Tomomi NioNASDA/EORC

Tomomi NioNASDA/EORC

Precipitation Observation from Space in the Next Generation: the Global

Precipitation Measurement (GPM)

Precipitation Observation from Space in the Next Generation: the Global

Precipitation Measurement (GPM)

16th APAN Meetings / Advanced Network Conference in Busan Aug. 27, 2003

topicstopics

Rain measurement

From TRMM to GPMTRMM’s achivementsGPM objectives

Key of GPMData distribution time delay

– High performance network

Water and Our lifeWater and Our life

Water ProblemWater shortage Flood Food shortage, epidemic diseases, etc.Global warming, Climate change

Many MeetingsThe 3rd World Water ForumEarth Observation Summit

The century of Water

Typhoon ETAU (11W)

Rainfall MeasurementRainfall Measurement

Rain affect most everyone’s life & work

Food productionFlood, drought

Rain is a key variable inWeather prediction modelsClimate modelsAir-sea interaction models, etc.

Contribution by rainfall measuring satellites ;

TRMM (Tropical Rainfall measuring Mission)

TRMM’s AchievementsTRMM’s Achievements

Demonstration of the world’s first space-borne precipitation radar technology

Scientific AchievementsAccurate observation of rain distribution in tropical and sub-tropical regionsDiurnal, annual, and long-term variations of precipitation3-dimensional rain structure (PR)Accurate rain observation over ocean and land in equal quality (PR)Improvement in weather forecasting with 4-D data assimilationSea Surface Temperature (SST) estimation under cloudsEstimation of soil moisture (PR)

Successful cooperation between US and Japan

Efficient Data Utilization

Efficient data useEfficient data use

1. Near real-rime data distributionNASA-NASDA Back bone NetworkAsia Pacific Advanced Network

2. Software distribution

ATM Dedicated line

3Mb/s

JPLJPL

GSFCGSFC

NASA EBnet

JMAJMA

Earth ObservationCenter

Earth ObservationCenter

3Mb/s

Earth ObservationResearch Center

Earth ObservationResearch Center

Back born Network Back born Network

6Mb/s

GSFCGSFC

APANAPAN

MAFFINMAFFINEORCEORC

USERUSER

USERUSER

USERUSER

APAN is enough performance for sharing TRMM data in real-time.

TRMM data

Rainfall product

APANAPAN

Toolkit (TISDIS toolkit)capable writing HDF or binary For expert, researcher

Viewer (Orbit viewer)For expert, researcher, school

Typhoon Data Base Tropical cyclones database observed by TRMMFor interest

ApplicationApplication

What’s Next?What’s Next?

From TRMM to From TRMM to GPMGPM

GPM objectiveGPM objectiveImprove ongoing efforts to predict climate

by providing near-global measurement of precipitation

Improve the accuracy of weather and precipitation forecasts

through more accurate measurement of rain rates and latent heating.

Provide more frequent and complete sampling of the Earth's precipitation.

This will provide better prediction of flood hazards and management of life-sustaining activities dependent upon fresh water

Core Satellite•Dual Frequency Radar•Multi-frequency Radiometer•H2-A Launch•TRMM-like Spacecraft•Non-Sun Synchronous Orbit•~70° Inclination•~400 - 500 km Altitude•~4 km Horizontal Resolution•250 m Vertical Resolution

Constellation Satellites

•Small Satellites with Microwave Radiometers

•Aggregate Revisit Time,

3 Hour goal•Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits

•~600 km Altitude

OBJECTIVE: Understand the Horizontal and Vertical Structure of Rainfall and Its Microphysical Element. Provide Training for Constellation Radiometers.

OBJECTIVE: Provide Enough Sampling to Reduce Uncertainty in Short-term Rainfall Accumulations. Extend Scientific and Societal Applications.

Global Precipitation Processing Center

•Capable of Producing Global Precip Data Products as Defined by GPM Partners

Precipitation Validation Sites

•Global Ground Based Rain Measurement

GPM Reference ConceptGPM Reference Concept

A Rolling Wave View for GPM

A Rolling Wave View for GPM

Observation by a fleet of satellites with microwave

radiometer

Observation by a fleet of satellites with microwave

radiometer１

２

４

８

Observation area with MWRs in 3 hours(1, 2, 4 and 8 satellites from top to bottom)

Coverages by TRMM PR and GPM DPR in a

day

3-hour Global Coverage3-hour Global CoverageThe observation area covered in 3 hours

by Single satellite

Two Constellation

Four Constellation

Eight Constellation

satellites

Issue;

•Can we use all of those data in target term; 3 hours?

To get 3hr Rain map…To get 3hr Rain map…

One of GPM Objectives is to provide more frequent and complete sampling of the Earth’s precipitation.Let’s gather and distribute Microwave Radiometer (MWR) L1B data!

Those exchanging should be • Quickly • Frequently• Easily

Key of quick distributionKey of quick distribution

It is requested to reduce time delay in order to maximize the use of MWR L1B data.

There are three elements below;

1. Data acquisition time delay2. Data processing time delay3. Data transmission time delay

Key of Data ExchangeKey of Data Exchange

Issues for quick, frequent and easy data distribution;

High performance network•Stable•Fast

Easy Access•Data handling Software

Easy equipment•Standard technology

NASDA statusNASDA status

Phase : Conceptual StudyNASDA will start the data processing system and EO information and management system (GPM/EOIS), which should be FLEXIBLE systems.

• Not decided the policies yet;– data exchange, data openness – definition of standard product

International WG for data exchange : GDaWGTo Discuss

• Content, Metadata,• Network• Exchange mechanisms, format handling (like based on

XML)• Standard information technology

Proposing to algorithm developers, program makers, and so on.

ATM Dedicated line

ISDN line

3Mb/s

JPLJPL

GSFCGSFC

NASA EBnet

JMAJMA

Earth ObservationCenter

Earth ObservationCenter

3Mb/s

Earth ObservationResearch Center

Earth ObservationResearch Center

NGNNGN NOAANOAA

1Mb/s

64kb/s

CNESCNES

KirunaKiruna

JAFICJAFIC

MOEMOE

CLSJapan

CLSJapan

64kb/s

1Mb/s

Back born Network Back born Network

6Mb/s

APAN

TDRS DRTS

GCOM-B1GPM COREEGPM Megha-Tripique NPOESS

ARTEMIS

FY3

GPM Data NetworkGPM Data Network

French Ground SystemsIndian Ground Systems

Chinese Ground Systems

ESA Ground SystemsNASA Ground Systems

NASDA Ground Systems

Users

Users

Science & Research Weather Disaster Monitoring Education Public & Business

Users

Concept of GPM Data NetworkConcept of GPM Data Network

GLOBAL WARLDWIDE NETWORKGLOBAL WARLDWIDE NETWORKApplication SW

Toolkit, SW

SummarySummary

GPM important key is Data UtilizationImportant : data exchange •High performance network <Fast> <stable>

– To collect high-frequent observation data immediately

– To distribute them for users

•Easy Utilization <Standard> <GIS>

– To standardize for handling MWRs data which have different characteristics for their data mapping and their statistics.

– To use for many kind of people