toussaint louverture latin revolutions
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Toussaint Louverture Latin Revolutions. Saint Dominique. Hispaniola was colonized by the French and the colony was named Saint Dominique Main source of profit was sugar cane Used African slaves to harvest the sugar cane Very labor intensive crop. Treatment of Slaves. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Toussaint Louverture
Latin Revolutions
Hispaniola was colonized by the French and
the colony was named Saint Dominique Main source of profit was sugar cane Used African slaves to harvest the sugar cane Very labor intensive crop
Saint Dominique
White planters were outnumbered by slaves
10 to 1 Used violence to control the slaves and
prevent rebellion Common practices of violence were whipping,
burning, and castration Escaped slaves lived in the jungles and
survived off of stealing from plantations Constant importation of new slaves from Africa
because of the high death rate
Treatment of Slaves
Colony was producing 60% of the world’s
coffee and 40% of the world’s sugar Word of the French Revolution reached
St. Dominique in 1789 Planters supported the revolution and
wanted St. Dominique to be more independent of French rule
Slaves supported King Louis because they were afraid of the planters having total control
Black free men on the island began pushing for better treatment of slaves and more equality for free blacks
Several were violently executed by being “broken on the wheel”
Saint Dominique in 1789
Was born into slavery on St. Domingue, father had been a tribal chief in Africa
Received a good education from his godfather and Jesuit missionaries
Was freed in 1776, but worked on the plantation and an important overseer and advisor
Married in 1782 and bought a small plantation
Acquired a small fortune before the Haitian Revolution
Toussaint’s Early Life
Free blacks demanded plantation
owners recognize the “Rights of Man”
Planters refused and many reform seeking free blacks were executed
These executions ignited slave rebellions across the island in 1791.
Spanish and British forces also attempted to conquer the island during the turmoil.
The Haitian Revolution became a 4 way war for the island: The slaves, British, Spanish, and French all fought for control.
The Haitian Rebellion
Toussaint organized over 100,000 slaves into
an army Focused on discipline and respect, they did
not slaughter or butcher the enemy forces Agreed to help the French take back St.
Dominique…the French promised to free all the slaves in return
Toussaint and his forces defeat the Spanish and British
St. Dominique came back under French control in 1801, but all the slaves were freed
Toussaint Takes Command
Napoleon sent 27,000 French troops to betray Toussaint, take back St. Dominique, and re-establish slavery
Toussaint attempted to negotiate a peace, but was arrested and sent to France where he died in prison
Haitians continued the fight without Toussaint and defeated the French
24,000 French soldiers died and Haiti won its independence
Independence
Most of South America was under Spanish colonial rule Nationalists and revolutionaries in many South American
countries were inspired by the ideas and successes of the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions
The birth of so many new independent nations in the Western Hemisphere led to the creation of the Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was written by the US government and said that the United States would not tolerate any European interference in the Western Hemisphere
Latin America