towards the future generation of adaptive glazing facades
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Towards the Future Generation of Adaptive Glazing Facades](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042715/55a06a591a28ab75388b4742/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Towards the future generation of
adaptive glazing facades
Adaptive Façade Conference 2014
European Façade Network Conference – 28th November 2014
PhD student: Fabio Favoino
Supervisor: Dr Mauro Overend
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Contents
2 Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
1. State-Of-The-Art of adaptive glazing
2. Future generation of adaptive glazing
3. Description of the method and the tool designed
4. Energy saving potentials
5. Optimal thermo-optical properties
SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Results
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Energy in office buildings: building envelope design
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N
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Helsinki, FI HDD 3902 London, UK HDD 1828 Rome, IT HDD 1415
Ref: Jin et al. (2014), Sensitivity of façade performance to early-stage design variables, Energy and Buildings 77, 457-466
Transparent Building Envelope properties [U-value, g-value, Tvis] have the highest
impact on energy consumption of a building in different climates (office buildings)
SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Glazing Technologies: State-of-the-art
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Glazing Adaptive Technologies: State-of-the-art
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Glazing Adaptive Technologies: the future?
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Define the characteristics of future generation adaptive glazing :
- Energy saving potential (overall and break up in heating, cooling and lighting, climate and
orientation)
- Thermo-optical properties (modulation ranges, relationships, control)
Definition of a method and design of BS tool
- Method to define an optimal adaptive glazing based on its performance
- Tool overcoming the limitations of current energy simulation software (variable
properties, receding horizon control, state update and integration with lighting system);
- Application of the method to a representative case study (cellular office in different
climates and orientations)
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Inverse model for adaptive facades
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
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T vi
s [-
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SHGC [-]
Static products
t v
is
g-value
COMFORT
Desired ouput (comfort, energy
consumption)
Occupation
Input (External
Climate)
Façade properties at time t
Time
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Inverse model for adaptive facades
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
• Ye et al. (2012): theoretically derived for two climate extremes (glazing)
• Zeng et al. (2012): SQL applied to RC model – modelling limitations and optimisation of just one
property at the time (themal mass)
• Kasinalis et al. (2014): long term adaptiveness only (general, any property)
• Erikson (thermal mass) (2013), De Forest (IR glazing properties) (2013), Martinez (opaque
envelope properties) and Goia (WWR) (2014): simulation of static material properties and post-
processing to approximate adaptive material
• Loonen et al. (2014): approach of Kasinalis extended to shorter adaptiveness (general, any property).
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0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
T vi
s [-
]
SHGC [-]
Static products
t v
is
g-value
COMFORT
Desired ouput (comfort, energy
consumption)
Occupation
Input (External
Climate)
Façade properties at time t
Time
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Architecture of the tool
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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What can we simulate?
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
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Building envelope (Active/Passive) and RES:
1.Construction state
2.Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient
3.Material Surface properties
4.Schedules
5.Airflow Network Opening
6. RES Generation and Storage
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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What can we simulate?
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
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Building envelope (Active/Passive) and RES:
1.Construction state
2.Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient
3.Material Surface properties
4.Schedules
5.Airflow Network Opening
6. RES Generation and Storage
Objective functions:
a) Total Primary Energy
b) Net Primary Energy (N-ZEB)
c) Thermal Comfort
d) Visual Comfort
e) IEQ
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Potential applications
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Concept design
System design
and control
Material design
and optimisation
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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U-value [0.20-5.14]
1. g-value [0.00-0.84]
Tvis [0.00-0.98]
g-value [-]
Case study: future generation adaptive glazing
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Aim: pinpoint ideal adaptive glazing properties in order to evaluate the energy saving
potential of future generation adaptive glazing facades
Tvis
[-]
U-value [W/m2K]
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Optimal adaptive glazing - Variable properties limits
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
1 2 3 4
OUT IN
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
OUT OUT IN IN
DGU SGU TGU
1. Possible technologies
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1. Possible technologies
2. Variable surface properties
SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Optimal adaptive glazing - Variable properties limits
1 2 3 4
OUT IN
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
OUT OUT IN IN
DGU SGU TGU
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2. Variable surface properties
3. Variable surface and cavity properties
g-value [-]
Uglazing [W/m2K]
tvis = g-value/0.423
tvis [-]
SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Optimal adaptive glazing - Variable properties limits
1 2 3 4
OUT IN
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
OUT OUT IN IN
DGU SGU TGU
1. Possible technologies
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Representative case study and optimisation problem
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
3 m 5 m
3.5 m
WWR = 40% T heating = 20° C [12 ° C setback] T cooling = 26° C [40 ° C setback] Ventilation = 1.4 l/sm2
Equipment PD = 13.46 W/m2 (Office profile) Lighting PD = 12.00 W/m2 (Office profile) Lighting control = 5 step dimming [500 lux on working plane threshold]
h Heating = 0.85 SEER Cooling = 3.50 Fuel factors according to national context
Typical Office Room
Climate and Orientation
Helsinki London Rome
Environmental conditions and HVAC
N
E S
W
Optimisation:
Global (PSO) +
Local (GPSHJ)
algorithm
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Results – Climate comparison (South)
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R Y M D R Y M D R Y M D
5% 11%
21%
12% 22%
36% 34% 47%
57%
Helsinki London Rome
SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Results – Sub-hourly ideal glazing adaptive properties
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Dimension of the problem
50 possible states ^ 40
variables = 50^40 possible
states
Climate – Rome South Oriented – 19 Jul Wed to 22 Jul Sat
Control
Energy
Performance
Up to 60% energy saving
compared to reference, 45%
to best static and 15%
compared to daily adaptive for
the same days
3.5 hrs * 4days = 14 hrs =
25000 evaluations* 4days
Issues
Complexity of solution
Speed
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Results – Ideal glazing adaptive properties
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Y - Ideal static glazing
properties
M – Monthly ideal adaptive
glazing properties
D – Daily ideal adaptive
glazing properties
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Results – Ideal glazing adaptive properties
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Cumulative time frequency
Ideal performance (energy saved)
compared to optimized static
Which thermo-optical properties values are the most frequent?
Which thermo-optical properties values are the most effective?
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Results – Ideal glazing adaptive properties - Orientation
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Cumulative time frequency Ideal performance (energy saved)
compared to optimized static
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
Tvis Rome Climate Tvis/g-value Rome Climate
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Conclusions: Future Adaptive glazing
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
• Seasonal adaptive glazing: in general 10-12% energy saving for ESW orientations for all climates
compared to best static performance (more for hotter climates);
• Daily adaptive glazing: additional 10-15% energy saving for NEWS for all climates compared to best
static performance (more for colder climates);
• Hourly adaptive glazing: additional 15% compared to daily adaptive (40% compared to best static) for
one scenario (week in July in London, South Oriented);
• Cooling demand nearly eliminated (80-97% less), the higher the adaptiveness the lower the energy for
cooling and heating;
• Modulation of U-value important only in hotter climates
• Increasing the modulation range of g-value e Tvis important in colder climates
• NIR and visible spectrum need to be independently tunable (achievable with a combination of
technologies or with new synthetyzed material)
• Same technology could be used for different climates and orientations
• Complexity of the solution could be reduced to fewer descrete points (less complex technological
solution, easier to control)
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Objective: Design a tool that can be used to assist the design and the
optimisation of new adaptive façade concepts and technologies:
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SOTA Method -Tool Objectives Case study
Adaptive
Façade
Opt tool
Rely on validated Energy
Simulation Tool
General formulation of adaptive
building envelope (timescale,
active/passive, physical properties)
Integrated with optimisation algorithms
for design and control optimisation
Multi-domain: considers all
physical domain involved
(energy, comfort)
Modular and User
friendly
Computationally efficient
and scalable
Accurate and reliable
modelling of adaptiveness
Method for design optimisation for
adaptive building envelope
Conclusions: Tool
Fabio Favoino, EFN Adaptive Façade Conference,
Luzern, Nov 2014
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Towards the future generation of adaptive
glazing facades:
any case study???
email: [email protected]
Fabio Favoino, Mauro Overend