topic 3 – human population, carrying capacity, and resource use
DESCRIPTION
Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use. Topic 3.1- Population Dynamics. Current Human Population. There are about 7 billion people living on Earth For about 200,000 years, there were between 1-15 million people on Earth. Milestones. 1 Billion: 1804 2 Billion: 1927 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and
Resource UseTopic 3.1- Population Dynamics
![Page 2: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Current Human Population
• There are about 7 billion people living on Earth
• For about 200,000 years, there were between 1-15 million people on Earth
![Page 3: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Milestones• 1 Billion: 1804• 2 Billion: 1927• 3 Billion: 1960• 4 Billion: 1974• 5 Billion: 1987• 6 Billion: 1999• 7 Billion: 2012
![Page 4: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Demographics• If you reduce the worlds population to a village of
100 people, how many would:• Be Male• Be White• Be Christian• Live in substandard housing• Be able to read• Be malnourished• Be without access to safe water• Have internet access• Have a college education• Have HIV• Be US citizens• Control 1/3 of the wealth
![Page 5: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Predicted Growth• Some predict a
stabilization of human population, while others predict a continued increase
![Page 6: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Calculating Rates• Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
• The number of live births per 1000 people
• Equation:
![Page 7: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Calculating Rates• Crude Death Rate
(CDR)• The number of deaths
per 1000 people
• Equation:
• Natural Increase Rate (NIR)• CBR-CDR
![Page 8: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Calculating Rates• Fertility
• The average number of births per women of child-bearing age
• Equation:
![Page 9: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Calculating Rates• Doubling Time
• The amount of time it takes for a population to double
• Equation:
![Page 10: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Population Pyramids
![Page 11: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Population Pyramids
![Page 12: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Population Pyramids
![Page 13: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Population Pyramids
![Page 14: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Demographic Transition Model
![Page 15: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and
Resource UseTopic 3.2- Resources – Natural Capital
![Page 17: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Natural Capital
• Natural resources/natural assets
• Can become natural income• Goods or
services
![Page 18: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Resources• Non-renewable• Cannot be replenished
at the same rate they are used
• Renewable• Can be replenished at
the rate they are used via human processes
• Replenishable• Non-living resources
that can be replenished via natural processes
![Page 19: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Nature of a Resource
• The value of a resource changes with human technology/culture
![Page 20: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sustainability• Using resources at a
rate that allows natural regeneration
• Living within the means of nature
• Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
![Page 21: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and
Resource UseTopic 3.3 – Energy Resources
![Page 22: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Making Energy
• Electricity is delivered to homes and businesses via alternating current (AC)
• AC power is generated when electromagnets are spun using a turbine
![Page 23: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Energy Sources Worldwide
• 90% of the worlds energy comes from fossil fuels.
![Page 24: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Fossil Fuels
![Page 25: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Nuclear Power
![Page 26: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Wind Power
![Page 27: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Hydropower
![Page 28: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Solar Power
![Page 29: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Geothermal Power
![Page 30: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Biofuels
![Page 31: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Oil Palms
![Page 32: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Future Solutions• Hydrogen
• Nuclear Fusion
• Carbon Sequestration
![Page 33: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and
Resource UseTopic 3.4 – Soil Systems
![Page 34: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Soil
• Soil is eroded rock, nutrients, decaying organic matter, and water
![Page 35: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Soil Formation• Soil is produced by:• Weathering of rock• Deposition of sediments by erosion• Decomposition of organic matter in dead organisms
![Page 36: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
• Soils generally have distinct horizons:• A horizon• Humus (decaying organic matter with mineral particles)
• E horizon• Not always present, pale layer where minerals have been leached
• B horizon• Organic matter and mineral deposits
• C horizon• Weathered rock/bedrock
Soil Horizons
![Page 38: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• Soil type depends on the particle size• Sand = Biggest• Silt = Medium• Clay = Smallest
Soil Texture
![Page 39: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Soil Texture
![Page 40: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Soil TypesPotential to hold organic matter
Drainage Water holding capacity
Air Spaces
Plants and animals
Primary Productivity
Sandy Soil
Low Very Good
Low Large Few Low
Clay Soil Low Poor Very High
Small Few Very Low
Loam Soil
Medium Good Medium Medium
Many High
![Page 41: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Nutrients• Macronutrients• Nitrogen (needed for
chlorophyll)• Phosphorous (needed
for photosynthesis)• Potassium (needed
for fruiting and growth)
• Calcium• Magnesium• Sulfur
![Page 43: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• Micronutrients• Boron• Copper• Chloride• Iron• Manganese• Zinc
nutrients
![Page 45: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• Atmospheric Nitrogen has to be ‘fixed’ (usually by bacteria) for plants to use it.
Nitrogen cycle
![Page 46: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• Water erosion• Wind erosion• Acidification• Groundwater use• Pollution• Desertification• Climate change• Overgrazing• Deforestation• Roads
Soil Degradation
![Page 47: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Soil Degradation
![Page 48: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Soil Degradation
![Page 49: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
• Mechanical/physical barriers
• Organic farming• Afforestation• Contour plowing• Terracing• Crop rotation• Soil conditioners
Soil conservation
![Page 50: Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081515/568161c9550346895dd1ad6d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)