mi.ttu.ee

OIL SHALE WASTE ROCK OIL SHALE WASTE ROCK AGGREGATE PROPERTIES AGGREGATE PROPERTIES

WHICH DEPENDS ON WHICH DEPENDS ON CONTENT OF OIL SHALECONTENT OF OIL SHALE

Tarmo Tohver Department of Mining, Tallinn University of Technology

mi.ttu.ee

The aim

• Resistance to fragmentation dependence on oil shale content

• Resistance to freezing and thawing dependence on oil shale content

mi.ttu.ee

The Estonian oil shale deposit

RUSSIA

ESTONIA

OIL SHALE BEDDING DEPTH, meters

UNDERGROUND OIL SHALE MINING FIELDS

CALORIFIC YIELD, SHOWS ACTIVE DEPOSIT

OIL SHALE RESEARCH FIELDS

MINED OUT AREAS

OIL SHALE OPEN CAST FIELDS

35 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m2

25

KirovskajaKirovskajaKirovskajaKirovskajaKirovskajaKirovskajaKirovskajaKirovskajaKirovskaja

IDA VIRU COUNTY

SirgalaSirgalaSirgalaSirgalaSirgalaSirgalaSirgalaSirgalaSirgalaopen castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen cast

NarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaopen castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen cast

PermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermisküla

GULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLANDGULF OF FINLAND

AhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtme

PeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsi

PuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatu

35 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m235 GJ/m2

25 GJ/m2

25 GJ/m2

25 GJ/m2

25 GJ/m2

25 GJ/m2

25 GJ/m2

25 GJ/m2

25 GJ/m2

25 GJ/m2

SeliSeliSeliSeliSeliSeliSeliSeliSeli

ViruViruViruViruViruViruViruViruViru

EstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstonia

KohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtla

OjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaa

Underground oil shale Underground oil shale Underground oil shale Underground oil shale Underground oil shale Underground oil shale Underground oil shale Underground oil shale Underground oil shale mining area, mining area, mining area, mining area, mining area, mining area, mining area, mining area, mining area,

abandoned minesabandoned minesabandoned minesabandoned minesabandoned minesabandoned minesabandoned minesabandoned minesabandoned minesAidu Aidu Aidu Aidu Aidu Aidu Aidu Aidu Aidu open castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen castopen cast

Uus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus Kiviõli

OanduOanduOanduOanduOanduOanduOanduOanduOandu

KiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõli

PuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatu

303030303030303030

808080808080808080

707070707070707070

555555555555555555

606060606060606060

454545454545454545

656565656565656565

505050505050505050

404040404040404040

404040404040404040

353535353535353535

151515151515151515

202020202020202020

252525252525252525

303030303030303030

808080808080808080

353535353535353535

202020202020202020151515151515151515

252525252525252525

101010101010101010

101010101010101010

mi.ttu.ee

The oil shale stratum

Eesti Energia Kaevandused Co

The compressive strength of limestone: • layers D/C and C/B is 73 … 84 MPa • other layers is 40 … 62 MPa

The compressive strength of oil shale is• 20 …. 40 MPa

mi.ttu.ee

Waste rock from separation plant

Calorific value 1.8 – 3.5 MJ/kg, size 5/100; 100/300

mi.ttu.ee

Waste rock aggregate

Accordance with EVS-EN 13242:2002+A1:2007 Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound materials for use in civil engineering work and road construction

mi.ttu.ee

Calorific value of the aggregate

Accordance with GOST 147-95. Solid mineral fuel. Determination of the highest combustion heat and calculation of the lowest combustion heat

mi.ttu.ee

Selective crushing

mi.ttu.ee

Resistance to fragmentation

Los Angeles Abrasion Tester

• sample with particles between 10/14 mm in size

• steel balls

• speed of 31 to 33 revolutions per minute for 500 revolutions

• The LA Coefficient is calculated from the proportion of the sample reduced to less than 1.6 mm in size

www.worldoftest.com

mi.ttu.ee

Resistance to fragmentation

EVS-EN 1097-2:1998+A1:2006. Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates – Part 2: Methods for the determination of the resistance to fragmentation.

mi.ttu.ee

Resistance to freezing and thawing

• Test portions of single sized aggregates, having been soaked in pure water at atmospheric pressure for 24 h, are subjected to 10 freeze-thaw cycles.

• cooling to –17.5 ºC under water and then thawing to 20 ºC

• The freeze-thaw resistance of aggregate, as measured by the proportion of undersize passing the ½ size sieve as sieved from the test portion and then expressed as a mean % by mass

www.capco.co.uk

mi.ttu.ee

Resistance to freezing and thawing

EVS-EN 1367-1:2007. Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates – Part 1: Determination of resistance to freezing and thawing

mi.ttu.ee

Conclusion

• The resistance to freezing and thawing of the oil shale waste rock aggregate is depending on content of oil shale

• Correlation between the resistance to fragmentation and particle size is very low

Thank You!

mi.ttu.ee

Acknowledgment

• This research was supported by Estonian Science Foundation (Grant No. 7499 and Grant No. 8123)

Thank You!