Torts

Torts

Cases and Problems

fourth edition

Frank J. VandallProfessor of Law

Emory University School of Law

Ellen WertheimerProfessor of Law

Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law

Mark C. RahdertProfessor of Law

Temple University James E. Beasley School of Law

Carolina Academic PressDurham, North Carolina

Copyright © 2018Carolina Academic Press, LLCAll Rights Reserved

ISBN: 978-1-5310-1146-8eISBN: 978-1-53101-147-5LCCN: 2018939849

Carolina Academic Press, LLC700 Kent StreetDurham, North Carolina 27701Telephone (919) 489-7486Fax (919) 493-5668www.cap-press.com

Printed in the United States of America

v

Dedications

I dedicate this book to my children Megan and Josh, and my grandchildren, Madi-son, Keegan and Emma. — Frank Vandall

We dedicate this book to our children, Chris and Lise. — Ellen Wertheimer & Mark C. Rahdert

vii

Contents

Table of Cases xviiPreface xxxiiiAcknowledgments xxxv

Chapter 1 · Introduction 3Brown v. Kendall 5Hammontree v. Jenner 8Langan v. Valicopters, Inc. 12

Chapter 2 · Intentional Torts 17A. Intent in General 17

Garratt v. Dailey 18Wallace v. Rosen 21Vosburg v. Putney 25

B. Battery 28Mink v. University of Chicago 28Fisher v. Carrousel Motor Hotel, Inc. 32Lambertson v. United States 34

C. Assault 36Conley v. Doe 36Bouton v. Allstate Insurance Co. 38

D. False Imprisonment 40Zavala v. Wal- Mart Stores, Inc. 40Whittaker v. Sandford 42Dupler v. Seubert 44

E. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress 47Harris v. Jones 48Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Jerry Falwell 53

F. Trespass 571. In General 57

Dougherty v. Stepp 582. Trespass to Land and Nuisance 59

J.H. Borland, Sr. v. Sanders Lead Co. 59

viii CONTENTS

3. Trespass to Chattels 63Huffman & Wright Logging Co. v. Wade 63

G. Conversion 67Dickens v. Debolt 68Pearson v. Dodd 72

H. Nuisance 75Spur Industries, Inc. v. Del E. Webb Development Co. 76

Chapter 3 · Privileges 83A. Defenses to Battery 83

1. The Medical Arena 83Mohr v. Williams 83Pauscher v. Iowa Methodist Medical Center 87Ashcraft v. King 87

2. The Sports Arena 90Marchetti v. Kalish 90Koffman v. Garnett 95Hackbart v. Cincinnati Bengals, Inc. 97

3. Consent in Other Arenas 101Teolis v. Moscatelli 101C.C.H. v. Philadelphia Phillies, Inc. 102Thomas v. Bedford 103

B. Defenses to False Imprisonment 105Noguchi v. Nakamura 105Peterson v. Sorlien 107Bonkowski v. Arlan’s Department Store 112

C. Privileges in Suits Alleging Trespass to Land and Chattels 115Katko v. Briney 115

D. Necessity 1191. Private Necessity 119

Ploof v. Putnam 119Vincent v. Lake Erie Transp. Co. 121

2. Public Necessity 124Wegner v. Milwaukee Mutual Insurance Co. 124

Chapter 4 · Duty 129A. Duty in General 130

Kubert v. Best 130Munn v. Hotchkiss School 138

B. The Obligation to Assist Others 145Yania v. Bigan 145

C. Privity: Suits by Third Parties 146H.R. Moch Co. v. Rensselaer Water Co. 146Strauss v. Belle Realty Co. 148

D. Professionals 150

CONTENTS ix

Lucas v. Hamm 150E. Duty to Control Others 152

Tarasoff v. The Regents of the University of California 152Vince v. Wilson 156

F. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress 159Quill v. Trans World Airlines 159Potter v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. 163 Thing v. La Chusa 167Boyles v. Kerr 172Binns v. Westminster Memorial Park 175

G. Injury to Unborn Children 178Renslow v. Mennonite Hospital 178Viccaro v. Milunsky 181Burke v. Rivo 185

Chapter 5 · Negligence 191A. Introduction 191B. The Core Concept 192C. The Standard of Care 193

Blyth v. Birmingham Waterworks Co. 193United States v. Carroll Towing Co. 194Adams v. Bullock 196Rivera v. New York City Transit Authority 198Widmyer v. Southeast Skyways, Inc. 200

1. The Reasonable Person 202Vaughan v. Menlove 202Berberian v. Lynn 204Roberts v. State of Louisiana 207Robinson v. Lindsay 211

2. The Professional 213Boyce v. Brown 213Jones v. O’Young 216Heath v. Swift Wings, Inc. 217Pauscher v. Iowa Methodist Medical Center 222John B. v. Superior Court of Los Angeles County 229Moore v. The Regents of the University of California 231

3. Custom 233The T.J. Hooper I 234The T.J. Hooper II 235

D. The Relationship Between Judge and Jury 237Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. v. Goodman 237Pokora v. Wabash Railway Co. 238

E. Violation of Statute 242Hetherton v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. 242

x CONTENTS

Tedla v. Ellman 247Brown v. Shyne 251Rushink v. Gerstheimer 254

F. Proving the Negligence Case Before the Judge and the Jury 2561. Circumstantial Evidence 256

Negri v. Stop & Shop, Inc. 256Pietrone v. American Honda Motor Co. 259

2. Res Ipsa Loquitur 261Escola v. Coca- Cola Bottling Co. 262Cox v. Northwest Airlines 264Ybarra v. Spangard 266Anderson v. Somberg 272Connolly v. Nicollet Hotel 275

Chapter 6 · Cause in Fact 281A. Introduction 281

Calhoun v. Honda Motor Com pany 281Sanchez v. Hillerich & Bradsby Co. 286

B. Concurrent Causes 290Anderson v. Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway Co. 290

C. Failure to Identify the Specific Actor 293Summers v. Tice 293Hymowitz v. Eli Lilly & Co. 295

D. Difficulties on Proof of Causation 302Falcon v. Memorial Hospital 302Georgia- Pacific Corp. v. Bostic 308Daubert v. Merrell Dow Phar ma ceu ti cals, Inc. 311

Chapter 7 · Proximate Cause 317A. The Basic Theories 317

In re Arbitration Between Polemis & Furness, Withy & Co. 317Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. Morts Dock & Engineering Co. 321Green v. Denney 326Palsgraf v. The Long Island Railroad Co. 328Petitions of the Kinsman Transit Co. 333Hamblin v. State/Maricopa County Adult Probation Department 337

B. Intervening Causes 339Weirum v. RKO General, Inc. 339Watson v. Kentucky & Indiana Bridge & Railroad Co. 343Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine, Inc. 345Kelly v. Gwinnell 349In re September 11 Litigation 354

CONTENTS xi

Wagner v. International Railway Co. 358Fuller v. Preis 361Enright v. Eli Lilly & Co. 363

C. Economic Loss 366 People Express Airlines v. Consolidated Rail Corp. 367

D. Duty Versus Proximate Cause: Green’s Theory 3711. Eliminate Proximate Cause 3712. Green’s Duty Analy sis 3713. Three Questions 3714. Relevant Factors 3725. Conclusion 372

Chapter 8 · Multiple Defendants: Joint and Several Liability 375Bierczynski v. Rogers 376Ravo v. Rogatnick 379Banks v. Elks Club Pride of Tenneesee 383Walt Disney World v. Wood 396Richards v. Badger Mutual Insurance Co. 402

Chapter 9 · The Liability of Landowners 421A. Liability to Those Who Enter on the Land 421

1. The Taxonomy of Plaintiffs 421Rowland v. Christian 421Gerchberg v. Loney 426Wrinkle v. Norman 430The Duty of Care 431Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated Chapter 740. Civil Liabilities — Premises Liability Act 436

2. Natu ral and Unnatural Conditions On and Off the Land 437Sprecher v. Adamson Cos. 437

B. Additional Categories of Plaintiffs 4441. Attractive Nuisances, Artificial Conditions, and Children 444

Crawford v. Pacific Western Mobile Estates, Inc. 4442. Public Employees: Firefighters and Police Officers 450

Rosa v. Dunkin’ Donuts of Passaic 4503. Landlords and Tenants 456

McCutcheon v. United Homes Corp. 4564. Crime 459

Taco Bell, Inc. v. Lannon 4595. Business Establishments and Danger to the Public 465

F.W. Woolworth v. Kirby 465C. Defenses and Plaintiff ’s Conduct 469

1. Comparative Negligence 469Mathis v. Mas sa chu setts Electric Co. 469

2. Assumption of Risk 472

xii CONTENTS

Greenwood v. Lowe Chemical Co. 472D. The Taxonomy of Plaintiffs: The Modern Approach 477

Tantimonico v. Allendale Mutual Insurance Co. 477

Chapter 10 · Damages 483A. Punitive Damages 483

BMW of North Amer i ca, Inc. v. Gore 484State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co. v. Campbell 492

B. Pecuniary and Noneconomic Damages 506Seffert v. Los Angeles Transit Lines 507

Chapter 11 · Strict Liability 525Fletcher v. Rylands 526Rylands v. Fletcher 528Turner v. Big Lake Oil Co. 530Yukon Equipment, Inc. v. Fireman’s Fund Insurance Co. 533Spano v. Perini Corp. 537Dyer v. Maine Drilling & Blasting, Inc. 539

Chapter 12 · Products Liability 547A. Food and Drink 547

Pillars v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. 547Matthews v. Campbell Soup Co. 549

B. Contract and Tort in Strict Products Liability 555Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc. 555

C. Strict Products Liability in Tort 5641. The Birth of the Doctrine 564

Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co. 564Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc. 570

2. Refining the Doctrine — Defining Defect 573Restatement (Second) of Torts § 402A 573Phillips v. Kimwood Machine Co. 574Barker v. Lull Engineering Co. 581

3. The Third Restatement 592Tincher v. Omega Flex, Inc. 593

4. Defining Defect When the Basis for Products Liability Is Failure to Warn 623

Sternhagen v. Dow Com pany 625Powers v. Taser International, Inc. 632

5. Defining Defect Where the Product Is a Prescription Drug 641Freeman v. Hoffman- La Roche, Inc. 641

Chapter 13 · Defenses 653A. Comparative and Contributory Negligence and Assumption of Risk

in Cases Where the Basis of Liability Is Negligence 6531. Comparative Negligence: The Modern World 653

CONTENTS xiii

Li v. Yellow Cab Co. Of California 6532. The Last Clear Chance Rule 661

Davies v. Mann 6613. Assumption of Risk 665

a. The Ele ments 666Goepfert v. Filler 666Ray v. Downes 669Bass v. Aetna Insurance Co. 675Castello v. County of Nassau 678b. Assumption of Risk by Agreement — The Anticipatory

Release 679Jones v. Dressel 679Bagley v. Mt. Bachelor, Inc. 686c. Assumption of Risk in the Context of Other Defenses 703

i. Abolishing Assumption of Risk 703Blackburn v. Dorta 703ii. Retaining Assumption of Risk 706Patterson v. Sacramento City Unified School District 706

d. Assumption of Risk as a Duty Doctrine 718Vinikoor v. Pedal Pennsylvania, Inc. 718

B. Comparative and Contributory Negligence and Assumption of Risk in Cases Where the Basis of Liability Is Strict Liability 721

Marshall v. Ranne 721C. Comparative and Contributory Negligence and Assumption

of Risk in Cases Where the Basis of Liability Is Strict Products Liability 726

McCown v. International Harvester Co. 726Culpepper v. Hermann Weihrauch KG 730Daly v. General Motors Corp. 735Ford v. Polaris Industries, Inc. 746

D. Preemption 764E. Immunities and Defenses Based Upon the Status of the Defendant 765F. Statutes of Limitation and Repose 765

Chapter 14 · Defamation 767A. What Constitutes a Defamatory Statement? 768

Romaine v. Kallinger 768Matherson v. Marchello 772

B. The Defamatory Statement Must Be Understood to Have Been Made “Of and Concerning” the Plaintiff 777

Neiman- Marcus Co. v. Lait 777Pring v. Pent house International 780

C. Defenses to Defamation 7831. Truth 783

xiv CONTENTS

2. Privileges 783Carradine v. Minnesota 783Liberman v. Gelstein 787Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation v. Jacobson and CBS 790

3. Other Defenses 792D. Constitutional Issues 794

1. Public Officials 794New York Times Co. v. Sullivan 794

2. The Actual Malice Standard 803St. Amant v. Thompson 803Masson v. New Yorker Magazine, Inc. 806

3. Private Plaintiffs 812Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. 812Time, Inc. v. Firestone 821

4. The Limited Purpose Public Figure 825Waldbaum v. Fairchild Publications, Inc. 825Foretich v. Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. 829

5. The Nonmedia Defendant 833Greenmoss Builders, Inc. v. Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. 833Dun & Bradstreet v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc. 836

6. The Burden of Proving Truth 840Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps 840

7. Opinion 844Steinhausen v. Homeservices of Nebraska, Inc. 844Mr. Chow of New York v. Ste. Jour Azur S.A. 848Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co. 851

E. Summing Up: A Contemporary Example 857Palin v. The New York Times Co. 857

Chapter 15 · Privacy 869A. Intrusion 871

Nader v. General Motors Corp. 871Pearson v. Dodd 875Galella v. Onassis 878Shulman v. Group W Productions, Inc. 881Desnick v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. 890

B. Public Disclosure of Private Facts 894Sidis v. F- R Pub. Corp. 894Haynes v. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 896

C. Constitutional Privilege 902The Florida Star v. B.J.F. 902

CONTENTS xv

xv

D. False Light 906Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing Co. 906Lake v. Wal- Mart Stores, Inc. 910

E. Appropriation 913Zacchini v. Scripps- Howard Broadcasting Co. 913Midler v. Ford Motor Co. 917

Index 923

xvii

A“Agent Orange” Prod. Liab. Litig., In re,

316Aaris v. Las Virgenes Unified School

Dist., 714Abrams v. United States, 55Acevedo v. Pima County Adult Proba-

tion Department, 339Acorn v. Household Intern. Inc., 692Acuna v. Turkish, 133Adams v. Bullock, 196Adams v. G.D. Searle & Co., Inc., 645Adelson v. Harris, 865Aetna Ins. Co. v. Hellmuth, Obata &

Kassabaum, Inc., 219Agnant v. Shakur, 776Ahrens v. Ford Motor Co., 611Alabama Great Southern Railroad Co. v.

Sumter Plywood Corp., 702Alabama Ride Co. v. Vance, 797Albala v. City of New York , 365Alexander v. Medical Associates Clinic,

481Ali v. Fisher, 387Allaire v. St. Luke’s Hospital, 179Alley v. Charlotte Pipe & Foundry Co.,

165Alvarado v. J.C. Penney Co., 251Amaya v. Home Ice, Fuel & Supply Co.,

168American Golf Corp. v. Superior Court,

753, 758, 759Anaya v. Superior Court, 361Anderson v. Klix Chemical, 579

Anderson v. Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway Co., 290

Anderson v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., 637

Anderson v. Somberg, 272Anderson v. Vail Corp., 693Andrews v. Mosley Well Serv., 514Anjou v. Boston Elevated R.R. Co., 258Arbogast v. Terminal Railroad Assn. of

St. Louis, 448Arkansas River Packet Co. v. Hobbs, 389Armstrong v. United States, 125Arnold v. Mundy, 68Arora, United States v., 68Ash v. Continental Ins. Co., 617Ashcraft v. King, 87Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 860Associated Press v. Walker, 801, 814Atchison, T. & S.F. R.R. Co. v. Stanford,

320Atkins v. American Motors Corp., 731Atkinson v. Hemphill, 385, 389, 391Atwood v. Holland, 668Aubin v. Union Carbide Corp., 622Ault v. International Harvester Co., 744Avila v. Citrus Community College Dist.,

708Avret v. McCormick, 217Ayala v. Philadelphia Bd. of Public Ed.,

597Ayers v. Parry, 270Azzarello v. Black Brothers Company,

593, 596, 599, 603, 604, 606, 607, 608

Table of Cases

xviii TABLE OF CASES

BBadela v. Karpowich, 274Bagley v. Mt. Bachelor, Inc., 687Baker v. Harcon, 721Baker v. Owen, 105Balabanoff v. Fossani, 793Ballou v. Sigma Nu General Fraternity,

202Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. v.

Goodman, 237, 238, 239Banks v. Elks Club Pride of Tennessee,

383Barker v. Colorado Region, 683Barker v. Lull Engineering Co., 581, 604,

745, 753Barnes v. Clayton House Motel, 777Barr v. Matteo, 784, 785Barter v. Wilson, 776Bartnicki v. Vopper, 877Bartolone v. Jeckovich, 320Bass v. Aetna Insurance Co., 675Bates v. McKeon, 360Baumgartner v. United States, 55Beard v. Johnson & Johnson Co., 609Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 860Bellah v. Greenson, 155Belli v. Orlando Daily Newspapers, 772Benedek v. PLC Santa Monica, LLC, 698Berberian v. Lynn, 204Berg v. Reaction Motors, 505Berg v. Sukup Mfg. Co., 673Berkebile v. Brantly Helicopter Corp.,

602Berko v. Freda, 452Bernal v. Richard Wolf Medical Instru-

ments Corp., 758Bernier v. Burris, 523Bernstein v. Alameda-Contra Costa

Medical Assoc., 215Berrier v. Simplicity Mfg., Inc., 605Bervoets v. Harde Ralls Pontiac-Olds,

Inc., 386Beshada v. Johns-Manville Products

Corp., 624Best v. U.S. National Bank, 691Betehia v. Cape Cod Corp., 552

Biakanja v. Irving, 150Bierczynski v. Rogers, 376Bifolck v. Phillip Morris, Inc., 622Bigbee v. Pacific Tel. & Tel. Co., 324Billings v. Atkinson, 173, 174Billo v. Allegheny Steel Co., 231Bilt-Rite Contractors, Inc. v. The

Architectural Studio, 598Bingham v. Gaynor, 788Binns v. Westminster Memorial Park,

175Biro v. Conde Nast, 860, 863Biscan v. Brown, 387Bixler v. Avondale Mills, 301Bjork v. Mason, 762Blackburn v. Dorta, 703Blank v. Coffin, 567Blankenship v. General Motors Corp.,

523Blanton v. Kellioka Coal Co., 255Blue v. Envt’l Eng’g, Inc., 612Blyth v. Birmingham Waterworks Co.,

193BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore,

484, 491, 493, 16, 17, 20Boddie v. Connecticut, 823Boever v. State Board of Accountancy,

667Boisson v. Arizona Board of Regents,

141Bolton v. Stone, 197Bonbrest v. Kotz, 179Bonkowski v. Arlan’s Department Store,

112Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co., 78Booth v. Rome, W. & O.T.R.R. Co., 537,

538, 539, 544Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of

United States, 55Bostic v. Georgia-Pacific Corp., 311Botta v. Brunner, 513, 515Bouton v. Allstate Insurance Co., 38Bowman v. Williams, 162Boyce v. Brown, 213Boyles v. Kerr, 172Bradley v. Fisher, 784

TABLE OF CASES xix

Brady v. Ottaway Newspapers, Inc., 861Branco v. Kearny Moto Park, Inc., 760Branham v. Ford Motor Co., 622Brannigan v. Usitalo, 519Brannon v. Wood, 272Braun v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine,

Inc., 345, 347Brewster v. Ludtke, 406Brian v. Richardson, 863Bridge v. The Grand Junction Railway

Company, 663Bridges v. Kentucky Stone Co., 537Briscoe v. Reader’s Digest Ass’n, 899Britton v. Wooten, 345Bromage v. Prosser, 801Browder v. Morris, 387Brower v. New York Central & H. R.R.,

345Brown v. C, M. & St. P. R. Co., 26Brown v. Collins, 530Brown v. Derry, 669Brown v. Keill, 397Brown v. Kendall, 192Brown v. Merlo, 202Brown v. Shyne, 251Brown v. Superior Court, 297, 300, 638,

645Brown v. Wal-Mart Discount Cities, 387Bruttig v. Olsen, 408, 410, 413, 416Buckley v. Littell, 849Buford v. Houtz, 525Bunch v. Hoffinger Industries, Inc., 756Burke v. Rivo, 185Burnett v. National Enquirer, Inc., 792Bushnell v. Japanese-American Religious

& Cultural Center, 715Butler v. Rule, 214Butterfield v. Forrester, 656, 663Byers v. Gunn, 703Byrne v. Boadle, 261, 264

CC.C.H v. Philadelphia Phillies, Inc., 96,

102Calatayud v. State of California, 713

Calhoun v. Honda Motor Company, 282California v. Superior Court, 714Calles v. Scripto-Tokai Corp., 612, 613Calvillo-Silva v. Home Grocery, 426Campbell v. First Nat’l Bank in Albu-

querque, NM, 266Campbell v. Robert Bosch Power Tool

Corp., 731Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing Co.,

906Cantwell v. Connecticut, 111Carney, In re, 597Carpenter, State v., 857Carradine v. Minnesota, 783Carradine v. State, 784Carroll Towing Co., United States v.,

144, 194, 195, 612Carroll v. Whitney, 387Carter v. Taylor Diving & Salvage Co.,

360Caskie v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co., 599Castello v. County of Nassau, 678Catani v. Swift & Co., 599Caterpillar Tractor Co. v. Beck, 613Caterpillar Tractor Co. v. Ford, 734Cathemer v. Hunter, 30Caudle v. Betts, 27Causby, United States v. , 58Celle v. Filipino Reporter Enterps. Inc.,

861Central Hardware Co. v. NLRB, 66Central Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v.

Public Service Comm’n of New York, 839

Chamberlain v. Mathis, 787Chandler v. Aero Mayflower Transit

Company, 682Cheong v. Antablin , 714Chevron Chemical Co., Ex parte, 573Christensen v. Superior Court, 177Christian v. La Forge, 689Church of Scientology Int’l v. Time

Warner, Inc., 861Cibenko v. Worth Publishers, 770Ciofalo v. Vic Tanney Gyms, Inc., 684Cities Service Oil Co. v. Florida, 532

xx TABLE OF CASES

City of (see name of city)Clark v. Associated Retail Credit Men,

874Clark v. Carson, 433Clark v. Leisure Vehicles, Inc., 417Clinic Masters v. District Court, 682Clinkscales v. Carver, 250Cobhs v. Grant, 29Colby v. Schwartz, 202Collins v. Eli Lilly Co., 300, 409, 413, 416Commonwealth v. (see name of

defendant)Community College, 708Coney v. J.L.G. Industries, Inc., 398Conklin v. Canadian Colonial Airways,

Inc., 685Conley v. Boyle Drug Co., 300Conley v. Doe, 36Connelly v. Cone, 214Connolly v. Nicollet Hotel, 275Continental Air Ticketing Agency v.

Empire Int. Travel, 773Conway v. O’Brien, 196Cook v. Minneapolis, St. P. & S.S.M. Ry.

Co., 291, 292Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman

Tool Group, 494Copley v. Wills, 724Correia v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.,

471Cosgrove v. Beymer, 162Covell v. Bell Sports, Inc., 605Cowman v. Hornaday, 223, 226Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn, 904Cox v. Northwest Airlines, 263Coyle v. Richardson-Merrell, Inc., 598Craig v. Amateur Softball Association of

America, 720Crankshaw v. Piedmont Driving Club,

324Crawford v. Pacific Western Mobile

Estates, Inc. , 444Crisci v. Security Insurance Co., 164Cronin v. J.B.E. Olson Corp., 577, 581,

585, 586, 587, 588, 739, 743

Crowley v. Spivey, 159Culpepper v. Hermann Weihrauch KG,

730Cunis v. Brennan, 180Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts, 55, 801,

804, 814, 815, 816Curtiss-Wright Flying Service, Inc. v.

Glose, 685

DDahl v. Turner, 202Daley v. LaCroix, 162Daley v. Meier, 179Dalury v. S-K-I, Ltd., 698Daly v. General Motors Corp., 735Danks v. Stock Bldg. Supply, 408, 410,

412, 413Dart v. Wiebe Manufacturing, Inc., 632,

634, 635Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuti-

cals, Inc., 185, 311, 312, 314David v. New York, 141Davies v. Mann, 661Debus v. Grand Union Stores of Ver-

mont, 514Delair v. McAdoo, 204Delaney v. Taco Time Int’l, Inc., 690Delgado, Commonwealth v., 37Dellwo v. Pearson, 212DeLuca v. Bowden, 21Dempsey v. Hartley, 165Dennis v. American Honda Motor Co.,

731, 732, 733, 734Denny v. Ford Motor Co., 611Denver Publishing Co. v. Bueno, 913Department of General Services v.

United States Mineral Products Co., 605

Depue v. Flatau, 122Derdiarian v. Felix Contracting Corp.,

342Derosier v. New England Tel. & Tel. Co.,

320Desir ex. rel. Estiverne v. Vertus, Estate

of, 133

TABLE OF CASES xxi

Desnick v. American Broadcasting Companies, 890

Dickens v. Debolt, 68Dicranian v. Foster, 156Dill v. Excel Packing Company, 80Dillon v. Legg, 168, 173, 708Dimick v. Schiedt, 518Distefano v. Forester, 758Dodd v. Pearson, 72Doe Parents No. 1 v. State Dept. of

Education, 141Doe v. Berkeley Pub., 901Doe v. Cutter Biological, Inc., 301Doe v. Linder Constr. Co., 394Doenges-Long Motors v. Gillen, 681Doherty v. S.S. Kresge Co., 255Dolan v. Galluzzo, 216Dole v. Dow Chem. Co., 380, 382Dongguk Univ. v. Yale Univ., 863Doreika v. Blotner, 229Dougherty v. Stepp, 58DRD Pool Serv. v. Freed, 515Dreosch, Petition of, 126Drug Research Corp. v. Curtis Pub. Co.,

773Dulieu v. White, 321Dun & Bradstreet v. Greenmoss Build-

ers, Inc., 836Dunn v. Hoffman Beverage Co., 263Dunn v. Teti, 213Dupler v. Seubert, 44Duquesne Light Company v. Woodland

Hills School District, 720Dyer v. Maine Drilling & Blasting, Inc.,

539, 544

EEconomopoulos v. A. G. Pollard Co., 777Eimann v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine,

347Eisel v. Board of Educ., Montgomery

County, 155Ellis v. D’Angelo , 146Emory Univ. v. Lee, 256Engle v. Clark, 79Enright v. Eli Lilly & Co., 363

Erickson v. Jones Street Publishers, LLC, 832

Erickson v. Kongsli, 246Erickson v. Marsh & McLennan, 790Erie R.R. Co. v. Tompkins, 550Ervin v. Continental Conveyor and

Equipment Co., 721Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co., 10, 262,

521, 564, 572, 607Estate of (see name of party)Ex parte (see name of party)Exner v. Sherman Power Const. Co., 533,

535

FF.W. Woolworth v. Kirby, 465Fairfax Hosp. Sys. v. Nevitt, 520Falcon v. Memorial Hospital, 302Farrow v. Hoffecker, 244Fedor v. Mauwehu Council, Boy Scouts

of America, 680Feldman v. Lederle Laboratories, 624Fellows v. Cantrell, 681Fennell v. Southern Md. Hosp. Center,

Inc., 307Ferrara v. Galluchio, 165Ferrari v. Grand Canyon Dories, 759Ferraro v. Ford Motor Co., 727Fibreboard Corp. v. Fenton, 639Fischer v. Johns-Manville Corp., 504,

506Fisher v. Carrousel Motor Hotel, Inc., 32,

173Fisher v. Coastal Transp. Co., 173Fitzgerald v. Penthouse Int’l, Ltd., 830,

831Flamm v. American Assoc. of Univ.

Women, 857Fletcher v. Rylands, 526, 528Foglio v. Western Auto Supply, 586, 591Food Lion v. Capital Cities/ABC, 893Ford v. Carew & English, 10Ford v. Polaris Industries, Inc., 747Foretich v. Capital Cities/ABC, Inc., 829Forsyth v. Eli Lilly & Co., 315

xxii TABLE OF CASES

Fortier v. Los Rios Community College Dist., 714, 105

Foster v. Preston Mill Co., 544Foster v. Trafalgar House Oil & Gas, 515Franchise Tax Bd. v. Hyatt , 913Franco v. Bunyard, 245Fred Harvey Corp. v. Mateas, 674Freeman v. Hale, 758Freeman v. Hoffman-La Roche, Inc., 641Friedman, Matter of, 682Frye v. United States, 312Ft. Smith, City of v. Western Hide & Fur

Co., 80Fuller v. Preis, 361Fuller v. Sirois, 253Furey v. Thomas Jefferson Univ. Hosp.,

221

GGalardi v. Seahorse Riding Club, 714Garcia v. City of South Tucson, 672, 673Garcia v. Sky Climber, Inc., 553Garratt v. Dailey, 18, 21, 27Garrison v. Deschutes County, 697Garrison v. Louisiana, 789, 816Gasperini v. Center for Humanities, Inc.,

518Geiser v. Petrocelli, 861Gen. Elec. Co. v. Process Control Co.,

387General Motors Corp. v. Saint, 732Georgia-Pacific Corp. v. Bostic, 308, 311Gerchberg v. Loney, 426Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 55, 772, 802,

810, 811, 812, 822, 823, 824, 825, 826, 827, 828, 830, 831, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 840, 841, 842, 844, 849, 851, 854, 855

Giant Food, Inc. v. Satterfield, 515Gibson v. Denton (1896) 4 A.D. 198

N.Y.S. 554, 439Gibson v. Norfolk Southern Corp., 733Giguere v. Rosselot, 156Gilbert v. Medical Economics Co., 901Gilbert v. Showerman, 80

Gilman v. Spitzer, 861Glandon v. Fiala, 668Goddard v. Boston & Maine R.R. Co.,

257Goepfert v. Filler, 665Golden v. Amory, 544Goldstein v. Pataki, 860Goodfellow v. Coggburn, 212Gordon v. American Museum of Nat.

History, 258Gorman v. Abbott Labs., 301Gosewisch v. American Honda Motor

Co., 634Graphic Arts Mut. Ins. Co. v. Bakers

Mut. Ins. Co., 382Green v. Denney, 325Greenberg v. CBS Inc., 775Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc.,

570, 585, 737, 743Greenmoss Builders, Inc. v. Dun &

Bradstreet, Inc., 833Greenwood v. Lowe Chemical Co., 472Greer v. Columbus Monthly Publishing

Corp., 850Grey v. Fibreboard Paper Products Co.,

658, 738Griffith v. United Air Lines, 597Groshek v. Groshek, 668Grosjean v. Spencer, 223Gross v. New York Times Co., 862Gross v. Sweet, 686Group Health Coop. of Eau Claire v.

Hartland Cicero Mut. Ins. Co., 406Grundberg v. Upjohn Co., 645Gulf Refining Co. v. Williams, 197Gurda v. Orange County Pub. Div., 775Gurtler v. Union Parts Mfg. Co., 773Gutierrez v. Scripps-Howard, 345

HH.R. Moch Co. v. Rensselaer Water Co.,

146Haag v. Bongers, 643Hackbart v. Cincinnati Bengals, Inc., 97Hackmeyer v. Hackmeyer, 484

TABLE OF CASES xxiii

Hadar v. AVCO Corporation, 720Haft v. Lone Palm Hotel, 286Hagler v. Coastal Farm Holdings, Inc.,

697Hahn v. Richter, 607, 615Haisten v. Kubota Corp., 733Hall v. E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co.,

301Hamblin v. State/Maricopa County

Adult Probation Department, 337Hamil v. Bashline, 620Hamilton v. Martinelli & Associates, 714Hammontree v. Jenner, 8, 16Hanford Nuclear Reservation Litigation,

Phillips v. E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., In re, 544

Hanks v. Powder Ridge Restaurant Corp., 699

Hanlon v. Pomeroy, 519Hanson v. Kynast, 90Harlan Water Co. v. Carter, 148Harmony Ditch v. Sweeney, 36Harris v. Jones, 48, 53Harte-Hanks Comms., Inc. v. Con-

naugnton, 863Hawkes v. Goll, 381Hay v. Cohoes Co., 538Hayes v. Torrington Water Co., 148Heath v. Swift Wings, Inc., 217Heaton v. Ford Motor Co., 611Heaven v. Pender, 153Heeg v. Licht, 538Helling v. Carey, 241Henderson v. Harnischfeger Corp., 587Henderson v. Quest Expeditions, Inc.,

698Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc.,

555, 564Henry v. J. W. Eshelman & Sons, 479Hergenrether v. East, 348Hernandez v. Hillsides, Inc., 877Herod v. Grant, 668Herrmann v. Newark Morning Ledger

Co., 770, 771Herskovits v. Group Health Coop, of

Puget Sound, 306

Hetherton v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 242, 243, 246

Hicks v. Commercial Union Ins. Co., 731, 734

Hicks v. M.H.A. Inc., 467Hiigel v. General Motors Corp., 744Hill v. Edmonds, 295Hill v. Glenwood, 210Hill v. Kimball, 173Hill v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn.,

883Hill v. Searle Laboratories, 644Hines v. Garrett, 345Hinsdale v. Orange County Pub., 774Hoagburg v. Harrah’s Marina Hotel

Casino, 771Hodges v. Mack Trucks, Inc., 664Hoffman v. Jones, 396, 397, 656, 703,

705, 706Hofmann v. Blackmon, 153Holder v. Key System, 509Holmes v. Southern Cal. Edison Co., 509Holston v. Sisters of Third Order of St.

Francis, 517Home Ins. Co. v. American Home Prods.

Corp., 506Honda Motor Co. v. Oberg, 517Hopkins v. Dow Corning Corp., 315Hopkins v. Fox & Lazo Realtors, 133Howell v. Clyde, 719Hubbard v. United Press International,

Inc., 161Huddleston v. United States, 244Huffman and Wright Logging Co. v.

Wade, 63Hughes v. Seven Springs Farm, Inc., 720Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell, 53,

767, 783Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 787, 827Hymowitz v. Eli Lilly & Co., 295

II.C.U. Investigations v. Jones, 877Idema v. Wager, 860Immuno v. Moor-Jankowski, 863

xxiv TABLE OF CASES

Imperial Apparel, Ltd. v. Cosmo’s Designer Direct, Inc., 857

In re (see name of party)Indiana Harbor Belt R.R. Co. v. Ameri-

can Cyanamid Co., 537Irish & Swartz Stores v. First Nat’l Bk.,

694Irwin v. Ashurst, 787Irwin v. Klaeren, 669Issen v. Lincenberg, 396

JJ. & W. Corp. v. Ball, 475J.C. Penney Cas. Ins. v. M.K., 506J.H. Borland, Sr. v. Sanders Lead Co., 59Jackson v. Glidden Co., 301Jackson v. Long-Cope, 793Jackson v. Velveray Corp., 453Jacob E. Decker & Sons, Inc. v. Capps,

550Jacobs v. Horton Mem. Hosp., 175James v. Gannett Co., 775, 776January v. Peace, 345Jarnot v. Ford Motor Co., 600Jasko v. F.W. Woolworth Co., 259Jiminez v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 589John B. v. Superior Court of Los Angeles

County, 229Johnson & Johnson Merck Consumer

Pharm. Co. v. Smith Kline Beecham Corp., 862

Johnson Publishing Co. v. Davis, 797Johnson v. Chapman, 378Johnson v. City of Plymouth, 125Johnson v. Dirkswager, 786Johnson v. Jamaica Hosp., 175Johnson v. Misericordia Cmty. Hosp.,

412Johnson v. State of California, 146Johnson v. State, 175Johnson v. United States, 265Johnston v. Long, 510Jones v. Dressel, 679Jones v. Hansen, 430Jones v. Harris, 48

Jones v. NordicTrack, Inc., 622Jones v. O’Young, 216Jones v. Palmer Communications, 802Jordon v. Lewis, 775June v. Union Carbide Corp., 292

KKahn v. East Side Union High School

Dist., 714, 753Kansas City Power & Light Company v.

United Telephone Company of Kansas, Inc., 684

Karnell v. Campbell, 771Kassel v. Gannett Co., 802Katko v. Briney, 115Kaufman v. American Youth Hostels,

680, 686Kearl v. Lederle Labs, 638Keel v. Hainline, 27Kelhi v. Fitzpatrick, 756Kelley v. Post Pub. Co., 872Kelly v. Gwinnell, 349, 522Kendrick v. District Attorney of Phila-

delphia County, 597Kendrick v. Neisz, 681Kennedy v. Sheriff of E. Baton Rouge,

790Kermarec v. Compagnie Generale

Transatlantique, 478Keser v. Chagnon, 681Ketterer v. Armour & Co., 572Kibler v. Northern Inyo County Local

Hospital Dist., 793Kilgus, United States v. , 312Kilian v. Doubleday & Co., 783Kinard v. Coats Co., Inc., 744Kinsman Transit Co. v. Buffalo, 371Kinsman Transit Co., Petition of, 521Kirch v. Liberty Media Corp., 861Kirkland v. General Motors Corp., 744Kirschner v. Louisville Gas & Electric

Co., 480K-Lines v. Roberts Motor Co., 694

TABLE OF CASES xxv

Knight v. Jewett, 709, 710, 712, 713, 714, 715, 717, 718, 721, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 759, 760, 761, 762

Knitz v. Minster Mach. Co., 620Koffman v. Garnett, 95Korean Air Lines Disaster of September

1, 1983, In re, 357Kotlikoff v. The Community News, 770Krahn v. LaMeres, 212Krauth v. Geller, 451Krohn, In re, 636Kubby v. Hammond, 78Kubert v. Best, 130Kuehner v. Green, 91Kumho Tire Co., Ltd. v. Carmichael, 314Kush by Marszalek v. City of Buffalo,

345Kwasny v. United States, 517

LLake v. Wal-Mart, 875, 910Lambertson v. United States, 34Lamkin v. Towner, 620Landeros v. Flood, 324Lane v. Fair Stores, Inc., 467Langan v. Valicopters, Inc., 12, 16, 544Langeland v. Farmers State Bank, 161Langlois v. Allied Chemical Corp., 676Larson v. St. Francis Hotel, 277Lawrence v. Fox, 147Lawrence v. O & G Industries, Inc., 143Lawrence v. Texas, 777Lechuga, Inc. v. Montgomery, 627Lee v. National League Baseball Club of

Milwaukee Inc., 467Leers v. Green, 770Leppke v. Segura, 354Lewis v. Coffing Hoist Division, Duff-

Norton Co., 604Lewis, People v. , 292Leyendecker & Assocs., Inc., v. Wechter,

173Li v. Yellow Cab Co., 653, 709, 710, 711,

735, 737, 738, 740, 741, 742Liberman v. Gelstein, 787

Limbaugh v. Coffee Med. Ctr., 387Lincenberg v. Issen, 396, 397Lincoln First Bank v. Siegel, 773Lincoln v. Power, 824Ling v. Jan’s Liquors, 256, 354Lipson v. Superior Court, 756Lobby v. Anderson, 793Lohrmann v. Pittsburgh Corning Corp.,

309, 310Lombard v. Louisiana, 699Longstaff, Matter of, 776Losee v. Buchanan, 530Lott v. State, 175Louisiana ex rel. Guste v. M/V Testbank,

369, 370Louisville & N.R.R. v. Allen, 397Lowe v. Estate Motors, Ltd., 665Loyacano v. Continental Insurance

Company, 553Lucas v. Hamm, 150, 151, 152Lupie v. Hartzheim, 406Luxford v. Large, 663Lynch v. Nurdin, 663Lyons v. New Amer. Lib., 774

MMacDonald v. City Hospital, Inc., 520MacDonald v. Perry, 79MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co., 564,

567, 568, 608Mahoney v. Carus Chemical Co., 453Maki v. Frelk, 659Malecha v. St. Croix Valley Skydiving

Club, Inc., 698Maloney v. Rath, 11Maloney v. Valley Med. Facilities, Inc.,

597Maniaci v. Marquette University, 46Mann v. Cook, 471Marchetti v. Kalish, 90Mariorenzi v. DiPonte, Inc., 477, 479,

481Marsh v. Alabama, 66Marshall v. Ranne, 721Martin v. Abbott Labs, 300

xxvi TABLE OF CASES

Martin v. Herzog, 247, 248Maryland Casualty Co. v. Heiot, 453Maryland Casualty Co. v. Wolff, 68Masson v. New Yorker Magazine, Inc.,

783, 806Matherson v. Marchello, 772Mathis v. Massachusetts Electric Co., 469Matter of (see name of party)Matthews v. Campbell Soup Co., 549Matthies v. Positive Safety Mfg. Co., 406Mattox v. News Syndicate Co., 779May v. Burdett, 525Mayhew v. Sullivan Mining Co., 236Mazetti v. Armour & Co., 562McAlister v. Methodist Hosp., 390McCarty v. Pheasant Run, Inc., 196McCathern v. Toyota Motor Corp., 580McClenahan v. Cooley, 389McCollum v. CBS, Inc., 307McCown v. International Harvester Co.,

726McCutcheon v. United Homes Corp.,

456McDaniel v. McNeil Laboratories, Inc.,

642, 644, 646McDermott, Inc. v. AmClyde, 400McDonald v. City of Red Wing, 127McDougald v. Garber, 517McIntyre v. Balentine, 385, 386, 390McKisson v. Sales Affiliates, Inc., 550McNulty v. Southern Pacific Co., 512Melia v. Ford Motor Co., 744Melvin v. Reid, 112 Cal. App. 285 P. 91

(Cal. App. 1931), 899Mercer v. Corbin, 24Mercer v. Hawes, 433Mercer v. Vanderbilt University, Inc., 394Merenda v. Superior Court, 164Michel v. NYP Holdings, 860Michie v. Great Lakes Steel Div., Nat’l

Steel Corp., 295Mickel v. Haines Enterprises, Inc., 697Mikolajczyk v. Ford Motor Co., 622Mile High Fence Co. v. Radovich, 461

Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co., 810, 851, 862

Miller v. Fallon County, 692Miller v. National Broadcasting Co., 885,

886, 887, 888Miller v. Preis, 600, 601 607, 608, 618Miller v. Wyeth Labs., 301Miller v. Zep Mfg. Co., 434Milwaukee Electric Tool Corp. v.

Superior Court, 754Mink v. University of Chicago, 28Mirand v. New York, 140Mitchell v. Gonzales, 54 Cal. 3d 1041,

292Mix v. Ingersoll Candy Co., 551Mohr v. Williams, 83, 227Molien v. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals,

169Monroe v. Basis School, Inc., 140Moore v. Atchison, T. & S.F.R. Co., 278Moore v. Lillebo, 173Moore v. McKay, 722Moore v. The Regents of the University

of California, 231Morgan v. County of Yuba , 146Morgan v. Loyacomo, 33Morris v. Parke, Davis & Co., 301Morrison v. National Broadcasting Co.,

860, 873, 874Moser v. Stallings, 223Mosler v. Whelan, 770Motschenbacher v. R.J. Reynolds

Tobacco Co., 919, 920Mounsey v. Ellard, 470, 480Mr. Chow of New York v. Ste. Jour Azur

S.A., 848Mulcahy v. Eli Lilly & Co., 301Munn v. Hotchkiss School, 138, 139Murphy v. Taxicabs of Louisville, Inc.,

294Musso v. Picadilly Cafeterias, Inc., 551Myers v. Lennox Co-op. Ass’n, 667, 668Mylan Pharm., Inc. v. Proctor & Gamble

Co., 862

TABLE OF CASES xxvii

Myrlak v. Port Authority of NY & NJ, 640

Mzamane v. Winfrey, 832

NNAACP v. Button, 798Nabozny v. Barnhill, 93Naifeh v. Valley Forge Life Ins. Co., 394National Detective Agency, Inc. v.

Stevens, 877National Medical Transportation

Network v. Deloitte & Touche, 753National Surety Corp. v. Applied Sys., 75Nazeri v. Missouri Valley College, 777Near v. Minnesota, 793Negri v. Stop & Shop, Inc., 256, 258Neighbarger v. Irwin Industries, Inc.,

756Neiman-Marcus Co. v. Lait, 777New York State Silicone Breast Implant

Litig., In re, 301New York Times v. Sullivan, 767, 780,

788, 789, 793, 794, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 811, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 822, 823, 827, 828, 829, 834, 835, 837, 838, 839, 841, 842, 855, 860, 864, 908

New York Times v. United States, 793Newing v. Cheatham, 266Ney v. Yellow Cab Co., 255, 348Nickerson v. Hodges, 53Nix v. Williams, 668Noble v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 883, 886Noguchi v. Nakamura, 105November v. Time Inc., 775Nowark v. Maguire, 775, 776

OO’Connor v. Burningham, 802Ogden v. Association of the United

States Army, 793Ogle v. Avina, 409, 410, 411, 416, 42Oklahoma Publishing Co. v. Oklahoma

County District Court, 904Olin Mathieson C. Corp. v. White C.

Stores, 597

Oliver v. Miles, 294Olivia N. v. National Broadcasting Co.,

158, 307Ollman v. Evans, 849, 853Ordway v. Superior Court, 711Ostro v. Safir, 777Ostrowe v. Lee, 773Ouellette v. Blanchard, 479Overall v. Kadella, 92Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. Morts

Dock & Engineering Co., 321, 325Owens v. Truckstops of Am., 386, 387,

390Ozer v. Borquez, 902

PPacific Mutual Life Insurance Co. v.

Haslip, 486, 488, 489, 490, 498, 499Pacific Northwest Bell Tel. Co. v. Port of

Seattle, 14Pakett v. The Phillies L.P., 720Palin v. The New York Times Co., 858Palsgraf v. The Long Island Railroad Co.,

328, 338Parsons v. Age-Herald Publishing Co.,

797Pascucci v. Town of Oyster Bay, 678Pat H. Foley & Co. v. Wyatt, 173Patterson v. Sacramento City Unified

School District, 706Pauscher v. Iowa Methodist Medical

Center, 87, 222, 228Pavesich v. New England Life Ins. Co.,

875Payton v. Abbott Labs, 184Pearce v. Utah Athletic Foundation, 698Pearson v. Dodd, 72, 872, 874, 875People Express Airlines v. Consolidated

Rail Corp., 367People v. (see name of defendant)Perricone v. DiBartolo, 212PETA v. Bobby Berosini Ltd, 917Peterson v. Sorlien, 107Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps,

55, 783, 840

xxviii TABLE OF CASES

Philip Morris USA, Inc. v. Williams, 503Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Shutts, 496Phillips v. Cricket Lighters, 605, 606Phillips v. Kimwood Machine Co., 574,

630Phoenix, City of v. Johnson, 78, 79Phoenix, City of v. Leroy’s Liquors Inc.,

637Picher v. Roman Catholic Bishop of

Portland, 543Pierce v. Capital Cities Communications

Inc., 770Pietrone v. American Honda Motor Co.,

259Pillars v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 278,

547Pletan v. Gaines, 787PLIVA, Inc. v. Mensing, 765Ploof v. Putnam, 119, 122Pluckwell v. Wilson, 663Pokora v. Wabash Railway Co., 238Polk v. Ford Motor Co., 284Ponder v. Cartmell, 360Potter v. Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.,

615Potter v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.,

163Powers v. Taser International, Inc., 632Prentis v. Yale Mfg. Co., 609Previte v. Wanskuck Co., 478Price v. Shell Oil Co., 740Pridham v. Cash & Carry, 360Pring v. Penthouse International, 780Privitera v. Town of Phelps, 774Procanik by Procanik v. Cillo, 185Proctor v. Adams, 120Public Service Company of Colorado v.

Van Wyk, 62Purcell and Okrina v. Midwestern Corp.,

161Purcell v. St. Paul City Railway, 160Purchase v. Seelye, 361Purtill v. Hess, 216, 217Putnam v. Erie City Manufacturing

Company, 550

Pyle v. Kernan, 690

QQuesada v. Oak Hill Improvement Co.,

176Quill v. Trans World Airlines, 159

RRagnone v. Portland School Dist. No. 1J,

697Rahmig v. Mosley Machinery Co., 643,

104Rapp v. Hiemenz, 179Ratcliff v. San Diego Baseball Club, 759Ratner v. Arrington , 513Ravo v. Rogatnick, 379Ray v. Cutter Labs., Div. of Miles, Inc.,

301Ray v. Downes, 669Real Good Food v. First National Bank,

694Renslow v. Mennonite Hospital, 178Reporters’ Assn. v. Sun Print. & Pub.

Assn., 773Resolution Trust Corp. v. Block, 387Reuber v. Food Chemical News, 830, 831Revell v. McCaughan, 389Reyes v. Vantage Steamship Co., 285Reyes v. Wyeth Laboratories, 551Reynolds v. Clarke, 192Reynolds v. Pierson, 24Reynolds v. Texas & Pac. Ry. Co., 286Reynolds v. W.H. Hinman Co., 541Richards v. Badger Mut. Ins. Co., 402,

404Richie v. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., 301Ridley v. Safety Kleen, 664Riley v. Triplex Commun., Inc., 341Rinaldo v. McGovern, 197Rising v. Veatch, 214Rivera v. New York City Transit Author-

ity, 198Riverside Enters. v. Rahn, 255Rizutto v. Davidson Ladders, Inc., 690Roach v. Kononen, 578, 580

TABLE OF CASES xxix

Roberts v. State of Louisiana, 208Robins Dry Dock & Repair Co. v. Flint,

368Robinson v. Lindsay, 211Robinson v. Pioche, Bayerque & Co., 210Roedder v. Rowley, 512Rogers v. Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Co., 86Romaine v. Kallinger, 768Rosa v. Dunkin’ Donuts of Passaic, 451Rosen v. LTV Recreational Development,

Inc., 682Rosenberger v. Central Louisiana

District Livestock Show, 677Rosenblatt v. Baer, 802, 815Rosenbloom v. Metromedia, 802, 840,

843Ross v. Nutt, 348Roth v. Union Depot Co., 211Rothstein v. Snowbird Corp., 693Rotkiewicz v. Sadowsky, 802Rouse v. Hornsby, 279Rowe v. Metz, 838Rowland v. Christian, 421, 429, 439, 441,

478, 522, 708Roy v. Continental Insurance Co., 104Ruiz v. Victory Properties, LLC, 140Ruiz-Guzman v. Amvac Chem. Corp.,

622Rushink v. Gerstheimer, 254Rutz v. Iacono, 669Ryan v. New York Central R.R. Co., 319,

521Rylands v. Fletcher, 528, 530, 531, 532,

533, 534, 536, 542

SSaelzler v. Advanced Group, 288Safeway Stores, Inc. v. Smith, 461Salvador v. Atlantic Steel Boiler Co., 728Salzano v. North Jersey Media Group,

Inc., 825Samsel v. Wheeler Transp. Servs., 519Samson v. Riesing, 277Samuelson v. McMurtry, 390, 391

Sana v. Brown, 179Sanchez v. Hillerich & Bradsby Co., 286Sanders v. ABC, 893Sanders v. Central of Ga. Ry. Co., 201Sandy v. Bushey, 544, 726Santa Barbara, City of v. Superior Court

of Santa Barbara County, 717Satterfield v. Breeding Insulation Co.,

394Scampone v. Highland Park Care Center,

LLC, 597, 615Schaffer v. Pennsylvania R.R. Co., 378Schatz v. Republican State Leadership

Comm., 864Schauer v. Joyce, 382Scheffer v. Railroad Co., 363Schneider v. Cessna Aircraft Co., 636Schwartzman v. Weiner, 244Scott v. News-Herald, 853Sears v. Waste Processing Equip., Inc.,

731Seffert v. Los Angeles Transit Lines, 507September 11 Litigation, In re, 354Sepulveda, Commonwealth v., 620Sharp v. Fairbanks North Star Borough,

536Shell Oil Co. v. Gutierrez, 636Sherer v. Linginfelter, 390, 392Siegelman v. Cunard White Star Ltd.,

862Siegler v. Kuhlman, 14, 15Sima, State v. , 244Simpson Strong-Tie Co., Inc. v. Gore,

793Sindell v. Abbott Labs, 297, 298, 299Singleton v. Sherer, 482Sipple v. Chronicle Publishing Co., 902Skipworth v. Lead Indus. Assoc., 301Slade v. Whitco Corp., 518Slater v. Mersereau, 381Slusher v. Ospital, 493Smith v. Cutter Biological, Inc., 301Smith v. Daily Mail Publishing Co., 904,

905Smith v. Eli Lilly & Co., 301

xxx TABLE OF CASES

Soldano v. O’Daniels, 146Solem v. Helm, 487Soule v. Gen. Motors Corp., 611, 613Soule v. Massachusetts Elec. Co., 470Southwest Pet Prod., Inc., v. Koch Indus.,

636Spano v. Perini Corp., 16, 537, 544Speiser v. Randall, 798Sprecher v. Adamson Cos., 437Spur Industries, Inc. v. Del E. Webb

Development Co., 76St. Amant v. Thompson, 789, 803, 863,

864St. Elizabeth Hosp. v. Garrard, 171Staats by Staats v. Lawrence, 668Stacy v. Knickerbocker Ice Co., 285Stafford v. Neurological Med., Inc., 363Standard Oil Company of California v.

Perkins, 682State ex rel. Blond v. Stubbs, 394, 395State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co.

v. Campbell, 492State Rubbish Assn. v. Siliznoff, 511Staten v. Superior Court, 758Steele v. City of Houston, 126Stein v. Tragercontra, 774Steinhausen v. Homeservices of Ne-

braska, Inc., 844Stern v. Cosby, 776Sternhagen v. Dow Company, 625Stevens v. Rockport Granite Co., 80Stillman v. Ford, 788Stilp v. Commonwealth, 597Strand v. U.S. Bank Nat. Ass’n, 696Strauss v. Belle Realty Co., 148Strawbridge v. Sugar Mountain Resort,

Inc., 693Stuart v. Western Union Tel. Co., 173Stukuls v. State of New York, 788Suits v. Glover, 105Sullivan v. Conway, 856Sullivan v. Crabtree, 278Summers v. Tice, 293, 295, 296, 399Sutter v. Hutchings, 354Swain v. Tenn. Copper Co., 392

TTacke v. Vermeer Mfg. Co. (1986), 626Taco Bell, Inc. v. Lannon, 459Tan v. Goddard, 714Tanny-hill v. Pacific Motor Trans. Co., 10Tansy v. Dacomed Corp., 644Tantimonico v. Allendale Mutual

Insurance Co., 477Tarasoff v. The Regents of the University

of California, 152Tarr v. Ciasulli, 134Taylor v. Superior Court, 504Taylor v. Vallelunga, 53Tedla v. Ellman, 247Tenold v. Weyerhaeuser Co., 519Teolis v. Moscatelli, 101Terwilliger v. Wands, 776The Southwark, 234The T.J. Hooper I, 234The T.J. Hooper II, 235The Titania (D.C.), 234The Wagon Mound (No. 1), 324The Wagon Mound No. 2, 324Thing v. La Chusa, 167, 173Thomas v. Bedford, 103Thompson v. National R.R. Passenger

Corp., 517Thompson v. County of Alameda, 155Thompson v. McNeill, 96Threadgill v. Peabody Coal Co., 684Three Amigos SJL Rest., Inc. v. CBS

News Inc., 862Timbrell v. Suburban Hosp., 270Time, Inc. v. Firestone, 821Time, Inc. v. Hill, 57, 767, 908, 909, 915,

916, 918Tincher v. Omega Flex, Inc., 593Tolbert v. First National Bank, 691Town of (see name of town)Transports, Inc. v. Perry, 385, 386, 389,

395Tresemer v. Barke, 228Trimarco v. Klein, 236Trogun v. Fruchtman, 29Truhitte v. French Hosp., 270

TABLE OF CASES xxxi

Truman v. Thomas, 227Tunkl v. The Regents of the University of

California, 679, 684Turcotte v. Fell, 678Turner v. Big Lake Oil Co., 530Tuttle v. Atlantic City R.R. Co., 360TXO Production Corp. v. Alliance

Resources Corp., 484, 489, 490

UUhlmann v. Kin Daw, 690Ukiah, Town of v. Ukiah Water &

Improvement Co., 148United States v. (see name of defendant)University of Ariz. Health Sciences

Center v. Superior Court, 188

VVan Iperen v. Van Bramer, 223Vandermark v. Ford Motor Co., 10Vasquez-Lopez v. Beneficial Oregon,

Inc., 692, 57, 58Vaughan v. Menlove, 202Vaughn v. Cortez, 669Vendrella v. Astriab Family Ltd. Partner-

ship, 143Vennall v. Garner, 663Vernars v. Young, 877Viccaro v. Milunsky, 181Vince v. Wilson, 156Vincent v. Lake Erie Transp. Co., 121Vincer v. Esther Williams All-Aluminum

Swimming Pool Co., 610Vine v. Bear Valley Ski Co., 760Vinikoor v. Pedal Pennsylvania, Inc., 718Virginia Pharmacy Bd. v. Virginia

Citizens Consumer Council, Inc., 839

Volz v. Ledes, 386Vosburg v. Putney, 25, 27

WW. C. James Inc. v. Phillips Petroleum

Company, 682W.J. Seufert Land Co. v. Greenfield, 690Wabash R.R. Co. v. Henks, 201

Wagner v. International Railway Co., 358Wagner v. York Hosp., 515, 518Walborn v. Stockman, 433Waldbaum v. Fairchild Publications,

Inc., 825Walker v. Kroger Grocery & Baking Co.,

406Wallace v. Rosen, 21Walnut Street Assocs., Inc. v. Brokerage

Concepts, Inc., 598Walser v. Resthaven Memorial Gardens,

Inc., 67Walt Disney World Co. v. Goode, 468Walt Disney World v. Wood, 396, 398,

399Washington & Georgetown R.R. Co. v.

Hickey, 295Waters v. Pacific Coast Dairy, Inc., 10Watkins v. United States Army, 776Watson v. Kentucky & Indiana Bridge &

Railroad Co., 343Way v. Boy Scouts of Am., Nat’l Shoot-

ing Sports Found., Inc., 347Wealth v. Renai, 244Weaver v. American Oil Company, 682Weaver v. Ward, 4, 16Webb v. Zern, 600, 727Weber v. Charity Hospital, 360Wegner v. Milwaukee Mut. Ins. Co., 124,

125Wehling v. Columbia Broadcasting

System, 811Weirum v. RKO General, Inc., 339Welch v. Outboard Marine Corp., 577,

610, 611, 613Westmoreland v. CBS, 805Weston v. Commercial Advertiser Ass’n,

780Westover v. East River Elec. Power

Co-op., Inc., 668Wheeler v. Raybestos-Manhattan, 301White v. Celotex Corp., 301White v. Huffmaster, 669White v. Samsung Electronics America,

Inc., 920

xxxii TABLE OF CASES

Whitehead v. Toyota Motor Corp., 386Whittaker v. Sandford, 42Wichita & Western Rwy. Co. v. Davis,

201Widmyer v. Southeast Skyways, Inc., 200Wilcox v. Waldman, 636Wilkinson v. Vesey, 226Williams v. Bennett, 622Williams v. Delta Int’l Machinery Corp.,

731, 733Williams v. Esaw, 212Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture

Company, 682Wilson Trading Corp. v. David Ferguson

Ltd., 682Wilson v. Fitch, 509Wilson v. Rule, 433Wolfe v. Feldman, 279Womack v. Eldridge, 49Wood v. United Air Lines, 537Woodill v. Parke Davis & Co., 639

Wright v. Brooke Grp. Ltd., 622Wrinkle v. Norman, 430, 544Wyeth v. Levine, 765

YYamaha Motor Corp. v. Paseman, 763Yania v. Bigan, 145Ybarra v. Spangard, 266Young v. Key Pharmaceuticals, 645Yukon Equipment, Inc. v. Fireman’s

Fund Insurance Co., 533

ZZabner v. Howard Johnson’s Inc., 552Zabunoff v. Walker, 10Zachardy v. Geneva College, 719Zafft v. Eli Lilly & Co., 301Zavala v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 40Zeni v. Anderson, 251Zibbell v. Southern Pacific Co., 512

xxxiii

Preface

For the Fourth Edition, our goal was to “polish the apple” by replacing cases that were not effective in class and adding new and impor tant ones. One of our goals was also to include cases with human interest in the book.

We have added many new cases and removed older cases that did not work well in class. We also shortened the casebook in an effort to reflect actual coverage in first year torts courses.

For this edition, we once again tried to incorporate comments we have received from those who have adopted the casebook. We hope to have been responsive.

Enjoy.

FRANK J. VANDALL Professor of Law Emory University School of Law

ELLEN WERTHEIMER Professor of Law Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law

MARK C. RAHDERT Professor of Law Temple University James E. Beasley School of Law February, 2018

xxxv

Acknowl edgments

For the Fourth Edition, I am especially indebted to the organizational and com-puter expertise of Marianne D’Souza. I also appreciate the support and encourage-ment of Emory Law School. — Frank Vandall

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For the Fourth Edition, I am deeply in the debt of Patricia Trask, my assistant, whose unfailing generosity with her time and expertise were invaluable. Christopher Merken, research assistant extraordinaire, provided crucial assistance for the Casebook and Teacher’s Manual. — Ellen Wertheimer

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For the Fourth Edition, I wish to acknowledge the encouragement and support I received from Dean Gregory Mandel and my faculty colleagues at Temple University Beasley School of Law. — Mark C. Rahdert