togaf is not a silver bullet for architecture

www.udashtech.com | © 2015 | uDASH Information Technologies

N. Shyamsunder

[email protected]

TOGAF is NOT a

Silver Bullet for

Architecture


Architects By Design

Minimize Gap Maximize Success

Key to Successful Projects

2

Project’s Requirements

Estimate Tasks and required capabilities to successfully complete the identified Tasks

Estimate/Assess capabilities of available resources (or hire them)

Assign resources to tasks such that capability gap is kept to a minimum



Need of Architects

3

Architects are critical for the success of IT projects

Different projects need different types of architects

All projects don’t need architects

Architects, especially “Good” ones, are not easily available

Project Managers decide the need for the number and the type of architects required to complete the project at-hand

Project Managers need simpler guidelines to make “Right” decisions



Architect Certifications

4

Arguably, TOGAF is the most popular architect certification

Why?

Supported and promoted by a number of organizations Well marketed by Open Group and has an established brand value Highly scalable model

Accreditation program for training providers Certified trainers (Train the trainer) Online objective type certification exam

Well defined Training and Certification Program Poor level of architecture awareness among managers

What is the Impact?



Impact of TOGAF

5

If a project need an Architect (sometime

otherwise also)

Manager Decides to

Get a TOGAF Certified Resource

Many managers believe that “TOGAF is the silver bullet for architecture”

Man

age

rs

If they want to be an Architect

Developer Decides to

Get TOGAF Certified

Many developers believe that TOGAF will make them a successful architect

Dev

elo

pe

rs(a

nd

oth

ers

)



Some Facts

6

People with no architecture (Solution or Enterprise or anything else) experience are TOGAF Certified (albeit unfortunate)

There are other architect certifications (perhaps very good ones).Unfortunately their popularity is not comparable to TOGAF

Only a fraction of projects/tasks in the Industry need architectsEnterprise Architecture projects will be fraction of that fraction

Architects are of multiple types(One size doesn’t feet all)

Some are very comprehensive, NOT meant for entry level architectsMany of them are product/technology specific

Tough to find a comprehensive Certification,meant for entry level solution architects



Few Important Queries

7

What are the different types of architectures?

What are the different types of projects?

What are the different types of architects?

Which projects need which architects?

Which projects need TOGAF trained/certified architects?

What are other Architect trainings/certifications?



Application vs Enterprise

8

A collection of organizations that share a common set of goals A Government agency A part of a corporation A Corporation

Large corporations may comprise of multiple enterprises

“Extended enterprises” may include partners, suppliers and customers

Typically an enterprise uses multiple applications/systems, which implement a part or the whole of a business process

What is an Enterprise?

One or more deployed units of software, used for performing a set of tasks/operations, which helps is achieving specified functionality

In the context of an enterprise, these tasks/operations implement a part/ the whole of one or more business processes

Typically an enterprise uses multiple applications/systems, which implement a part or the whole of a business process

What is an Application?

Enterprise ArchitectureSolution Architecture

Enterprise ArchitectSolution Architect



Solution Architecture vs Enterprise Architecture

Solution Architecture Enterprise Architecture

ScopeA system or an Application A Group of applications, an Enterprise, a Line of

business, a Department, or Some Part of an enterprise

Inputs Specific set of requirements Business vision, objectives

Purpose Foundation for a successful implementation Applying IT for realizing business objectives

Level of details covered

Functional requirements, Modules, Packages,Components, services, external interfaces, data elements, data sources etc.

Business processes, principles, application portfolio, technology standards, goals, locations, roles, business entities, products and services etc.

Areas of architectureFunctionality, Data, Infrastructure, Security,Integration, Application etc.

Business, Data, Application, Technology, Security, Integration etc.

Methodology RUP, ABD (Architecture Based Design from SEI) TOGAF

Frameworks JEE, .Net Zachman, TOGAF, GEAF

DeliveryMust address complete set of requirements; Solution may be delivered incrementally

Implementation always happens incrementally

Analogy Architecture of one Building Architecture of a City

Management control Command and control Collaborate and consensus

Sponsors Business owner Chief Executives

9

Enterprise Architecture is NOT a large/complex Solution Architecture



Enterprise Architecture

Business Enterprise Solution Architecture

10

Business Strategy

Business Objectives

Operational Model

Business Processes

Data Architecture

Technology Architecture

Business Systems

Solution Architecture

Enterprise Application

Operate, Manage & Enhance

Business Architecture

Application Architecture



Which Projects need Architects?

11

Bespoke Application development

Application support and maintenance

Application enhancement

Application porting/migration

Implementation of Enterprise Business Applications

System Integration

Performance Testing

Application Testing

Infrastructure administration, monitoring & management

Consulting / Advisory

Application re-development

??Enterprise Architecture

Definition

IT Architecture Definition

Architecture Roadmap Definition

Application Portfolio Rationalization, Management

Resolving Technical Issues



Types of Architects

12

Primary Types

Solution ArchitectIndustry Solution

Architect

Consulting Architect

Industry Domain Architect

Enterprise Architect

Product Architect –Horizontal Product

Product Architect –Enterprise Business Application

Architecture Area Architect

Enterprise Domain Architect

Secondary Types

Specialization of Primary Types based on Horizontal Products, Class of Products, Enterprise Business Applications,

Industry Domain, Architecture Area, Enterprise Domain etc.



Types of Architects

13

Primary Types Description Secondary Types

Solution Architect (SA)Define and document architecture of an application/system in a bespoke manner using available solution elements

SA – Development PlatformSA – JEE, SA-.Net, SA-Mainframe, SA-Unix etc.

Industry Solution Architect (ISA)

Define and document architecture of a system to realize business process(es) integrating industry domain specific products.Has expertise in industry domain products.

ISA-Industry DomainISA – Telecom Service, ISA-BSS, ISA-OSS, ISA-Petrochem, ISA-Airlines

Enterprise Architect (EA)Define and document architecture of an enterprise (set of applications)

EA – Industry DomainEA-Insurance, EA-Healthcare, EA-Banking, EA-Investment Banking etc.

Product Architect (PA) –Horizontal product

Define and document architecture using a specific class of horizontal product. Has in depth knowledge of at least one product of that class.Example class of products: RDBMS, ESB, ECM, DMS, Complex event processor, BPM etc.

PA-Class of ProductPA-ECM, PA-Portal, PA-eCommerce, PA-DMS, PA-BPM, PA-RDBMS, PA-Data-warehouse etc.

Product Architect –Enterprise Business Application

Define and document architecture using a specific class of enterprise business applications. Has in depth knowledge of at least one enterprise business application of that class.

PA-Enterprise Business ApplicationPA-ERP, PA-Accounting, PA-SCMPA-CRM, PA-Campaign Management etc.



Types of Architects

14

Primary Types Description Secondary Types

Architectural Area architect

Define and document architecture for a part of an application.Has expertise in an architectural area. Works under the supervision of solution architectArchitectural areas - Data, Integration, Infrastructure, Security

Integration ArchitectDatabase architectInfrastructure architectSecurity architectAnalytics architectData-warehouse Architect

Enterprise Domain architect

Define and document architecture of anenterprise domain.Has expertise in an enterprise domainEnterprise domains are architectural domains covering the entire enterprise; For example business, data, application, technology, security, integration etc.

EA-Enterprise DomainEA – Business ArchitectureEA – Data ArchitectEA – Infrastructure ArchitectEA – Security ArchitectEA – Integration Architect

Industry Domain Architect

Expert in an industry domainExpertise includes business processes, enterprise data models, industry domain standards, industry domain products, industry trends

IDA-Industry DomainIDA – Banking, IDA – Securities, IDA-Petrochem, IDA-Pharma, IDA-SCM, IDA-Logistics etc.


Provides technology driven solution to specific business issues/problems.Has combination of technology & industry domain expertise Ability to play an advisory role.



Which Projects Need Which Architects?

15

An Application Set of ApplicationsBusiness/ Technical Issue

Nature of Solution?

Implement Enterprise Business

Application

BespokeIntegrate

Industry Domain Products

Product Architect

Industry Solution Architect

Solution Architect

Product Expertise?

LowMedium / High

Low

Medium / High

Complexity?

Include Architecture Area Architects

Include Product Architect


Enterprise Architect & Industry Domain Architect

LowMedium / High

Complexity?

Include Enterprise Domain Architects

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3



Which Projects Need Which Architects? …

16

Scope of work covers multiple systems/applications

Need to create a transformation roadmap for the enterprise

Need to define structures, principles, components, solutions, technologies,

standards etc. for an enterprise (covering and common to multiple

systems/applications)

Need to define a plan, a strategy, a future state of an enterprise

Project requires Enterprise Architects

Scope of work covers a single system/application

Bespoke Application Development

Full life cycle RS/FS to system testing / deployment

Project requireSolution Architects

Medium/Large Complexity/Size

Multiple classes of products

Multiple external interfaces



Which Projects need TOGAF Certified Resources?

17

Scope of work covers multiple systems/applications

Need to create transformation roadmap for the enterprise

Need to define structures, principles, components, solutions, technologies,

standards etc. for an enterprise (covering and common to multiple

systems/applications)

Need to define plan, strategy, future state of enterprise

Project require Enterprise Architect

Decided to use TOGAF EA Framework & ADM

Project requires Enterprise Architects,

who are also TOGAF 9 Certified



How to respond to Customers’ requests?

18

Understand the project’s scope, the nature of requirements, the size & complexity, the nature of solution, the need for product expertise etc.

Determine the types of architects required for a given project Make an attempt to explain to the customer the required types of architects If not successful, provide “right” types of architects, who are also TOGAF certified

Due to Popularity of TOGAF

Wide support from industryMany times customers asks for

TOGAF Certified resources (for anything and nothing to do with

architecture)

How to respond to such requests?

“Something is better than Nothing …”

Absence of popular alternatives



Architecture Certifications/Trainings

19

Organization Program NameTraining /

CertificationApplicability

(Type of Architect)Applicability

(Architect Level)

Open group TOGAF 9 Both Enterprise Architect Entry level

ZachmanInternational

Zachman framework Both Enterprise ArchitectEntry level & Experienced architects

Open group Certified architect Certification Solution Architect Experienced Architects

IASA Certified IT Architect Both Solution ArchitectEntry level & Experienced Architects

MicrosoftMicrosoft Certified Architect

Both Solution Architect Experienced Architects

OracleOracle Certified Master Java EEEnterprise Architect

Both Solution Architect Entry level

SEISoftware Architecture Professional Certificate

Training Solution Architect Entry level

uDASHEnterprise Software Architect by Design

Both Solution Architect Entry level



Few Important Queries: Answers

20

What are different types of architectures?

What are different types of projects?

What are different types of architects?

Which projects need which architects?

Which projects need TOGAF trained/certified architects?

What are other Architect trainings/certifications?

Enterprise architecture, where TOGAF will be used as an EA framework and ADM

Yes, but not as popular as TOGAFSome good ones are already mentioned earlier

Project types, Architect types, Architecture types are mentioned earlier

TOGAF is not applicable for Solution Architecture & Solution Architects

Use the framework given in this presentation.

Use the framework provided in earlier slides



About uDASH

21

With you from Idea Implementation

Eliminate hiring risks; Minimize cost of hiringIncrease employee satisfaction

Build your “Architects by Design”

Business aligned Technical Ladder

Define your Capability Model; Identify & achieve

“What your architects should be able to do?”

Identify and Reward “Real Architects”

Define & Implement your Architect Certification Process

Recruit “right” architects



Enterprise Solution Architect by Design

Program Structure

22

Duration: One WeekEffort: 2 + 1 Hours

Readiness Assessment

Standard template Submit readiness

questionnaire Chat with an expert

panelistOutcome: Promising,

Potential, Not Suitable

Duration: 1 to 5 WeeksEffort: 45 Hours

In-person, interactive class room sessions

Scenario based learning Architectural exercises Product-agnostic & product-

specific topics

I@Class Sessions

Duration: Six WeeksEffort: 50 + 10 hours

I@Architect Cases

Architectural deliverable driven

Author individually (part of) architecture

Periodic review, coaching, mentoring

Comprehensive coverage of capabilities

Duration: 2/6 WeeksEffort: 15/60 + 2 Hours

Distinct requirements Author individually (part of) architecture Capability wise assessment by an expert panel Written feedback including strengths &

improvement areas

Certification


Thank You

[email protected]

Chief Architect, uDASh Information Technologies

mailto:[email protected]



Overview of TOGAF



Parts of TOGAF

25

Name What it covers?

Introduction Provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of enterprise architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. It contains the definitions of terms used throughout TOGAF and release notes detailing the changes between this version and the previous version of TOGAF.

I ADM for EA Describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) — a step-by-step approach to developing an enterprise architecture.

II ADM Guidelines and Techniques

Contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying TOGAF and the TOGAF ADM.

III Architecture Content Framework

Describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured meta model for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable architecture building blocks, and an overview of typical architecture deliverables.

IV Enterprise Continuum & Tools

Discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise.

V Reference Models Provides a selection of architectural reference models, which includes the TOGAF Foundation Architecture, and the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM).

VI Architecture Capability Framework

Discusses the organization, processes, skills, roles, and responsibilities required to establish and operate an architecture function within an enterprise.



TOGAF – ADM for EA

Data Architecture

Application Architecture

Nine Phases

Four Architectural

Domains

Each phase: Objectives,

Inputs, Steps & Outputs

Business architectureDescribes the processes the business uses to meet its goals. It links strategy formulation to strategy implementation.

Application architectureDescribes how specific applications are designed and how they interact with each other

Data architectureDescribes the enterprise's logical and physical data resources and how the data is managed.

Technical architectureDescribes the hardware and software infrastructure that supports the business processes, applications, and their interactions.



Summary of TOGAF 9

27

Best in class framework and ADM for Enterprise Architecture

TOGAF’s enterprise domains are Business, Technology, Data and Application architecture.Solution architecture also got same views, but except the name, nothing else is common

Some of TOGAF ADM (EA) outputs are inputs (enterprise context) for defining solution architecture

Most of the ADM phases are not relevant for solution architecture. Although Business, Technology, Data and Application architecture as views are relevant

for solution architecture, but except name nothing is common

TOGAF’s Architecture content framework and reference models may provide some of the solution elements; but you need to figure out which ones are “right” for your

requirements and solution architecture

TOGAF’s architecture domains, ADM phases, phase outputs & steps does not deal with required level of details for solution architecture