Topic: Classification

Aim: Describe characteristics of each of the six kingdoms.

Do Now: Describe some characteristics used to classify organisms. (You read about this in the last textbook assignment.

HW: Read text pgs. 210-220. Complete the Different Types of Protists Worksheet (due Thursday).

(Salamander Dichotomous Key due tomorrow!)

2. Which part of a microscope should be used with the low power objective, but not with the high-power objective?

a. fine adjustment

b. diaphragm

c. coarse adjustment

d. eyepiece

4. The total magnification of an image is the result of the combined magnifications of the

a.eyepiece and diaphragm

b. objective and eyepiece

c. objective and mirror

d. low-power and high-power objectives

20. A prepared slide was placed on the stage of a microscope so that the slide faced the student, as shown in the diagram below.

Which image will the student most likely see?

Two students were working together on a lab to look at one-celled organisms in pond water with a compound light microscope. The students used an eye dropper to place the sample on a clean slide. They put the slide on the stage and looked at it first under low power, focused with the coarse adjustment, centered their specimen, then moved to high power and focused with the fine adjustment. STATE THE ONE ERROR (mistake) THAT THE STUDENTS MADE.

26. The diagram below represents a specimen on a slide as seen with the low-power objective of a compound light microscope. Explain which way the slide should be moved to center the specimen in your field of view. Write your answer on the lines below.

Archeabacteria• Unicellular• Prokaryotic• Obligate anaerobes•Autotrophic

(make their own food) or Heterotrophic nutrition (cannot make their own food)

• Found in extreme environments - hot boiling water and thermal vents

- highly acidic environmentsHot Springs Hydrothermal vents

The hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA, were among the first places Archaebacteria were discovered. The biologists pictured above are immersing microscope slides in the boiling pool onto which some archaebacteria might be captured for study.

Eubacteria•Unicellular •Prokaryotic•Autotrophic or

heterotrophic nutrition

Yogurt contains lactobacteria, intestines-friendly bacterial cultures that foster a healthy colon, and even lower the risk of colon cancer. Lactobacteria, especially acidophilus, promotes the growth of healthy bacteria in the colon. The more of these intestines-friendly bacteria that are present in your colon, the lower the chance of colon diseases. Basically, the friendly bacteria in yogurt seems to deactivate harmful substances before they can become carcinogenic.

• Found everywhere - most are helpful (produce vitamins)

- some cause disease (Ex: Strep throat)Streptococci pyogenes Salmonella enteriditis

Strep throat Salmonella poisoning

Fun Fact: There are more bacteria in one person's mouth than there are people in the world.

Protists •Unicellular•Eukaryotic•Autotrophic or

heterotrophic

•Ex:

1.Protozoa: heterotrophic–Ex: Ameoba, paramecium

2. Autotrophic: algae

Fungi•Multicellular •Heterotrophic

–Absorb digested food from their environment (dead organisms)

•Examples: Mushrooms

•Mold

•Yeast (unicellular)

Plants•Multicellular•Autotrophic •Ex: Trees, grasses…

Animals•Multicellular •Heterotrophic•Examples: Humans,

jellyfish, insects, dogs, fish…

Domain Bacteria is familiar to most people when associated with human or animal disease. However, there are many bacterial species do not (and cannot) cause disease. Many species even play beneficial roles by producing antibiotics and food. The soil teems with free-living bacteria that perform many essential functions in the biosphere, e.g. nitrogen fixation.

Domain Eukaryota include protists and the cells that make up fungi, plants, animals.

Domain Archaea wasn't recognized as a major domain of life until quite recently. Scientists were studying different prokaryotes and found that there were two distinctly different groups: those that lived at high temperatures or produced methane clustered together as a group. Because of their difference in genetic makeup, scientists proposed that life be divided into 3 domains. http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/clas

sification/

Let’s summarize…

1. Name the five kingdoms.

2. Which kingdoms:1. are made up of unicellular organisms?

2. are made up of multicellular organisms?

3. are autotrophic?

4. are heterotrophic?

Review: Identify the kingdom described.

1. Multi-cellular and autotrophic

2. Unicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic

3. Multi-cellular and heterotrophic

4. Multi-cellular, absorb digested food from the environment

5. Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic

6. Multi-cellular, heterotrophic, ingest food

Review:

1. Which kingdom is made up of unicellular organisms with no nucleus?

(1.) Protists (2.) Fungi

(3.) Monera (4.) Plants

2. Bacteria are found in the kingdom

(1.) Fungi (2.) Monera

(3.) Protista (4.) Animal

3. A scientist recently discovered a pond organism that is unicellular, contains chloroplasts and other membrane-bound organelles, and possesses a flagellum. In which kingdom is this organism classified?

(1.) Monera (2.) Fungi

(3.) Protists (4.) Plant

4. Mushrooms and molds belong to the kingdom

(1.) Fungi (2.) Monera

(3.) Protista (4.) Animalia

5. An organism that is unicellular, contains a nucleus and is autotrophic is classified as a

(1.) Plant (2.) Protist

(3.) Algae (4.) Fungi

6. Multicellular organisms that absorb digested nutrients from the environment is classified as

(1.) animals (2.) fungi

(3.) protists (4.) paramecia