topic 02 - q experts new
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
2.0 Quality Experts
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After studying this topic, you should be able to:
1. know the founding fathers quality
management ;
2. identify the area of focus of each founding
father; and
3. be able to understand the similarities and
differences in their philosophies.
2.0 Quality Experts (Gurus & Scholars)
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
GURUS ON QUALITY
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Slide 1-4
2.1 W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993)
Statistician, professor, author, lecturer and consultant
He is perhaps best known for his work inJapan.
Significant contribution to Japan's later reputation forinnovativehigh-
quality products and its economic power.
Some of his contributions to quality :
a. 1960 - the Prime Minister of Japan (Nobusuke Kishi), acting on behalf
ofEmperor Hirohitoin 1960, awarded Dr. Deming Japans
Order of the Sacred Treasure, Second Class. The citation on the medal
recognizes Deming's contributions toJapansindustrial rebirth and its
worldwide success.
b. 1950 - assistant to theSupreme Commander of the Allied Powersc. instructor in sample survey methods in government statistics.
d. an exhibit memorializing Dr. Deming's contributions and his famous
Red Bead Experimentis on display outside the board room of the
American Society for Quality.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Hirohitohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Bead_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Bead_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Bead_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Bead_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Bead_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Bead_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Hirohitohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Hirohitohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Hirohitohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan -
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Slide 1-5
2.1 W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993)
He is also widely known for the :
a. System of Profound Knowledge
b. Deming Cycle.c. Fourteen Points
d. Seven Deadly Diseases
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Slide 1-6
2.1 W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993)
All managers need to have a System of ProfoundKnowledge consists of 4 parts :
a. Apprec iat ion o f a sys tem: understanding the overall
processes involving suppliers, producers, and customers
(or recipients) of goods and services.
b . Kn ow ledge of var iat ion:the range and causes of variation
in quality, and use of statistical sampling in measurements.
c . Theory of knowledge:the concepts explaining knowledge
and the limits of what can be known.
d . Know ledge of psyc hology:concepts of human nature.
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2.1 W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993)
Deming Cycle (PDCA):
Conduct consumer research and use it in planning
the product (Plan)
Produce the product (Do) Check the product to make sure it was produced in
accordance with the plan. (Check)
Market the product (Act)
Analyze how the product is received in themarketplace in terms of quality, cost and other
criteria (Analyze)
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8
The Deming Cycle
Plan
DoCheck
Act
Customer
Satisfaction
2.1 W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993)
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2.1 W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993)
Deming 14 points :
1. Create a Statement of Purpose.
2. Learn the New Philosophy.
3. Understand Inspection.
4. End Price Tag Decisions.
5. Improve Constantly.
6. Institute Training.
7. Teach and Institute Leadership.
8. Drive Out Fear and Innovate.
9. Optimize the Efforts of Teams and Staff.
10. Eliminate Exhortations.
11. Eliminate Quotas and MBO; Institute Improvement; and Understand
Processes.
12. Remove Barriers.
13. Encourage Education.
14. Take Action
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2.1 W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993)
The Seven Deadly Diseases :
Lack of constancy of purpose to plan products and servicesthat have
a market sufficient to keep the company in business and provide jobs.
Emphasis on short-term profits;short-term thinking that is driven by a
fear of unfriendly takeover attempts and pressure from the bankers and
shareholders to produce dividends. Personnel review systems for managers and management by
objectives without providing methods or resources to accomplish
objectives for eg. performance evaluations, merit ratings, and annual
appraisals.
Job hoppingby managers.
Using only visible data and information in decision makingwith little or
no consideration given to what is not known or cannot be known.
Excessive medical costs.
Excessive costs of liabilitydriven up by lawyers that work on contingency
fees.
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Evangelist for Q and Q Management
Statistician, professor, author, lecturer and consultant
Similar to Deming, he made an impact in Japan before his ideas
were accepted in the West.
Some of his contributions to quality :
a. Pareto Principle
b. Management Theory
c. JuransTrilogy
d. Transferring quality knowledge between east and west.
e. Consultants for several US, Western-European and Japanesecompanies.
f. Founding of Juran institute.
2.2 Joseph Juran (1904-2008)
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Juran's famous Qual i ty Tri logy , like most trilogies
these days, consists of three parts:
1.qual i ty planning- the process for preparing to
meet quality goals;
2.quali ty contro l-the process for meeting quality
goals during operations; and
3.qual i ty imp rovement-the process for breaking
through to unprecedented levels of performance.
2.2 Joseph Juran (1904-2008)Continue
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Quality is free . . .
Qualityis fr ee. Itsnot a g ift , bu t it is free. Whatco sts money are the unqualit y th ings that is all
the actions that inv olv e no t do ing jobs right the
firs t time.
2.3 Philip Crosby (19062001)
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Philosopher and pragmatic practioner of Q
Management.
international ambassador extending theinfluence of quality thinking to the furthest
parts of the globe.
a writer and communicator who plainly spokehis message of Q and reached a broad
audience because of his clear and
pragmatic writing style.
2.3 Philip Crosby (19062001)Continue
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Crosby's 4 (FOUR) Abso lu tes o f Quali ty Managementare:
1. Quality means conformance to requirements, notgoodness.
2. Quality is achieved by prevention, not inspection.3. Quality has a performance standard of Zero Defects, not
acceptable quality levels.
4. Quality is measured by non conformance, not indexes.
Crosby's Basic Elements of Improvement include :
1. determination
2. education
3. implementation.
2.3 Philip Crosby (19062001)Continue
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Americanquali ty contro lexpert and businessman.
He devised the concept of Total Q Controllater known as Total Qual it y Management
(TQM).
"Tota l qual i ty contro l is an effective system forintegrating the quality development, qualitymaintenance, and quality improvement efforts of thevarious groups in an organization so as to enableproduction and service at the most economical levelswhich allow full customer satisfaction."
2.4 Armand V. Feigenbaum (1922 )
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Contributions to Q :
1. his international promotion of the quality ethic,
2. his development of the concept oftotal quality control
3. his development of the quality cost classification.
4. He also mentioned the THREE (3) steps to quality ;
a. Quality Leadership,with a strong focus on planning.
b. Modern Quality Technology, involving the entire workforce.
c. Organizational Commitment,supported by continuoustraining and motivation.
Wrote several books and served as President of the American
Society for Quality(1961-1963). One of his latest books (2009) isabout The power o f management innovat ion : 24 keys forsu stain ing and accelerating bu sin ess grow th and pro fitabil i ty.
Quality must be actively managed and have visibility at the highestlevels of management.
2.4 Armand V. Feigenbaum (1922 )Continue
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Some of the awards and recognitions received are :
1. First recipient of ASQ'sLancaster Aw ard.
2. ASQ 1965Edwards Medalin recognition of "his
origination and implementation of basicfoundations for modern quality control".
3. National Security Industrial AssociationAward of Merit.
4. Member of the Advisory Group of the U.S. Army.
5. Chairman of a system-wide evaluation of quality
assurance activities of the Army Materiel Command.
2.4 Armand V. Feigenbaum (1922 )Continue
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A Japanese university professor and influential
quality management innovator best known in
North America for theIsh ikawaor cause and effect
diagram (also known asfishbone diagram) that is
used in the analysis ofindus tr ial pro cess.
Ishikawa defines quality as follows :
1. Qual i ty and customer are the same thing .
2. Qual it y is a broad concep t that goes beyond jus tproduc t qual i ty to also inc lude the qual i ty of people,
pr oc esses, and every oth er aspect of the organ ization .
2.5 Kaoru Ishikawa (1915 - 1989)
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His contributions to quality are :
1. User FriendlyQuali ty Contro l.
2. Fishbone Cause and Effect Diagram -
Ish ikawa diag ram.3. Implementation ofQuality Circles.
4. Emphasised theInternal cus tomer.
5. Shared Vision
2.5 Kaoru Ishikawa (1915 - 1989)Continue
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikawa_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_Circleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_customerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_customerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_customerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_customerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_Circleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_Circleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_Circleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikawa_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikawa_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikawa_diagram -
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Some of the awards and recognitions received :
1. 1972 American Society for Quality's Eugene L.
Grant Award.
2. 1977 Blue Ribbon Medal by the JapaneseGovernment for achievements in industrial
standardization.
3. 1988Walter A. Shewhart Medal.
4. 1988 Awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasures,
Second Class, by the Japanese government.
2.5 Kaoru Ishikawa (1915 - 1989)Continue
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_A._Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_A._Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_A._Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_A._Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_A._Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_A._Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_A._Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_A._Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_A._Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_for_Quality -
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Slide 1-23
At Ishikawa's 1989 death, Juran delivered this
eulogy:
There is so much to be learned by stud ying how Dr. Ishik awa
managed to accom pli sh so much du ring a sin gle lifetim e. In myobserva t ion , he d id so by app ly ing h is natura l g i f ts in an
exemplary way. He was ded icated to serv ing so ciety rather than
servin g himself. His manner was mod est, and this elici ted the
cooperat ion o f o thers . He fo l lowed h is own teach ings by
secur ing facts and sub jecti ng them to rigorou s analys is. He wascompletely sincere, and as a resu lt was tru sted completely.
2.5 Kaoru Ishikawa (1915 - 1989)Continue
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Slide 1-24
Engineer , Statistician
1950s onwards, Taguchi developed a methodology for
applying statistics to improve the quality of
manufactured goods.
Controversial with Western conventional
Statisticians but many others accepted as
knowledge.
Measured quality as the variation from the target
value of a design specification, and then
translated that variation into an economic "loss
function" that expresses the cost of variation in
monetary terms.
2.5 Genichi Taguchi (1924 )
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Slide 1-25
His Contributions to quality are :
1. TaguchiLoss Funct ion, used to measure financial loss
to society resulting from poor quality.
2. The philosophy ofoff -l ine quali ty contr ol, designing
products and processes so that they are insensitive
(robust) to parameters outside the design engineers
control.
3. Innovations in the statistical design of experiments,
notably the use of an outer array for factors that are
uncontrollable in real life, but are systematically varied
in the experiment.
2.5 Genichi Taguchi (1924 )
C ti
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Slide 1-26
Some of the awards and recognitions received :
1. Honorary member of the Japanese Society of
Q Control and of the American Society for Q.
2. Shewhart Medalof the American Society for Q
(1995).
3. Honoured as a Quality Guru by the British
Department of Trade and Industry (1990).
2.5 Genichi Taguchi (1924)Continue
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewhart_Medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewhart_Medal -
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Slide 1-28
He is a leading scholar developing the areas
of relationship marketing and customer
relationship management.
He is also one of the scholars pioneering
modern service marketing and the service
logic and one of the earliest proponents of
the term service management to describe
market-oriented management based on aservice logic in service and manufacturing
firms.
2.7 Christian Gronroos
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Slide 1-29
He authored numerous books and articles on service
quality. Some of them are :
1. Management e markting dei servizi. La gestione del cliente
nel mercato dei servizi. In `Italien. Torino: isedi, 2009.
2. Marketing gerenciamento e servicos. In Portuguese. 3rd
edition. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier Editora Ltda, 2009.3. Palvelujen johtaminen ja markkinointi (Service management
and marketing). In Finnish. 3rd edition. Espoo: WSOYpro,
2009.
4. Service management och marknadsfring (Service
management and marketing). In Swedish. 3rd edition.Malm, Sweden: Liber, 2008.
5. F w guanli yu yngxiao. Jiyu guke qunxi guanli celue
(Service management and marketing.Customer management
in service competition). In Chinese. 3rd edition. Beijing:
Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2008.
2.7 Christian GronroosContinue
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Slide 1-30
His Scholarly articles :
1. Value Co-creation in Service Logic. A Critical Analysis.
Marketing Theory, Vol. 11 (forthcoming 2011).
2. A service perspective in business relationships: The value
creation and marketing interface. Industrial Marketing
Management, Vol. 40, (forthcoming 2011).3. Service as business logic: implications for value creation and
marketing (together with Annika Ravald). Journal of Service
Management, Vol. 22, No. 2 (forthcoming2011).
4. Adopting a service logic in manufacturing. Conceptual
foundation and metrics for mutual value creation (togetherwith Pekka Helle). Journal of Service Management, Vol. 21,
No. 5, 2010, pp. 564-590.
2.7 Christian GronroosContinue
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Slide 1-31
His Scholarly articles :
5. Service Logic Revisited: Who Creates Value? And Who Co-
creates? European Business Review, Vol. 20, No. 4, 2008, pp.
298-314.
6. Service Productivity: Toward a Conceptualization of the
Transformation of Inputs into Economic Results in Services
(together with Katri Ojasalo). Journal of Business Research, Vol.
57, No. 4, 2004, pp. 414-423.
7. Taking a customer focus back into the boardroom: can
relationship marketing do it?. Journal of Marketing Theory, Vol.
3, No. 1, 2003, pp. 171-173.8. The Perceived Service Quality Concept A Mistake. Managing
Service Quality, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2001, pp. 150-152.
2.7 Christian GronroosContinue
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Slide 1-32
An Indian professor of Marketing at the
University of Miami and has published numerous
articles.
He authored several books and articles. Someselected ones are :1. Technoready Marketing: How and Why Your Customers
Adopt Technology, The Free Press (coauthor with Colby).
2. Marketing Services:Competing Through Quality, The
Free Press (co author with Berry).
3. DeliveringQuality Servic eBalancing Customer
Perceptions and Expectations, The Free Press (co author
with Zeithaml and Berry).
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2.8 A. Parasuraman
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Slide 1-33
His area of interests and specialties are :
1. defining, measuring and leveraging service quality
2. role of technology inservice delivery.
3. strategies for effectively marketing technology-based
products and services.
4. services marketing.
5. service qualitymeasurement and improvement
technologysrole in marketing to and serving customers.
Continue
2.8 A. Parasuraman
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Slide 1-34
Continue
2.9 Valarie A. Zeithaml
An American who is internationally
recognized pioneer ofservices marketing.
Her research interest areas are :
a. Customer Equity
b. Service Quality
c. Services Marketing
d. Consumer Perceptions of Price andQuality
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Slide 1-35
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2.9 Valarie A. Zeithaml
Her contributions to quality are :
1. Devoted the last 20 years to researching,
consulting and teachingservice quality, services
managementandcustomer equity.
2. Consulted with service and product companies,
including IBM, Kaiser Permanente, GE,
Caterpillar, John Hancock Financial Services,
Aetna, AT&T, Sears, Metropolitan Life Insurance,Bank of America, Chase Manhattan Bank, Allstate,
BellSouth, and Procter and Gamble.
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2.9 Leornard L. Berry
Distinguished Professor of Marketing.
He is also Professor of Humanities in Medicine
in the College of Medicine at The Texas A&M
University System Health Science Center.
During the 2001-2002 academic term he served
as a Visiting Scientist at Mayo Clinic studying
healthcare service.
Dr. Berry has been identified as the most
frequent contributor to the English-language
services marketingliterature in the world.
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2.9 Leornard L. Berry
Some of the awards and recognitions receivedare :
1. 2007, Winner of the Best Paper Award for article published in
Business Horizonsin 2007,Buildinga Strong Services
Brand:2. Lessons from Mayo Clinic, Business Horizons, May-June
2007 (with Kent D. Seltman).
3. 2003, American Marketing Association SERVSIG Best
Services Marketing Article Award for 2002, Understanding
Service Convenience,Journal of Marketing, July 2002 (withK. Seiders and D. Grewal).
4. 2002, Selected as the namesake for a new annual
community award for customer service. The award is called
the Leonard L. Berry Customer Service Excellence Award.
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2.9 Leornard L. Berry
Some of the awards and recognitions received are :
5. 1999, Appointed Distinguished Professor of Marketing, Texas
A&M University.
6. 1997, American Marketing Association SERVSIG Best
Services Marketing Article Award for 1996, The BehavioralConsequences of ServiceQuality,Journal of Marketing, April
1996 (with Valarie Zeithaml and A. Parasuraman).
7. 1996, Association of Former Students Distinguished
Achievement Award in Research, Texas A&M University.
8. 1996, American Marketing Association SERVSIG ServicesMarketingCareer Contributions Award.
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2.9 Leornard L. Berry
His contributions to quality are :
a. authored and published numerous books, articles and
proceedings in his area of interests which are :
- Healthcare Services Marketing
- Service Marketing
- Service Quality- Retailing
- Service Management
b. A member of the board of directors of several major public
companies and national not-for-profit organizations.c. Some of his great books are Management Lessons
from Mayo Clinic, Discovering the Soul of Service, On
Great Service,Marketing Servic es:Competing Through
Quality,and Delivering Quality Service.
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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