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DEVELOPING A COUPLED HYDRODYNAMIC-WATER QUALITY MODEL OF EL-BURULLUS LAKE (NILE DELTA, NORTHERN EGYPT)

Ahmed El-adawy, Abdelazim M. Negm, Oliver C. SAAVEDRA Valeriano, and Ibrahim A. El-Shinawy

Introduction Research Objectives

3)

Framework of the research

Results of validated models

Problem Description

Relative vulnerability of coastal deltas as shown by the population potentially displaced by current sea-level trends to 2050 .Source: IPCC (2007) The simulated results of

instantaneous discharges at original and proposed inlets

The simulated results of Spatial Distribution of salinity

Spatial distribution of DO on 10th of January 2011

Research proposal presentation

Impact Assessment of Anthropogenic Activities on Ecosystem Conservation of Western shore of the Red

Sea

By: Ahmed El-AdawyPhD Student

Environmental Engineering Department

Supervised By:Prof. Abdelazim NegmProf. Kazuo Nadaoka

Introduction and statement of the research problem

The Red Sea forms a semi closed and

very uneven basin connected with the

Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden

by the narrow Strait of Bab al Mandab.

The Red Sea is a major international shipping

lane linking eastern and southern Asia with the

Middle East and Europe. It is also seeing increasing

direct and indirect exposure to the aquaculture industry

, to which the Sea’s relatively warm and clear

coastal waters are well suited . (Bathymetry of the Red Sea (Barry & Houdré, 2009)

) 3

Introduction and statement of the research problem

The major threats to the marine environment of the Red Sea are related to land-based activities.

1- Urbanization and coastal development (for example, dredge and fill operations)

2-Industries including power and

desalination plants and refineries

3- Recreation and tourism, waste water

treatment facilities and power plants

4-Coastal mining ,quarrying activities

and oil bunkering. (Artifitial lagoons in Hurghada http://tinyurl.com/om54j5)

5- The offshore drilling process

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Introduction and statement of the research problem

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Physical alteration The coastline of Egypt is a site of extensive construction and habitat alteration, including dredge and fill operations of shallow areas, excavation of artificial lagoons, construction of huge marine structures, and mining and quarrying. Several urban centres have been developed along the coast at Suez, Hurghada and Sharm el Sheikh.

Sewage and solid wasteOne of the main sources of pollution on Egypt's Red Sea coast is the discharge of poorly treated or untreated sewage effluents into the marine environment. Damage to marine life is evident in Taba, Nuweiba and Sharm el Sheikh on the Gulf of Aqaba, and at several localities on the Egyptian Red Sea coasts.

IndustryThese industries and their effluents (oil, organic pollutants, heavy metals, heated brine and cooling water) are considered important problems . There are two main industries in the Suez area: a fertilizer and chemical company, and a metals and medical glass company.

Introduction and statement of the research problem

The Red Sea coasts of Egypt

have been the site of intensive

tourism developments over

the last 20 years. The coastline of Hurghada –

located on the western coast

of the Red Sea- has experienced

considerable environmental

stress from tourist and residential (Plan view of Hurghada source http://www.panoramio.com/photo/7300876)

recreational activities. Uncontrolled tourist development has already caused substantial damage to inshore reefs and imbalance in the hydrodynamic pattern of the coastal sediments. 6

Introduction and statement of the research problem

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Research Objectives

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1) Enhancing our understanding of the physical oceanography of the Red Sea with further focus on hydrodynamic pattern of the coastal sediments on the western coast.

2) Developing a detailed 3-D hydrodynamic model will act as an efficient tool and can be utilized by decision makers regarding the management of the sea. Simulating oil spill is one example of the useful applications of this expected developed model.

3) Further focus on some areas across the Egyptian coast (through nesting approach) to accurately assess the current situation of erosion/accretion problems will come up with the vulnerable areas due to increasing human activities due to increasing human activities. These activities include Landfilling, nonenvironmentally friendly sea shore recreation facilities such as hard structures; earth embankment jetties; digging lagoons ….etc.

Research Objectives

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4. An integration between remote sensing techniques and hydrodynamic-ecological modeling will be included in the study.

5. On the foundation of the calibrated models results, detailed risk assessment of desalination plants effluent; domestic and industrial wastes will be addressed.

Source:http://www.greenprophet.com/2012/05/7th-red-sea-oil-spill/

http://www.hepca.org/conservation/projects/say-no-to-oil

Research Methodology

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1) Literature review of the physical oceanography of the Red Sea and the models developed to simulate the circulation patterns, patterns of sedimentation, and heat budget analysis of the Red Sea.

2) Gathering data phase starts with the main input data for the hydrodynamic model such as bathymetry, land boundaries, tidal forces, and meteorological forces (most of the sources of these data are identified). In addition, available online data sets will be very useful especially for the profiles of salinity and temperatures.

3) Defining the most vulnerable area(s) across the western coast of the Red Sea to collect its (their) data needed for developing the nested model later on.

Research Methodology

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4) Developing the hydrodynamic model of the Sea and following the nesting approach in the most vulnerable area(s). This phase including calibrating and validating the developed model. This will be followed by some applications such as simulating oil spill and released drogues.

5) Utilizing the available historical data and work on simulating the patterns of sedimentations across the Egyptian coast of the Red Sea.

6) Working on enhancing the accuracy of the developed model through following an integrated approach of utilizing remote sensing data (spatial and temporal enhancement of the input data).

7) Conducting a risk assessment study of the current and suggested locations of tourism or industrial development based on the results of the developed models.

Research Methodology

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• Expected sources of the data:Red Sea Research Center (KAUST- Saudi Arabia)HEPCA (leading NGO in Hurghada- Egypt)Online datasets (for example: World Ocean Database)Coastal Research institute (CoRI) and EEAA - EgyptEgyptian military- Naval forcesPrevious projectsRemote sensing dataField trips specially on the vulnerable areas assessed by the research

Suggested Time Plan

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Activities/ Months 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 1) Courses 2) Literature review 3) Gathering data 4) Developing the models 5) Calibrating and validating

the model

6) Integration of remote sensing techniques

7) Risk assessment of the vulnerable areas

8) papers writing 9) Thesis writing 10) Graduation process

References[1] C. Maillard and G. Soliman, “Hydrography of the Red-Sea and exchanges with the Indian-Ocean in summer,” Oceanologica Acta, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 249–269, 1986.

[2] M. Barry and F. Houdré, “Three Dimensional Hydraulic and Water Quality Modelling of the Red Sea: Challenges and Learnings,” Proceedings of 18th …, no. July, pp. 4142–4148, 2009.

[3] UNEP Regional Seas Reports, “UNEP/PERSGA: Assessment of Land-based Sources and Activities Affecting the Marine Environment in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden,” 1997.

[4] A. Agwa, H. Leheta, A. Salem, and R. Sadiq, “Fate of drilling waste discharges and ecological risk assessment in the Egyptian Red Sea: an aquivalence-based fuzzy analysis,” Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 169–181, 2013.

[5] R. Bayoumi and A. El-Nagar, “Safe control methods of petroleum crude oil pollution in the mangrove forests of the Egyptian red sea coast,” Journal of Applied Sciences Research, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 2435–2447, 2009.

[6] O. E. Frihy, A. N. Hassan, W. R. El Sayed, M. M. Iskander, and M. Y. Sherif, “A review of methods for constructing coastal recreational facilities in Egypt (Red Sea),” Ecological Engineering, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1–12, Aug. 2006.

[7] K. M. Dewidar, “Landfill detection in Hurghada, North Red Sea, Egypt, using Thematic Mapper images,” International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 939–948, Jan. 2002.

[8] W. M. Moufaddal, “Use of satellite imagery as environmental impact assessment tool: a case study from the NW Egyptian Red Sea coastal zone.,” Environmental monitoring and assessment, vol. 107, no. 1–3, pp. 427–52, Aug. 2005.

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