Topics in ten…

Bacteria

Bacteria

Bacteria

• Size (500nm – several um) • Genetics (HGT)• Gram type (peptidoglycan)• Metabolism • Reproduction• Pathogenesis

Viruses

Viruses

Viruses

• Size (30nm – several um) • Genetics - type• Proteins – env, • Reproduction

Epigenetics:the study of changes in gene expression or cellular

phenotype, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence

Epigenetics:the study of changes in gene expression or cellular

phenotype, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence

Prions

Prions are generally quite resistant to proteases, heat, radiation, and formalin treatments.Effective prion decontamination relies upon protein hydrolysis or reduction or destruction of protein tertiary structure.Examples include bleach, caustic soda, and strongly acidic detergents such as LpH.134 °C (274 °F) for 18 minutes in a pressurized steam autoclave may not be enough to deactivate the agent of disease

Prions

Affected animal(s) Disease

sheep, goat Scrapie[42]

cattle Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), mad cow disease[42]

mink[42] Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME)

white-tailed deer, elk, mule deer, moose[42] Chronic wasting disease (CWD)

cat[42] Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE)

nyala, oryx, greater kudu[42] Exotic ungulate encephalopathy (EUE)

ostrich[43] Spongiform encephalopathy(Has not been shown to be transmissible.)

human

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD)[42]

Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (iCJD)

Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD)

Familial Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (fCJD)

Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD)Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS)[42]

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI)[44]

Kuru[42]