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TOPICS OF THE DAY - Basic Microscopic Anatomy - Integumentary system

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Page 1: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

TOPICS OF THE DAY

- Basic Microscopic Anatomy

- Integumentary system

Page 2: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization
Page 3: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Berdasarkan ukuran dari bagian yang dipelajari, anatomi dibagi menjadi : • Anatomi makroskopik

• Anatomi mikroskopik ( Histologi)

• (nano) [electron microscope]

Page 4: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Levels of Structural Organization (Organisasi struktural)

• Atom

• Sel

• Jaringan

• Organ

• System Organ

• Organisme

Page 5: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization
Page 6: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

UMUM

• Sel unit struktural dan fungsional dr kehidupan

• KOMPONEN (Eukaryotik) : 1. Membran sel

2. Sitoplasma

3. Nucleus

• FUNGSI UTAMA : - pemeliharaan

- pertumbuhan dan perkembangan

- reproduksi

1. Diferensiasi Sel

2. Komunikasi intercelluler : - langsung

- tidak langsung

3. Adhesi sel

Page 7: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization
Page 8: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

4 Jaringan dasar :

- Epithel menutupi

- Jaringan ikat “mengikat”, menghubungan, mengisi

- Otot menggerakkan - Otot polos

- Otot skeletal

- Otot jantung

- Saraf meneruskan impuls (“pesan”)

Gambaran &

fungsi khusus

Page 9: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

- Epithel saling melekat erat

- Jaringan ikat sel dan serabut/matriks

- Otot dapat berkontraksi, mengandung filamen penggerak

- Otot polos

- Otot skeletal

- Otot jantung

- Saraf meneruskan impuls (“pesan”)

Gambaran & fungsi khusus

Page 10: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Epithel

Jaringan ikat

Otot

Syaraf

Page 11: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

• Selapis:

• Berlapis:

Klasifikasi EPITHEL

Page 12: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.

Epithelia Selapis

Type Cell shape Example

Pipih Pipih Endothelium (di

pembuluh darah),

Kuboid Kubus Kelenjar

Kolumnar Memanjang Saluran system

pencernaan

Pseudo-stratified Flat cells give rise

to columns

Saluran system

respirasi

Page 13: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Human Anatomy, Larry

M. Frolich, Ph.D.

Epithel Berlapis

• Squamous

– E.g. epidermis

• Transitional

epithelium

– E.g. urinary structures-

-bladder

– Stretches from 6 cells

to 3 cells thick as

bladder fills and

expands

Page 14: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Kelenjar – Modifikasi dr epithel

Cavity

Ep

1

2

3

A portion of an epithelium grows into the

underlying supporting connective tissue.

The downgrowth develops into a secretory

portion and a duct. This is an exocrine gland.

If the duct disappears, an extensive capillary

network collects the secretions in an ‘endocrine’

Gland (4).

4

Klj. exocrine

Klj. endokrin

Page 15: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Epithel

Jaringan ikat

Otot

Syaraf

Page 16: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Jaringan Ikat

Embryonal

Jaringan Ikat

Mesenchym

Jaringan Ikat

Mucous

(gelatinosa)

Page 17: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization
Page 18: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Epithel

Jaringan ikat

Otot

Syaraf

Page 19: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Otot bergaris

Otot Polos

Otot JANTUNG

Page 20: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Epithel

Jaringan ikat

Otot

Syaraf √

Page 21: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization
Page 22: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization
Page 23: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization
Page 24: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Contoh :

System GIT

terdiri dari organ2 :

Esophagus

Gaster

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Caecum

System CVS

terdiri dari organ2 :

Jantung

Arteri

Vena

Kapiler

Page 26: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Contoh :

Pembuluh darah (Arteri dan

vena)

Dilapisi jaringan epithel

selapis pipih di bagian dalam

Di lapisan tengah dilapisi

jaringan otot polos

Di sisi luar terdapat jaringan

ikat longgar

Dipersarafi oleh jaringan

saraf

Page 27: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization
Page 28: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Any question ???

Page 29: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

INTEGUMENTARY

System

dr. Indriati Dwi Rahayu

Laboratorium Anatomi Histologi

FK UNIBRAW

Page 30: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

PENDAHULUAN

STRUKTUR

FISIOLOGI FUNGSI UMUM

DALAM KEHAMILAN

EPIDERMIS

DERMIS

HIPODERMIS

STRUKTUR2 ASESORIS

TIPE

GAMBARAN UMUM

TERMINOLOGY

Page 31: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

• 7 - 8 % total body mass

• Organ terbesar dalam sistem tubuh manusia

• Ketebalan: 1,5 -4,4 mm

• Elastis

• Menutupi seluruh permukaan tubuh

• Bervariasi

PENDAHULUAN

Page 32: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

STRUKTUR EPIDERMIS

DERMIS

HIPODERMIS

STRUKTUR2

ASESORIS

TIPE

GAMBARAN UMUM

Page 33: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

GAMBARAN UMUM

Page 34: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

EPIDERMIS

• tdd : epithel squamous complex dg kornifikasi

• avascular

• Innervasi : free nerve end tanpa kapsul

• 4 - 5 lapis :

– Str. Corneum : tdd >> lapisan keratinosit mati

– Str. Lucidum ( + )

– Str. Granulosum : berperan dalam mencegah dehidrasi

– Str. Spinosum : beberapa lapis keratinosit dg

kecepatan mitosis lbh rendah

– Str. Basale : supplier keratinocyte

Page 35: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

SEL :

– Keratinocyte :

Sel utama epidermis

– Melanocyte :

sintesa melanin

– Langerhans :

berperan dlm sistem

imun

– Merkel :

mechano-receptor

EPIDERMIS

Page 36: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

EPIDERMIS

Page 37: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

EPIDERMIS

EPIDERMAL

-DERMAL

JUNCTION

Str. Lucidum hanya di kulittebal

Page 38: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

DERMIS

• j.i vascular

• lapisan :

– papillary layer : dg anyaman kapiler maintenance

– reticular layer : dg anastomose arteriovenosus

• dapat membantu regulasi TD & suhu

• >> free nerve end, reseptor sensoris berkapsul,

serabut autonom untuk VSMC

• lebih tebal dr epidermis

Page 39: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

HYPODERMIS

• bukan kulit

• tdd j.i longgar dan lemak

• fascia subcutanea / panniculus

adiposus

Page 40: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

TIPE Kulit TEBAL Kulit TIPIS

Lokasi Telapak tangan & kaki Bagian tubuh lain

tebal 0,8 – 1,4 mm 0.07 – 1,12 mm

EPIDERMIS

Str. corneum 15- 40 lapis 10 – 20 lapis

Str. lucidum + p.u -

Str. granulosum Bbrp lapis 1, p.u diskontinu

Str. basale >> Merkel cell <<

dermatoglifi + -

Karakteristik

TIPE

Page 41: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

DERMIS Kulit TEBAL Kulit TIPIS

Rambut - +,

(kcl : glans penis, labia

minora, clitoris,

bibir)

Klj. Cebacea << >>

Klj. Keringat >> <<

Meissner >> <<

Serabut

elastik

<< >>

Dermal-epidermal junction

•Basement membrane, di bawah str. Basale

•Interdigitasi dermal papillae – epidermal ridges

Page 42: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

TEBAL TIPIS

Page 43: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

– hair

– nails

– exocrine glands :

sebacea (lemak),

sudorifera (keringat)

Dr dermis epidermis

STRUKTUR ASESORIUS

Page 44: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

FISIOLOGI FUNGSI UMUM

DALAM KEHAMILAN

SISTEM PIGMENTASI

Page 45: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

– PROTEKSI :

• Sbg barrier thd mikroba, toxic subs, radiasi,

benturan, tekanan

• Via sistem imun

• dr dehidrasi

– Regulasi suhu tubuh

– Sensoris

– Ekskresi

– Metabolisme vit D (pro-vitamin D berada di kulit)

Fungsi Umum

Page 46: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Sistem Keratinisasi :

• cell renewal (aktivitas mitosis) : di germinativum & spinosum

• diferensisasi (keratinisasi) : dr germinativum ke atas

• death cell : lucidum ke atas

• Durasi : 15-30 hr secara bergelombang,

• kedalaman & tahap berbeda gambaran berlapis dan bergelombang

Tahap : (tumpang tindih)

– Mitosis

– Diferensiasi

– Apoptosis

– Exfoliasi

Page 47: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Faktor :

• pigmen melanin & carotin

• ketebalan epidermis

• pembuluh darah dermis

• warna darah pd pembuluh

• genetik

Melanin

• sintesa oleh melanosit

• macam :

– eumelanin : warna : coklat gelap. Di epidermis, iris,

rambut hitam & coklat

– pheomelanin : warna kuning kemerahan

Sistem Pigmentasi

Page 48: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

• Jumlah melanosit/unit area sama pada semua jenis

warna kulit. Yang membedakan warna kulit :

– Kecepatan sintesa melanin

– Kecepatan akumulasi

– Kecepatan degradasi

• Fungsi melanin

– Perlindungan.

– Cara : absorbsi radikal bebas

Melanosit

Page 49: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Penyebab2 peningkatan sintesa melanin :

• paparan ultraviolet

• Hormon : MSH, estrogen, ACTH

• Obat2an : chloroquin, khemoterapi

• Polusi : logam berat

• Postinflamasi

Page 50: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Terutama akibat pengaruh hormon

Hormon yang terlibat : estrogen, MSH

(meningkat t.u trimester III)

pengaruh :

Melanocyte lebih besar, lebih aktif

Sirkulasi & neovaskularisasi

Klinis :

Melasma gravidarum / Chloasma

Linea nigra

Fisiologi Sistem Integumen dalam Kehamilan

Page 51: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization
Page 52: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

TERMINOLOGY

Page 53: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

Circumscribed, flat,

nonpalpable changes

in skin color

Palpable elevated

solid masses

Circumscribed superficial

elevations of the skin

formed by free fluid in a

cavity within the skin layers

Macula—Small, up to 1 cm.

Example: freckle, petechia

Papule—Up to 0.5 cm. Example:

elevated nevus

Vesicle—Up to 0.5 cm; filled with

serous fluid. Example: herpes

simplex

Patch—Larger than 1 cm.

Example:

vitiligo

Nodule—0.5 cm to 1 –2 cm;

often

deeper and firmer than a papule

Bulla—Greater than 0.5 cm; filled

with serous fluid. Example: 2nd-

degree

burn

Plaque—A flat, elevated surface

larger than 0.5 cm, often formed

by the coalescence of papules

Pustule—Filled with pus.

Examples: acne, impetigo

Urtica —A somewhat irregular,

relatively transient, superficial

area of localized skin edema.

Example: mosquito bite, hive

Tumor—Larger than 1–2 cm

Page 54: TOPICS OF THE DAY - anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.idanatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/11/Integumen-bidan-2012.pdf( Histologi) •(nano) [electron microscope] Levels of Structural Organization

TERIMA KASIH

indri.lecture.ub.ac.id

anatomi.lecture.ub.ac.id

[FB] : Anatomi FKUB