towards historiography
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TOWARDS HISTORIOGRAPHY. Simon Hughes McKinnon Secondary College. Having an understanding of what the text is saying. Being aware of the context which prompted the production of the text. Understanding that an account of an historical event is but one interpretation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TOWARDS HISTORIOGRAPHY
Simon Hughes
McKinnon Secondary College
Having an understanding of what the text is saying
Being aware of the context which prompted the production of the text
Understanding that an account of an historical event is but one interpretation
Understanding that multiple interpretations are required to be studied before a ‘true’ picture of the past can be constructed
Understanding that there is no such thing as a true picture of the past, only a version of a possible past
Understanding that there is no such thing as an absence of bias
Understanding that bias is a misused word and should not be confused with an interpretation
Understanding the differences between a traditional, a revisionist and a post-revisionist interpretation of an historical event
Being aware that an interpretation of an historical event is also trying to persuade us of that interpretation
Being able to analyse the ways a text is attempting to persuade us through language choice and techniques and selection of evidence
IT’S A CAN OF WORMS!
IT ALL BEGINS WITH THE HUMBLE DOC STUDY
DOCUMENT CHECKLIST
1.Who is writing this and when?
2.What is the context?
3.What is being depicted? (oops)
4.How is the event being portrayed?
5.What is being emphasised? Any exaggeration?
6.What is missing?
6a. What is the message?
7. What is the author’s intended effect?
8. Who is the target audience?
9. What evidence is there to support the author’s perspective?
10. How useful is the document in understanding the event?
YEAR 9 HISTORY
DEPTH STUDIES:1. Making a Better
World?:Progressive Ideas and Movements
2. Making a Nation3. World War I
HISTORIOGRAPHICAL EXERCISES
Step 1
Match the statement to an appropriate quote
Step 2
Successfully incorporate quote into students’ writing
Step 3
Making sure the quote is apposite
THE GALLIPOLI LANDING
FOUR PERSPECTIVES
TASK 1
IDENTIFY THE FOCUS OF EACH SOURCE
Bean – focuses on mix-up in landing sites; intent on setting the scene; emphasises that there was still the order to go forward despite the mix-up
Ashmead-Bartlett – intent on highlighting the bravery of the ‘colonials’; emphasises imperialistic/nationalistic spirit; glorifies war
Loch – makes certain we understand that death is integral to war; the disorder is emphasised as is the lying
Usher – again death is the focus emphasising that it is a waste of life; the confusion is a feature
TASK 2
ISOLATE A SENTENCE OR PHRASE WHICH SUMS UP BOTH THE FOCUS AND THE AUTHOR’S CONTENTION
BEAN‘The men were ashore and mostly alive, but the place was clearly the wrong one.’ ‘Anyone who depended upon a set plan for the next move was completely bewildered.’‘Everything seemed wrong…The country was unrecognisable.’‘“Everything is in a terrible muddle.”’‘“You must get on, whatever the opposition.”’
ASHMEAD-BARTLETT‘They were happy because they knew they had been tried for the first time and not found wanting.’
‘The scene at the height of the engagement was sombre, magnificent and unique.’
LOCH‘There seemed no regimental order here.’
‘there were many liars creating disturbing rumours on that beach that day’
USHER‘You’re only looking after yourself, you couldn’t worry about the other bloke’
‘they weren’t prepared for it, for the slaughter’.
TASK 3
IDENTIFY STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
BEAN: Strengths
Quotes from eye-witnesses
Identifies cause of confusion
Assessment of quality of command
Insight into importance placed on the demeanour of the soldiers
BEAN: Limitations
The literary element
Nothing about context of conflict in terms of empires
Nothing about Australia’s reasons for being there
ASHMEAD-BARTLETT: Strengths
Glorification of war and the Australian soldiers suggests that the war effort was in need of bolstering
The glowing assessment by an English writer was valued in Australia
Glorification of war was a natural thing
ASHMEAD-BARTLETT: Limitations
Propaganda designed to encourage recruitment
Facts are tailored to desired patriotic response
LOCH: Strengths
Based on personal experience
Not coloured by patriotism or bellicosity
Reminds us war is all about killing
LOCH: Limitations
No political or strategic context for the action
Author appears to have chip on his shoulder about the treatment of soldiers
USHER: Strengths
We start to appreciate that soldiers were not privy to military strategy but given limited objectives
USHER: Limitations
Heartfelt and dramatic but limited to what the soldier himself experienced
Based on an interview many years after the event
TASK 4
WRITE A SUMMARY OF KEY ASPECTS OF THE GALLIPOLI LANDING•THE LANDING•THE MEN•WAR
APPLYING ENGLISH SKILLS TO HISTORIOGRAPHY
LANGUAGE ANALYSIS
Introduction
* Identify ISSUE that prompted the texts* Identify TEXT TYPE (letter to the editor, opinion piece, blog etc.) and its PROVENANCE (author and where published) * Identify the CONTENTION of the texts including the TONE
Body Paragraphs* WHAT is being portrayed (in a discussion of law and order, for example, it might be the police)* HOW it is being portrayed (the portrayal is CONSTRUCTED through language choice, evidence presented and techniques including appeals to the reader)* WHY the portrayal has been constructed in this way (what is the intended EFFECT with the target audience)
INFERENCE
He watched the orchestra through stupid tears.
VIEWS AND VALUES
Identify three portrayals
Identify how these portrayals are constructed through language choice and techniques
Decide what effect the portrayals are designed to have on the reader
* appeal to patriotism* appeal to nationalism* the use of direct quotes* connotations of key terms (esp. Ashmead-Bartlett)* tone
* to encourage enlistment* to bolster belief in the cause of the British Empire* to remind us of the futility and ugliness of war* to suggest that war is the making of a country
• they know how to identify apt quotes• they can incorporate these quotes into their own writing• they are twigging to the idea that history is not just facts but the interpretation of those facts• they are beginning to understand that all historians have an agenda• they are able to synthesise multiple sources to produce their own narrative of an event
www.answers.com/topic/world-war-ii-1939-45-changing-interpretations
www.macgregorishistory.com/english/ib/WWII/causesww.html
Historical revisionism ‘is the reinterpretation of orthodox views on evidence, motivations, and decision-making processes surrounding a historical event.’Wikipedia
‘History is a continuing dialogue between the present and the past…The unending quest of historians for understanding the past – that is, “revisionism” – is what makes history vital and meaningful.’ James McPherson
Who are the traditionalists?
‘historians who work within the existing establishment and who have a body of of existing work from which they claim authority’
Who are the revisionists?
Revisionist history often derives from those who are in the minority
‘they have the most to gain and the least to lose in challenging the status quo’
‘revisionism is an essential part of the process by which history, through the posing of new problems and the investigation of new possibilities, enlarges its perspectives and enriches its insights.’Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
‘each generation has a right to look upon and re-interpret history in its own way’Karl Popper
Who are the post-revisionists?
They’re revisionists!