topic 1.2 muscular system - whole ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Muscular System
SEHS Topic 1.2
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
Starter-Group ActivityDecide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1Anatomy
1. There are over 1,000 muscles in your body.
2. Skeletal, or voluntary, muscles are the muscles you can control.
3. Ligaments connect muscles to bones.
4. Your heart is a muscle.
5. A muscle gets strained when it is stretched too much.
6. A sprain happens when a tendon is stretched too much.
7. Muscles that are not used can get smaller and weaker.
8. You don’t need more than 30 min. of physical activity every day.
9. If something hurts when playing sports, you should play through the pain
and it will go away.
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
Starter-Group ActivityDecide whether the following statements are true or false
Topic 1Anatomy
STARTER – Group Activity
Decide whether the following statements are true or false:
10. A balanced diet: a) Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products like milk, cheese, and yogurt. b) Includes protein from lean meats, poultry, seafood, beans, eggs, and nuts. c) Is low in solid fats, saturated fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), added sugars, and refined grains. d) All of the above
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1.2.2
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1Anatomy
Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme.
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1Anatomy
Skeletal Muscles (striated and voluntary muscles) Attach to bones and have the main function of
contracting to move the bodyStriated-appearance of light and dark stripes
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1Anatomy
Cardiac muscle only in the walls of the heart.
Similar to:skeletal muscle -striated
smooth muscle- involuntarily controlled
Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook!
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1Anatomy
Smooth muscle (Unstriated) Involuntary
muscle due to our inability to control its movements.
Found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, esophagus, bronchi and in the walls of blood vessels.
Now complete the Types of Muscles section in your workbook!
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
REVIEW POINT1.2.2 Distinguish between the different types of muscle
Topic 1Anatomy
Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme.
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
ThinkingWhat do we use our muscles for?
Talk and make a list – 2 minutes
Topic 1Anatomy
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
Topic 1Anatomy
MOVEMENT• Skeletal muscles contract exerting forces on
the tendons• Tendons pull on the bones causing joint
movement
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
Topic 1Anatomy MOVE SUBSTANCES
• Cardiac muscle pumps blood
• Smooth muscle moves food in the GI tract
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
Topic 1Anatomy STABALIZE
• Postural muscles stabilize and maintain body positions
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
Topic 1Anatomy
GENERATE HEAT• Body wants to be
cozy• When temps drop,
the body shivers to warm back up!
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
REVIEW POINTFour functions of muscles
Topic 1Anatomy
Movement Move Substances Stabilize the body Generate heat
DET PDHPE Distance Education Programme.
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1.2.1
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
ThinkingWhat characteristics do ALL muscles have?
Talk and decide
Topic 1Anatomy
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue
Topic 1Anatomy
• Excitability: ability to receive and respond to stimuli via generation of an electrical pulse
• Contractility: ability of the muscle to contract and generate force when stimulated
• Extensibility: ability of muscle to lengthen without damage
• Elasticity: ability of muscle to return to resting length
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
1.2.1 Outline the general characteristics common to muscle tissue
Topic 1Anatomy
• Atrophy: is the wasting of muscle tissue Hypertrophy: is the increase in size of
muscle tissue. Controlled by nerve stimuli – A nerve
impulse is required for movement to occur Fed by capillaries – Muscles receive
nourishment through the blood supply.
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
REVIEWCan you write a definition for the words
below without using your notes?
Topic 1Anatomy
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1.2.3Annotate the Structure of Skeletal Muscle
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1Anatomy
Fascia is a connective tissue – three main roles
- Transmit Force - Provide Support - Protect Tissue
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IBSports, exercise and health science
Anatomy
1.2.3 Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle
Topic 1Anatomy
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1.2.4 – 1.2.5
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Three Golden Rules of Skeletal Muscle Activity
Muscles only contract and relax.
Muscles only work on joints they cross.
Muscles work best in the direction of their fibers.
Tip – Muscles in front do one action – in back do the other. Origin is proximal, Insertion is distal. Larger end is often the origin
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Muscle Attachment Origin- end of
muscle attached to immovable (or less moveable) bone
Insertion- end of muscle attached to moveable bone
During contraction, insertion moves toward origin
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Interactions of Skeletal Muscles
Agonist/ Prime movers - are the muscles mostly responsible for the movement
Antagonists - oppose/reverse movement Synergists - work with prime movers to
stabilize the muscle Fixators - work with prime movers to
stabilize bone or origin. These are mostly found around the hip and shoulder joint.
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Flexion (Bending) of the Arm
• The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the movement is called the agonist.
• The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take place is called the antagonist.
Agonist(The biceps contract)
Antagonist (The triceps relaxes)
• Other muscles support the agonist in creating movement and these are called synergist (neutralizer).
• Fixator (stabilizer) muscles that allow the agonist to work, stabilizing the origin Fixators and Stabilizers
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Antagonistic Muscles
• Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by fascia known as tendons.
• They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement.
Ex.Biceps brachii and triceps brachii work in what is called Antagonistic Muscle Action. As one muscle shortens the other one lengthens.
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TRUNK
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Rectus Abdominis
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External Obliques
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Erector Spinae
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UPPER BODY
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Deltoid
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Pectoralis Major
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Biceps Brachii
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Trapezius
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Latissimus Dorsi
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Triceps
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LOWER BODY
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Illiopsoas
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Sartorius
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Quadriceps
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Tibialis Anterior
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Glutes
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Hamstrings
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Gastrocnemius
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TEST YOURSELF
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1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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