Tour 12 “World Tourism” (Asia)

•Kryzygstan•CAMBODIA

•IRAQ

•TURKEY•QATAR

•UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)

KRYZYGSTANGeneral Information on

Krygyzstan

Official Name: Kyrgyz Republic 

Capital: Bishkek

Government Type: Republic 

Population: 5.36 million 

Area: 77,181 square miles 

Languages: Kyrgyz (official), Uzbek, Russian (official), Dungun 

Geography Kyrgyz Republic, is a country

located in Central Asia.

Landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east.

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History

The Kyrgyz, a Turkic-speaking people, constitute a slim majority of the multi-ethnic population of Kyrgyzstan. The constitution enshrines Kyrgyz as the country's state language, although Russian continues to be used widely. Kyrgyzstan became part of the Russian Empire in the late 1800s. In 1924 it was incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) as an autonomous region, and in 1936 its status was upgraded and it became one of the 15 constituent republics of the USSR, officially called the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR). The republic was also commonly known as Kirgizia under Soviet rule, and Russians continue to call it that today. Kyrgyzstan became independent from the USSR in 1991. In 1993 the republic ratified its first post-Soviet constitution.

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Culture•Manas, an epic poem•Komuz, a three-stringed lute•Tush kyiz, large, elaborately

embroidered wall hangings•Shirdak, flat cushions made in

shadow-pairs•Falconry

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Ramcharitmanas“lake of the deeds

of Rama”

Culture

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Shirdak Falconry

Traditions In addition to celebrating the New

Year each 1 January, Kyrgyz observe the traditional New Year festival Nowruz on the vernal equinox. This spring holiday is celebrated with feasts and festivities such as the horse game Ulak Tartish.

Illegal, but still practiced, is the tradition of bride kidnapping.

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TourismOne of the most popular tourist destination points in Kyrgyzstan

is Issyk Kul Lake. Numerous hotels, vacation resorts, boarding houses

and sanatoriums are located along its Northern shore. The most popular

beach zones are in the city of Cholpon-Ata and the settlements nearby, such

as Kara-Oi (Dolinka), Bosteri and Korumdy.

The number of tourists visiting the lake was more than a million a year in 2006

and 2007. However, due to the economical and political instability in

the region, the number has declined in recent years.

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Some of the most popular locations for camping are southern Osh, the area between Naryn City and the Torugart pass, and the mountains and glaciers surrounding Karakol in Issyk-Kul. Local guides and porters can be hired from many tour companies in Bishkek and in the provincial capitals.

Skiing is still in its infancy as a tourism industry, but there is one fairly cheap and well-equipped base about a half-hour from Bishkek. The ski base of Toguz Bulak is 45 km (28 mi) from Bishkek, on the way to Issyk Ata valley.

Karakol Valley National Park

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FLAG•The 40-rayed yellow sun in the center of the

flag represents 40 warriors of the mythical hero Manas.

•The lines inside the sun represent the crown or tündük (Kyrgyz түндүк) of a yurt, a symbol

replicated in many facets of Kyrgyz architecture.

•The red portion of the flag represents peace and openness of Kyrgyzstan.

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An ethnic Kyrgyz teenager girl from the Ulupamir village in the Van province, Turkey. 21.06.2009.

Bübüsara Beyşenalieva, ballet dancer, as shown on the Kyrgyz 5 som note.

Chinghiz Aitmatov – author

Orzubek Nazarov who won the bronze medal at the 1986 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Reno. He is a former WBA Lightweight Champion.

Flag Carriers JSC National Air Carrier "Kyrgyzstan

Airlines" It operated scheduled international and domestic services, as well as charter flights. Its main base was Manas International Airport, with a hub at Osh Airport.

An Tupolev Tu-154 in the newest livery of Kyrgyzstan Airlines in 2003.

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CAMBODIA

General Information on Cambodia

Official Name:   Kingdom of Cambodia

Capital: Phnom Penh

Government Type:  Constitutional Monarchy

Monetary unit: Riel

Population:  14.8 million

Area:  69,898 sq mi

Languages:  The Khmer language is a member of the Mon–Khmer subfamily of the Austroasiatic language group. French, once the language of government in Indochina, is still spoken by many older Cambodians.

Geography Located in the southern portion

of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.

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History The most famous period in Cambodia's history came from 900 to

1400 AD during the rule of the Khmer Kingdom. The Khmer Kingdom ruled the area and was Southeast Asia's largest empire for part of its history. Their capital city was Angkor where its possible more than 1 million people lived at the height of its power. There are many famous temples build here including the most famous Angkor Wat. In the 15th century the Khmer Kingdom collapsed and never regained its former glory.

In 1863 Cambodia became a protectorate of France. This continued for nearly 100 years until it gained full independence on November 9, 1953.

In the early 1970's Cambodia became embroiled into the Vietnam War. However, things got even worse after the war. A group called the Khmer Rouge took over led by a man named Pol Pot. They forced people into horrible work conditions and around 1 million Cambodians, around 12% of the total population, were killed.

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CULTURECam

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Sampeah (Cambodian greeting)

Angkor Wat or "City of Temples“ is  largest religious monument in the world

Various factors contribute to the Cambodian culture including Theravada Buddhism, Hinduism, French colonialism, Angkorian culture, and modern globalization. The Cambodian Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts is responsible for promoting and developing Cambodian culture.

the most popular dine out dish, kuy teav, is a pork broth rice noodle soup with fried garlic, scallions, green onions that may also contain various toppings such as beef balls, shrimp, pork liver or lettuce. The cuisine is relatively unknown to the world compared to that of its neighbours Thailand and Vietnam.

Football (soccer) is one of the most popular sports, Western sports such as volleyball, bodybuilding, field hockey,

rugby union, golf, and baseball are gaining popularity. Volleyball is by far the most popular sport in the country. Native sports include traditional boat racing,buffalo racing, Pradal Serey,

Khmer traditional wrestling and Bokator.

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Bon Om Tuuk (Festival of Boat Racing), the annual boat rowing contest, is the most attended Cambodian national festival.

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Khmer Apsara dancers

The music of crooner Sinn Sisamouth and Ros Sereysothea from the 1960s to the 1970s is considered to be the classic pop music of Cambodia.

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  In 2009 there were 2,161,577 international tourists.

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Flag

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SymbolsMinistry of Education,

Youth and SportsPeople

Angkor Wat

Integrity, Justice and Heritage

Theravada Buddhism

BlueLiberty, Cooperation and Brotherhood

King

Red Bravery People

Famous PeoplePOL POT (1925-1998)Cambodian

communist who led the Khmer Rouge revolutionary group from

1963 to 1988.

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HUN SEN 65Cambodian

politician and dictator who

became Prime Minister of

Cambodia in 1985.

CHHET SOVAN PANYA 27Famous Cambodian pop singer

who made it to the top of Cambodia's music charts with

little to no self-promotion.

PISITH PILIKA (1965-1999)Cambodian actress and dancer who starred in over 60 movies and appeared in numerous advertisements throughout her lengthy career.

Flag Carriers

Cambodia Angkor Air is the national flag carrier airline of Cambodia, headquartered in Phnom Penh. It commenced operations on 28 July 2009. The airline is owned by the Cambodian government (51%) and Vietnam Airlines (49%), the latter allowing for codeshare flights.

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IRAQ

General Information on Iraq

Official Name: Republic of Iraq

Capital: Bhagdad

Government Type: Federal, Parliamentary, Constitutional republic

Monetary unit: Iraqi Dinar

Population: 2012 estimate 31,129,225

Area:  169,234 sq mi

Languages: Arabic Kurdish

GEOGRAPHY

Iraq borders Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia

to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the

west.

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HISTORY

From earliest times Iraq was known as Mesopotamia—the land between the rivers—for it embraces a large part of the alluvial plains of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

An advanced civilization existed in this area by 4000 B.C. Sometime after 2000 B.C., the land became the center of the ancient Babylonian and Assyrian empires. Mesopotamia was conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia in 538 B.C. and by Alexander in 331 B.C. After an Arab conquest in 637–640, Baghdad became the capital of the ruling caliphate. The country was pillaged by the Mongols in 1258, and during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries was the object of Turkish and Persian competition.

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CULTURE Iraq is known primarily for its rich maqam The National Theatre of Iraq was looted during

the 2003 invasion, but efforts are underway to restore it. Some important cultural institutions in the capital include the Iraqi National Symphony Orchestra – rehearsals and performances were briefly interrupted during the Occupation of Iraq but have since returned to normal.

there were a period of significant growth in the broadcast media in Iraq. Immediately, and the ban on satellite dishes is no longer in place.

Some characteristic ingredients of Iraqi cuisine include – vegetables.

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TOURISM

Babylon

Ali Baba Square

Arch of Ctesiphon

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Baghdad Bazaars

• Despite the fact that Iraq lies in ruins as a result of modern

violence, it is still a beautiful ancient city. Since the war,

security has increased to quite an extent. There are many tourist

attractions in Iraq for those who are willing to take the challenge

and risk of visiting Iraq. 

FAMOUS PEOPLE

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SADDAM HUSSEIN (1937-2006)

IBN AL-HAYTHAM (965-1040)

KADIM AL SAHIR 56

HUSSAM AL RASSAM 35

FLAGIRA

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The flag of Iraq has been in use since 1963, although the design has undergone many changes since then.

The current one uses three bands of red, white, and black as the background, with the takbir written on it in green.

FLAG CARRIER

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Q Iraqi Airways Company, operating as Iraqi is the national carrier of Iraq, headquartered on the grounds of Baghdad International Airport in Baghdad. One of the oldest airlines in the Middle East, Iraqi Airways operates domestic and regional service. Its main base is Baghdad International Airport.

TURKEY

Monetary unit: Turkish Iira

Population: 2013 estimate75,627,384

Area: 302,535 sq mi

Languages: Turkish

General Information on Turkey

Official Name: Republic of Turkey

Capital: Ankara

Government Type: Unitary, parliamentary, constitutional republic

GEOGRAPHY Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the

west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea is to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea

is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which

together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Thrace and Anatolia.

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HISTORY Anatolia (Turkey in Asia) was occupied in

about 1900 B.C. by the Indo-European Hittites and, after the Hittite empire's

collapse in 1200 B.C. , by Phrygians and Lydians. The Persian Empire occupied the

area in the 6th century B.C. , giving way to the Roman Empire,

the Ottoman Empire was not only one of the most powerful empires in the history of the Mediterranean region, but it generated a great cultural outpouring of Islamic art,

architecture, and literature.

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CULTURE

Turkey has a very diverse culture that is a blend of various elements of the Oğuz Turkic, Anatolian, Ottoman and Western culture and

traditions, which started with the Westernisation of the Ottoman Empire and

still continues today. During the first years of the republic, the

government invested a large amount of resources into fine arts; such as museums, theatres, opera houses and architecture.

Architectural elements found in Turkey are also testaments to the unique mix of

traditions that have influenced the region over the centuries.

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Orhan Pamuk is one of the leading contemporary Turkish novelists and the recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Turkey won the Eurovision Song Contestfor the first time with "Everyway That I Can" by Sertab Erener in Riga, 2003.

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TOURISM

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The Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship, losing to the USA in the Final. The Ottoman era waterfront houses (yalı) on

the Bosphorus also reflect the fusion between classical Ottoman and European architectural styles during the aforementioned period.

Türk Telekom Arena is the new home ground of Galatasaray.

FAMOUS PEOPLE

HULYA AVSAR 50Singer, actress, and editor of the magazine Hulya.

KENAN DOGULU 39Turkish pop star who released the 2006 album Festival and his 2009 album Patron.

Tarkan:(Turkey)He is a famous singer of turkey and also has cool personality and dashing look. He has born in Germany but then move to turkey and stays there. He has won many awards relating music.

NURI BILGE CEYLAN 54Acclaimed Turkish director of artistic films such as 2006's Climates and 2008's Three Monkeys.

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The flag of Turkey (Turkish: Türk bayrağı, meaning: Turkish flag) is a red flag with a white crescent moon and a star in its centre. The flag is called Ay-yıldız (moon-star) or Al bayrak (red flag). The Turkish flag is referred to asAl sancak (red banner) in the Turkish national anthem.

FLAG CARRIER

THY Turkish Airlines (Turkish: Türk Hava Yolları) (BİST: THYAO) is the

national flag carrier airline of Turkey, headquartered at the

Turkish Airlines General Management Building on the grounds of Atatürk Airport in

Yeşilköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul. With 243 destinations, the airline is the fourth-largest carrier in the world

by number of destinations. THY has been a member of the Star Alliance

network since 1 April 2008

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QATARGeneral Information on Qatar

Official Name: State of Qatar

Capital: Doha

Government Type: Unitary, constitutional monarchy

Monetary unit: Riyal

Population: 2013 estimate 2,035,136

Area: 4,467.6 sq mi

Languages: Arabic

Geography

QATAR

Located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole

land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the

Persian Gulf. A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island state

of Bahrain.

History Qatar was once controlled by the sheikhs of

Bahrain Oil was discovered in the 1940s, bringing wealth to

the country in the 1950s and 1960s. About 85% of Qatar's income from exports comes from oil.

Qatar permitted the international forces to use Qatar as a base during the 1991 Persian Gulf War. 

Qatar introduced its first constitution on June 9, 2005. It guarantees freedom of expression,

assembly, and religion and calls for a 45-seat parliament.

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Culture The Qatar National Day hosted every 18 December

is the day Qataris celebrate their national identity and history.

The Museum of Islamic Art, opened in 2008, has quickly come to be regarded as one of the great museums of the world.

Qatar's media was classified as "not free" in the 2012 Freedom of the Press report by Freedom House. Criticism of the Emir in the media is illegal: according to article 46 of the press law “The emir of the state of Qatar shall not be criticized and no statement can be attributed to him unless under a written permission from the manager of his office.”

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Football is the most popular sport in Qatar. The Qatar under-20 national football team finished second in the 1981 FIFA World Youth Championship after a 4–0 defeat to Germany in the final.

Doha, Qatar, is also home to Qatar Racing Club, a drag racing facility.

 Through the Qatar Foundation, the country has built an “Education City”, 

Citizens are required to attend government-provided education from kindergarten through high school

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Tourism Qatar Adventure

QATAR ADVENTURE become the leader in Doha, offering Hotel bookings, Desert safaris, Dhow trips, Water sports, Fishing Trips, Culture tours, City tours, North of Qatar, Events, Conferences and Overnight camping.

The PearlThe Pearl-Qatar, A Riviera-style man-made island developed in an exclusive environment in Doha,Qatar and the Middle East's most glamorous address, covering 400 hectares of reclaimed land, is Qatar's first international urban development venture.

Museum of Islamic ArtThe Museum of Islamic Art is dedicated to reflecting the full vitality, complexity, and diversity of the arts of the Islamic world. It is a world-class collecting institution, which preserves, studies, and exhibits masterpieces spanning three continents

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Famous People

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Nada Zeidan rally racer, archer

Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani former emir

Fahad Al Kubaisi singer

Mohammed bin Thani former ruler

FLAG

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The meaning of Qatar's flag is:

The white colour reflects the internationally recognised symbol of peace

The maroon colour symbolises the blood shed during the several wars Qatar has undergone, particularly in the second half of the 19th century.

The nine-point serrated line indicates that Qatar is the 9th member of the "reconciled Emirates" of the Persian Gulf in the wake of concluding the Qatari-British treaty in 1916.

Qatar's flag is the only national flag having a width more than twice its height

FLAG CARRIER

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Qatar Airways Company Q.C.S.C. , operating as Qatar Airways, is the state-owned flag carrier of Qatar. Headquartered in the Qatar Airways Tower in Doha, the airline operates a hub-and-spoke network, linking over 100 international destinations from its base in Doha, using a fleet of more than 100 aircraft.

The airline has more than 30,000 staff, with 17,000 people employed directly and a further 13,000 in its subsidiaries.

G E N E R A L I N F O R M AT I O N O N UA E

O F F I C I A L N A M E :   E M I R AT E S   O R T H E   UA E

C A P I TA L : A B U D H A B I

G OV E R N M E N T T Y P E :   F E D E R A L , P R E S I D E N T I A L , A B S O LU T E M O N A R C H Y

United Arab Emirates

MONETARY UNIT: UAE DIRHAM

POPULATION: 2010  ESTIMATE 8 ,264 ,070

AREA: 32 ,278  SQ  MI

LANGUAGES:   ARABIC

Geography

a country located in the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing sea borders withQatar, Iran and Pakistan.

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HistoryOriginally the area was inhabited by a seafaring

people who were converted to Islam in the 7th century. 

The British withdrew from the Persian Gulf in 1971, and the Trucial states became a federation called the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Two of the Trucial states, Bahrain and Oman , chose not to join the federation, reducing the number of states to seven.

After the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks on the U.S., the UAE was identified as a major financial center used by al-Qaeda in transferring money to the hijackers.

The late Sheikh Zayed, ruler of Abu Dhabi and the first president of the UAE, oversaw the development of the Emirates and steered oil revenues into healthcare, education and infrastructure. Today, Emirates oil reserves are ranked as the seventh-largest in the world,

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Culture

The United Arab Emirates has a diverse and multicultural society. Major holidays in Dubai include Eid al Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan, and National Day (2 December), which marks the formation of the United Arab Emirates.

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Ancient Emirati poetry was strongly influenced by the 8th-century Arab scholar Al Khalil bin Ahmed. The earliest known poet in the UAE is Ibn Majid. 

Tourism

The Dubai Desert Rock Festival is also another major festival consisting of heavy metal and rock artists.

The Media of the United Arab Emirates plays an important role in the region.

Football is a popular sport in the UAE.Cricket is one of the most popular sports in

the UAEFormula One is particularly popular in the

United Arab Emirates, and is annually held at the picturesque Yas Marina Circuit. The race is held at evening time, and is the first ever Grand Prix to start in daylight and finish at night.

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Famous PeopleU

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Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum prime minister, vice president UAE

Elham Al Qasim first Arab woman to reach North Pole

Ahlam singer

Ousha bint Khalifa Al Suwaidi poet

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It contains the Pan-Arab colors red, green, white and black, which symbolize Arabian unity.

Flag CarrierEtihad Airways is the flag carrier airline

of the United Arab Emirates. Established by Royal decree in July 2003 and based in Abu Dhabi.

The airline operates more than 1,000 flights per week to 96 passenger and cargo destinations in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas, with a fleet of 85 Airbus and Boeing aircraft

Etihad Airways is the fourth largest airline in the Middle East and it is the second largest airline in the United Arab Emirates, after the Dubai-based airline Emirates.

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