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tptrhaj;jpy; gPil Kfhikj;Jtk;

tpiuthf tsu;e;J tUk; kf;fs; njhiff;F cztspg;gjw;F tptrha cw;gj;jp njhlu;r;rpahf mjpfupf;fg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,uz;lhk; cyf

kfhAj;jj;jpd; gpd; Vw;gl;l fLk; gQ;rj;ijg; Nghf;Ftjw;Fk; njhlu;e;J czT cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk;;;> jdpg;gapuhfr; nra;ifgz;zf; $baJk;

cr;r tpisitj; juf;$baJkhd tu;f;fq;fSld; Gjpa tptrhaj; njhopy;El;gq;fs; cl;GFj;jg;gl;Lg; gRikg;Gul;rpj; njhopy;El;gq;fshf mwpKfk;

nra;ag;gl;ld. ,t;tu;f;fq;fs; grisfspw;F mjpf J}z;lw;NgWiladthf ,Ue;jJld; mtw;iwr; nra;if gz;Zk; NghJ gPilfshy; Vw;glf;

$ba ,og;Gfisj; jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfg; gPilehrpdpfSk;; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. gPilehrpdpfspd; mwpKfj;jpdhy; czT eQ;#l;lg;gly;>

mq;ftPdk;> Gw;WNeha;> jw;nfhiy Nghd;w MNuhf;fpak; rk;ge;jg;gl;l gpur;ridfs; Vw;glj; njhlq;fpd.

gapu;g; guhkupg;Gj; njhlu;ghd NghjpasT mwptpd;ik> gPil / Neha;j; jhf;fj;ijr; rupahf ,dq;fhz Kbahik> gapu;r; Nrjj;ij kjpg;gplhik vd;gd mjpfsthd gPilehrpdpg; ghtidf;fhd fhuzpfshf milahsk; fhzg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; ,jw;fhd khw;Wtopfs; njhlu;ghfTk; Ma;Tfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jd; gadhfg; gapu;fspy; tpisr;riyj; njhlu;r;rpahfg; NgzTk;> Rw;whlypy; ,aw;ifr; rkepiyiag; NgzTk;> rpwe;j Xu;

mZFKiwahf xUq;fpize;j gPil Kfhikj;Jtk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

xUq;fpize;j gPil Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;gJ gapu; cw;gj;jpf;Fk; gapu;g; ghJfhg;Gf;Fkhd #ow;nwhFjp rhu;e;j gy;NtW tifahd gPil

Kfhikj;Jt %Nyhghaq;fisAk; eltbf;iffisAk; xUq;fpizj;Jg; gPil ehrpdpfspd; ghtidiaf; Fiwj;Jj; jplfhj;jpukhd gapu;r; nra;ifia

Nkw;nfhs;SjyhFk;. ,J jLj;jy; (prevention), fz;fhzpj;jy; (monitoring), kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; (control) Mfpad mlq;fyhd gue;j xU jpl;lkhFk;.

fz;fhzpj;jy; (mtjhdpj;jy;) Kiwfs; (Monitoring / Observation methods)

1. gPilia milahsq;fhzy; (Identification) : gapu;r;nra;ifapy; ve;jnthU gPil Kfhikj;Jtj; je;jpNuhghaq;fisAk; epiwNtw;w Kd; gPilfisAk; ed;ik nra;Ak; mq;fpfisAk;

milahsk; fhz;gJ kpfTk; Kjd;ik tha;e;jnjhd;whFk;. ,J njhlu;ghf tptrhapfs; kl;lj;jpy; mwpt+l;LtJ midj;J tpupthf;f

Kftu;fspdJk; Kf;fpakhd gzpahFk;.

2. njhlu; fz;fhzpg;Gk; vjpu;T $wYk; (Surveillance and forecasting) : gPilfspd; elkhl;lk; kw;Wk; ngUf;fk; vd;gd xspg;nghwpfs;> xl;Lg;gyiffs;> Jisg;nghwpfs;> nguNkhd; nghwpfs; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk;

ePz;l fhykhff; fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;L mtw;wpd; ngWNgWfis Ma;T nra;J g+r;rp kw;Wk; Neha;fspd; Njhw;wk; njhlu;ghfg; nghUj;jkhd

vjpu;T $wy;fis Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. tpQ;Qhd uPjpahd ,j;jifa njhlu; fz;fhzpg;Gk; vjpu;T $wy;fSk;> tptrhapfSf;Fj; jFe;j

rpghu;Rfis chpa Neuj;jpw;F toq;fTk; nghUj;jkhd fl;Lg;ghl;L eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; toprikf;Fk;.

3. gPil / Nehiaf; fz;lwpjy; (Diagnostics) : midj;Jr; rhj;jpakhd jtpu;g;G kw;Wk; Neha; ePf;Fk; Kiwfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F cupa gPilj;jhf;fk; kw;Wk; Neha;j; njhw;wyhy; gapupy;

Vw;gLk; mwpFwpfs; rupahfTk; Neuj;jpw;Fk; milahsk; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

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4. Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sy;/ NtT ghu;j;jy; (Scouting): taypw;Ff; fpukkhfr; nry;Yjy;> nghwpfspy; gpbj;jy;> taypy; gPilfspd; tif kw;Wk; jhf;f kl;lj;ijj; jPu;khdpj;jy; Mfpadtw;iw ,J

cs;slf;FfpwJ.

5. nghUshjhu vy;iy kl;lk; (Economic Threshold Level - ETL): tptrhapfs; nghUj;jkhd gPilKfhikj;;Jt eltbf;iffis mKy;gLj;jj; njhlq;Ftjw;Fg; gapu;ghJfhg;Gr; rk;ge;jkhd epakkhd

nghUshjhu vy;iy kl;lk; (ETL) fpilf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.6. nguNkhd;fs; (Pheromones): nguNkhd;; nghwpfisg; gapu; nra;Ak; epyj;jpy; ];jhgpg;gJ gPilfisf; ftu;e;J mopf;fg; gad;gLk;. kiwKfkhff; fytpiaf; Fiwf;fTk;>

Kl;ilaply; kw;Wk; gapupy; gPilfspd; ,dtpUj;jpiaf; Fiwf;fTk; cjTk;.

jLj;jy; Kiwfs; (Preventive methods)

1. ghuk;gupa / gapuhf;ftpay; Kiwfs; (Cultural practices) :

NfhilapYk; gUtfhyj;jpd; Kd;Dk; gapu; nraAk; epyj;ij cOtJ kz;tho; g+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; Nehahf;fpfis ntspj;njupar; nra;tjd; %yk;

mopf;f cjTfpwJ. Fwpj;j fhy ,ilntspapy; gapu;fspilNa CL rhFgb nra;tJ fisfspd; ngUf;fj;ijf; Fiwf;f cjTk;. tay; tuk;GfisAk;

taiyr; #oTs;s gapu; nra;ahj ,lq;fisAk; fisfspd;wp itj;jpUg;gJ khw;W tpUe;J toq;fpfis mfw;w cjTk;.

2. gapu;r; Row;rp (Crop rotation) : xNu tpis epyj;jpy;; jdpg; gapu;r; nra;if ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F ,Ug;gJ gPilfSf;F Ntz;ba Ez; fhyepiyia cUthf;fTk; khw;W tpUe;J

toq;fpapd; fpilg;Gj;jd;ik kw;Wk; gPilfspd; tpUj;jpf;Fk; ngUf;fj;jpw;Fk; top rikf;Fk;.

fPNo cs;s ml;ltizahdJ gapu;r;Row;rpapd; NghJ ntt;NtW FLk;gg; gapu;fSf;fpilapy; Ngz Ntz;ba tUlq;fisf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

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gapu;fs; / FLk;gq;fs;

fLFf;FLk;gk; mk;ngy;ypngNu rPNdhNghbNarpNa mtiuf;FLk;gk; G+rzpf;FLk;gk; ypy;ypNarpNa m];uNwrpNa nrhyNdrpNa

Nfhth, Ks;sq;fp kw;Wk;

g+f;Nfhth

ful; gPl;&l;

mtiu, gUg;G-tif, epyf;fliy kw;Wk; rzy;

G+rzp, Lgha; g+rzp, nts;supf; fha;, ghfy;, GNlhy;, Riuf;fha; kw;Wk;

ju;g;g+rzp

ntq;fhak;

kw;Wk; yPf;];#upafhe;jp

fj;jup, jf;fhsp, Gifapiy,

cUisf;fpoq;F

kw;Wk; kpsfha;.

nrhyNdrpNa 0-1 1 0 1-2 2 1 1-2 3fLFf; FLk;gk; 4 2 3 1-2 2 0 2 0-1

mk;ngy;ypngNu 1-2 3 0 1-2 1 2 2 0-1

rPNdhNghbNarpNa 3 0-1 3 0-1 1 0-1 1 0

mtiuf;FLk;gk; 0-1 2 0 3 1 0 2 0G+rzpf;FLk;gk; 1 1 0-1 0 3 0-1 1-2 2

ypy;ypNarpNa 0 0 0 0 0 3 0-1 0

m];uNwrpNa 0-1 2 0-1 2 1 0 2 0-1

jhdpaq;fs; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(Martin Keller, 2015)

3. CLgapu;r;nra;if/ nghwpg;gapu;fs; (Intercropping / Trap crops) : tpisepyj;jpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l gapu;fis CLgapuhfr; nra;tJ> rpy jhtur; Rfhjhug; gpur;ridfisf; Fiwf;fTk;> ed;ik nra;Ak; g+r;rpfspd;

ngUf;fj;ij mjpfupf;fTk;> fisg; ngUf;fj;ijf; Fiwf;fTk; cjTk;. rpy jhtuq;fisr; rpy gPilfs; mjpfk; tpUk;Gfpd;wd. nghwpg;gapu;fs; gpujhd

gapupy; gPilj; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwf;fpd;wd. nrt;te;jpj; jhtukhdJ (mjd; ntspu;-kQ;rs; epwg; G+f;fs;) fha;Jisg;ghd; gPiliaf; ftu;tjhy;

kpsfha;> fwpkpsfha;> jf;fhsp Nghd;w gpujhd gapu;fspy; Nrjj;ijf; Fiwf;f cjTfpd;wJ. NkYk; nrt;te;jp kz;zpy; thOk; nekw;Nwhl;Lj; jhtu

xl;Lz;zpfSf;F tpul;bahfTk; nraw;gLfpd;wJ.

4. vjpu;g;gpdq;fs; (Resistant varieties) : vjpu;g;gpdq;fs; my;yJ rfpg;G ,dq;fisg; gapu; nra;tJ rpwe;j nrytw;w ePbj;jpUf;ff; $ba gPil Kfhikj;Jt je;jpNuhghakhFk;.

5. ePu; Kfhikj;Jtk; (Water management) : jFe;j ePu; Kfhikj;JtKk; tpNtfkhd Kiwapy; J}ty; kw;Wk; nrhl;L ePu;g;ghrd Kiwfisf; iff;nfhs;tJk; fisg; ngUf;fk;> rpy g+r;rpg;gPilfs;

kw;Wk; Neha;fisf; Fiwf;f cjTk;. nghUj;jkhd ePu; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpdhy; kz;zpy; thOk; gPilfis tpidj;jpwdhf Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;a

KbAk;.

6. ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gapu;r; nra;if (Protected culture) : fl;likg;Gf;fSf;Fs; (cjhuzk; - tiytPL> nghyp tiytPL)gapupLtjhy; gapu;fis ,yFtpy; mNef g+r;rpg; gPilfspypUe;J ghJfhf;f KbAk;.

fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfs; (Intervention methods)

1. ngsjPf Kiw/ nghwpKiwf; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfs; (Mechanical control) : NtW fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfisf; iff;nfhs;s Kd; ngsjPf / nghwpKiwf; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfisj; jdpnahU tptrhapahfNth my;yJ

rKjhakhfNth nra;ayhk;. xspg;nghwpfs; %yk; mopit Vw;gLj;jf;$ba gPilfspd; epiwAlypfisf; ftu;e;J mtw;wpd; Fbj;njhif ngUf

Kd; mopf;f KbAk;. jhtu Nehapd; Muk;g epiyapy; Neha; njhw;wpa jhtuj;ijg; gpLq;fp mfw;WtJ my;yJ Neha; njhw;wpa ghfj;ij mfw;WtJ

xU tpidj;jpwdhd Neha; Kfhikj;Jtj; je;jpNuhghakhFk;.

2. capupay; fl;Lg;ghL (Biological control) : xU #oypy; xU gPilapd; vz;zpf;ifiar; rkepiy kl;lj;jpy; NgZtjw;F mg; gPilfspd; ,aw;if vjpupfs; mr;#oypy; trpg;gJ mtrpakhFk;.

,aw;ifapy; gy mq;fpfs;> Vida g+r;rpfisAk; Neha;f;Ff; fhuzkhd mq;fpfs; kw;Wk; fisfisAk; czthf cl;nfhz;L tho;fpd;wd. mt;thwhd

mq;fpfisg; gad;gLj;jp capupay; fl;Lg;ghl;bid ,aw;ifapy; ntw;wpfukhf Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. cjhuzkhfg; gg;ghrp ntz;%l;Lg;g+r;rpf;F

xl;Lz;zpia tpLtpg;gjd; %yk; ntw;wpfukhf mJ Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. NybNgl; tz;Lfs; mOf;fztd;fis ,aw;ifapy;

Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;fpd;w ,aw;if vjpupfshFk;. ed;ik nra;Ak; g+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; Ez;zq;fpfisg; ghupamstpy; tsu;g;Gr; nra;J tpLtpg;gjhy;

tptrhar; #ow;njhFjpiaf; Fog;ghJ rkepiyapy; NgZtJld; #oiyAk; khrilahky; guhkupf;fyhk;.

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3. ,urhadf; fl;Lg;ghL (Chemical control) : xU gPilapdhy; gapu; ghjpf;fg;gLk; NghJ mg;gPilia Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;tjw;Fg; gapuhf;ftpay; Kiwfs;> ngsjPf Kiwfs;> capupay;

Kiwfs; vd;gtw;iw cgNahfpj;J mg;gPilapd; jhf;fj;ijg; nghUshjhu uPjpapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtkw;w kl;lj;jpy; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;a KbahjpUf;Fk;

NghJ kl;LNk ,urhadf; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwiaf; iff;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ve;jnthU gPilg; gpur;rpidf;Fk; gPilehrpdpg;ghtid khj;jpuk;

jPu;thf mikahJ. NjitNaw;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; kl;Lk; rhJ}upakhf mit ghtpf;fg;glyhk;. gPilehrpdpfisj; NjitNaw;gLk; NghJ ghtpg;gtu;

ghJfhg;ghfTk; nghWg;Gzu;r;rpNahLk; ifahs Ntz;Lk;. xUq;fpize;j gPil Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd; ,WjpapNyNa ,urhadk; ghtpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gPilehrpdpg; Nghj;jy;fspy; xl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rl;bfis ed;F thrpj;J mjpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s mwpTWj;jy;fisg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. rpwe;j Kiwapyhd

gPilehrpdpg; ghtid kdpj MNuhf;fpaj;ijAk; Rw;whliyAk; ghJfhf;Fk;. ,J gPilehrpdpg; ghtidiaf; Fiwg;gJ kl;Lkd;wp gPilfspd;

vjpu;g;Gf; Fy tiffs; tpUj;jpailtijj; jLg;gJld; gPilf; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; tpidj;jpwidAk; mjpfupf;Fk;. vt;thwhapDk; gPilehrpdpfs; ahTk;

er;Rj;jd;ikahdit. vdNt ,ad;wstpy; Fiwe;j er;Rj; jd;ikAila gPilehrpdpfisg; ghtpg;gJ kdpj Fyj;Jf;Fk; ed;ik nra;Ak; mq;fpfSf;Fk;

Fiwe;jsT ghjpg;Gilajhf mikfpd;wJ.

gPilehrpdpg; gpuNahfk; (Pesticide application)

tof;fkhf xU Fwpj;j gug;gsTs;s gapu;epyj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba njspg;Gf; fdtstpy; gy fhuzpfs; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jfpd;wd. njspfUtptif>

(ifj;njspf;fUtp> tYj;njspf;fUtp)> gpuNahfpg;gtu; elf;Fk; Ntfk;> gPr;RKid tif> gapu; tpjhdj;jpd; gUkd; kw;Wk; NtW gy. ,tw;wpw;fika xU

n`f;NuaUf;fhd gpuNahf msthdJ kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;whFk;. gPilehrpdpfspd; tPz; tpuaj;ijAk;> Fiwe;j my;yJ kpjkhd ntspNaw;wiyAk;

fz;%bj;jdkhd gPilehrpdpg; ghtidiaAk; ,jdhy; jtpu;f;f Kbfpd;wJ. vt;thwhapDk; gPilehrpdpf; fzpg;gPl;bd; nghOJ toq;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;

nkhj;j msthdJ gapupw;Fg; gpuNahfpg;gjw;Fj; NjitahdJ vd;gijf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;f.

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gapu; tpjhdj;jpd; gUkd; Njitahd tprpwy; fdtsT

gb I Fiwe;j tpjhdk; 320-400 yPw;wu;/ n`f;Nuau; (20-25 jhq;fp/ n`f;Nuau;)

gb II eLj;ju tpjhdk; 500-600 yPw;wu;/ n`f;Nuau; (30-35 jhq;fp/ n`f;Nuau;)

gb III $ba tpjhdk; 700-800 yPw;wu;/ n`f;Nuau; (40-50 jhq;fp/ n`f;Nuau;)

jhq;fpapd; nfhs;ssT 16 yPw;wu; vdf; fUjg;gl;Ls;sJ

jug;gl;l gapupd; tpjhdj;jpd; gUkDf;fikag; gq;fR ehrpdpfs; kw;Wk; g+r;rp ehrpdpfspd; tprpWk; fdtsTf;fhd Njit khWglyhk;. ntt;NtW

gq;fR ehrpdpfs; kw;Wk; g+r;rp ehrpdpfs; NtWgl;l gapu;tpjhdg; gUtq;fspy; gpuNahfpf;fg;glyhk;. fisehrpdpfs; tof;fkhfg; gapu;Kisf;f

Kd;dNuh my;yJ gpd;dNuh tprpwg;gLfpd;wd (Fiwthd gapu;tpjhdg;gUtk;). vdNt xU n`f;NuaUf;Fj; Njitahd fisehrpdpapd; nkhj;j

tprpwy; fd msT 320-400 yPw;wu; MFk;. NkYk; fisfs; ,sk; gUtj;jpy; cs;sNghJ Fiwe;j msTk;> rpwpjsT Kjpu;r;rpg; gUtj;jpYs;s NghJ

$ba msTk; rpghu;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ. gapu;fs; ,y;yhj epiyikfspy; fisfs; Kisj;j gpd; $basthd fisehrpdpg; gpuNahfk; nghUj;jkhdJ.

fisehrpdpfisf; fisfspd; tpjhdk; KOjhf eidAk;gb gpuNahfpf;f Ntz;Lk;. midj;Jf; fisehrpdpg; gpuNahfj;jpd; NghJk;; gPr;RKidahdJ

,yf;F Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J 30-45cm cauj;jpy; Ngzg;gly; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

rupahd/ jFe;j gPilehrpdpfs; ghtidf;F:

y gPilehrpdpr; Rl;biaf; ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;. y fl;lhakhfg; gPilehrpdpfspd; rpghu;Rfisg; gpd;gw;wTk;. y kpff;Fiwe;j eQ;R (gr;ir kw;Wk; ePy epwr; rpl;ilfs;) kw;Wk; Fiwe;j jq;Fjpwd; nfhz;l gPilehrpdpfisj; njupT nra;aTk;. y cr;r tpidj;jpwDk; Fiwe;j mghaKk; nfhz;l #j;jpupg;Gfisj; (Formulations) njupT nra;aTk;. y ,yf;Fg; gug;gpw;Ff; Fiwe;jsT gPilehrpdpiaj; Njitf;Nfw;gg; gpuNahfpf;fTk;. y gapUf;Fk; #oYf;Fk; Fiwe;j nfLjiyAk; tprpWgtUf;F cr;rg; ghJfhg;gpidAk; cWjpg;gLj;JtJld; tpidj;jpwdhd fl;Lg;ghl;bidAk;

toq;ff;$ba gpuNahf Kiwapidj; njupT nra;aTk;.

y mWtilf;F Kd;dhd fhy ,ilntspiaf; fz;bg;ghfg; gpd;gw;wTk; (nghJthf gPilehrpdpfs; tprpwp 10-14 ehl;fspd; gpd;dNu re;ijg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;).

y xNu gPilehrpdpiaj; njhlu;r;rpahf ePz;lfhyk; ghtpg;gij epWj;Jtjw;Fg; gapu;r;;Row;rpapidf; iff;nfhs;sTk;. y xNu nraw;gLjpwd; nfhz;l gPilehrpdpfisj; njhlu;r;rpahfg; ghtpf;f Ntz;lhk;. y gPilehrpdpfis xd;Wld; xd;W fye;J tprpw Ntz;lhk;.

gPilehrpdpg; ghJfhg;G (Pesticide safety)gPilehrpdpfs; jFe;j Kiwapy; ghtpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;> Vnddpy; mit Mgj;jhd ,urhadq;fshFk;. gPilehrpdpfis tprpWgtu;fs; tprpWtjw;F

Kd; ed;ik nra;Ak; mq;fpfspd; #oy;> kdpj Rfhjhuk; Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhfg; gPilehrpdpfspd; eQ;Rtifapy; tpopg;Gzu;Tld; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mNefkhd ,j;jfty;fs; gPilehrpdpr; Rl;bapy; cs;sd. nghUj;jkhd ghJfhg;G cgfuzq;fisAk; cLg;Gf;fisAk; njupTnra;aTk;. Kf%b>

%r;Rf;ftrk;> ifAiwfs;> njhg;gp> ghjq;fis kiwf;ff;$ba ghjzpfs;> ePsf;ifr; Nrl;> ePsf;fhw;rl;il vd;gdtw;iwg; gPilehrpdpfisf; fyf;Fk;

NghJk; tprpWk; NghJk; mzpa Ntz;Lk;. gPilehrpdpfisf; ifahSk; NghJ Gifj;jy;> rhg;gpLjy;;> Fbj;jy; vd;gdit Kw;whfj; jtpu;f;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

gPilehrpdpg; gpuNahfj;jpw;fhd gPr;RKidj; njupT (Nozzle choice for application of pesticides) rupahd gPr;RKidg; ghtidahdJ ghJfhg;ghdJk; mjpf tpidj;jpwdhdJkhd gPilehrpdp tprpWjiyr; rhj;jpakhf;Fk;. tptrhak; nra;Ak;

#oypy; nghUj;jkhd gPr;RKidiaj; njspfUtpAld; ,yFthff; fpilf;f $ba tifapy; toq;FtJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

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vii

Fwpg;Gfs;

y vg;nghOJk; rupahd njspj;jw; fzpg;gPl;bid Nkw;nfhz;l gpd;dUk; gapupd; nghUj;jkhd tsu;r;rpg;

gUtj;jpw;F Vw;gg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba gPilehrpdpapd;

msitj; njupT nra;j gpd;dUk; gPilehrpdpfisg;

gpuNahfpf;f Muk;gpf;fTk;.

y FopTf; $k;G gPr;RKidfs; (Hollow cone nozzle) nghJ thfg; g+r;rp ehrpdpfisAk; g+Q;rz ehrpdpfisAk;

,iy Nkw;gug;gpw;Fj; njspf;fg; ghtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

,g; gPr;RKidfs; gapupd; tpjhdj;jpd; ntspg;gFjpf;F

Kw;W KOjhf ey;y njspg;gpid toq;Ffpd;wd.

y Def lector g Pr ;R Kidfs ; nghypn[w ; vdTk ; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,it fisehrpdpfisg;

gpuNahfpg;gjw;Fg; ghtpf;fg;gLk; xU gPr;RKidahFk;.

y jl;iltprpwpg; gPr;RKidfs; (Flat fan nozzle) jl;il ahd Nkw;gug;Gfspw;F tprpWtjw;Fg; ghtpf;fg; gLfpd;wd.

kz; Nkw;gug;gpw;Fj; jl;ilahd tpjhdj;jpw;Fk;

cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fspd; gPilfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j

fsQ;rpa Rth;fSf;Fg; G+r;rp ehrpdpfis tprpwTk; ghtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

y ,iyfspy; ,Ue;J tbAk; tz;zk; gPilehrpdpfisg; gpuNahfpf;f Ntz;lhk;. y gPilehrpdpfisg; gpuNahfpg;gjw;F ehd;F Jthuq;fs; my;yJ Ie;J Jthuq;fisf; nfhz;l FopTf; $k;Gg; gPr;RKidfis xUNghJk; ghtpf;f

Ntz;lhk;.

y rupnra;af;$ba gyNehf;Fg; gPr;RKidfs; gapu;g;ghJfhg;gpy; ghtpg;gjw;Fr; rpghu;R nra;ag;gltpy;iy. y gPr;RKidapy; milg;G Vw;gl;lhy; gPr;RKidiaf; fow;wp ePuhy; fOtTk;. NkYk; milg;G ,Ug;gpd; Jthuj;jpw;Fs; nry;yf;$ba gykhd Gy;

jz;bidg; ghtpj;J milg;G ePf;f Ntz;Lk;. xUNghJk; thapdhy; CJtjw;F Kaw;rpf;fNth my;yJ fk;gp> Crp Nghd;wtw;iwg; ghtpf;fNth

Ntz;lhk;. ,it jl;bd; Jthuj;ijr; Nrjg;gLj;jyhk;. NjitNaw;gbd; Gjpa gPr;RKidia khw;wTk;.

Plantwise epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; (The Plantwise Programme)cyfshtpa uPjpapy; czTg; ghJfhg;ig mjpfupf;fTk;> tWikia xopf;fTk;> tho;thjhuj;ij Nkk;gLj;jTk; CABI (Centre for Agriculture and

Biosciences International) epWtdj;jhy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtjhFk;. ,e; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; rpW clik tptrhapfs; mtu;fsJ gapu;fspy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; Neha;fs; kw;Wk; gPilfis vt;thW Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;tJ vd;gJ gw;wpa njspthd kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwdhd MNyhridfis mtu;fSf;Ff;

fpilf;fr; nra;fpwJ. mj;Jld; gapu;r; Rfhjhu xOq;fikg;ig (Plant health system) me;je;j ehLfspYs;s tptrha tpupthf;fk;> tptrha Muha;r;rp

gPilehrpdp

tif

gPr;RKid

tif

gPr;RKidAk; tprpwy;

tbtKk;

mz;zsthd

mKf;fk; (Bars)

g+r;rpehrpdpfSk;

g+Q;rzehrpdpfSk;FopTf;$k;G gPr;RKid

(Hollow cone nozzle) 3

jl;il tprpwpg;

gPr;RKid(Flat fan nozzle) 3

fisehrpdpfs;

nghypn[w;(Deflector nozzle) 1-2

jl;il tprpwpg;

gPr;RKid(Flat fan nozzle) 1-2

epWtdq;fs;> Neha; - gPilfisf; fz;lwpAk; Ma;T$lq;fs;> tptrha cs;sPL toq;Fdu;fs;> kw;Wk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l NtW gy jpizf;fsq;fisf;

nfhz;L ];jhgpg;gjw;F cjtp nra;fpwJ. ,g; gapu;r; rpfpr;ir Kfhk;fs; cs;Su; MNyhridr; Nritapduhy; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;L itj;jpau;fspd;

rpfpr;ir Nghd;W eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLd;wJ. ,J ,yq;ifapy; epue;jug; gapu;r; rpfpr;ir epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; (Permanent Crop Clinic Programme - PCCP)vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

gapu;r; rpfpr;ir Kfhk;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; (Importance of crop clinics)jw;NghJ ehl;bd; nkhj;j epyg;gug;gpy; 65% tptrha eltbf;iffSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e; epyg; gug;gpd; 40% new; nra;iff;Fk;> 38%

mj;jpahtrpag; gapu;r; nra;iff;Fk;> 22% Vida gapur;nra;;iffSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ehl;bd; rdj; njhifapd; 70% fpuhkq;fspy; trpg;gJld; mtu;fspd; gpujhd [PtNdhghak; tptrhak; MFk; (czTw;gj;jp Njrpa nraw;wpl;lk;> 2016-2018 ifNaL). vkJ ehl;by; thOk; kf;fSf;fhd czTj;

Njitiag; G+u;j;jp nra;tjpy; ngUk; gq;fhw;Wgtu;fs; ,t; tptrhapfNs. ,tu;fs; jq;fspd; czTf;fhfTk;> tUkhdj;jpw;fhfTk; jhq;fs; nra;if

gz;Zk; gapu;fisNa ek;gpAs;sdu;. ,g; gapu;fspy; ,Ue;J mWtil fpilf;ftpy;iynadpy; mjd; tpisT gl;bdpahfNth md;wp tWikahfNth

jhd; ,Uf;fKbAk;. tptrhapfSf;Fg; gapu; MNuhf;fpag; gpur;ridfs; njhlu;ghfr; rupahd mwpT ,Uf;Fnkdpy; gapu;fspy; Vw;gLk; ,og;Gf;fisj;

jtpu;f;fKbAk;. cyfpy; Vwj;jho 40% khd gapu; ,og;Gf;fs; (gapu;r;nra;if njhlf;fk; fsQ;rpak; tiu) gPil Neha;fspdhNyNa Vw;gLfpd;wd. ,t; ,og;gpd; 1% I Fiwg;gjd; %yk; kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd kf;fSf;F cztspf;f KbAk; vd;gJ nghJthdnjhU epiyg;ghlhFk;.

Mdhy;> mNdf Ntisfspy; gapu;fspd; MNuhf;fpag; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gLk; NghJ mJ vd;d gpur;rpid vd;gJk; mjid vt;thW Kfhikj;Jtk;

nra;tJ vd;gJk; tptrhapfSf;Fj; njupahj epiyapy; cs;sJ. ,t;thwhd epiyikapd; fPo;g;; gapu;fspy; Vw;gLk; gPil Neha;g; gpur;rpidfSf;Fhpa

MNyhridfis tptrha ,urhadq;fis tpw;Fk; KfthplkpUe;Njh my;yJ may; tptrhapfsplkpUe;Njh ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. tptrha tpupthf;fj;

jpizf;fsq;fspy; epyTk; tpupthf;f cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspdJ gw;whf;Fiw ,j;jifa epiyikfSf;Fr; rhjfkhf mikfpd;wJ. ,t;thW tptrhapfs;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; MNyhridahdJ rpy Ntisfspy; gaDilajhf ,Uf;fpd;w NghjpYk; mit gpioahdjhfNth md;wpg; nghUj;jkw;wjhfNth

mikAk;NghJ ,e; epiyik tptrhapfspd; tho;thjhuj;ij Mgj;Jf;F cs;shf;ff;$baJ. mt;thwhd epiyapy; gapu;r;rpfpr;ir epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;

gPilfs; kw;Wk; Neha;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; gapu;r; Nrjq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd MNyhridfis toq;fpg; gapu; MNuhf;fpag; gpur;rpidfspy; ,Ue;J

tpLgl cjtp nra;fpwJ. ,r; rpW clik tptrhapfSf;Fg; gpuNahf uPjpahf MNyhridfisj; Njitahd NghJ toq;FtJld; gPil ehrpdpfspd;

mjPj kw;Wk; gpioahd ghtidiaAk; ,ad;wtiuapy; Fiwf;fpd;wJ. ,e; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lkhdJ ,yq;ifapy; 2013Mk; Mz;L Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L

vy;yh khtl;lq;fspYk; khfhz kw;Wk; khfhz ,il tptrha jpizf;fsq;fspdhy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;w rpwe;j Xu; tptrha tpupthf;ff;

fUtpahFk;.

nghJthfg; gapu;r; rpfpr;ir Kfhk;fspd; NghJ tptrhapfspdhy; nfhz;Ltug;gLk; gPil> Neha;fspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gapu; khjpupfs; cupa

Kiwapy; fz;lwpag;gl;L ,ytrkhf tha; top kw;Wk; vOj;J %ykhd MNyhridfs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,t; MNyhridfs; #oYf;F

ghJfhg;ghdjhfTk; ,t; MNyhridfs; %yk; gpNuupf;fg;gLk; cs;sPLfs; tptrhapfspdhy; tpiy nfhLj;J thq;ff;$bajhfTk;> cs;@upNyNa

,yFtpy; fpilf;ff;$bajhfTk; mikfpd;wd. vy;yhg; gapu;fspYk; Vw;gLk; vy;yh MNuhf;fpag; gpur;rpidfSf;Fk; xNu ,lj;jpy; tptrhapfs;

MNyhridfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. mNj Nghd;W Gjpa gPilg; gpur;rpidfisf; fz;lwpaTk; gPilj;jhf;fq;fs; guTtijf; fz;fhzpf;fTk;>

Neha; gPilfs; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis Nkk;gLj;jTk;> Muha;r;rpahsu;fs;> mikr;Rf;fs;> mur rhu;gw;w epWtdq;fSld;

,g;gapu;r; rpfpr;ir Kfhk;fspd; %yk; tptrhapfsplkpUe;J gapu; MNuhf;fpak; rk;ge;jkhd juTfs; gjpT nra;Ak; gbtq;fs; %yNkh my;yJ

,yj;jpudpay; tbtpNyh Nrfupf;fg;gl;L mit Plantwise ,dJ juT ikakhfpa POMS (Plantwise Online Management System) w;F mDg;gg;gLfpd;wd. ,j; juTfisj; NjitNaw;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; gFg;gha;T nra;tjd; %yk; me;je;jg; gpuNjrq;fspYs;s gPil Neha;fs; rk;ge;jkhd gy;NtWgl;l

tpguq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;s KbtJld; mit gw;wpa tpQ;Qhd uPjpahd nghUj;jkhd vjpu;T$wy;fisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. vdNt> gapu;r;rpfpr;ir

Kfhk;fis thue;NjhWk; my;yJ ,Uthuj;jpw;F xUKiw xNu ,lj;jpy; xNu Neuj;jpy;> tptrhapfspd; trjpf;F Vw;w tpjj;jpy; eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ

kpfTk; cd;djkhdJk;> tpidj;jpwdhdJkhd MNyhridfis toq;Ftjw;F toprikg;gJld; vkJ ehl;Lf;Fj; Njitahd gPil Neha;fs;

rk;ge;jkhd ey;ynjhU juTf; fsQ;rpaj;ijg; NgZtjw;Fk; cjTk;.

gr;ir kQ;rs; gl;bay;/ gPil Kfhikj;Jt topfhl;b (Green and Yellow List / Pest Management Decision Guide - PMDG)jhtu itj;jpau;fs; gapu;r; rpfpr;ir Kfhk;fspd; NghJ tpgukhdJk; gy;NtWgl;l fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfis cs;slf;fpaJkhd (detailed and

comprehensive) MNyhridfis toq;Ftjw;Fg; gPil Kfhikj;Jt topfhl;bfs; cjTfpd;wd. ,it tPjpg; Nghf;Ftuj;J rkpf;iQ tpsf;Ffspd; ntspr;rq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; cUthf;fg;gl;litahFk;. ,J capupay; kw;Wk; xUq;fpize;j fl;Lg;ghl;bw;fhd ru;tNjr epWtdj;jpd;

(International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control - IOBC) Kd;nkhopthFk;. xUq;fpize;j gPilKfhikj;Jtj;ijj; jpl;lkplTk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fkhd xU fUtpahf ,Ug;gJld; gPilfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gue;j mbg;gilapyhd xU R+oypay; mZFKiwahFk;.

mj;Jld; nghUshjhuj;ijAk;> R+oiyAk;> r%fj;ijAk; Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; xU tpNtfkhd njupthFk;. ,jpy; gr;ir epuy;fspy; cs;sit Kjypy;

rpghu;R nra;af;$ba / ghtpf;fg;glf; $ba gPil Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;G rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. kQ;rs; epuy;fspy; nghUj;jkhd NghJ rpghu;R nra;af;$ba/ ghtpf;fg;glf;$ba gPil ehrpdpfs; rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fSk; me; ehrpdpfs; njhlu;ghd tiuaiwfSk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. vdNt jhtu itj;jpau;fs; gaph;r; rpfpr;irapd; NghJ ,tw;iwf; fUj;jpy; vLj;Jr; #oYf;Fg; ghjpg;gpy;yhjthW nghUj;jkhd

rpghh;Rfis Nkw;nfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ.

rptg;G epuy;fs; nghJikg;ghlhf ,jpy; Nru;f;fg;gltpy;iy - ,it XUNghJk; rpghu;R nra;af;$lhjJ / ghtpf;fg;glf; $lhjJ y Kjyhk; epuy; - gpur;rpid> gpur;rpidfspd; glq;fs; ngwg;gl;l %yq;fs;> jfty;;fs; vd;gd Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. y ,uz;lhk; epuy; (jtpu;j;jy; / jLj;jy; - Prevention) - xU gPilj; jhf;fk; Vw;glKd; jtpu;g;gjw;fhd / jLg;gjw;fhd Kiwfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

,it cw;gj;jp tl;lj;jpy; Kd;dNuNa jpl;lkplg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

y %d;whk; epuy; (fz;fhzpj;jy; - Monitoring) - gPilfisf; fz;fhzpf;Fk; Kiwfs; kw;Wk; mg; gPilfspd; nghUshjhu vy;iy kl;lk; vd;gd Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

y ehd;fhk; epuy; (Neubf; fl;Lg;ghL gr;ir - Direct Control Green) - ngsjPfKiwfisg; ghtpj;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Kfhikj;Jt Kiwfs;> jhtug;gPil ehrpdpg; ghtid> capupay; gPilf;fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfs;> kw;Wk; nghwpfs; vd;gd Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

y Ie;jhk; epuy; (Neubf; fl;Lg;ghL kQ;rs; - Direct Control Yellow) - Vida Kfhikj;Jt Kiwfisg; ghtpj;J Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;a Kbahj tplj;Jj; NjitNaw;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; kl;Lk; ghtpf;ff; $ba Fiwe;j eQ;Rila gPil ehrpdpfspd; tpguq;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

y Mwhk; epuy; (tiuaiwfs; - Restrictions) - ,e;epuypy; NjitNaw;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; kl;Lk; ghtpf;ff; $ba Fiwe;j eQ;Rila gPil ehrpdpfisg; ghtpf;Fk; NghJ ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sNtz;ba me;ehrpdp njhlu;ghd tiuaiwfs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

viii

ix

Plantwise mwpT tq;fp (The Plantwise knowledge bank)

Plantwise ,dJ mwpT tq;fpahdJ me;je;j ehLfspYs;s gapu;r;rpfpr;ir Kfhk;fs;> gapu;r; Rfhjhu xOq;fikg;G> tptrha Muha;r;rp> tptrha tpupthf;fk; kw;Wk; ,ju rk;ge;jg;gl;l mikg;Gf;fis xUq;fpizf;fpd;w Xu; ghykhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. midtUk; ,t; ,izaj;jsj;ij kpfTk;

,yFthd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F Vw;w tifapy; tpQ;Qhd hPjpahd jfty;fis ,ytrkhf toq;Ffpd;wJ. tptrhapfSk; tptrha tpupthf;f

cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSk; gapu;fspy; Vw;gLk; Neha; gPilj; jhf;fq;fis kpf tpiuthfTk; tpidj;jpwdhfTk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F cjtp GuptJld; Fiwe;jsT

gapu; ,og;Gf;fSld; tptrhapfsJ tho;f;ifj; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F ,J ngupJk; top rikf;fpd;wJ.

Fwpg;gpl;l xU ehl;Lf;Fhpa Plantwise ,dJ mwpT tq;fpapd; ,izaj;jskhdJ gPil Neha;fs; rk;ge;jkhd vr;rhpf;iffs; cl;gl rfy tplaq;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,J Neha; gPilj; jhf;fq;fisg; Gifg;glq;fspd; cjtpAld; fz;lwptjw;Fhpa fUtpiaf; nfhz;bUg;gJld;

gy;NtWgl;l gapu;r; Rfhjhug; gpur;ridfSf;fhd juTg; gbtq;fisAk; toq;Ffpd;wJ. mj;Jld; gy gaDs;s xUq;fpize;j gapu; Kfhikj;Jtk;

rk;ge;jkhd ,izaj;jsq;fspd; KftupfisAk; gy ifNaLfisj; jutpwf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd trjpfisAk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

Plantwise ,dJ mwpT tq;fpia www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank vDk; ,izaj;js KftupapDhL ghu;j;Jg; gad;ngwyhk;.

crhj;Jizfs;; (References)–1. Pest Management Recommendations, Department of Agriculture, 20152. czTw;gj;jp Njrpa nraw;wpl;lk;> 2016-2018 ifNaL> tptrha mikr;R> ,yq;if.

3. Martin Keller, Beratungsring GemÜse Inforama, Ins, Switzerland, 2015 (MAS ICM, Crop Rotation module)4. Bandara P.T and Kulatunga W. M. D. H. 2014. Using the crop clinic concept to minimize the indiscriminate use of pesticides and promoting effective,

judicious pesticide use, www.plantwise.org5. www.plantwise.org6. www. bugwood.org

gPilfs;

1. new;gapupy; ,iy kbr;Rf;fl;b 1

2. new;gapupy; fgpyepwj; jz;Lj; jj;jp 3

3. new;gapupy; fWg;G %l;Lg;g+r;rp 5

4. new;gapupy; gdpg;g+r;rp 7

5. new;gapupy; kQ;rs; re;JFj;jp 9

6. new;gaphpy; kly; rpw;Wz;zp; 11

7. Nrhsk; jz;L Jisg;ghd; 13

8. fj;jupapy; fha; jz;L Jisg;ghd; 15

9. fj;jupapy; gr;ir ,iyj; jj;jp 17

10. fj;jupapy; rptg;G rpye;jpr; rpw;Wz;zp 19

11. kpsfhapy; fha; Jisg;ghd; 21

12. kpsfhapy; gdpg;G+r;rp 23

13. kpsfha;r; rpw;Wz;zp 25

14. kuf;fwpfspy; ntz; < 27

15. G+rzpf;FLk;gg; gapu;fspy; go < 29

16. g+rzpf;FLk;g gapu;fspy; mTyf;fNghwh tz;L 31

17. mtiug; gapu;fspd; fha;fspy; cwpQ;Rk; %l;Lg;g+r;rp 33

18. mtiug; gapu;fspy; fha; Jisg;ghd; 35

19. NghQ;rp < 37

20. NghQ;rpapy; ,iyr;Ruq;fkWg;gp 39

21. Nfhthtpy; ,iy mup GOf;fs; 41

22. Nfhth kw;Wk; ,iy kuf;fwpfspy; Nfhth ej;ij 43

23. Nfhthtpy; lakd;l; KJF me;Jg;G+r;rp (DBM) 45

24. ntq;fhaj; jhs;Nfhjpg;GO 47

25. ntq;fhaj;jpy; gdpg;G+r;rp 49

26. fPiuapy; njs;S tz;L 51

27. thioapy; ntz; %l;Lg;g+r;rp 53

28. thioapy; ,iy RUl;b / ];fpg;gu; 55

29. thioapy; fpoq;F ePs;%Q;rp tz;L 57

30. gg;ghrpapy; ntz;Kl;Lg; G+r;rp (khTg; G+r;rp) 59

31. go < (kh> nfha;ah> mtfhNlh> thio) 61

32. gog; gapu;fspy; jz;L Jisg;ghd; (J}upad;> wk;Gl;lhd;>

kh kw;Wk; md;dKd;dh) 63

33. gog;gapu;fspy; nkOFr; nrjpw;; g+r;rp (wk;Gl;lhd;> kh> kq;F];jhd;>

[k;G> md;dKd;dh> grd;gok;) 65

34. khtpy; ,iyj; jj;jp 67

35. jpuhl;irapy; gdpg;g+r;rp 69

36. md;dhrp ntz; %l;Lg;g+r;rp 71

LOSE LESS, FEED MOREPlantwise is a CABI-led global initiative. www.plantwise.org1

PEST MANAGEMENT DECISION GUIDE: GREEN AND YELLOW LIST

LOSE LESS, FEED MORE Plantwise is a CABI-led global initiative. www.plantwise.org


new;gapu;y; ,iy kbr;Rf;fl;b Cnaphalocrosis medinalis

,iyapid cz;Zk; Flk;gp mwpFwp (http://www.nbair.res.in)

epiwAlyp (www.irri.org)

,iykbr;Rf; fl;bapd; Nrj mwpFwp (www.agritech.tnau.ac.in)

jtpu;j;jy; fz;fhzpj;jy; Neubf; fl;Lg;ghL Neubf; fl;Lg;ghL tiuaiwfs; rupahd fhyj;jpy; gapu;nra;jy;.

(ngUk; Nghfj;jpy; Ig;grp eLg;gFjpapy; kw;Wk; rpW Nghfj;;jpy; rpj;jpiu khjj;jpy;).

taiyr; #o cs;s epoy; midj;ijAk; gUtfhyj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpNyna mfw;Wjy;

rpghu;R nra;ag;gl;l mstpyhd tpijfisg; gad;gLj;jy; (100-125 kg/ha).

rpghu;R nra;ag;gl;l mstpy; ,iy epw ml;ltizf;F Vw;g grisfis ,ly;.

iejurd; grisapid gpupj;J gFjp gFjpahf ,ly;. (kl;lk; ntbf;f Muk;gpf;Fk; NghJ (14-20 ehl;fs;), kl;lk; ntbf;Fk; fhyk; (25-35 ehl;fs;), fjpu;fs; Njhd;Wk; fhyk; /Kd;Fliyg; gUtk; (40-50 ehl;fs;), gpd; Fliyg; gUtk; Kjy; G+f;Fk;fhyk; tiu (55-65ehl;fs;).

Kiwahd fisf;fl;Lg;ghl;il taypYk; taiyr; #o cs;s gFjpfspYk; fpukkhf Nkw;f;nfhs;Sjy;

fz;%bj;jdkhfg; gue;j mstpy; gue;J nrayhw;Wk; G+r;rpehrpdpg;gpuNahfj;ij jtpHj;jy;

gapupd; ,dg;ngUf;fg; gUtjpy; ,Ue;J ,iyfspy; nts;is epw jpl;Lf;fs;; cs;sdth vd mtjhdpf;fTk;.

kl;lk; ntbf;Fk; gUtjpy; Nrjkile;j kbe;j ,iyapDs; GOf;fis mtjhdpf;fTk;.

mjpf Nrjj;jpd; NghJ epiwAlyp me;Jg;G+r;rpfis taypy; fhzyhk;.

500m2 gug;gstpy; vOe;jkhdkhf 10 epiyaq;fis njupT nra;J 10 Flk;gpfs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lhy; my;yJ 25% ,iyfs; Nrjg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jhy; G+r;rpehrpapid gad;gLj;jTk;. (kQ;rs; epwj;jpy; cs;s “Neubf; fl;Lg;ghL” vd;w epuiy ghu;f;fTk;).

Nrjk; njd;gl Muk;gpf;Fk; NghJ GOf;fis Nrjkile;j ,iyAld; NrHj;J mfw;w Ntz;Lk; (taypy; Nrjk; jpl;Lf;fshf njd;gLk; NghJ)

jhf;fj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; rpghu;R nra;ag;gl;l G+r;rpehrpapid Nrjkile;j ,lj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ,aw;if vjpupfisg; ghJfhf;f KbAk;;

gpg;GNwhdpy; 50 g/l SC gpuNahf msT 384-480 ml/ha Ijhf;fy; msT: 12 ml/10 lit ePH

WHO tFg;G II NjdPf;fspw;F eQ;Rj;jd;ikahdJ.

nknjhf;rpgPNdhrapl; 240 g/l SC gpuNahf msT 320-400 ml/ha Ijhf;fy; msT: 10 ml/10 lit ePH

tUlj;jpw;F mjp$ba msthf %d;W Kiw kl;LNk gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;

njhlHr;rpaf ,U Kiw kl;LNk gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

WHO tFg;G U

nugpAngNdhrapl; 200 g/l SC gpuNahf msT 640-800 ml/ha Ijhf;fy; msT: 20 ml/10 lit ePH

WHO tFg;G U

FNshu;GSrNuhd; 50 g/l EC gpuNahf msT 256-320 ml/ha Ijhf;fy; msT: 8 ml/10 lit ePH

WHO tFg;G U

mrbwf;upd; 10 g/l EC gpuNahf msT 1600-2000 ml/ha Ijhf;fy; msT: 50 ml/10 lit ePH

WHO tFg;G U ,iunfstp rpw;Wz;zpfspw;Fk; rpy g+

%l;Lg;G+r;;rpfspw;Fk; eQ;rhFk;. Ny];tpq;, $tu; http://www.nbair.res.in

epiwAlyp> www.irri.org

,iykbr;Rf; fl;bapd; Nrj

mwpFwp> www.agritech.tnau.ac.in

jLj;jy; fz;fhzpj;jy; Neubf; fl;Lg;ghL Neubf; fl;Lg;ghL tiuaiwfs;

y rupahd fhyj;jpy; gapu;nra;aTk;;. (ngUk; Nghfj;jpy; Ig;grp eLg;gFjp

apy; kw;Wk; rpW Nghfj;;jpy; rpj;jpiu

khjj;jpy;).

y t a i y r ; # o c s ; s e p o y ; midj;ijAk; gUtfhyj;jpd;

Muk;gj;jpNyNa mfw;wTk;.

y r p g h u ; R n r a ; a g ; g l ; l m s T tpijfisg; gad;gLj;jTk; (100-

125 kg/ha). y rpghu;R nra;ag;gl;l mstpy; ,iy

epw ml;ltizf;F Vw;gg; gris

fis ,lTk;.

y iejurd; grisapidg; gpupj;Jg; gFjp gFjpahfj ; Njitahd

mstpy; ,lTk;. kl;lk; ntbf;f

Muk;gpf; Fk; NghJ (14-20 ehl;fs;)>

kl;lk; ntbf;Fk; fhyk; (25-35

ehl;fs;)> fjpu;fs; Njhd;Wk; fhyk;

/Kd;Fl iyg; gUtk; (40-50 ehl;fs;), gpd; Fliyg; gUtk; Kjy; G+f;Fk;fhyk; tiu (55-65ehl;fs;).

y Kiwahd fisf;fl;Lg;ghl;il taypYk; taiyr; #o cs;s

gFjpfspYk; fpukkhf Nkw;nfhs;

sTk;.

y f z ; % b j ; j d k h d g u e ; J nrayhw;Wk; G+r;rpehrpdpg; gpuNah

fj;ij jtph;f;fTk;.

y gapupd; ,dg;ngUf;fg; gUtj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,iyfspy; nts;is

epwj; njhl;lq;fs; cs;sdth

vd mtjhdpf;fTk;.

y kl;lk; ntbf;Fk; gUtj;jpy; N r j k i l e ; j k b f ; f g ; g l ; l

, i y a p D s ; G O f ; f i s

mtjhdpf;fTk;.

y mjpf Nrjj;jpd; NghJ epiwAlyp me ;Jg ; G +r ;r pfis taypy ;

fhzyhk;.

y 500m2 gug;gstpy; vOe;jkh dkhf 10 epiyaq;fisj; njupT

nra;J 10 Flk;gpfs; mtjhdpf;fg;

gl;lhy; my;yJ 25% ,iyfs; N r j g ; g L j ; j g ; g l ; b U e ; j h y ;

G + r ; r p e h r p d p f i s g ; g a d ;

gLj;jTk;. (kQ;rs; “Neubf;

fl;Lg;ghL” epuiyg; ghu;f;fTk;).

y Nrjk; njd;gl Muk;gpf ;Fk; NghJ GOf;fisr; Nrjkile;j

,iyAld; Nrh;;j;J mfw;wTk;.

( t a y p y ; N r j k ; j d p a h d

njhl;lkhfj; njd;gLk; NghJ) y gpg;Nwhdpy; 50 g/l SC y gpuNahf msT 384-480 ml/ha y Ijhf;fy; msT : 12 ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh;

y nknjhf;rpngNdhrapl; 240 g/l SC y gpuNahf msT 320-400 ml/ha y Ijhf;fy; msT : 10 ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh;

y nugpAngNdhrapl; 200 g/l SC y gpuNahf msT 640-800 ml/ha y Ijhf;fy; msT : 20 ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh;

y FNshu;GSrNuhd; 50 g/l EC y gpuNahf msT : 256 - 320 ml /ha y Ijhf;fy; msT : 8 ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh; y mrbwf;upd; 10 g/l EC y gpuNahf msT : 1600-2000 ml/ha y Ijhf;fy; msT : 50 ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh;

y FNwhkngNdhrapl; 50 g/l SC y gpuNahf msT 320 - 400 ml/ha y Ijhf;fy; msT: 10 ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh;

y nehtYNuhd; 100% g/l EC y gpuNahf msT : 320-400 ml/ha y Ijhf;fy; msT : 10 ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh;

y gPilehrpdpfisf; ifahSk; NghJ vg;NghJk; ; jw;fhg;G cilfisAk; cgfuzq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jTk;.

y gPilehrpdpfisf; ifahSk; Kd; mwpTWj;jy;fisf; ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;. y gPilehrpdpfisj; njspf;Fk; NghJ cz;Zjy;> Fbj;jy;> Gifj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jtph;f;fTk;.

y WHO tFg;G II y NjdPf;fspw;F er;;Rj;jd;ikahdJ.

y tUlj;jpw;F mjp$ba msthf %d;W Kiw kl;LNk gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;

y njhlh;r;rpaf ,U Kiw kl;LNk gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

y WHO tFg;G U y WHO tFg;G U

y WHO tFg;G U

y WHO tFg;G U y ,iunfstpr; rpw;Wz;zpfspw;Fk; rpy g+ %l;Lg;G+r;rpfspw;Fk; eQ;rhFk;. Ny];tpq;>

$tu;




























WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U



%l;Lg;G+r;;rpfspw;Fk; eQ;rhFk;. Ny];tpq;, $tu;




























WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U



%l;Lg;G+r;;rpfspw;Fk; eQ;rhFk;. Ny];tpq;, $tu; Kjph;r;rpg; gUtj;jpy; 8 - 10 fgpyj;jj;jp / epiyak;

y ePiu tbj;J ,uz;L ehl;fSf;F epyj;ijf; fha tplTk;. ,J

tpisgad; mw;wnjdpd; G+r;rp

ehrpdpfisg; ghtpf;fTk;. (Neubf;

fl ;Lg ;ghL kQ;rs ; e puiyg ;

ghh;f;fTk;)

y gaph ; Kjph ;r ;r pg ; gtUj ;j py ; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ fgpyj; jz;Lj;

j j ; j p a p d ; F b j ; n j h i f

nghUshjhu vy;iy kl;lj;ij

tpl mjpfhpj ;j pUg ;g pd ; e Piu

tbj;J mWtil nra;a jpl;lkpl;l

ehl;fSf;F 2 - 3 ehl;fSf;F Kd;

mWtil nra;aTk;.

y gpAgNuhngrpd; 25% SC (gpuNahf msT 480ml/ha Ijhf;fy; msT: 15 ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh; )

y , k p l h F N s h g p w p l ; 7 0 % W G (g puNahf msT 50-60 g /ha Ijhf;fy; msT: 1.5 g/10 yPw;wu; ePh;)

y jpNahirf;fpshk; 50%SP (gpuNahf msT 800-1000 g/ha Ijhf;fy; msT: 3 g/10 yPw;wu; ePh;)

y jpahnknjhf ;rhk ; 25 % WG (gpuNahf msT 96-120 g/ha Ijhf;fy; msT: 3 g/10 yPw;wu; ePh;)

y vw;Nwhngd;GNuhf;]; 100g/l EC (gpuNahf msT 96-120 g/ha Ijhf;fy; msT: 3 g/10 yPw;wu; ePh;)

y vjpg;Nwhy; 100g/l SC (gpuNahf msT: 480-600 ml/ha Ijhf;fy; msT: 15 ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh;

y gPilehrpdpfisf; ifahSk; NghJ vg;NghJk;; jw;fhg;G cilfisAk; cgfuzq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jTk;.

y gPilehrpdpfisf; ifahSk; Kd; mwpTWj;jy;fisf; ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;. y gPilehrpdpfisj; njspf;Fk; NghJ cz;Zjy;> Fbj;jy;> Gifj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jtph;f;fTk;.

y WHO tFg ;G U k Pd ;fSf;F j Pq ;F tpistpf;ff; $bad

y WHO tFg;G II y epf;nfhl;bndhapl;, njhFjp ehrpdp y ,iunfstp r pw ;Wz;zpfs ; , kyu ; %l;Lg;g+r;rp> ed;ik nra;Ak; xl;Lz;zpfs;

NybNgl; tz;L vd;gtw;wpf;F er;Rj;jd;ik

ahdJ. Ny];tpq; g+r;rpfSf;F eLj;ju

er;Rj;jd;ikahdJ.

y WHO tFg;G II y NjdPf;fs;, ed;ik nra;Ak; xl;Lz; zpfs; kw;Wk; Nuht; tz;LfSf;F er;Rj;jd;ik

ahdJ. ,iunfstp rpw;Wz;zpfspw;F

eLj;ju er;Rj;jd;ikahdJ.

y WHO tFg;G IV y njhLif epNah epf;nfhl;bndhapl; G+r;rp ehrpdp

y ePh; tho; mq;fpfSf;F kpfTk; er;Rj;jd; ikahdJ

y NjdPfSf;F mjPj er;Rj;jd;ikahdJ y G+f;Fk; gUtj;jpy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;lhk;.

y WHO tFg;G U

y Muk;g epiyapy; fgpy epwj; jz;Lj; jj;jpapd; jhf;f mwpFwpfs; taypy; tl;lkhd njhl;lk; njhl;lkhff; fhzg;gbd; mt;tplq;fSf;F kl;Lk; rpghu;R

nra;ag;gl;l G+r;rpehrpdp gpuNahfpg;gjw;F rpghh;R nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

y FUzy; G+r;rpehrpdp gpuNahfpf;f Kd; ePiug; G+uzkhf tbf;fTk; y G+r;rpehrpdp gpuNahfk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ jhtuj;jpd; mbg;gFjpf;Fg;

gpuNahfpf;fTk;;;.




























WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U































WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U



%l;Lg;G+r;;rpfspw;Fk; eQ;rhFk;. Ny];tpq;, $tu; D.S.N. re;jpuNrd, RRDC, nghk;Gnty

,we;j ,Uja mwpFwp

G.D.S.N. re;jpuNrd> RRDC, nghk;Gnty


y mWtilf;Fg; gpd;du; taiy cOJ mbf;fl;ilfis kz;Zld;

Nru;f;fTk;

y xNu fhyj;jpy; gapuplTk; y xNu fhyj;jpy; Kjpu ;tilAk;

tFg;igr; Nru;e;j ney; tu;f;fq;

fis xNu gpuNjrj;jpy; gapuplTk;

y tayAk; Rw;whliyAk; Rj;jkhfg; guhkhpf ;ff ; fis Kfhikj;

Jtj;ij Nkw;nfhs;sTk;.

y capupay; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; fhuzp fshd xl;Lz;zpf; Fstpfs;>

rpye;jpfs; kw;Wk; epytz;Lfs;

Nghd;wtw;wpd; nraw;ghl;bid

Cf;Ftpf;fTk;

gpd;tUtdtw;iwj; fpukkhf mtjh

dpf;fTk;

y jhtuq;fs; kQ;rshjy; y N j d ; g h z p g ; g b T , d ; w p

kl;lq;fs; thLjy;

y mbapypUe;J ,Oj;njLf;f Kbahj ,we;j ,jak;

y epuk;ghj new;fjpu;fs;

y Xspg; nghwpfis ];jhgpf;fTk; (4 – 6 nghwpfs; Vf;fUf;F)

y Nrjj ;j pd ; Muk ;gj ;j pNyNa 2-3 ehl;fSf;F taypy; ePiuj;

Njf ;f p itf ;fTk ; ,jdhy ;

G+r;rpfs; Nky;Nehf;fp efUtij

C f ; F t p f ; f T k ; K l ; i l f s ;

,wg;gjw;Fk; VJthapUf;Fk;.

y ry;nghf;rhGNshu; 240 SC y gpuNahfpf;Fk; msT - 200ml/ha

y Ijhf;fy; msT - 6ml / 10 yPw;wu; ePu;

y ry;nghf;rhGNshu; 50WG y gpuNahfpf;Fk; msT - 100g/ha

y Ijhf;fy; msT - 3g / 10 yPw;wu; ePu;

y fhNghry;ghd; 200g/l SC y Ijhf;fy; msT - 30ml / 10 yPw;wu; ePu;

y gpuNahfpf;Fk; msT - 960ml/ha

y jpNahirf;fpshk; 50%SP y gpuNahf msT 800g/ha y Ijhf;fy; msT : 20g/10 yPw;wu; ePh;

y larpNdhd; 500g/l EW y gpuNahf msT 960ml/ha y Ijhf;fy; msT : 30ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh;


y gPilehrpdpfisf; ifahSk; Kd; mwpTWj;jy;fisf; ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;. y gPilehrpdpfisj; njspf;Fk; NghJ cz;Zjy;> Fbj;jy;> Gifj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jtph;;f;fTk;.

y njhFjpg; g+r;rpehrpdp> g+r;rp euk;G eQ;rhfj; njhopw;glf; $baJ.

y NjdPf;fSf;F mjpf er;;Rj;jd;ikahdJ

y njhFjpg; g+r;rpehrpdp> g+r;rp euk;G eQ;R. y NjdPf;fSf;F mjpf er;;Rj;jd;ikahdJ

y WHO tFg;G II y njhFjp kw;Wk; ,iug;igj; njhopw;ghLila njhFjp g+r;rpehrpdp

y WHO tFg;G II (eLj;ju er;;Rj;jd;ik) y Nuht; tz;Lfs;> ed;ik nra;Ak; xl;Lz;zpfs; kw;Wk; NjdPf;fSf;F er;;Rj;jd;ikahdJ

y WHO tFg;G II y njhFjpay;yhjJ> Nrjd nghRNgw;W y ,iunfstpr; rpw;Wz;zpfs;> rpye;jpfs;> Nuht; tz;Lfs;> $tu; NjdPf;fs;> kz;GOf;fs;

kw;Wk; kPd;fSf;F er;;Rj;jd;ikahdJ




























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WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U































WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U



%l;Lg;G+r;;rpfspw;Fk; eQ;rhFk;. Ny];tpq;, $tu; [Ptdp khurpq;;f> b];dh ul;zrpq;f, M.U.P. [aRe;ju, N. `g;Gnfhl;Lt> Uf;khyp Fzghy> GDSN. re;jpuNrd (tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;)jpUj;jpatu;: CABI

new;gapupy; gdpg;g+r;rpStenchaetothrips biformis

epiwAlypg; gdpg;g+r;rp>

www.irri.org

Nrjkile;j ,iyfspy;

mwpFwp> www.irri.org

Nrjkile;j tay;> G.D.S.N. re;jpurpwP


y rupahd fhyj;jpy; gapuplTk;. ngUk;Nghfk; (Ig;grp ,ilg;gFjp)

rpWNghfk; (rpj;jpiu)

y xNu fhyj;jpy; gapuplTk;. y cupa gaph; mlh;j;jpiag; ngwr;

rpghh;R nra;ag;gl;l tpij msitg;

gad; gLj;jTk;.

y rpghu;R nra;ag;gl;l g+r;rpehrpdp fshy; tpijfisg; gupfupf;fTk;.

(kQ;rs; epw Neubf; fl;Lg;ghl;ilg;

ghu;f;fTk;)

y rpghu ;R nra;ag ;gl ;l mstpy; iejurd; grisia ,lTk;.

y t p N r l k h f M u k ; g g ; g j p a tsu;r;rpg; gUtj;jpy; gpd;tUk;

mwpFwpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wdth

vd mt jhdpf;fTk;. (gapupd;

Kjy; 4 - 5 thuq;fs;)

y kbf;fg;gl;l ,iy EdpapDs;Ns gdpg;G+r;rp fhzg;gly;

y nts;sp epw tupf;NfhLfs; kw;Wk; epwkw;w CLGff;$ba mil

ahsq;fs; nfhz;l Nrjkile;j

,iy

y cf;fpu epiyapy; Fd;wpa tsh;r;rp> thly;> vhpT kw;Wk; ehw;Wf;fs;

,wj;jy;.

y Fiwe;jsT NrjKs;s Ntis fspy; gpd;tUk; Kfhikj;Jt

Kiwfis Nkw;nfhs;sTk;.

y 2 - 3 ehl;fSf;F taypy; ePiuj; Njf;fp itj;Jg; gpd; tbf;fTk;.

y ePiu 3 -4 mq;Fy cau kl;lj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L thiof; Fw;wp

fshy; ,Oj;Jg; gdpg;g+r;rpfis

ePUf;Fs; tPo;j;jp ePiu tbf;fTk;.

y tpijg; gupfuzj;jpw;F : y jpahnknjhf;rhk; 70% WS y Ijhf;fy; msT- 25g / 500 ml ePUf;F 100 kg tpij

y vjpg;GNwhy; 100g / yPw;wu; SC y Ijhf;fy; msT – 10ml/ 10 yPw;wu; ePu;

y gpuNahfpf;Fk; msT – 320 – 400ml / ha

y fhNghry;ghd; 200g / yPw;wu; SC y Ijhf;fy; msT – 20ml/ 10 yPw;wu; ePu;


y larpNdhd; 500g / yPw;wu; EW y Ijhf;fy; msT – 15ml/ 10 yPw;wu; ePu;



y gPilehrpdpfisf; ifahSk; Kd; mwpTWj;jy;fisf; ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;. y gPilehrpdpfisj; njspf;Fk; NghJ cz;Zjy;> Fbj;jy;> Gifj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jtpu;f;fTk;.

y WHO tFg;G U

y WHO tFg;G U

y WHO tFg;G II

y WHO tFg;G II y njhFjpay;yhjJ> Nrjd nghRNgw;W y ,iunfstpr; rpw;Wz;zpfs;> rpye;jpfs;> Nuht; tz;Lfs;> $tu;




























WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U































WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U




G.D.S.N. re;jpuNrd

kQ;rs; re;JFj;jpapd;

jhf;fj;jhy; Vw;gLk; ,we;j

,jak;> G.D.S.N. re;jpuNrd

kQ;rs; re;JFj;jpapd;

jhf;fj;jhy; Vw;gLk;

ntz;fjph;> G.D.S.N. re;jpuNrd


y re;J Fj;jpapdhy; Nrjkile;j gapupd; mbf;fl;ilfis mopf;fTk;

y mWtilapd; gpd;du; epyj;ij Mokhf cOJ taYf;F ePiuf;

fl;lTk;

y FWfpafhyg; gapu; tu;f;fq;fisg; gapuplTk;

y mt;tg;NghJ ePupd; kl;lj;ij mjpfupf;fTk;. jhtuj;jpd; fPo;g;

gFjpapy; ,lg;gl;l Kl;ilfs; ePUs;

xU ehSf;F mkpo;e;jpUf;FkhW

tplTk;

y Fstpfs; > vWk;Gfs; > nghwp tz;Lfs;> g+r;rpfs;> nrtpg;g+r;rpfs;>

rpye;jpfs; kw;Wk; gwitfs;

Nghd;w ed;ik jUk; mq;fpfspd;

elkhl;lj;ij Cf;Ftpf;fTk;

y rpghu;R nra;ag;gl;l mstpYk;; rupahd fhyj;jpYk; iejurd;

grisiag; gpupj;J ,lTk;

y ,iyfspd ; Nky ; Kl ;ilf ; Ftpay;fs;> ,we;j ,jak;>

ntz;fjpu; vd;gd cs;sdth

vdf; fpukkhf mtjhdpf;fTk;

y nghUshfhu vy;iy kl;lk; - 10% ,we;j ,jak; my;yJ 5% ntz;fjpu;

y Kl;ilf; Ftpay;fis mfw;wTk;

y FNshud;udpypGNwhy; 20% + jpNahnknjhf;rhk; 20% WG

y gpuNahfpf;Fk; msT – 50g/ ha y gpg;Nwhdpy; 0.3% GR y gpuNahfpf;Fk; msT – 12kg/ ha y fhNghry;ghd; 200g/ yPw;wu; SC y Ijhf;fy; msT – 30ml/ 10 yPw;wu; ePu;

y gpuNahfpf ;Fk; msT – 960 – 1200ml / ha


y gPilehrpdpfisf; ifahSk; Kd; mwpTWj;jy;fisf; ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;. y gPilehrpdpfisj; njspf;Fk; NghJ cz;Zjy;> Fbj;jy;> Gifj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jtpu;f;fTk;;.

y WHO tFg;G U

y WHO tFg;G II

y WHO tFg;G II

y Nrjj;jpd; msT nghUshjhu vy;iy kl;lj;ij tpl mjpfupf;Fk; NghJ khj;jpuk; g+r;rpehrpdpfisg; gad;gLj;jTk;

y Njitaw;w g+r;rpehrpdpg; gpuNahfj;ijj; jtpu;f;fTk;




























WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U































WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U



%l;Lg;G+r;;rpfspw;Fk; eQ;rhFk;. Ny];tpq;, $tu; Fjpiu thy;

Gy;> Leptochloa chinensis Mfpa tw;iw mopf;fTk;

y m b f ; f l ; i l g ; g a p h ; f i s j ; jtph;g;gjw;F njhw;wpa mbf;fl;il

fis vhpf;fTk;.

y mWtilapd; gpd; Mokhf cOJ Kd;ida gaph; kPjpfspy; ney; kly;

rpw;Wz;zp> ,iy kly; ntspwy;>

jz;lOfy; Nghd;wit fhzg;gbd;

mtw;iw Mokhf Gijf;fTk;

y Row;rp Kiwg; gapu;r;nra;ifia NtW FLk;gj; jhtuq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sTk;.

y J}a;ikahd cgfuzq;fisAk; ,ae;jpuq;fisAk; ghtpf;fTk;

y njhw;Ws;s taypid 3 khj fhyk; gaph ;nra;if Nkw;nfhs;shJ

juprhf tplTk;

y J}a;ikahd mj;jhl;rpg; gLj;jpa tpijney;iyg; gad;gLj;jTk;.

y tpijney; %yk; rpw;Wz;zpfs; guTk; vd;gjhy; tpij ney;iy

ePupy; Cwitf;f Kd; #upa xspapy;

cyh;j;jTk;.

y ghjpf;fg;gl;l ghj;jpfspypUe;J ePh; Vida ghj;jpfspw;Fr; nry;tijj;

jLf;fTk;.

y F l i y f ; F K d ; g U t k ; > F l i y g ; g U t q ; f s ; m j p f

jhf;fj;jpw;F cs;shff;$ba

gUtq;fs; vd;gjhy; ftdkhf

fz;fhzpf;fTk;

y Cjh fye;j fgpyepwkhd fhaq; fs; ,iyklypy; fhzg;gLjy;, Neuhd fjpu;fspy; jhdpaq;fspd;

epwk; mopjy; Nghd;w mwpFwpfs;

fhzg;gLjy; Mfpadtw;iwf;

fz;fhzpf;fTk;.

y ngd;igNwhf;];rpNkw; 50g/l EC y Ijhf;fy; msT : 8ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh; y gpuNahf msT : 300 – 350 ml/ha

y vnuhf;rNrhy; 10% SC y Ijhf;fy; msT : 8ml/10 yPw;wu; ePh; y gpuNahf msT : 350ml/ha

y n`f;rpjahnrhf;]; 10% WP y Ijhf;fy; msT : 8g/10 yPw;wu; ePh; y gpuNahf msT : 900g/ha


y gPilehrpdpfisf; ifahSk; Kd; mwpTWj;jy;fisf; ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;. y gPilehrpdpfisj; njspf;Fk; NghJ cz;Zjy;> Fbj;jy;> Gifj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jtpu;f;fTk;.

y WHO tFg;G III y ed;ik nra;Ak; xl;Lz;zpfs; NybNgl; tz;L ,iunfstpr; rpw;Wz;zpfs;; kPd;fs;

vd;gtw;wpf;F er;Rj;jd;ikahdJ.

y WHO tFg;G U y k Pd ;fspw ;f ;F er ;Rj ;jd ;ikahdJ. ,iunfstpr; rpw;Wz;zpfs; Ny];tpq;

g + r ; r p f s ; v d ; g t w ; w p f ; F e L j ; j u

er;Rj;jd;ikahdJ.

y WHO tFg;G U

y gpd;tUk; gPilehrpdpisf; Fliyg;gUtj;jpy; (Nghfj;jpy; xU Kiw gpuNahfpf;fTk;)




























WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U































WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U



%l;Lg;G+r;;rpfspw;Fk; eQ;rhFk;. Ny];tpq;, $tu; ehl ;b 3-4 thuq;fspd;

gpd;dUk; ,lTk;.

y njhw;Wjyile;j jhtuq;fs; cs ;sdth vdf ; f pukkhf

mtjhdpf;fTk;.

y jz;L kw ;Wk ; ,iyfspy ; Jisfs;> ,we;j ,jak; kw;Wk;

gPilfspd; fopTfs; Nghd;w

Nrjkile;;j mwpFwpfs; cs;s

dth vdg; ghu;f;fTk;.

y , J g u t y i l t i j A k ; ,uz;lhk; epiyj; njhw;iwAk;

jtpu ;f ;fj ; njhw ;wyile ;j

jz;Lld; jhtuq;fis mfw;wp

mopf;fTk;.

y gapupl;L 3k; 5k; thuq;fSf;Fg; gpd;du; ikaRUs;fspy; FUzy;fis ,lTk;

(gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; xd;W)

y larpNdhd; 5% GR (gpuNahfpf;Fk; msT -10-15kg/ ha)

y gpg;Nuhdpy; 0.3% GR (gpuNahfpf;Fk; msT -12kg/ ha)

y ehl ;b 25-35 ehl ;fs; kw ;Wk; 45-55 ehl;fspy; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; xd;iw

ikar;RUs;fSs; Neubahfj; njspf;fTk;

y jpUk;gj; jpUk;gg ; gad;gLj; Jtjhy; g +r ;r pfspy ; vjpu ;g ;Gj ; jd ;ik Vw ;gl

tha;g;Gs;sJ

y nehtYNwhd; 100g/EC y Ijhf;fy; msT – 10ml/ 10 yPw;wu; ePu; y gpuNahfpf;Fk; msT – 320 – 600ml / Ha y vw;Nwhngd;Gnwhf;]; 100g/EC y Ijhf;fy; msT – 15ml/ 10 yPw;wu; ePu; y gpuNahfpf;Fk; msT – 480 – 900ml / Ha


y gPilehrpdpfisf; ifahSk; Kd; mwpTWj;jy;fisf; ftdkhf thrpf;fTk;. y gPilehrpdpfisj; njspf;Fk; NghJ cz;Zjy;> Fbj;jy;> Gifj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jtpu;f;fTk;;.

y larpNdhd; - y WHO tFg;G II y ,iunfstpr; rpw;Wz;zpfs;> r pye ;j pfs ; > $tu ;

Nuht; tz;Lfs;> NjdPf;fs;>

kz;GOf;fs; kw;Wk; kPd;fSf;F

er;Rj;jd;ikAilaJ. kyu;

%l;Lg; g+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; ed;ik

nra ;Ak ; xl ;Lz;zpfSf;F

eLj;ju er;Rj;jd;ikAilaJ.

y gpg;Nuhdpy; y WHO tFg;G III

y WHO tFg;G U (IV) y g+r;rp tsu;r;rp xOq;fhf;fp

y WHO tFg;G U (IV)




























WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U































WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U


WHO tFg;G U



%l;Lg;G+r;;rpfspw;Fk; eQ;rhFk;. Ny];tpq;, $tu; [Ptdp khurpq;;f (tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;)jpUj;jpatu;: CABI

fj;jupapy; fha; jz;L Jisg;ghd;Leucinodes orbonalis

GO kw;Wk; Nrjkile;j

mq;Fug; gFjp, K.P Nrhkre;jpu

GO> Nrjkile;j fha;, K.P Nrhkre;jpu

,sk; mq;Fug; gFjpfs;

gPilj; jhf;fj;jpdhy; thbf;

fhzg;gLjy;, K.P Nrhkre;jpu


y gaph; nra;Ak; ,lj;jpy; gPilapd; tuyhw;Wj; jfty;fisr; Nrfhpf;

fTk;.

y fj;jup mbf;fl;ilfis mopf;fTk; y ghjnfhl Nghd;w rfpg;Gj; jd;ik

As;s ,dq;fisg; gapuplTk;

y Njhl;lj;ijr; #o 2m caukhd ngsjpfj; jilia rpwpatiy / kypthf fpilf;f$ba nghUl;

fisf; nfhz;L ];jhgpf;fTk;

(thior;rUF, fpLF) y fj;jupiag; gapupLtjw;F 2-3

thuq;fspw;F Kd;djhf vy;iyg;

gapuhff; fj;jhpj; Njhl;lj;ijr;

Rw;wp Nrhsj;ijg; gapuplTk;;.

y Row;rp Kiwg; gapu;r;nra;ifapid mtiuf; FLk;gj; jhtuq;fisg;


y Mokhf cOtjd; %yk; $l;Lg; GOf;fis Neubahfr; #upa xspf;F

ntspf;fhl;b mopf;fTk;.

y rpghu;R nra;ag;gl;l mstpy; gris fis ,lTk;.

y fyg ;Gg ; gapu ;r ;nra ;ifapid mtiuf; FLk;gj; jhtuq;fisg;


y Njhl;lj;ijr; #o ,aw;ifahd jhtug;guk;giyg; ghJfhg;gjd;

%yk; Trathala flavoorbitalis vDk; ,aw;if vjpupfisg; ghJfhf;

fTk;.

y eLif nra;J xU khjj;jpd; gpd; ,sk; mq;Fug; gFjpfs;

thbf; fhzg;gLfpwjh vd

mtjhdpf;fTk;.

y rpwpa Jisfs; fha;fspd; Ve;jpg; gFjpapd; fPo; fhzg;gLfpwjh

vd mtjhdpf;fTk;.

y m q ; F u g ; g F j p f s p Y k ; > f h a ; f s p Y y ; G O f ; f s p d ;

fopTfs; fhzg;gLfpwjh vd

mtjhdpf;fTk;.

y xspg;nghwpiag; gad;gLj;jp (kpd;rhu my;yJ kz;nzz;iz

mhpf;fd; tpsf;Ffs;) epiwA

l y p a p d ; e l k h l ; l j ; i j f ;

fz;fhzpf;fTk;.

y Nrjkile;j mq;Fug ; gFjp fisAk;> fha;fisAk; ifahy;

gpLq;fp mopf;fTk;

y Ntg;gk; tpijfis ePupy; Cw itj;Jj; njspf ;fTk; ( 30g Ntg;gk; tpijfs;/ 1yPw;wu; ePh;)

y GOf;fisf; nfhy;tjw;F mW tilapd;NghJ Nrjkile;j

fha ;fisj ; njh pe ;J 3

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