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12.06.2009 1 ISTA Purity Seminar 15. June 2009 Zürich Tools for seed identification by Norbert Leist and Andrea Jonitz Prof. Dr. Norbert Leist Brahmsstr.25 76669 Bad Schönborn Germany [email protected] Dr. Andrea Jonitz LTZ Augustenberg Neßlerstr.23 76227 Karlsruhe Germany [email protected] Where are the specialists for seed identification? Seed testing analysts Botanists, taxonomists, morphologists university museum Paläobotanists Feeding stuff testing specialists All there is knowledge, literature, seed collection Juglans cinerea

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Page 1: Tools for seed identification - ISTA · Tools for seed identification by ... – Morphology ... •Handbook of Pure Seed Definitions, with illustrations, Felfoldi, 1983,

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1

ISTA Purity Seminar15. June 2009 Zürich

Tools for seed identification

by

Norbert Leist and Andrea JonitzProf. Dr. Norbert LeistBrahmsstr.2576669 Bad Schö[email protected]

Dr. Andrea JonitzLTZ AugustenbergNeßlerstr.2376227 [email protected]

Where are the specialists for seed identification?

• Seed testing analysts

• Botanists, taxonomists, morphologists

– university

– museum

• Paläobotanists

• Feeding stuff  testing specialists

• All there is knowledge, literature, seed collection

Juglans cinerea

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Precondition for reliable seed identificationis expert knowledge in

– Botany in general

– Plant and seed development

– Morphology

– Construction of seed tissue

– Diagnostic characteristics of the tissues

– Plant propagation: allogam, autogam, hybrid

• Anatomy

• Physiology

• Genetics

Literature:

Seed Anatomy, Weber, E., 1997, Gebr. Borntraeger, Berlin‐Stuttgart, Germany

Seed testers basic equipment in the bookshelf

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Further readings

• Bibliography on Seed Morphology, Jensen, 1998, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Brookfield

• Flora Europaea, 5 vols, ed. Tutin, 1964 ff, Cambridge University Press

• List of Stabilized Plant Names, 2007, 5th edition, ISTA, Bassersdorf

•Handbook of Pure Seed Definitions, with illustrations, Felfoldi, 1983, ISTA Zürich, Switzerland

Where to find seed descriptions?

• Floras

– national, eg. Spain, Japan, Switzerland

– regional, eg. Europe, North America, Australia

• Monographs eg. about

– Families Primulaceae

– Genera Androsace

– Species Androsace septentrionalis

• Handbooks about special tasks

• Websites

• Internet /quality has to be ensured

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Weed seeds

• Bayer Crop Science, Verzeichnis der wichtigsten Schadpflanzen

• Ciba Geigy, Weeds Documenta

• A global compendium of weeds, R.P. Randall

• World weeds natural histories and distribution LeRoy Holm et alWorld weeds, natural histories and distribution,  LeRoy Holm et al.

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ISTA Literature

Determination of Provenance of a seed lot, a big challange until 1975

Information and pictures in:

Die Herkunftsbestimmung der Klee‐und Grassamen, A. Grisch, 

Proceedings of the International Seed Testing Association 

1941/43, Vol. 13, 147 – 416

Determination of provenance ISTA 1941

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Literature 1 

• Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen, Hanf, 1982, BASF Aktiengesellschaft Limburger Hof, Germany

• Acker- und Gartenunkräuter Partzsch et al 2006• Acker- und Gartenunkräuter, Partzsch et al., 2006, Agrimedia, Bergen

• An illustrated taxonomy manual of weed seeds, R. Delorit, 1970, Agronomy Publications River Falls, Wisconsin, col fot

• Atlas für die Mikroskopie von Nahrungsgrundstoffen,  Meszaros and Bihler, 1988, VDLUFA Verlag Darmstadt, Germany

l f d ( l l ) d b• Atlas of seeds (several volumes), A.L. Anderberg, 1994, ISBN 91‐86510‐26‐6, bw fot

Literature 2 • Das Bestimmen der Samen von Gräsern und 

Schmetterlingsblütlern, K. Dörter, 1968, VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, paint

• Dicot Weeds 1 and 2, Häfliger and Wolf, 1988, Documenta CIBA‐GEIGY Basle SwitzerlandGEIGY, Basle, Switzerland 

• Docks and Knotweeds of the British Isles, Lousley, Kent, 1981, Handbook, No. 3, Botanical Society of the British Isles, London

• Flora Iberica vol.1‐21, Castroviejo et al., 1986 ff, Real Madrid Botanico, ISBN 8400062213, per internet available, draw

• Flora of North America vol.1‐27, M. Barkworth et al., 2003, ISBN 0‐19516‐748‐1 Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the subfamily Mimosoideae (Fabaceae) vol. 1‐4, R. Gunn, 1984, United States Dept. Of Agriculture, Agri. Res. Serv. Techn. Bull. No. 1681

• Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest, Wendy Cooper, 2004, ISBN 0‐95817‐421‐0

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Example from the Flora Iberica

Rumex

Literature 3 • Gärtnerische Samenkunde, Ruge, 1966, Parey Verlag Berlin‐

Hamburg

• Grass weeds 1 and 2, Häfliger and Scholz, 1980, Documenta CIBA‐GEIGY, Basle, Switzerland

• Handbuch der Samenkunde, Brouwer, Stählin, 1975, ISBNHandbuch der Samenkunde, Brouwer, Stählin, 1975, ISBN 3769002725, keys and draw

• Handbücher der praktischen Vorgeschichtsforschung, Bd.1 Früchte und Samen, Bertsch, 1941, Enke Verlag Stuttgart

• Historical papers: Development of ISTA Purity Analysis and Det. of Other seeds 1924‐2006, Jensen, 2008, ISTA  Secretariat Bassersdorf SwitzerlandBassersdorf, Switzerland

• Identification of Crop and Weed Seeds, Musil, 1963, Handbook No. 219, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25 D.C. 

• Identifikation von Rumex Keimlingen, Grob, 1977, Seed Science and Technology, 6, 563‐578 

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Literature 4• Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa 18 vols., Conert et al., 1984 

ff, Parey Verlag Berlin‐Hamburg

• International Dictionary of Botanical Gardens

• Key to and description of the fruits of some Rumex species, Jensen 1979 Seed Science and Technology 7 525‐528Jensen, 1979, Seed Science and Technology, 7, 525‐528

• Landwirtschaftliche Samenkunde, Brouwer, 1927, Verlag Neumann‐Neudamm , bw fotos 

• Magismeret II, Szilard, 1967, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary, draw

• Mansfeld`s Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops, 6 vols., Hanelt, 2001, Springer Verlag, ISBN 3540410171

• Monocot Weeds 3, Häfliger et al., 1982, Documenta CIBA‐GEIGY, Basle, Switzerland 

ExampleFlora from Midle Europe

Seeds of nine Moehringia speciesMoehringia species

out ofGustav Hegi: Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa

Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin - Hamburg

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Literature 5• Plantas infestantes e nocivas 3 vols, Kissmann, Groth, 2000, 

BASF S.A., Estr. Samuel Aizemberg, 1.707, 09851‐550 Sao Bernardo do Campo, Brasilien

• Reconocimiento de Semillas en Malezas, Petetin et al., 19.., I tit t N i l d T l i A iInstituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria 

• Samenatlas Teil 1: Caryophyllaceae Bd.15/1, Knapp, 2006, ISBN 3700137532, bw elescans

• 0893274674

• Seeds of wild plants in Japan, Shiday Nakayama, 1996, Tohoku Univ. Press Sendau, ISBN 4925085298

• Seed identification Handbook, 2004, 2nd edition, NIAB, Cambridge, ISBN No. 0‐948851‐14‐7

• Samenatlas Teil 2: Ranunculaceae, Knapp, 2006, Österreich. Akademie der Wissenschaften, http//verlag.oeaw.ac.at

Literature 6

• Oats: Wild and cultivated, Baum, 1977, Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa 

• Queensland weed seeds, Friend, 1983, Dept. Of Primary Industries, GPO Box 46, Brisbane 4001 Australia

• Seed‐book, GEVES France, 2004, seeds, images, descriptions

• Seeds and fruits of plants of eastern Canada and Northeastern United States, Montgomery, 1977, ISBN 0802053416

• Seed Identification Manual, Martin and Barkley, 1961, Univ. of California Press No. 61‐ 7528

• Seeds of Central America and Southern Mexico Lentz andSeeds of Central America and Southern Mexico, Lentz and Dickan, 2005, New York Bot. Garden Vol. 91, ISBN 0893274674, sw fotos

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Literature 7

• Seeds of woody plants in North America, Young, 1992, Dioscorides Press Portland Oregon

• Seeds of woody plants in the United States, Schopmeyer,  1974, US Department of Agriculture, Handbook No. 450, p g ,

• The woody plants seed manual, Bonner and Karrfalt, 2008, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook 727

• Unkräuter in der Saatguterzeugung, Lampeter, 1962, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, Germany

• Weeds of Central America and Southern Mexico Lentz and• Weeds of Central America and Southern Mexico, Lentz and Dickan, 2005, New York Bot. Garden Vol. 91, ISBN 0893274674, sw fotos

• World guide to tropical drift seeds and fruits, Gunn and Dennis, 1976, ISBN 0812906160

• Zadenatlas , Beijerin, 1976, Backhuys u. Meesters, Amsterdam 

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Websites

• www.dista.unibo.it/Collezione%20Laras/index.php; Prof. Dr. Enrico Noli, Laboratorio di Ricerca e Analisi Sementi, LARAS

• www.seedimages.com; colour images, descriptions, keys; Prof. Dr. Arnold Larsen, Colorado State University

• www.oardc.ohio‐state.edu/seedid; images; Prof. Dr. Miller McDonald, Ohio State University

• www.ars‐grin.gov/cgi‐bin/npgs/html/taxassoc.pl GRIN Taxonomy and images (family guide for fruits and seeds) Dr. John Wiersema, United States Dept. Of Agriculture/ Agricultural Research Service

• Internet seed images, but check reliabilityg , y

• Virtual herbarium 

– Isstechwww.isstech.org

[email protected] (subscription)

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Digital collection: LaRAS Bologna, Italy

LTZ Augustenberg digital seed collection

Anchusa officinalis Bunias erucago

Anethum graveolens Atropa belladonna

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ISTA`s task

• Digital seed collection – Starting with the Universal List of Species,    working group Andrea Jonitz, LTZ Augustenberg, Germany

– There will be other individual projects which could be combined for the benefit of all ISTA members

Search for informationExample, you are asked to identify Blossfeldia

Blossfeldia

• Mabberley: The plant – book: it is a Cactaceae

• Hans Arne Jensen: Bibliography on Seed Morphology

entry 0736: Leuenberger B. (1974): Testa surface of Cactaceae

Preliminary results of a scanning electron microscope study. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.), XLVI:175‐180   

order of the copy from a library

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Example ‐ how to get informationCuscuta 

• Overview in Mabberly, The plant book

• 145 species, cosmopolits, (europe 17). Dodder. Parasites with short‐lived root – system and often brightly colouredshort lived root  system and often brightly coloured chlorophyll‐less thread‐like twining stems linked by haustoria to host. Formerly reduced yield of many crops, now largely controlled though some not restricted to 1 host species. 

• Details in Bibliography on Seed Morphology, H.A. Jensen

• 1221 Brehmann, O. 1914: Contributions to the anatomy of seedcoat of some Cuscuta species Mitteilungen des Kaiser –seedcoat of some Cuscuta species. Mitteilungen des Kaiser Wilhelm‐Instituts für Landwirtschaft in Bromberg, 6:96‐114

• 1223 Gaertner, E.E. 1950: Studies of seed germination, seed identification and host relationships in dodders, Cuscuta spp. (Memoir 294), pp.56; Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Ithaca, New York. ………………….13 entries !

Example ‐ how to get information

• Orobanche• Mabberley: 150 species, Europe 45, root ‐ parasitism some 

i d i l f ili h l i drestricted to particular families as hosts, rarely restricted to  one host species; seeds wind dispersal, 0.0001 mg (O. arenaria)

• Jensen:  10 entries

• 2999 Joel, D.M., 1987, Detection and identification of Orobanche seeds using fluorescence microscopy. Seed Science and Technology, 15: 119‐124

• 3001 Musselman, L.J. and Mann, W.F.Jr., 1976, A survey of surface characteristics of Scrophulariacea and Orobanchaceae using scanning electron microscopy. Phytomorphology, 26 (4): 370‐378

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Where to find seeds for a seed collection

• Botanical gardens

• Seed companies

• Collecting seeds in the field

• Grow up your own seeds

– Than you may have a herbarium on

• Seeds• PlantsPlants

Detailed information how to set up a seed collection is given by Hans Arne Jensen in: Proceedings of the ISTA Purity Workshop, Budapest, Hungary; April 1997

Worldwide collection of Bredemann and Nieser, Hamburg, 1936

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Worldwide collection at LUFA Augustenberg,1986

Local collection south germany, Baden, 1930

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System:

SEED COLLECTIONLTZ Augustenberg, Karlsruhe

864 seed samples

• Seeds verified by specialist• in clear plastic boxes• sorted by families• assembled in a containersystem• including a table of content

How to find addresses of competent botanical gardens for seed delivery

In the edition 1990 the addresses of over 1 400 botanical1.400 botanical gardens and arboreta all over the world are given, from Albania to Zimbabwe.Besides there are short informations eg. aboutdate of foundation, climatic conditions, conservation collections, special taxa in cultivation,research.

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Validation of seed collection

• Search specialist

• Ask colleagues

• Collection for comparison

• Search for special collections eg. Avena

• Compare seeds with literature

• Compare your seeds with validated collection

How to promote seed exchange

• Proposal for the ISTA Purity Committee

– Each member multiplies every year seeds

–15 members, each 5 species                              , p

= 75 new species every year

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Thank you very much for your attention !