s ngn.

Cu 30: iu kin cn v a ging vo khai thc bng phng phpGaslift?- Phi c cht lng i t va vo ging.- ngp su ca ng nng phi m bo cho qu trnh khi ng v khai thc ging.

- H thng khai thc v kh nn phi c iu kin khi ng v khia thc c ging: Cng sut my nn phi ln, h thng thit b phi ph hp v p ng nhu cu ca phng php.

Cu 31: Nguyn l lm vic ca van Gaslift c my loi?

* Van Gaslift l thit b dng t ng to ra hay cch ly mi lin h gia trong v ngoi ng nng. Cc van Gaslift khi ng dng gim p sut khi ng, nh vy lm tng su nn kh vo ng nng, tng hiu qu s dng nng lng kh nn.

Khi khi ng song van s t ng ng li.

Khi ging khi ng th van chu tc ng ca hai lc ngc chiu nhau:

p sut np sn ban u trong bung kh to mt lc gi van trng thi ng.

Lc cn li l p sut kh nn v p sut cht lng to mt lc m van.

Lc khi ng ging, p sut kh nn tng ln mt gi tr ln hn lc ng van th van s m v khi p sut kh nn gim xung, lc ng van ln hn lc m van th s ng li.* Van c phn thnh nhiu loi khc nhauCu 32: V sao phi lp t Paker? Paker c nht thit phi s dng khng? Khi no th cn?

*Tc dng ca vic lp t paker:

- Cch ly cc tng sn phm khc nhau v cch ly khong trong v ngoi ng nng.

- i vi thnh ging th vic lp t Paker trnh s r r p sut qua ng chng gy mt mt nng lng.

- i vi ming ging, khi p sut dng sn phm ln, b thit b lm vic mt an ton, d b y bt ln. V vy khi lp t paker hn ch s s ni trn.

- Vic lp t Paker hng dng sn phm vo ng nng nh th ging s lm vic n nh hn.

- Khi bm p kh nn, nu TBLG c lp Paker th p sut bm p s khng gy nh hng n y ging, trnh c s lm vic php ph.- Paker cn c tc dng gi vng chc cho TBLG pha di.

* Trong khai thc t phun th paker nht thit phi c s dng v p sut va rt ln hn ch v ngn nga nhng s c ni trn. Cn trong khai thc Gaslift khng cn thit phi lp paker xong c th cng tt. Tuy nhin a s TBLG trong khai thc Gaslift u s dng paker v cc ging ny l chuyn t cc ging t phun. Paker c lp sn v th ngi ta tn dng v khng c l do g phi ko TBLG ln thu hi Paker.

Cu 33: Van thu lc trung tm dng lm g? C th i ch cho van chn c khng ? sao li phi dng 2 van?* Van thu lc trung tm dng ng ging khi gp s c, c tc dng h tr van an ton su.

Dng ng ging khi cn sa cha cy thng khai thc.

Dng ng ging tm thi.

*Vic dng hai van l m bo s san ton vng chc khi ng ging.

- Do van an ton trung tm c nhiu chi tit chng hng v th ngi ta phi dng van chn pha di ng ging khi cn sa cha van thu lc bn trn.

- Van chn pha di cn gip cho van an ton trung tm thc hin vic iu khin t xa.

Cu 34: Cm manhfon l g? t u? C my loi?+ Cm manhefon t trn ming ging sau cu thng khai thc.

+ Dng sn phm sau khi qua cy thng khai thc, n c a n cm phn dng manhefon. Tu theo mc ch s dng, dng sn phm s c chuyn n cc ng cng ngh v cc bnh tch nh cm manhefon.

Cu 36: S khc nhau gia van Gaslift lm vic v van Gaslift khi ng?

Van Gaslift khi ng dng khi ng ging v khi khi ng xong van s ng li.

Van Gaslift lm vic th lun c m trong qu trnh lm vic ca ging.

Cu 37: Cn lm g? kch thc ca cn? khi no cn?

Cn thc cht l van tit lu, dng khng ch lu lng khai thc, c 3 loi v ang c s dng XNLD l:

Cn iu tit c nh, kch thc 2. 1/16, Plv= 5000psi, mun thay i lu lng th ta phi thay cn. Cn c ch to theo cc kch thc l ph hp vi lu lng khai thc. Loi ny c s dng ch yy m Bch H. Cn iu chnh c kch thc 2. 2/16. p sut lm vic Plv= 5000psi v cn tit lu iu chnh 3.1/8 , Plv= 5000psi. Chng iu chnh lu lng khai thc bng cch ng m bng tay quay thay i khe h tip xc ca van. Hin nay 2 loi van ny t c s dng do phn cn b mi mn nhanh, nht l i vi nhng ging m sn phm cha nhiu ct dn n iu tit lu lng thiu chnh xc. Cu to phc tp cng knh, kh khn trong vic sa cha.* i vi khai thc t phun cn nht thit phi c s dng cn trong khai thc Gaslift lu lng ca ging c iu chnh bng lu lng kh p, do cn khng cn thit phi c. Tuy nhin nu c cn th gip cho vic khai thc s c n nh hn.

Cu 41: Mc ch ca vic kho st ging.?

* i vi ging ni chung th vic kho st l :

- Xc nh thu dn: k.h/(- Xc nh linh ng: k/(- Xc nh thm: k.

xy dng c ch khai thc hp l ng thi tnh ton tr lng du m.

* i vi ging Gaslift .

- Xc nh h s thm k.

- Xc nh p sut y P.- Xc nh p sut va Pv.

Cui cng cng xy dng ch khai thc hp l ng thi tnh ton tr lng du m.

Cu 42: nh hng ca a cht n thit k khai thc nh th no.

* c im ca a tng m, c bit l tng sn phm, cu to v kin trc nh hng ti thit k khai thc, cc thng s c bn ca n l:

+ thm thu

+ Tr lng du m

+ bn cu trc ca va ( p sut v va)

+ B dy va.

+ nghing ca va.

* V c im cng nh tnh cht lu th trong va.

+ nht, t trng

+ p sut va, p sut bo ho v nhit va.

+ Mc nghp nc ca va.

Cu 43: Khi no dng thit b lng ging mt ct ng, hai ct ng?

TBLG mt ct ng : c p dng cho cc ging c chiu su nh, tnh cht va sn phm khng phc tp. Sn phm khai thc khng cha ct, hm lng parafin t v khng c mui lng ng. TBLG 2 ct ng : p dng cho ging c chiu su ln, ging c ng knh ln (mc ch l gim p sut bm p do tit din ng bm p nh hn). Va sn phm c tnh cht phc tp v c tnh n vic chuyn i phng php khai thc khi ging kt thc giai on t phun.

Cu 46: Yu t nh hng ca k thut n thit k khai thc?

H thng cc bnh tch: m bo phi tch nhanh, trit , cc c ch tch phi hon thin.

H thng phn phi kh: lu lng kh bm p, vi my c cng sut khc nhau th lu lng khai thc cng khc nhau:

H thng TBLG v ming ging: nh hng n tn tht dng chy, tn tht p sut nh hng ti hiu qu khai thc h thng ny phi m bo hot ng tt, ng vi tiu chun thit k thit b phi bn, c y ng h kim tra cc thng s lm vic ca ging.

Cu 47: Bnh tch 2 pha v 3 pha cu to khc nhau im no?

+ i vi pha rn hoc sn phm khai thc c nc th bnh tch phi c c ch tch trn lc v tch ly tm.

+ i vi 2 pha (lng + kh ) ngi ta s dng c ch thay i p sut, vn tc, c ch ly tm v c ch va p.

V vy nu 2 pha th dng trng hp th 2, cn tch 3 pha th dng c 4 c ch trn, da vo ch to cc bnh tch.

Cu 48: Cch b tr a hn hp du kh vo bnh tch da vo yu t no.

Da vo tch theo c ch no?+ Ly tm: hn hp du kh c a vo p st vi thnh bnh.

+ Va p: hn hp du kh c a thngvo.

+ p sut, vn tc: T ng nh ra ng ln.

+Trng lc

Cu 49: Da vo nguyn tc no thit k bnh tch 2 pha, 3 pha.

Da vo c ch tch thit k 2pha hoc 3 pha.

Cu 50: Phn loi bnh tch:

Theo hnh dng : hnh cu , hnh tr

+ Hnh cu: Thng dng cho m c sn lng b, t l kh cao tp cht c hc t.

+ Hnh tr nm ngang: dng nhng ni hn ch chiu cao, dng cho du c t l kh v nc cao.

+ Hnh tr ng: dng nhng ni c din tch hn ch:

Theo chc nng:

+ Bnh tch 2fa, 3fa.

+ Bnh tch mt bc, nhiu bc.

Theo p sut:

+ Thp p: 0.6 1,5at.

+ Trung p : 16 50at.

+ Cao p: 51 100at.

Theo phm vi p dng:

+ Bnh tch th ging.

+ Bnh tch khai thc

+ Bnh tch nhit thp.

+ Bnh tch o lng.

Cu 52: Nng cao hiu qu ca bnh tch.

Tng tc ti a ca dng du kh vo bnh, tc ln th nng sut bnh ln nhng phi hn ch vic mang du ra.

i vi c ch tch va p th c th tng mt thong ca cht lng to iu kin cho kh thot ra.

Gim thi gian lu gi cht lng trong bnh, gii phng nhanh trit cc thnh phn tch (i hi cc c ch tch phi hon thin)Cu 53: Duy tr p sut v mc cht lng trong bnh nh th no?

Duy tr p sut v mc cht lng trong bnh bng h thng van an ton v van Min

+ i vi van an ton: m bo cho o sut trong bnh khng vt qu gii hn cho php ca bnh.

+ i vi van Min: Khi mc cht lng trong bnh cao th van s m cho cht lng i ra, khi mc cht lng h thp th van s t ng ng li.

Cu 54: Hai bnh tch khc nhau c th thay i c khng?

Hai bnh tch khc nhau khng th thay i c cho nhau do mi bnh tch c p sut lm vic khc nhau, c ch tch khc nhau do m cc thnh phn tch cng khc nhau v vy khng th i c.

Cu 55: Phng php thit k theo Camco ging v khc vi phng php ton ca Nga nh th no?

i vi thit k Camco ton b cc thng s v v tr lp t ca van c da trn biu thit k.

Cn trong phng php ton ca Nga phn ln l ngi ta x dng cng thc tnh ton v tr cng nh cc thng s lp t ca van. Trong phng php ny duy ch dng duy nht mt biu tra chnh p P.

+ Tuy nhin cho d dng bt c mt phng php no th kt qu tnh ton phi tng i ging nhau, khng c qu gii hn cho php. V c hai phng php cng u phi xut pht t mt nguyn tc chung nht l nguyn tc lp t chiu su t van, v s dng nhng thng s u vo ca ging: Lu lng, p sut, nhit , tnh cht ca sn phm.

Cu 56: iu kin cn v khi ng van Gaslift.

i vi van th phi m bo s lm vic bnh thng, ng m theo ch nh thit k.

Van thit k phi t di mc cht lng thu tnh

p sut bm p phi ln khi ng c van.

Lu lng ti thi im khi ng van phi ph hp vi ng knh l van trnh s hng hc cho van.

Cu 57: Khi khai thc lin tc chuyn sang khai thc nh k th ta cn thay i nhng g?

Trong TBLG ngi ta lp thm van ngc nhippen hn ch mt nng lng v thi gian khi ng li ging.

Ngoi ra ngi ta cn lp thm h thng theo di kh nng phc hi ca ging t quyt nh chu k khi ng ging

(Ch y: Nu cu trc ng khai thc c ng knh qu nh th phi thay i li cho ph hp vi lu lng khai thc)

Cu 58: Vi p sut khi ng Pk = 115at ging khng khi ng c th lm th no?

Ging khng khi ng c tc l kh khng vo c ng nng ho trn vi cht lng trong ng nng.

Vi p sut khi ng Pk = 115at l p sut cc i ca my bm ang c s dng ti m Bch H v th ta cng khng th tng thm cng sut ca my bm.

C th van t qu su, vt qu kh nng khi ng c ging, do ta c th mc bt cht lng trong ging, p hn hp lng kh hoc chuyn i ch khi ng. Khi cc phng php khng c th phi ko ton b TBLG ln thay i li cu trc.

Trng hp c th khi ta a van xung lp t th van b tc khng m c. Lc ny ngi ta c th thay i ch nn kh hoc c th nn ri li gim p. Khi cc bin php khng c th ta phi ko van ln kim tra li.

Cu 59: Trong qu trnh khi ng ging Gaslift, chnh lch chiu su t van tng hay gim ti sao?

Chnh lch chiu su t van trong qu trnh khi ng ging l gim. V cng xung su p sut khi ng ging cng cao, trong khi p sut khi ng ca my nn kh l c nh khng i, chnh v th m chnh lch chiu su lp t gia cc van s gim i. C mi van di so vi van trc n phi khi ng thm mt ct cht lng t van ny ti van trn n hay ni cch khc l cng xung su th ct cht lng trn kh cng cao nn Pk tng.

Cu 60: Khi nim p sut, p lc?

p sut: Chnh l lc tc dng ln mt n v din tch b mt, n v o( th nguyn) (lc/n v din tch) (Kg/cm2)

p lc: Chnh l lc tc dng ln din tch b mt, p lc cng chnh l tng cc p sut tc dng ln din tch b mt . n v ca p lc l: n v lc (KG/cm2)

Cu 61: Th no l cu trc ng khai thc, chn n cn c vo u?

Cu trc ca ging khai thc l s b tr trong ging s lng cc ct ng th vo ging cng nh kch thc ca cc ng nh: Cu trc mt ct ng, hai ct ng, cu trc mt ct ng phn bc, cu trc hai ct ng vi ng bm p c hai cp ng knh...

Chn cu trc ging cn c vo chiu su ca ging v tnh cht phc tp ca va sn phm

Cu 62: Ti sao phi c 2 nhippen?

Do yu cu ca vic kho st ging cng nh mt s cng ngh khc khi lp t ging nh n paker, gia chng c nhng yu cu khc nhau, m mt nhippen khng p ng c cc yu cu trn. Chnh v th m ngi ta phi lp t 2 nhippen.

Nhippen pha di cha cc thit b o su, thit b kho st.

Nhippen pha trn dng cha van ct su hhoc van ngc.

Cu 63: Ch khai thc ti u? Phng php xc nh?

Ch khai thc ti ul ch m t l gia lng du khai thc v lng kh bm p l ln nht:

Cch xc nh: K tip tuyn vi ng cong biu din mi quan h gia lu lng du khai thc (Q) v lu lng kh bm p (V). Ti im tip xc c l ln nht, th chnh l ch khai thc ti u nht.

Cu 64: H thng iu khin van tun hon? Nguyn ly lm vic?

Van tun hon c iu khin bng h thng cp ti t trn mt. Cu to chnh ca van gm 2 ng c l lng vo nhau. Khi c xung ging van trung tm ng tc l 2 ng xoay lch nhau mt gc khng c s lin thng gia cc l ca hai ng. Khi cn m van th ngi ta a thit b chuyn dng xung m van tc l quay ng bn trong i mt gc cc l ca hai ng lin thng nhau.

Cu 66: Trng hp no s dng ct ng nng c nhiu cp ng knh? u nhc im?

Khi ging su v tnh cht ca va sn phm phc tp nh sn phm c ln ct, cha nhiu Parafin hoc dng sn phm b ngp nc...

+ u im: Gim c p sut hki ng do tit din vnh xuyn gia ng bm p v ng nng nh

Kh nng vt ct ca ging tt

Gim c s dao ng cu p sut y ging

Ct cht lng ngoi ng bm p c tc dng iu ho ch lm vic ca ging

+ Nhc im:

Tn km cho vic u t v np t ban u

Cu 68: Ti sao khng dng my bm khai thc?

Thc t ngoi m Bch H cc ging sau khi kt thc qu trnh t phun, nng lng va cn ln, yu t kh cao, nhit ca va ln v th gy kh khn cho vic lp thit b bm chm. Trong khi hiu qu khng cao bng phng php Gaslift.

My bm km hiu qu trong nhng ging c yu t kh cao, khng tn dng c ngun nng lng t nhin (kh ng hnh).

Vi nhit ca va cao 150-2000C th cc gioong ca bm khng th lm vic lu c, d hng hc, vic sa cha thay th cc thit b trong lng ging phi ko ton b ng khai thc ln i hi kh khn, phc tp v tn km.

Cu 69: C th thay th van lm vic bng van tun hon c khng?

Khng th thay th van lm vic bng van tun hon c do cc nguyn nhn sau:

Van tun hon c ng knh l ln hn rt nhiu ng knh van Gaslift lm vic, lm p sut nn kh s gim xung, ging khng lm vic c.

Khi kh nng khai thc ca ging gim i, ta cn phi thay i chiu su ca van Gaslift (tng chiu su bm p) th trong trng hp ny van tun hon khng th thc hin c.

Cu 70: Cc van Gaslift trc khi lm vic c th ng kt c khng?

Cc van Gaslift trc khi lm vic c th l ng kt hoc m kt, nhng sau khi khi ng xong th cc van phi trng thi ng. Thng th trc khi lm vic cc van Gaslift trung tm m v p sut trong ging tc dng ln van ln hn lc ng van.

Cu 71:Vic tnh ton van Gaslift lm vic v van Gaslift khi ng ging v khc nhau im no?

* Ging nhau:

Xc nh v tr lp t van cng nh cch tnh ton cc thng s ca van: ng knh, p sut ng m van, lu lng kh nn.

* Khc nhau:

Sau khi tnh ton xong v tr cng nh cc thng s ca van th ta cn thm mt bc tnh ton na xc nh van no s dng l van lm vic.

Cu 72: S lng cc van Gaslift ph thuc vo nhng yu t no?

p sut ca my bm p

Ph thuc vo chiu su ca ging

ph yhuc vo t trng ca cht lng trong ging

ng knh ng chng

Cu 73: tng thm hiu qu khai thc bng Gaslift ta c bin php no?

Tng su nhn chm ca ng nng, tuy nhin cng khng th tng gi tr y qu ln c i hi phi nn kh vi p sut cao.

Dng ng nng ca ng knh nh, khi chiu di ng nng s cng ln, tuy nhin nu ng nng qu nh th hao ph nng lng li cao.

Tng lu lng ca kh nn xung ging gim t trng lm cho nng cao ca hn hp cng ln

Tng thm ca ging

Gim p sut trn nhnh x

Cu 74: p sut khi ng ph thuc vo nhng yu t no?

Cu trc ct ng nng

ng knh ng chng khai thc, ng bm p v ng nng

T trng ca cht lng trong ng nng

su nhn chm ca ng nng

Cu 75: Ti sao phi tin hnh tch FA, v phi tch nhiu cp?

* Sn phm khai thc l mt hn hp bao gm H-C dng lng, kh c c nc v cc tp cht c hc nh ct, dung dch khoan. Cho ln vic u tin phi tin hnh tch cc Fa nhm o lng chnh xc ring bit cc sn phm, hn ch cc chi ph vn chuyn v tng kh nng lm vic ca cc thit b cng ngh khai thc.

* Mi bnh tch lm vic mt p sut nht nh, tng ng vi n l nhng thnh phn cu t c tch ra, n khng th tch hon ton c c cu t nng v nh. V th thu c sn phm cui cung theo mun th ta phi s dng h thng bnh tch nhiu cp.

Cu 76: Bnh thng vi p sut khi ng nh tnh ton ging lm vic c, nhng t sut li khng khi ng c, th ta phi lm g?

Ging kgng khi ng c tc l kh khng vo c ng nng ho trn vi cht lng trong ng nng. Nguyn nhn c th l:

p sut ca my b gim qu mc cho php.

Van Gaslift khi ng b tt

Gii php:

Tng p sut ca my bm p ln gi tr cc i, khi tng ri m ging vn cha khi ng c th phi xt ti van

Thay i ch nn kh ngoi cn bng ch nn trong cn v ngc li

Khi ng ging mt vi ln. Khi cc phng php trn khng c th ta phi thay van Gaslift

Cu 77: thay i chiu su nhn chm ta lm nh th no?

Nu trn thit b lng ging c lp thm van Gaslift d phng th ta chuyn xung van ny lm van lm vic, khng cn phi h chiu su ng nng.

Nu l ging c cu trc mt ct ng hoc hai ct ng thng thng th ta phi (tho b) Paker sau ni thm cn h chiu su nhng chm Nu ging c cu trc hai ct ng c bit, phn di ca ng bm p c ng knh nh hn ng nng th ta phi ko ton b cu trc TBLG ln thay i li.Cu 78: Mun khai thc tng trn cng bng phng php khai thc Gaslift th lm nh th no?

Phng php ny cha c p dng m Bch H. Xong mun khai thc nh th ngi ta phi th vo ging hai ct ng ring bit nhau, mi TBLG khai thc mt tng. Phng php ny i hi TBMG rt phc tp v kh khn cho vic lp t.

Cu 79: theo di s lm vic ca ging th theo di ci g, iu khin ci g v kim tra ci g?

Gim st qu trnh hot ng ca ging khai thc bng phng php Gaslift c y ngha quan trng gip ta nm c c tnh ca ging, mc n nh v lu lng v p sut theo thi gian, ngoi ra cn gip ta d on c cc trng hp bt thng c th xy ra trong qu trnh khai thc tm bin php ngn nga kp thi.

Cng vic ca ngi th khai thc l theo di v ghi nhn nhng s liu sau:

+ p sut trong cn

+ p sut ngoi cn

+ p sut sau cn

+ p sut ngoi ng chng

+ p sut bm p kh

iu khin:

+ Lu lng kh nn

+ Lu lng du khai thc

Kim tra:

+ Kim tra tnh an ton ca TBMG trong qu trnh lm vic

+ Kim tra qu trnh hot ng ca h thng cung cp kh

Cu 80: Mc ch xc nh ca p sut khi ng:

Mc ch ca vic xc nh p sut khi ng l xc nh v tr lp t van Gaslift tng ng vi p sut khi ng ca my nn kh

Cu 81: Tc dng ca ng nng dng trong khai thc:

Dng nng dng sn phm t lng ging ln ming. y l bin php bo v ng chng khi b mi mn khi dng sn phm mang theo nhiu tp cht i qua.

Bo m cho vic khai thc c an ton ca cc ging Gaslift

Tit kim c nng lng va, o ng knh ng nng nh hn ng knh ng chng

Sa cha ging vi s tr gip ca cp k thut chuyn dng m khng phi ko cn ln.

C th tin hnh kho st ging khoan bng thit b o su

Gi dng v khai thc tt cho cc ging Gaslift

Khai thc t ng ging Gaslift

Cu 82: Trn biu p sut khi ng cn ch y nhng im no?

p sut khi ng

im p sut lm vic PAGE 11PGS TS CAO NGC LM

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