Tools for Lifecycle Modeling and Engineering – Necessityfrom Megatrends in Industry

Tomohiko SakaoDivision of Environmental Technology and Management Department of Management and Engineering

10th MODPROD Workshop on Model‐Based Product DevelopmentLinköping University – February 2‐3, 2016

Our industry partners (examples)

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Environmental challenges

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(IPCC, 2014)

• Climate change

Environmental challenges

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(EC, 2015)

• Resource issue 

Circular Economy

Manufacturers providing services

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(Neely, 2011)

Product/Service System (PSS)FEB. 3, 2016 6

• Case from production machine provider

(Meier et al. 2010)

PSS of Rolls‐Royce with aero engines

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Cost for a customer

(Based on Smith 2013)

Selling engines plus maintenance, etc.(“Traditional” offering)

Power By The Hour®:a fixed price for engine maintenance over an extended period of time. maintenance becomes cost for Rolls‐Royce.

PSS with forklift trucks

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(Sakao et al. 2015)

• Comparison of PSS and a reference product (i.e. product sales) in total Lifecycle Cost from the buyer’s perspective:

PSS 

PSS and environmental impacts

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(Tukker 2004)

PSS is more likely to decrease environmental impacts. PSS is more likely to decrease environmental impacts. 

Need of Lifecycle modeling and engineering

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After-life treat.ServiceMaterial prod. TransportManufacturing

Traditional manufacturer’s boundary

Improved material flows needed

Improved communication / sharing of data neededImproved communication / sharing of data needed

“Over the wall problem”: a classic problem

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(Munro & Associates in Boothroyd et al. 1992)

Product development

Product development

Service development

Service development

What are needed for manufacturers to provide PSS?

12

(Ulaga et al. 2010)

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Need of coupling tools and methods

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Data from lifecycle phases

Information technology tools

ValueValue created

Engineering & management methods

Our track record on PSS designFEB. 3, 2016 14

[1] Sakao, T., Shimomura, Y., 2007, Service Engineering: A Novel Engineering Discipline for Producers to Increase Value Combining Service and Product, Journal of Cleaner Production, 15/6:590-604.

[2] Sakao, T., Shimomura, Y., Sundin, E., and Comstock, M., 2009. Modeling Design Objects in CAD System for Service/Product Engineering. Computer-Aided Design, 41 (3), 197-213.

[3] Panshef, V., Dörsam, E., Sakao, T., and Birkhofer, H., 2009. Value-Chain-Oriented Service Management by Means of a ‘Two-Channel Service Model’. International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 11 (1), 4-23.

[4] Sakao, T., Lindahl, M., 2012, A value based evaluation method for Product/Service System using design information, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 61/1.

[5] T. Sakao, H. Birkhofer, V. Panshef, E. Dörsam: An effective and efficient method to design services: empirical study for services by an investment-machine manufacturer, International Journal of Internet Manufacturing and Services, Vol. 2, No.1, 2009, pp. 95-110.

[6] Sakao, T., Lindahl, M., 2015, A method to improve integrated product service offerings based on life cycle costing, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 64/1.

[7] Sakao, T., Mizuyama, H.: Understanding of a Product/Service System Design: a Holistic Approach to Support Design for Remanufacturing, Journal of Remanufacturing, Springer, 4, 2014.

A PSS design method – SPIPS FEB. 3, 2016 15

(Sakao et al. 2009a)

0. Analysing customer activities0. Analysing customer activities

Information of products

Information of services

Importance of value

Effective and efficient PSS

6. Investigating economic efficiency6. Investigating economic efficiency

5. Generating improvement options5. Generating improvement options

4. Translation to design parameters4. Translation to design parameters

1. Customer segmentation1. Customer segmentation

2. Extracting customer value2. Extracting customer value

CustomersCompany/supplier

staffs

3. Prioritising customer value3. Prioritising customer valueSatisfaction from the 

provider and main 

competitor

Companystaffs

* SPIPS: Customer‐Oriented Solution Provider – through Integrated Product and Service Development

CAD Software for PSSFEB. 3, 2016 16

Flow Model

Provider2

Provider1

Intermediate Agent

Receiver

Scope Model

View Model

RSP

Scope Model

Function

CoP

ChP

RSP

APEntity

Scenario ModelState

RSP

Hierarchy of important state

parameters

Informationon receiver

Informationon provider

Flow Model

Provider2

Provider1

Intermediate Agent

Receiver

Scope Model

View Model

RSP

Scope Model

Function

CoP

ChP

RSP

APEntity

Scenario ModelState

RSP

Hierarchy of important state

parameters

Informationon receiver

Informationon provider

(Sakao et al. 2009b)

CAD Software for PSS

FEB. 3, 2016 17

Flow Model

Provider2

Provider1

Intermediate Agent

Receiver

Scope Model

View Model

RSP

Scope Model

Function

CoP

ChP

RSP

APEntity

Scenario ModelState

RSP

Hierarchy of important state

parameters

Informationon receiver

Informationon provider

Flow Model

Provider2

Provider1

Intermediate Agent

Receiver

Scope Model

View Model

RSP

Scope Model

Function

CoP

ChP

RSP

APEntity

Scenario ModelState

RSP

Hierarchy of important state

parameters

Informationon receiver

Informationon provider

(Sakao et al. 2009b)

CAD Software for PSS

FEB. 3, 2016 18

Flow Model

Provider2

Provider1

Intermediate Agent

Receiver

Scope Model

View Model

RSP

Scope Model

Function

CoP

ChP

RSP

APEntity

Scenario ModelState

RSP

Hierarchy of important state

parameters

Informationon receiver

Informationon provider

Flow Model

Provider2

Provider1

Intermediate Agent

Receiver

Scope Model

View Model

RSP

Scope Model

Function

CoP

ChP

RSP

APEntity

Scenario ModelState

RSP

Hierarchy of important state

parameters

Informationon receiver

Informationon provider

(Sakao et al. 2009b)

CAD Software for PSS

FEB. 3, 2016 19

Flow Model

Provider2

Provider1

Intermediate Agent

Receiver

Scope Model

View Model

RSP

Scope Model

Function

CoP

ChP

RSP

APEntity

Scenario ModelState

RSP

Hierarchy of important state

parameters

Informationon receiver

Informationon provider

Flow Model

Provider2

Provider1

Intermediate Agent

Receiver

Scope Model

View Model

RSP

Scope Model

Function

CoP

ChP

RSP

APEntity

Scenario ModelState

RSP

Hierarchy of important state

parameters

Informationon receiver

Informationon provider

(Sakao et al. 2009b)

Our track record on publication on PSSFEB. 3, 2016 20

[1] Sakao, T., Shimomura, Y., 2007, Service Engineering: A Novel Engineering Discipline for Producers to Increase Value Combining Service and Product, Journal of Cleaner Production, 15/6:590-604.

[2] Sakao, T., Shimomura, Y., Sundin, E., and Comstock, M., 2009. Modeling Design Objects in CAD System for Service/Product Engineering. Computer-Aided Design, 41 (3), 197-213.

[3] Panshef, V., Dörsam, E., Sakao, T., and Birkhofer, H., 2009. Value-Chain-Oriented Service Management by Means of a ‘Two-Channel Service Model’. International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 11 (1), 4-23.

[4] Sakao, T., Lindahl, M., 2012, A value based evaluation method for Product/Service System using design information, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 61/1.

[5] T. Sakao, H. Birkhofer, V. Panshef, E. Dörsam: An effective and efficient method to design services: empirical study for services by an investment-machine manufacturer, International Journal of Internet Manufacturing and Services, Vol. 2, No.1, 2009, pp. 95-110.

[6] Sakao, T., Lindahl, M., 2015, A method to improve integrated product service offerings based on life cycle costing, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 64/1.

[7] Sakao, T., Mizuyama, H.: Understanding of a Product/Service System Design: a Holistic Approach to Support Design for Remanufacturing, Journal of Remanufacturing, Springer, 4, 2014.

(Thomas et al. 2013)

Solution having revitalized US manufacturing in 80s

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Modified from (B. King, 1989, Better Designs in Half the Time.)

Productdefinition

Design of product

Redesign of product

Old system

New system

Change realized by methods of “quality management” in product design

Analogy to current situation

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(Sakao et al. 2013)

New system

Old system

Time

Qualityof offering

Offeringdefinition

Design of product / service

Redesign of product / service

qn

qo

totn

Support neededSupport needed

Key take aways

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1. Two mega trends are making stronger need on new way of managing data for lifecycle modeling and engineering:

– Environmental challenges

– Product and service integration (Product/Service System: PSS)

2. Current ways of data management are insufficient. 

3. Coupling methods (work procedures) and tools is needed to maximize the benefits.

Interested in collaborating?Contact me!

Tomohiko Sakao

tomohiko.sakao@liu.se