tourmaline eosc 220 – november 23, 2004. trigonal – ditrigonal pyramidal table 2. additional...
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Tourmaline
EOSC 220 – November 23, 2004
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Trigonal – Ditrigonal Pyramidal
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Hardness (Mohs)
7 to 7.5
Specific Gravity 3.06 (+ 0.20; - 0.06)
Crystal System Hexagonal-trigonal
Colors Any and all. Tourmaline occurs in more colors than any other gem. Some colors have specific variety names, including:
• Bi-color: More than one color in the same stone • Chrome: Intense green, colored by chromium and/or
vanadium • Indicolite: Blue • Paraíba: Electric blue to green, colored by copper • Rubellite: Red • Watermelon: Pink in the center, green at the edge
Pleochroism Strongly dichroic with the ordinary ray having a darker color
Dispersion 0.017
Phenomena Cat's eye tourmalines are common. Color-change chrome tourmalines, which change from green to red, are occasionally found.
Tourmaline Group
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Tourmaline Groups
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Table 1. Current tourmaline end member species accepted by IMA
Species(X) (Y3) (Z6) T6O18 (BO3)3 V3 W
Alkali tourmaline
ElbaiteNa Li1.5 Al1.5 Al6 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 (OH)
Schorl Na Fe2+3 Al6 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 (OH)
Dravite Na Mg3 Al6 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 (OH)
Olenite* Na Al3 Al6 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (O)3 (OH)
Chromdravite
Na Mg3 Cr6 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 (OH)
Buergerite
Na Fe3+3 Al6 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (O)3 F
Povondraite*
Na Fe3+3 Fe3+
4Mg2 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 O
Vanadiumdravite
Na Mg3 V6 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 (OH)
Calcic tourmaline
Liddicoatite*
Ca Li2Al Al6 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 F
Uvite* Ca Mg3 MgAl5 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 F
Hydroxy-feruvite*
Ca Fe2+3 MgAl5 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 (OH)
X-site vacant tourmaline
Rossmanite
LiAl2 Al6 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 (OH)
Foitite* Fe2+2Al Al6 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 (OH)
Magnesiofoitite
Mg2Al Al6 Si6O18 (BO3)3 (OH)3 (OH)
* These end-members are modified from the original suggested formulae to produce proper end-members (Hawthorne and Henry, 1999).
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Buergerite
• NaFe+3Al6(BO3)3Si6O21F
• in cavities in a rhyolite • Bronze, Dark brown, Black • From near Mexquitic, San
Luis Potosi, Mexico
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Chromdravite
• NaMg3(Cr,Fe+3)6(BO3)3
Si6O18(OH)4
• Greenish black, Dark green
• Onega trough, Karelia Republic, Northern Region, Russia
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Dravite
• NaMg3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4
• Metasomatically altered magnesian or dolomitic limestones in contact-metamorphic aureoles
• Black, Green, Red, Blue, White
• Drava River, Austria
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Feruvite
• (Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Ti)3(Al,Mg,Fe)6
(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4
• Brownish black, Dark brown, Black
• Repanga Island (Cuvier Island), Waikato, North Island, New Zealand
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Foitite
• Na<0.5(Fe+2,Al)3Al6Si6O1
8(BO3)3(OH)4
• Bluish black • California
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Liddicoatite
• Ca(Li,Al)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(O,OH,F)4
• Blue, Brown, Green, Pink, Red
• Detrital in soil, product of pegmatites
• From Antsirabe, Tsilaizina, and Anjanabonoina, Madagascar
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Olenite
• NaAl3Al6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(O,OH)4
• Light pink • Aluminum-rich
tourmaline. Forms a series with elbaite
• Decembrist pegmatite field, Olenik River Basin, Russia
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Povondraite
• (Na,K)(Fe+3,Fe+2)3(Fe,Mg,Al)6
(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4
• Black • Alto Chapare district,
Chapare Province, Cochabamba, Bolivia
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Schorl
• NaFe+3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4
• Black, Brownish black, Greenish black, Bluish black
• Granites, diorites, gabbro pegmatites, greisens, skarns and quartz veins
• Sonnenberg, Bodenmais and Spessart, Germany
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Uvite
• (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe+2)3Al5Mg(BO
3)3Si6O18(OH,F)4
• Yellowish brown, Brown, Blackish brown, Bluish black
• Pegmatitic and skarn rocks
• Province Uva, Sri Lanka
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Vanadiumdravite
• NaMg3V6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)4
• Dark green, Black • Accessory mineral in
metamorphic rocks with quartz and Cr-V bearing diopside
• Slyudyanka complex, Lake Baikal region, Zabaikalye (Transbaikal), Siberia, Russia
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Elbaite
• Na(Li,Al)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4
• Blue, Colorless, Green, Yellow, White
• Granitic pegmatites characterized by hydrothermal replacement
• Island of Elba, Italy
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Elbaite
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Elbaite
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Watermelon Tourmaline
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Cat’s Eye Tourmaline
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Tourmalinated Quartz
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Canadian - Stargazer
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Canadian – Leduc, Quebec
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