Topic 2: NationalismTopic 2A:

Nationalist Revolutions in Latin America

“It takes a revolution to make a solution.”-Bob Marley

Date______Page____

Title: Revolutionary Ideas Spread

Warm-up:What do you know about Latin

America? Write down at least five facts.

Nationalism-

Nation vs. State

Nation- State-

is a people's sense of belonging together as a nation. It also includes such feelings as loyalty to the nation, pride in its culture and history, and--in many cases--a desire for national independence.

A group of people with a shared culture, language, history, etc. who have the desire to have their own state.

A political organization consisting of one or more nations of people.

NationalismWhat is it?

Bonds that Create Nation-

States

Causes of Latin American Revolutions• Enlightenment ideas inspire the educated Creoles• American Revolution ideals• French Revolution ideals• Oppression of lower classes• Napoleon’s conquest of Spain

Peninsulares- Born in

SpainCreoles- Europeans

born in Latin America

Mestizos- Native and European Mix

Mulattos- European and African mix

Africans

Natives

Directions: Copy this social class pyramid into your notebook.

Social Class Percentage of

Population

Number of People

Peninsulares 0.1% 15,000Africans 6.4% 900,000Mestizos 7.3% 1,030,000Mulattos 7.6% 1,070,000Creoles 22.8% 3,070,000Indians/Natives

55.8% 7,860,000

Directions: Using the information in the chart below, create a pie graph that represents the percentage of population for each of the social classes. Color each wedge a different color and make a key. Once you have completed that, color the social class pyramid based on the key you created for your pie graph.

Countries in Central AmericaBelize - a country in Central America at the southeast border of Mexico and northeast of Guatemala.Costa Rica - a country just north of Panama.El Salvador - a country in Central America that is south of Guatemala and Honduras.Guatemala - a country in Central America south of Mexico and west of Belize.Honduras - a country northeast of Nicaragua.Nicaragua - a country just north of Costa Rica.Panama - a country at the southernmost tip of Central America.

Other FeaturesAtlantic Ocean - the ocean east of Central America.Colombia - a country in northwestern South America; it is southeast of Panama.Lake Nicaragua - a large lake in Nicaragua.Mexico - a country southwest of the USA and north of Guatemala and Belize.Pacific Ocean - the ocean west of Central America.Panama Canal - a man-made canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Label each country, then paste the map into your notebook.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/label/

•Social Injustice: colonial class structure- Creoles owned most land and wealth. Oligarchy- ruling elite. Mestizos, mulattoes, Indians, Africans have few rights.

•Caudillos- local military strongmen- had own armies and gained control of governments- repressive, ignored existing constitutions.

•Power of the Church: Catholic Church was a stabilizing influence, promoted education, in colonial times owned a lot of land.

•Cash Crop Economies: colonies sent sugar, cotton, coffee to Europe – dependency on 1 crop=unstable economy.

•Economic Imperialism: foreign investment helped develop mining and farming- developed ports and railroads, but only upper class and foreign investors profited; borrowed money at high rates from other nations and could not pay it back

•Geographic Barriers: Andes Mountains, vast areas- hinder attempts at creating a unified Latin America.

•Failure to Industrialize: lack of education and innovation

•Peonage system: made workers practical slaves

Factors Leading to Revolution:

Haiti• 1st Latin American colony to fight for

independence.• Slavery – Africans were the majority of the

population• White masters used brutal methods to

control them• In 1791, about 100,000 slaves led a revolt

against the French

•Toussaint L’Ouverture, a former slave, became their leader•In 1802, Napoleon sent troops to the island to end the rebellion•They failed & in 1804 Haiti declared itself an independent nation• Slavery ended in Haiti

Impact of Toussaint L’Ouverture

• Played a key role in what was the first successful attempt by a slave population in the Americas to throw off the yoke of Western colonialism.

• Defeated armies of 3 imperial powers: Spain, France, and Great Britain

• The success of the Haitian Revolution had enduring effects on shaking the institution of slavery throughout the New World.

• Haiti became an independent republic in the Western Hemisphere.

Revolutions in Latin America

• How were Indians & creoles oppressed under Spanish rule in Latin America?• What ideas influenced Simon Bolivar in his struggle to liberate Latin America?• How did Bolivar & his followers free Latin America from Spanish rule?