torsten schoch - međunarodni simpozij "savremeni pristup energetskoj efikasnosti u...

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Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH 1

Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH

Torsten Schoch

Managing Director

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High quality building materials you can depend on - today and in the future

Our products are developed in association

with scientists and engineers

and are rigorously tested.

Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH



Our research is based on three areas of expertise...

... as well as sand deposits, environmental protection and

patenting

Product and Process Research

Applied Research

Building Physics



Analytical chemistry, technical centre, mortar laboratory, materials testing

Basic research into innovative products and alternative

technologies and processes

Optimising recipes and physical characteristics

Quality assurance and quality control

Representing technical interests through involvement with national

and international standard committees and professional bodies

Product and Process Research



Building materials testing and development, suitability testing

Building components and systems are installed and tested.

Suitability testing of plaster, mortar and exterior insulation

and finishing systems.

Representing technical interests through involvement with

national and international standards committees and

professional bodies

Preparing national and European initial approvals for

building products and construction techniques

Applied Research



Thermal Insulation and Damp Proofing, Fire Protection,

Sound Insulation / Acoustics

Technology for better buildings in the long run

Developing new solutions using building physics: Energy conservation, use of alternative energies

Building a healthy environment, indoor climate, use of daylight

Developing modern software and instrumentation

Building Physics



Further training and education

Specialist events covering a wide variety of current

topics with well-known speakers

Software training events - e.g. introductory course for

Psi-Therm 2011 and ProjektCAD 2011 Wohnbau

software applications

Specialist construction days

Training with Xella

Energy efficiency and energy conservation are becoming

increasingly relevant to work in the construction industry.

A building’s energy requirement has become one of the

key factors in determining the choice of building material.

Xella offers nationally and internationally recognised

training courses for DEKRA energy consultants.



DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 Accreditation

Certificate


Torsten Schoch ·Xella Technologie- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH

Significance of the building sector using the example

of Europe

Please note:

30% of the entire energy

consumption in Europe is

allotted to heating and

cooling of buildings.

Industry: 28%

Buildings: 40%

Heating of water

Electrical devices

and lighting

Heating and cooling

of buildings: 75%

Transport: 32%

Source: EURIMA, ECOFIS-study

„Mitigation of CO2 Emissions from the Building Stock“



Energy Policy in Euope



Political and Economical Motivation

Environment: Climate change: up to +6,4°C in 2100 (IPCC)

Financial and Economic Crisis: EC´s Economic Recovery Plan

Social and Economic: Recent energy prices and their volatility

Security & Economy: EU Energy Import Dependency - Forecast



EPBD 2011

(1) Member States shall ensure that:

a) by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero energy buildings as defined in

Article 2(1a), and

b) after 31 December 2018, public authorities that occupy and own a new building shall

ensure that the building is a nearly zero energy building as defined in Article 2(1a)

Member States shall draw up national plans for increasing the number of nearly zero

energy buildings. These national plans may include targets differentiated according to the

category of building.

1a. Member States shall furthermore, following the leading example of the public sector,

develop policies and take measures such as targets in order to stimulate the

transformation of buildings that are refurbished into nearly zero energy buildings, and

inform the Commission thereof in their national plans referred to in paragraph 1.

Nearly zero energy buildings



Chimney

Roof

Thermal bridges

Wall

Window

Floor

Significance of the individual components of a

building envelope

Source: Exane BNP Paribas

Please note:

The best energy is the energy you

do not consume.

Therefore, the first step when

planning an energy-efficient

building should be to optimise the

building envelope.



Green and sustainable

buildings

Lightweight

construction

Modernization/

Renovation of buildings

Tightening of regulations

Uncertain financing of

construction projects

Smart materials and active

surfaces

Increasing prices

for raw materials

& energy

Fast and easy construction

Affordable

living

Energy producing and

storage functions of

buildings Intelligent houses

Healthy living

Politics/Environment/Society

Industry/Architecture

Building Shell/Technology/Materials

What will drive design and construction in the future?

15

Future Scenario :



What is energy-efficient today and in the future ? The only right answer ?

triple glazing

more insulation

ventilation system with high

efficiency/heat recovery system

soil

collectors/

heat pump

Solar panels

additional air

additional air

used air

used air

outgoing air

fresh

outside

air



Zero-energy buildings…

…are buildings that produce as much energy as they consume over a full year.

A Comparison with the low energy house is possible, additional needs:

Renewable energy system such as solar and wind power (house = small and

smart power station)

High-insulated envelop, appr. 30 % better than a low-energy house



Energy-Plus buildings…

…are buildings that produce more energy than they consume over a full year.

A Comparison with the low energy house is possible, additional needs:

Renewable energy system such as solar and wind power (house = small and smart power

station)

High-insulated envelop, appr. 60 % better than a low-energy house

Extra energy is usually electricity produced with solar cells



Focus of energy optimization of new buildings on

building envelope

Building Envelope

91%

7% 2%

Yes

Don't know

No

Installation Engineering

66%

22%

12%

Yes

Don't know

No

Renewable Energies

23%

25%

52%

Yes

Don't know

No

Which measures do our target groups have currently in mind

with regard to energy optimization of new buildings?



0,63 €/ for saving of 1 litre/m³oil/gas envelop

windows

Building service

What is the current price of energy saving????

1,55 €/ for saving of 1 litre/m³oil/gas




0,75 €/ for saving of 1 litre/m³oil/gas envelop

windows

Building service

What will be the expected price of energy saving????

....by trend we expect an increase of the importance of the

building envelope due to the fact that the next steps of energy

saving has to be combined with more and more (expensive)

sophisticated technologies like heat pump and solar- supported

heating systems





Quelle:

LCA of Building Materials

Berlin, 2000

A decrease of thermal conductivity of 20 mW has the same influence on

the primary energy demand as the use of a heat pump …



Overview expected U-value requirements in 2020 (80% of the market)

red: U ≤ 0,15 W/(m²K)

grey: 0,15 W/(m²K) < U ≤ 0,25 W/(m²K)

green: U ≥ 0,25 W/(m²K)



Innovation leadership due to the best products

Das Technikum Brück



Typical low energy AAC-Walls

Exterior rendering 10 mm

YTONG 300 mm

interior rendering 10 mm

PPW2-0,35; l = 0,09 W/(mK)

U-value = 0,28 W/(m²K) U-value = 0,23 W/(m²K)

PPW2-0,40; l = 0,10 W/(mK)

U-value = 0,31 W/(m²K) U-value = 0,26 W/(m²K)

PPW4-0,50; l = 0,12 W/(mK)

U-value= 0,36 W/(m²K) U-value= 0,30 W/(m²K)

Monolithic walls


YTONG 365 mm





YTONG 425 mm


PPW2-0,35; l= 0,08 W/(mK)

U-value = 0,18 W/(m²K) U-value= 0,16 W/(m²K)

Monolithic walls


YTONG 480 mm





Masonry outer leaf 115 mm

air layer 40 mm

insulation WLG 0,35 80 mm

YTONG 240 mm


Cavity walls

Masonry outer leaf 115 mm

little gap 10 mm

insulationWLG 0,35 140 mm

YTONG 175 mm


PPW2-0,40; l= 0,10 W/(mK)


PPW4-0,50; lR = 0,12 W/(mK)

U-value= 0,21 W/(m²K) U-value = 0,17 W/(m²K)





YTONG 365 mm


PPW2-0,35; l= 0,07 W/(mK)


Monolithic walls


YTONG 500 mm


Low energy AAC-Walls for the furture



Keep in mind...the advantages of AAC ...

... The thermal conductivity is the same in all

directions.

And the other materials ?

l = 0,08

bis 0,16 W/(mK)

l = 0,08

bis 0,16 W/(mK)

l = 0,08

bis 0,16 W/(mK)

l = 0,45 ??

l = 0,08 –0,18 ?? l = 0,10

bis 0,18 W/(mK)



Comparison of the airtightness of buildings

Measured values

Pressure difference inside/outside Δp = 50 Pa

House 1 Insulated brick masonry; rafter roof

with sheet

House 2 Limestone masonry and insulation;

rafter roof with sheet

House 3 Expanded clay masonry and

insulation; rafter roof with sheet

House 4 Insulated brick masonry;


House 5 insulated brick masonry;


House 6 Wooden masonry and insulation;


House 7 AAC masonry;


House 8 AAC masonry

AAC solid roof

House 9 AAC masonry;

AAC solid roof

A

ir c

han

ge

ra

te β

in

h-1

* in the context of a model project of built low-energy houses Source: Bundesverband Porenbeton



Heat insulation in summer is getting a hot topic

Is heat insulation in summer a key issue in your sales talks?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

CZ NL RS SK DE AT HU PL HR BE BG ES IT FR CN RO

Evalu

ati

on

in

%

2008 2010 2012



give a comfortable, constant room climate

... and give it back to the room when it gets cold in the night store the heat at daytime - the room stays cool

Massive walls and ceilings

aviod overheating in summer

Benefits of good thermal inertia...

... combined with long cooling time:

save heating and cooling costs



„M1“- the plus energy house

generate more energy than consume

!Energy plus with YTONG energy +



The recasted EPBD requires… Definition und Bewertungsmethode

a) All new build „nearly zero energy buildings“ as of 2020 (public

sector: 2018). Remaining energy need mainly coverd by RES

b) Minimum energy performance requirements for all existing

buildings that undergo an energy relevant renovation

c) Level of minimum energy performance requirements for new

buildings (until 2020) and renovations: Benchmarking to

achieve cost-optimal levels

d) Requirement for Member States to lay down min. energy

performance levels for technical building systems when

installed, replaced or upgraded



Plus-Energy Housing Standard

Definition and Calculation Method

Definition

In its publication on the allocation of grants for model “plus-energy” housing projects, the Federal

Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development defines the plus-energy house standard

as achieving negative annual primary energy use ( Qp < 0 kWh/(m²a)) combined with negative

annual final energy use ( Qe< 0 kWh/(m²a)).

All additional conditions of the Germany Energy Conservation Regulation 2009 (EnEV),

such as the provision of thermal comfort in the summer, must also be complied with.

Calculation Method

Primary and final energy use is verified on the basis of the German Energy Conservation Ordinance

2009 (EnEV) in accordance with DIN V 18599. In addition to the EnEV verification procedure,

final and primary energy use values for household lighting, appliances and processes must be

included in the calculation.

This is based on a standard value of 20 kWh/m²a per dwelling (with cooking accounting for

3 kWh/m²a) up to maximum of 2,500 kWh/a per dwelling.



Additional Requirements

To qualify for subsidy, the house must be equipped throughout with appliances

in the highest energy efficiency class (A++ or better in accordance with the Energy

Consumption Labelling Regulation of 30 October 1997 [BGBl. I S.2616], last amended

by Article 1 of the Ordinance of 19 February 2004 [s.BGBl. I S. 311] EnVKV-)

and smart metering systems.

Further Information

In addition to the single values for annual primary energy use and annual final

energy use, the ratio of energy consumed to renewable energy generated must

be included in the energy balance. This is calculated on a monthly basis in

accordance with the EnEV.

Plus-Energy Housing Standard



Location of the building



Section AA



Elevations


The chosen construction

Wall U= 0,15

W/(m²K)

Ytong

energy

plus

t= 40 cm

window U= 0,80

W/(m²K)

Three

layer

Solar

transmission

55 %

roof U= 0,16

W/(m²K)

26 cm

mineral

wool

Insulation

between

rafters

slab U= 0,16

W/(m²K)

22 cm

EPS

insulation

Bottom and

above the

slab

Interior

wall

CSU

t 11,5/17,5 cm



Detailed calculation of thermal bridges



Basis configuration of HVAC devices


PLUS +++++++++++

Carport system with photovoltaic for charging the

electric vehicle

Special thin-film modules for walls

Battery system for 40 kWh (20 kWh available)



Heating demand of the M1-house



demand of domestic hot water



Yields of photovoltaic



Yields of renewable energy (air and solarthermic)



The “below zero” balance



guidelines for monitoring

Simplified model of building energy flows based on the structure of EPBD

Au

xili

ary

e

ne

rgy

Au

xili

ary

e

ne

rgy

Au

xili

ary

en

erg

y

final energy

fuels

heat

cooling

electricity

solar radiation

ge

ne

ration heat

cooling

electricity

losses

sto

rag

e

heat

cooling

electricity

losses

dis

trib

utio

n

heat

cooling

electricity

losses

Au

xili

ary

en

erg

y

em

issio

n heat

cooling

light

power

information

losses

Energy demand

declining availability of measured data

declining accuracy of demand calculation



Overview of the hydraulic circuit – monitoring points



Monitoring system – yield of photovoltaic



Photovoltaic system - overview

Inverter

Battery switch

Control box for the battery system

Electric meter- PV

House connection box

fuse

fuse

Two ways electric meter

Batteries



Cost overview

torsten schoch - međunarodni simpozij "savremeni pristup energetskoj efikasnosti u...

Business

buildings energy requirement

energy conservation

building sector

new buildings

energy policy

thecategory of building

research building physics

better buildings