z>7 QSOs and 1.25

Why z>7 QSOs are important?

Tomo GOTO

Why z>7 QSOs are important?QSO/AGN evolution (LF/number evolution, why metallicity so high?)Formation of super massive black holes(Can a black hole of billion Msun be formed in 1 Gyr?)Direct probe of re-ionization of the Universe

Tomo GOTO

Reionization of the Universe(Jelle Ritzerveld & Rien van de Weijgaert & Vincent Icke) When and how our Universe reionized?One of the outstanding questions on observational cosmology.

Tomo GOTO

Reionization through QSOIonized bubblesGalaxy continuum is too faint. LF is indirect, depends on evolution, dust, modeletc.GRBs disappear too quickly.Neutral Hydrogen

Tomo GOTO

Current status of high-z QSO surveys

Tomo GOTO

High-z QSO surveys in the pastComplete Gunn-Peterson troughRemaining flux(White et al. 2003,AJ,126,1)Reionization depends line-of-sight

The resolution of these questions will have to wait for the discovery of additional z>6 quasars. (Richard L. White)

=6.28z=6.28z=6.42

Tomo GOTO

Japan/Subaru has been contributing:A new QSO at z=5.96 MAB,1450 = 26.9 (H0 = 50 km s 1 Mpc 1, q0 = 0.5).

Ly + Nv Ly + Oviz=5.96Goto T., 2006, MNRAS,371,769

Tomo GOTO

Japan/Subaru has been contributing:z=6.06 (Goto in prep.)

Tomo GOTO

Japan/Subaru has been contributing:

Ly at 9246 most distant QSO at z=6.6?No questions on this slide please (not published yet).

Tomo GOTO

How do we make progress?

Tomo GOTO

How do we find such QSOsWe need to go redder, wider and deeper.perfect for the HSC/WFMOS1.z=6.4 is the limit of optical surveysnear IR large survey for z>7. HSC y-band2. Deeper survey for fainter QSO-spatial dependence of reionization, -break of the LF, QSO evolution-contribution to the reionizationLimitations of the current surveys:

Tomo GOTO

z=6.4 is the limit of optical surveys Redder: HSC Y-band can find 6.8

Wider & DeeperQSO density is very small.Only 20 z=6 QSOs in 6000sq.deg We need to go wide.QSO LF is very steep. We need to go deep.

8x10-10@z=6, 2x10-10@z=7, 7x10-11@z=8HSC/WFMOS can do both!

Tomo GOTO

z=7 QSO selectiony-JAsamiQSOz6 QSO selection: i-z-yMethod:color selection(HSC)id spectroscopy(WFMOS)

Tomo GOTO

Expected results

Tomo GOTO

Estimates @ 5.84000 QSOs @z=6(imag is the limit here.)

Escaping flux correlation function. Spatial fluctuation of the reionization (note only 800 for GP-test to z

Estimates @ 6.890 QSOs @z=7 (depth, especially in Z wins here.)Complete GP-trough at any direction

Tomo GOTO

How many WFMOS fibers?Z6spectroscopy success rate 15%(Fan+ 2001Goto 2005).4000 QSOs (26000spectra) in 2000sq.deg, 13 fibers/sq.deg.Z7for 90 QSOs (600 spectra) in 2000sq.deg.only 0.3 fibers/sq.deg. Easy to be part of the WFMOS survey.

WFMOS CCDs needs to be red sensitive.

Tomo GOTO

QSO: SummaryWith 0.3(13)/deg2 WFMOS fiber for z7(6)depth: I=25.8(15min), z=24.9AB(20min), Y=23.7AB(25min) area:2000 sq.deg HSC/WFMOS can find90 QSOs Z7. 0.3/deg2 WFMOS fibers Complete GP-trough at any direction4000 QSOs z6. 13/deg2 WFMOS fibers first spatial variation of reionization, LF, density to M=22mag

Tomo GOTO

Why galaxy cluster search with the HSC/WFMOS?1.missing link in cluster galaxy evolution

2. estimating wTomo GOTO (Ifa, Univ. of Hawaii)Masamune Ooguri(Stanford)

Tomo GOTO

z>2.1 (proto) clusters are groups of star-forming galaxies (Lya emitters, LBG),very different from low-z red-sequence clusters.proto-cluster@z=4.11 red, dead cluster@z=0.1Reason: selection effect.4000A break selected vs Lya/LBG selectedEvolutionary path unknown

Tomo GOTO

missing link:What are 1

z-band was the limit for the 4000A break search (z

1.SDSS Data3.Enhance 4.DetectionSDSS Cut&Enhance Galaxy Cluster Catalog (Goto et al.2002, AJ, 123, 1801)2.Color cutsFor 34 color cuts.5.Cluster catalogRADEC

Tomo GOTO

Waldo is obvious after color-cut

Tomo GOTO

color-cut works: Newly discovered clusters with the SDSS(Goto et al.2002, AJ, 123, 1801Goto, 2005,MNRAS, 359,1415,)This cluster finder can be easily adopted to HSC z-Y.

Tomo GOTO

AKARI (the first Japanese IR satellite)is finding 0.9

Purpose 2: estimating w.By revealing cluster mass function at 1.25

Oguri

Tomo GOTO

Is cluster count still useful in WMAP era?

Independent estimate on m

Statistical error is comparable to WMAP

higher z than weak lensing

Tomo GOTO

Tight correlation:

optical richness vs cluster mass.Reyes etal. 2008

Tomo GOTO

Survey design and expected resultsDesignz=24.9AB(20min), Y=23.7AB(25min) area:2000 sq.deg expected resultsVolume=4x109 Mpc3 at 1.25

How many WFMOS fibers?105 clusters in 2000sq.deg.25 fibers/deg2. Can be part of the WFMOS survey.

Tomo GOTO

Summary

Tomo GOTO

SummaryWorking with the HSC, WFMOS can find:Clusters: 105 clusters at 1

Tomo GOTO