tom strachan • andrew read
TRANSCRIPT
Tom Strachan bull Andrew Read
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Genetics for Dummies 2018
Molecular Genetics I
Robert Kraaij PhDrkraaijerasmusmcnl
6th (2014)1st (1983) 3rd (1994) 4th (2002) 5th (2007)2nd (1989)
Molecular Biology of the Cell (MBoC)
To get you on the same pagehellip
Molecular Genetics I amp II
overview
bull The central dogma
ndash DNA - RNA - protein
bull Organization of the human genome
bull Genetic variation
bull Gene expression
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
The central dogma
DNA - RNA - protein
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
RNA
DNA
tri-phosphate
ribosemono-phosphate
base
deoxyribose
5rsquo3rsquo
DNA and RNA structure
5 different bases
purine pyrimidine purine
pyrimidine pyrimidine
DNA and RNA structure
rarr GC content is an important feature of DNA
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
5rsquo 3rsquo
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
6th (2014)1st (1983) 3rd (1994) 4th (2002) 5th (2007)2nd (1989)
Molecular Biology of the Cell (MBoC)
To get you on the same pagehellip
Molecular Genetics I amp II
overview
bull The central dogma
ndash DNA - RNA - protein
bull Organization of the human genome
bull Genetic variation
bull Gene expression
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
The central dogma
DNA - RNA - protein
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
RNA
DNA
tri-phosphate
ribosemono-phosphate
base
deoxyribose
5rsquo3rsquo
DNA and RNA structure
5 different bases
purine pyrimidine purine
pyrimidine pyrimidine
DNA and RNA structure
rarr GC content is an important feature of DNA
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
5rsquo 3rsquo
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
To get you on the same pagehellip
Molecular Genetics I amp II
overview
bull The central dogma
ndash DNA - RNA - protein
bull Organization of the human genome
bull Genetic variation
bull Gene expression
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
The central dogma
DNA - RNA - protein
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
RNA
DNA
tri-phosphate
ribosemono-phosphate
base
deoxyribose
5rsquo3rsquo
DNA and RNA structure
5 different bases
purine pyrimidine purine
pyrimidine pyrimidine
DNA and RNA structure
rarr GC content is an important feature of DNA
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
5rsquo 3rsquo
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Molecular Genetics I amp II
overview
bull The central dogma
ndash DNA - RNA - protein
bull Organization of the human genome
bull Genetic variation
bull Gene expression
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
The central dogma
DNA - RNA - protein
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
RNA
DNA
tri-phosphate
ribosemono-phosphate
base
deoxyribose
5rsquo3rsquo
DNA and RNA structure
5 different bases
purine pyrimidine purine
pyrimidine pyrimidine
DNA and RNA structure
rarr GC content is an important feature of DNA
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
5rsquo 3rsquo
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
The central dogma
DNA - RNA - protein
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
RNA
DNA
tri-phosphate
ribosemono-phosphate
base
deoxyribose
5rsquo3rsquo
DNA and RNA structure
5 different bases
purine pyrimidine purine
pyrimidine pyrimidine
DNA and RNA structure
rarr GC content is an important feature of DNA
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
5rsquo 3rsquo
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
RNA
DNA
tri-phosphate
ribosemono-phosphate
base
deoxyribose
5rsquo3rsquo
DNA and RNA structure
5 different bases
purine pyrimidine purine
pyrimidine pyrimidine
DNA and RNA structure
rarr GC content is an important feature of DNA
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
5rsquo 3rsquo
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
DNA and RNA structure
RNA
DNA
tri-phosphate
ribosemono-phosphate
base
deoxyribose
5rsquo3rsquo
DNA and RNA structure
5 different bases
purine pyrimidine purine
pyrimidine pyrimidine
DNA and RNA structure
rarr GC content is an important feature of DNA
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
5rsquo 3rsquo
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
DNA and RNA structure
5 different bases
purine pyrimidine purine
pyrimidine pyrimidine
DNA and RNA structure
rarr GC content is an important feature of DNA
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
5rsquo 3rsquo
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
DNA and RNA structure
rarr GC content is an important feature of DNA
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
5rsquo 3rsquo
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
rarr GC content is an important feature of DNA
DNA and RNA structure
DNA and RNA structure
5rsquo 3rsquo
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
DNA and RNA structure
5rsquo 3rsquo
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
1953 Double-Helix Model of DNA
James D Watson and Francis Crick
from wikipediaorg
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
DNA and RNA structure
secondary structure of RNA
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Replication
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
5rsquo 3rsquo
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Transcription
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
5rsquo 3rsquo
3rsquo 5rsquo
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Translation
tRNA
ribosome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Translation
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Translation
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Translation
codon usage bacteria and phages
codon optimization
expression of human
gene in bacteria
phage sequence is
optimized for host
bacterium
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
secondary
structures
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
tertiary
structures
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
non-permanent bonds
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
disulfide bond
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Protein structure
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Example hemoglobin and carbon monoxide
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Questions
bull DNA RNA and protein structure
bull Replication
bull Transcription
bull Translation
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Human Molecular GeneticsFourth Edition
Organization of the Human Genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Mitochondrial genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
bull inherited from the motherrsquos egg
bull thousands per cell (vary with energy need)
bull all identical (homoplasmy)
bull levels of mutant mtDNA (heteroplasmy)
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Mitochondrial inheritance
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Male counter part Y chromosomal inheritance
bull Father to son
bull SRY gene
ndash sex determining region
bull no recombination
bull haplogroups
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Nuclear Genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Organization of the genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Pseudogenes
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Oct-6 gt functional single exon gene
Adv Exp Med Biol 199946813-22
Transcriptional regulation of the POU gene Oct-6 in Schwann cells
Mandemakers W Zwart R Kraay R Grosveld G Jaegle AG Broos L Meijer D
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Normal Genes
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Normal Genes
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Repetitive DNA
as genome-wide markers
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Transposons
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome
Questions
bull Mitochondrial genome
bull Nuclear genome