tourism and manta rays part 3 : fish cleaners and cleaning stations

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Tourism and Manta rays Part 3: Fish cleaners and cleaning stations By Dr. Anne-Marie Kitchen Wheeler Project Founder Manta Ecology Project

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Tourism and Manta rays Part 3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations. By Dr. Anne-Marie Kitchen Wheeler Project Founder Manta Ecology Project. Fish Cleaning Behaviour. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

 Tourism and Manta rays

Part 3: Fish cleaners and cleaning stations 

By Dr. Anne-Marie Kitchen WheelerProject Founder

Manta Ecology Project

Page 2: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

Fish Cleaning Behaviour

Cleaning behaviour where one or a number of animals groom a client is most common and widespread in reef fishes (Losey 1972), and has been widely researched in fish since Feder (1966). 

Cleaners are defined as reef fish or crustaceans involved in the mutualistic relationship of parasite removal and wound cleaning of the client fish. 

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Page 3: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

The cleaner may remove ectoparasites, bacteria, mucus, diseased and injured tissue and unwanted food particles from the client (Feder 1966). 

Fish are cleaned many times each day (Grutter 1995)

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Page 4: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

The interactions usually occur in a defined area or territory, commonly referred to as a ‘station’  (Gooding 1964; Feder 1966; Youngbluth 1968). 

A cleaning station is a defined area of cleaner fish, although groups of conspecific cleaners may form large aggregations which are not fixed and move around a section of reef creating a movable cleaning station. 

Client fish visit the station in anticipation of being-cleaned by the cleaner fish.  The association between cleaners and clients is widely viewed as obligate, co-evolved and mutualistic (Bshary and Côté  2008).

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Page 5: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

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Manta rays, sharks, jacks and tunas also  visit cleaning stations.

Clients encounter different cleaners in different parts of the world.

Many different fish act as cleaners.

Page 6: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

Thalassoma Amblycephalum Blunthead wrasse

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Page 7: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

Labroides dimidiatus Bluestreak cleaner wrasse

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Page 8: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

Labroides bicolor Bicolor wrasse

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Page 9: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

Thalassoma lunareMoon wrasse

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Page 10: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

False cleaners

Bluestriped sabretooth bennies (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos) look like cleaner wrasse and use deceit to attack fish including mantas

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Page 11: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

How to count cleaners!

The easiest way to count cleaners is to process photos identifying different species with different colours (red: blunthead, yellow: moon).

Up to 111 cleaners have been counted on a manta.

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Page 12: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

Types of cleaning station

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Category Description ExamplesSingle bommie  Single bommie (or small cluster of 

bommies), usually Porites spp., located at current convergence points or current eddy points near channel or on ocean facing reef.  Typically 1-4 aggregations of cleaners per bommie.

Lankan reef, Maavaru, Helengeli thila, Fushifaru thila, Big thila, Mulidhoo corner, Kani, Kurali, Muli, Mudakan (10 sites)

Lagoon blocks Isolated coral blocks in shallow lagoons with sand bottoms. 1-4 aggregations of cleaners per block.

Sunlight thila, Fairytale, Sandune, North channel, Desperation thila, Hanifaru, Dhiggiri (7 sites)

Outer reef flat Area of reef crest or reef flat on ocean facing outer reef.  >>10 aggregations of cleaners distributed over 100-500 m²

Boduhithi Rasfari North, Madivaru, Kalhahandi huraa, Manadhoo, Alimathaa, Maa faru, Emas thila, Himendhoo thila (9 sites) 

Area on thila Aggregation of cleaner fish at specific area of thila, area may be visually distinctive. 10>4 aggregations of cleaners may be involved

Table thila, Boduhithi thila, Dhigu thila, Donfanu thila, Nelivaru, Iguraidhoo thila, Kottefaru thila, Ukulhas (8 sites)  

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• Birds-eye-view diagram of the main cleaning station block at Lankan

• Each “Area” is an aggregation of cleaner fish. The presence of cleaners at Area 4 varied with season

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Page 14: Tourism and Manta rays Part  3 : Fish cleaners and cleaning stations

Thank you for your attentioncontact details: [email protected]

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