Give me five +1!giant panda

Ailuropoda melanoleuca

20

Monochromatic Coloration

-A. melanoleuca"black and white“

>to stand out>to hide

Are Giant Pandas Bears?

-a bear? A raccoon? Or something in their own?

DNA of panda’s cells skull characteristics

Brown bear Giant Panda Raccoon

Bamboo as their. . .

. . .most important food-12 hours eating (low nutrients)-carnassials-”pseudo-thumb”

. . .shelter-more than just bamboo

EffortlessSwimmers

sea otterEnhydra lutris

19

Made for Water

-sleek bodies (streamline)-long, slightly flattened tails (propel)-back feet (steer)

webbed feet-trapped air in fur (buoyancy)

two layers :1. dense undercoat2. waterproof topcoat

-close off their ears and nose underwater-back swimmer

Seafood Diet

-sea urchins, crabs, fish, octopus, mussels, and clams

-rock as tool-long, sensitive whisker for prey hunting-eat several times a day

Don’t Messwith my hand

raccoonProcyon lotor

18

Wash Up Dude!

-extreme sense of touch-mapache= Spanish word

“one who takes everything in its hands”-five toes are dextrous

can open door knobs, jars, and latches-ahrahkooonem= Powhatan word

“one who scrubs with its hands”-very sensitive underwater

examine by “rubbing”-P. lotor= “washer”

literally wash their food

Behind the Mask

-black fur around eyes“bandit’s mask”

-live near humanssnatch foodsniff in the garbagesteal pet food

>considered as pest

expectation reality

Please,Tail me your

secretbinturong

Arctictis binturong

17

It’s a Bear! It’s a Cat! It’s Neither!

-like bear’splantigrade

-like cat’sscratching their claws

-it’s a “Bearcat” more related to civets and fossa

(Viverridae)-nocturnal-eat fruits

Good Climber

-not acrobatic-padded paws and long claws

can turn 180 degrees -prehensile tail

gigantic feather duster

thick and muscular

>extra grip

Smell butterrible

SkunkMephitis mephitis

16

Smelly Family

-stink badger-15 to 30 inches-nocturnal-omnivorous depend in seasons

eat insect, larvae, earthworm, small rodents, lizards, eggs

-striped for coloration-anti-predator behavior

World-record Holder

-Smelliest Animal in the World!-chemistry behind the spray:

>very volatile

>smelled up to half a mile away!

-wild card:>potent when hydrolyze>reminder never made a skunk mad

>flammable chemicals>rabies virus

S-2-butene-1-thiol

S-2-quinolimethyl thioacetate

S-3-methyl-1-butanethiol

Tips on how to avoid being sprayed

1. The Face Off

3. The Stamp

2. Handstand

4. Presenting the Rear

The f’ear’factor

bat-eared foxOtocyon megalotis

15

Cousin of Dogs

-Family Canidae (True Dogs)-nocturnal-insectivore

termites (70%)-special claws and more teeth-digging ability-enormous ears

The Bat Ears

-O. megalotis= large + ear-umbrella-like

5 inches>maintaining body cool

full of blood vessels>as a locator

position towards the groundinside holes6x more sensitive

I wish I hada whiskerelephant seal

Mirounga leonina

14

Marine mammals

-clade Pinnipedia“fin-footed”1. Phocidae (True Seal Family)

>a.k.a. “earless seals”-sexual dimorphism in elephant seal

proboscis“clap threats”

Whiskers

-sensitive vibrissaeto find food

-works independentlycan determine the size of food

-detects vibrationcan detect hydrodynamic

underwater

Spell B-e-a-tsea lion

Zalophus californianus

13

Marine Mammals

-clade Pinnipedia2. Otaridae (Sea Lion Family)

>a.k.a. “eared seals” = pinnae-have flippers for swimming-thick layer of blubber

Acute Hearing

-sensitive hearingmost important sense underwater

-can hear sound in range of 40 kHzhumans is about 0.02 kHz

-theories about echolocationno evidence to supportdolphins and bats 100kHz

-good directional ability

-Only Animal That Can Follow the Beat!

A Sea lion or a Seal?

Sea Lion

-earflaps-elongated neck-long, hairless forefilppers-hindflippers can rotate

>quadrupedal-swim underneath using

foreflippers like wings of a bird

-long, smooth whiskers

Seal

-earholes-short neck-short, hairy foreflippers w/ long

claws-hindflippers straight out

>wiggling on belly-swim by steering with

foreflippers and powering with hindflippers

-crimped or beaded whiskers

What’smy tusk?

walrusOdobenus rosmarus

12

Marine Mammals

-clade Pinnipedia3. Odobenidae (Walrus Family)

-monospecific-lives in Arctic-combined phocid and otariid traits

>no earflaps>moves quadrupedally on land

-whiskers>mustacial vibrissae

-specialize canine teeth

The Tasks of Tusks

to drag their huge body smash on ice

protection social task

dominance

mating display

to hunt

breathing hole

“tooth-walking”

makes them vulnerable to extinction

The Big bad wolf

gray wolvesCanis lupus

11

The Wild Dog

-Canidae (True Dog Family)-skull

muzzle portion elongatedwide zygomatic archestransverse lambdoidal suture

-digitigrade-baculum present

gray wolf doberman

lambdoidal suture

copulatory tie(bulbus glandis)

digitigrade

A Carnivore Diet

-“The Three Little Pigs”-eat as much as they can

spend time hunting-the old, young, or sick-work as a team

Safety in Numbers

-packs-alpha pair

leadersorganize the hunt

-territorial boundariespack patrolscent-markinghowling

LET’S GIVEHim A ROUND

OF A NOSEpolar bear

Ursus maritimus

10

The Polar Beast

-Ursidae (Bear Family)-plantigrade-Largest land carnivore (10 feet)-top the food chain in Arctic

Cool Ways to Stay Warm!FUR

fiber optic tubes ->black skinouter coat =long guard hairsthick undercoat prevent heat loss (on land)

FAT4 inches thickinsulate from freezing air and cold watergenerate heathelp float on water

SHELTERthey dig densdo not hibernatewinter sleepdelayed implantation

Noses with Legs!

-Best Sense of Smell on Earth!average dog= 100x than humans blood hound= 300x than humanspolar bear = 7x than a blood hound

2,100x better than humans-smell a seal 20 miles (32 kilometers) away

from Malolos to Pagudpud

acrobaticsupercat

caracalCaracal caracal

09

Small, Wild Cat

-Suborder Feliformia “cat-like forms”-Felidae (True Cat Family)

-Felinae (Small-cats)-digitigrade-soft toe pads-retractile claws-short muzzle

Terrific Teasels

-long, black ear tufts

Functions:-keep lies out of the cat’s face-camouflage in tall grass-a way to communicate

Bird Hunting Tactics

-obligate carnivores-solitary-amazing jumping ability

10 feet vertical high-scratch their claws

The Huntingmachine

tigerPanthera tigris

08

Hunting Gears

-solitary-Largest Cat!-”stalk-and-ambush hunter”-inch-long claws-3-inch-long canine teeth

bite in the neck to suffocate-sandpaper-rough tongues-retractile claws

to keep sharp-stripes for camouflage

long grass or wooded forest-paws to hide leftovers

Making a Splash

-live near water source, mangrove forest, swamps

-excellent and powerful swimmerswebbed feet

-relaxing and ambush prey in ponds, rivers

Gusto mo bangMajawmbag?

jaguarPanthera onca

07

One Round K.O.!

-Indian ‘Yaguar’ “he who kills with one leap”

-not as large as tigers-not as good as leopard in climbing-not as fast as cheetah-The Strongest Bite Force of all Mammals!

2000 PSI150 PSI (150)

Single-bound Killer

-lion and tiger kill their preyby biting the throat

suffocating until death

-jaguargoes directly for the skull

crushing it, piercing the brainslong, sharp caninesopen the shells of turtles

African Lion Skull

Jaguar Skull

Cobra hitmanmongoose

Herpestes smithii

06

The Matrix

-speed-agility-accuracy-timing-strong bites

Are They Immune?

-venom= modified saliva-digested by acids in the stomach-thick coat

subcutaneous layer-acetycholine= CH3COO(CH2)2N+(CH3)3

neurotransmitterdifferent protein sequencemutated like in snakes

>thus making the venom ineffective-tolerant in small dosage of venom

but not immune to it

Tuwinghunting-gabi

leopardPanthera pardus

05

Rest In Trees

-arboreal-Strongest Climber of all Big Cats!-can climb as high as 50 feet

while holding a prey on its mouth>larger and heavier

-not always at the top of food chainlion, tiger, hyenas can kill leopard

>to keep from being noticed

The Silent Killer

-Silence and Stealth are the trademarkscatch prey off guard

-whiskersforward when walkingbackward sniffing

-thick paw pads act as silencer-nocturnal-vision

tapetum lucidumlayer of tissue in the eye behind the retinareflects back the light to photoreceptors>eyeshine

Hyena siya!spotted hyena

Crocuta crocuta

04

“Lick the Platter Clean”

-praktikal na hayop-eat every part of the animal

skin, hooves, horns, bone, and teethsome can’t digestalthough they still eat them

>regurgitate

Mortal Enemies

-lions and hyenas-killing prey only to have lions steal it-scavenger during the day

clean up everything in their pathgarbage collectors of the Serengeti

-carnivore at nightkill lion cubskill almost anything

-humans caught shooting thembecause of what they are

Wild sprintercheetah

Acinonyx jubatus

03

-Fastest Land Animal!-120 kph (75 mph)

-streamlined bodydeep chest, small head

-flexible spineunattached clavicle

-high-set eyes-“tear marks”

keep sunlight out of his eyesseeing long distances

-long tail for balance-non-retractable claws (Acinonyx)

for tractionno sheath of skin and fur

Build for Speed

Dominantpredator

lionPanthera leo

02

The Mane Attraction

-male is largertwice heavier than females

-sexual dimorphismmane in malesimpressive mane of hair around his neck

>protection against raking claws during fight

>for mating display

One for All, All for One

-Only Social in Cats!called “pride”don’t accept stranger

-primary advantagehunt in group

-contagious activitygrooming, yawning

-21 hours of sleeping unlike others

sometimes sleep on tree to avoid fliesand to get cool breeze

-roar communication-top of the food chain

but sometimes scavenge

Tentenenen!

Thehypnotizer

stoatMustela erminea

01

The Magnificent

-Mustelidae (Weasel Family)

-Smallest Carnivores!6.8 to 8.5 inches

-but hunt bigger preysrabbits, hares

-special behavior

Choreography

-immobilizes prey by mesmerising themthey dance

-”weasel war dance”rapid movementsstrokesjumpswiggle

Dance of Death

-caused by Skrjabingylus

-bites the nape while grasping forefeetcontinues mild bite

>surplus kill to avoid obesity