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Topic: Plants

Objectives:

1. Describe the current classification of land plants

2. Outline the life cycle of moss and ferns3. Contrast gymnosperms and

angiosperms/monocots and dicots4. Discuss the function of several types of plant

tissue 

Text Reference

Chapters 22, 23, 24

Classification

Kingdom Plantae

multicellular, eukaryotic, non-motile, contain chlorophyll a + b, cell walls of cellulose, reproduce sexually

 

Phylum Bryophyta

Lack vascular tissue

Gametophyte dominant.

Live in moist areas.

Reproduction dependent on water.

Moss, liverworts

 

Phylum Tracheophyta

Contain xylem and phloem

Sporophyte dominant

Most common plants.

 

Subphylum Pteropsida

Ferns.

Reproduction dependent on water.

Subphylum Spermopsida

Seed plants.

 

(Gymnosperms – naked seeds.)

Class Coniferae – seeds in cones. Needle-like leaves.

 

Class Angiospermae

Flowering plants.

Seeds develop in ovaries.

 

Subclass – Monocotyledonae

Embryo with a single cotyledon

leaves parallel

flower parts in threes

Grasses, palm

 

Subclass – Dicotylendonae

Embryo with two cotyledons

Netted veination

Flower parts in 4 or 5

 

 

Life cycles of moss and ferns

Haploid (N)

Diploid (2N) MEIOSIS

FERTILIZATION

Maturesporophyte

(2N)

Gametophyte(N)

Gametophyte(N)

Youngsporophyte(2N)

Zygote(2N)

Sperm(N)

Sperm(N)

Egg(N)

Spores(N)

Capsule(sporangium)

Protonema(young gametophyte)(N)

Malegametophyte

Femalegametophyte

Antheridia

Archegonia

Figure 22–11  The Life Cycle of a Moss

Haploid gametophyte (N)

Diploid sporophyte (2N)

MEIOSIS

FERTILIZATION

Maturesporophyte(2N)

Gametophyte(N)

Frond

Sperm

Egg

Spores(N)

Antheridium

Archegonium

Developingsporophyte(2N)

Sporophyteembryo(2N)

Maturegametophyte(N)

Younggametophyte(N)

Sporangium(2N)

Figure 22–17  The Life Cycle of a Fern

The Spermopsida

A.   Overview.

Designed for life on land

B.   Adaptations

  Roots

absorb nutrients and water, hold plant upright,

Stems

Hold leaves up to sunlight

Transport water and nutrients

Leaves

Perform photosynthesis

Vascular tissueTransport materials

Xylem- transports water and nutrients toward the leaves.

Phloem- transports the products of photosynthesis around the plant

  Reproductionadapted for life on “dry” land

Pollen – contains sperm

Seeds- contains embryo Fig. 22-5 p. 470

 

   Gymnosperms

“Naked” seeds

Example Conifers

   Angiosperms

Flowering plantsEgg is protected in an ovary. Ripe ovary is a fruit

1.   Monocots- Fig 22-12 p. 475

2.   Dicots- Fig 22-12 p. 475

A square watermelon.

Plant Tissue                

Meristematic tissue

Produces new cells by mitosis.

Undifferentiated.

 

Meristematic tissue

1.   Apical meristem – at the tip of a growing stem or root

2.   Cambium – allows stems and roots to grow thickerVascular cambium

Cork cambium

Pericycle

   Epidermal tissue

Provides protection

Cork(bark) – keeps water out

Epidermis – lets water in

   Parenchyma

Thin walled cells

Store things

Some contain chloroplasts

Some store starch

   Sclerenchyma

Thick walled cells

Support the plant

    Vascular tissue

Internal transport

   Xylem

Made of tracheids

Long narrow cells with openings at each end Fig 23-6 p. 493

   Vessel elements

Much larger than tracheids

Transport water.

  PhloemTransports plant products

Fig. 23-7 p. 493

Sieve tube elements- allow the passage of materials

Companion cells - control activity of the sieve tube

I know what you are thinking.

You are thinking………Mr. Barnes…………….

May we please, please, please, please, please, please, please, please, please, please, please, please, please, please, please, please, please, please

Have a ………………..FunReview Activity!!!!!!!!!!

Diagram the life cycle of

• Moss

• Fern

• Flowering plant Label haploid (gametophyte) and diploid

(sporophyte) phases

Have a great day!