Today’s Standard(s)Today’s Standard(s)

SS6H7 The student will explain SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to conflict and change in Europe to

the 21st century. the 21st century.

b. b. Explain the impact of WWII in Explain the impact of WWII in terms of the Holocaustterms of the Holocaust, the , the

origins of the Cold War, and the origins of the Cold War, and the rise of Superpowers. rise of Superpowers.

Intro to our Essential Intro to our Essential Question(s)……Question(s)……

What were the causes & effects of What were the causes & effects of WWII?WWII?

What is the significance of the What is the significance of the Holocaust in terms of WWII?Holocaust in terms of WWII?

R36R36World War IIWorld War II

Hitler “Liberates” Foreign Hitler “Liberates” Foreign GermansGermans

In 1938, Hitler commenced In 1938, Hitler commenced his “Anschluss,” or his “Anschluss,” or

annexation of Austriaannexation of Austria..

He wanted to bring Austrian He wanted to bring Austrian Germans under German Germans under German

rulerule

In the same year he moved In the same year he moved troops into the troops into the Sudetenland of Sudetenland of

Czechoslovakia for the Czechoslovakia for the same reason.same reason.

By March of 1939, he had By March of 1939, he had annexed the Bohemian annexed the Bohemian

section of Czechoslovakia section of Czechoslovakia & gave the Slovakian & gave the Slovakian

section to his ally Hungary.section to his ally Hungary.

He Gets Away With It!He Gets Away With It!

The British Prime Minister The British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain meets Neville Chamberlain meets Hitler in Munich and agrees Hitler in Munich and agrees to not act if Hitler agrees to to not act if Hitler agrees to no further territorial claims.no further territorial claims.

Hitler agrees, and Chamberlain Hitler agrees, and Chamberlain proclaims that there will be proclaims that there will be

“peace for our time.”“peace for our time.”

This is referred to as the This is referred to as the

MunichMunich AgreementAgreement..

Hitler’s AlliesHitler’s Allies

Hitler admired the man who Hitler admired the man who had seized control of Italy had seized control of Italy

in 1922.in 1922.

During this time, Hitler was During this time, Hitler was the leader of the small the leader of the small Nazi Party in Germany.Nazi Party in Germany.

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini was a was a fascist who would be fascist who would be

Hitler’s most valuable ally.Hitler’s most valuable ally.

““Fascism”Fascism”

FascismFascism is a form of is a form of government in which a government in which a

dictator and the dictator’s dictator and the dictator’s party support private party support private property but strictly property but strictly

control industry and labor, control industry and labor, and ruthlessly suppress and ruthlessly suppress criticism or opposition.criticism or opposition.

““Fascism” is often associated Fascism” is often associated with a strong central with a strong central

government, nationalism, government, nationalism, and militarism.and militarism.

German “Living Space”German “Living Space”

Throughout Hitler’s rule, Throughout Hitler’s rule, he had claimed that he had claimed that the German people the German people

did not have enough did not have enough living space, orliving space, or

““LebensbraumLebensbraum.”.”

He claimed that the He claimed that the natural place to turn natural place to turn

for this “living space,” for this “living space,” was in the fertile was in the fertile

farmland of the east.farmland of the east.

Nazi-Soviet CooperationNazi-Soviet CooperationOn August 28, 1939, Joseph On August 28, 1939, Joseph

Stalin signed an Stalin signed an agreement with the Nazi agreement with the Nazi Foreign Minister Joachim Foreign Minister Joachim

von Ribbentrop.von Ribbentrop.

This agreement basically said This agreement basically said that they wouldn’t that they wouldn’t

interfere with each other, if interfere with each other, if one of them wanted to go one of them wanted to go

to war.to war.

This was called the “Molotov-This was called the “Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact”Ribbentrop Pact”

This was 4 days before the This was 4 days before the invasion of Poland.invasion of Poland.

Nazi-Soviet CooperationNazi-Soviet Cooperation

The Soviet Union and The Soviet Union and Nazi Germany agreed Nazi Germany agreed

to work together.to work together.

As the Nazis attacked As the Nazis attacked from the west, the from the west, the

Soviets attacks from Soviets attacks from the east.the east.

They would split up They would split up Poland.Poland.

Europe on the Eve of Europe on the Eve of WWIIWWII

Germany Invades PolandGermany Invades Poland

On September 1, 1939, On September 1, 1939, Hitler’s armies invade Hitler’s armies invade PolandPoland by land, sea, by land, sea,

and air.and air.

This was the introduction This was the introduction of Germany’s of Germany’s

“blitzkrieg,” or “lighting “blitzkrieg,” or “lighting war” style of attack.war” style of attack.

Hitler had broken his Hitler had broken his agreement w/ agreement w/ Chamberlain.Chamberlain.

The Allies FormThe Allies Form

Two days after the invasion of Two days after the invasion of Poland, the United Poland, the United

Kingdom sends Germany Kingdom sends Germany an ultimatum.an ultimatum.

No reply was received.No reply was received.

Later that same day, the Later that same day, the United Kingdom, France, United Kingdom, France, and assortment of other and assortment of other smaller countries declare smaller countries declare

war on Nazi Germany.war on Nazi Germany.

The Axis PowersThe Axis Powers

The “The “Axis PowersAxis Powers” is a ” is a term used to describe term used to describe Nazi Germany and it’s Nazi Germany and it’s

allies during WWII.allies during WWII.

Included:Included:Germany, Italy, Japan, Germany, Italy, Japan,

Hungary, Romania, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and a scattered Bulgaria, and a scattered

variety of people who variety of people who wanted to be free of their wanted to be free of their

colonial masters.colonial masters.

Fight for Scandinavian IronFight for Scandinavian Iron

In April of 1940, both In April of 1940, both Germany and the Allies Germany and the Allies fought over the iron ore fought over the iron ore

on the Scandinavian on the Scandinavian Peninsula.Peninsula.

Ultimately, Germany won Ultimately, Germany won and took over Norway & and took over Norway &

Denmark.Denmark.

Germany now had Germany now had unlimited access to iron. unlimited access to iron.

Blitzkrieg in the WestBlitzkrieg in the West

On May 10, 1940, Nazi On May 10, 1940, Nazi Germany invaded the Germany invaded the

Netherlands, Belgium, and Netherlands, Belgium, and France.France.

The British came to help the The British came to help the French, but were beaten French, but were beaten

back into the sea at back into the sea at Dunkirk.Dunkirk.

By June 22, 1940, Germany By June 22, 1940, Germany had conquered had conquered FranceFrance and was the master of and was the master of

western Europe.western Europe.

Battle of BritainBattle of Britain

Late in the summer of Late in the summer of 1940, Hitler turned his 1940, Hitler turned his

attention to Great attention to Great Britain.Britain.

The head of his air force, The head of his air force, Hermann Goering, Hermann Goering, promised that his promised that his

Luftwaffe could easily Luftwaffe could easily destroy Britain.destroy Britain.

Battle of BritainBattle of Britain

The Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) was able to fight (RAF) was able to fight

off the Luftwaffe & off the Luftwaffe & gain control of the gain control of the skies over Britain.skies over Britain.

Goering had failed Hitler.Goering had failed Hitler.

This was the first defeat This was the first defeat Hitler had to face.Hitler had to face.

Hitler’s Fortress EuropeHitler’s Fortress Europe

Hitler Betrays StalinHitler Betrays Stalin

On June 22, 1941 Hitler On June 22, 1941 Hitler decided to ignore the decided to ignore the terms of the Molotov-terms of the Molotov-

Ribbentrop Pact.Ribbentrop Pact.

He sent his armies to He sent his armies to invade and conquer the invade and conquer the

Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

This was calledThis was called

““Operation BarbarossaOperation Barbarossa.”.”

Operation BarbarossaOperation Barbarossa

By the end of 1941, Hitler’s By the end of 1941, Hitler’s forces had pushed very far forces had pushed very far

into Russian territory.into Russian territory.

The Soviet Army was ill-The Soviet Army was ill-equipped and unprepared equipped and unprepared for the German onslaught.for the German onslaught.

The German Army was The German Army was closing in on Moscow, the closing in on Moscow, the

capital of the Soviet Union.capital of the Soviet Union.

German Occupation of German Occupation of RussiaRussia

Hitler called the war in the east Hitler called the war in the east “a war of annihilation.”“a war of annihilation.”

The German soldiers advanced The German soldiers advanced through Russia quickly.through Russia quickly.

Special forces called Special forces called ““EinsatzgruppenEinsatzgruppen” would ” would

follow behind.follow behind.

Their job was to kill or round up Their job was to kill or round up “enemies” of Germany to be “enemies” of Germany to be sent to concentration camps.sent to concentration camps.

Pearl HarborPearl HarborOn December 7, 1941, the On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attack the United Japanese attack the United

States Navy at Pearl States Navy at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.Harbor in Hawaii.

On December 8, President On December 8, President Roosevelt declares war on Roosevelt declares war on

Japan.Japan.

Germany had an alliance w/ Germany had an alliance w/ Japan so they declared war Japan so they declared war

on the U.S.on the U.S.

The U.S. join the war on the The U.S. join the war on the side of the allies.side of the allies.

StalingradStalingradThe turning point of the war The turning point of the war

in the Europe was the in the Europe was the battle for battle for StalingradStalingrad..

This was considered the This was considered the deadliest battle of WWII.deadliest battle of WWII.

Eventually the Red Army was Eventually the Red Army was able to defeat the Nazis & able to defeat the Nazis & save the utterly destroyed save the utterly destroyed city that bore the name of city that bore the name of

their leader.their leader.

The Germans were in retreat!The Germans were in retreat!

The Battle for StalingradThe Battle for Stalingrad(1,530,000 Casualties)(1,530,000 Casualties)

The War’s “Turning Point”The War’s “Turning Point”

After the Battle for After the Battle for Stalingrad, the Stalingrad, the

German army would German army would continue to be pushed continue to be pushed

back toward their back toward their “fatherland.”“fatherland.”

From this point on, the From this point on, the Soviet Red Army Soviet Red Army

would have the upper would have the upper hand on the eastern hand on the eastern

front.front.

http://www.458bg.com/Stories/CedricCole/MemStalag17/

MapRussianAdvance_WEB.jpg

The Western FrontThe Western Front

The allied forces in the west, The allied forces in the west, led by Gen. Dwight led by Gen. Dwight

Eisenhower had prepared Eisenhower had prepared for some time to invade for some time to invade

Hitler’s “fortress Europe.”Hitler’s “fortress Europe.”

On June 6, 1944, the invasion On June 6, 1944, the invasion known as known as D-DayD-Day began. began.

Many allied soldiers died, but Many allied soldiers died, but they were able to they were able to

successfully take the successfully take the beaches of Normandy.beaches of Normandy.

The Western FrontThe Western Front

Eventually, the allied forces Eventually, the allied forces were able to liberate were able to liberate

France, Belgium, & the France, Belgium, & the Netherlands.Netherlands.

They would then push into They would then push into Germany itself.Germany itself.

The Soviets were closing in The Soviets were closing in on Berlin from the east & on Berlin from the east & the Allies from the west.the Allies from the west.

Hitler was surrounded.Hitler was surrounded.

Evidence of Nazi CrueltyEvidence of Nazi Cruelty

As the allied forces liberated As the allied forces liberated the territories taken by the territories taken by

Hitler, they found evidence Hitler, they found evidence of his cruelty.of his cruelty.

Jews, Gypsy’s, & others had Jews, Gypsy’s, & others had been sent by the Nazis to been sent by the Nazis to

““Concentration CampsConcentration Camps.”.”

There they would either work There they would either work as slave labor, or be as slave labor, or be

systematically murdered.systematically murdered.

The Final SolutionThe Final SolutionHitler wanted to keep his Hitler wanted to keep his

“final solution” to the “final solution” to the “Jewish question” secret.“Jewish question” secret.

The secret was revealed The secret was revealed when the allies stumbled when the allies stumbled

upon these camps.upon these camps.

Allied soldiers made Germans Allied soldiers made Germans from the surrounding from the surrounding

towns come and see what towns come and see what had been done in their had been done in their

name.name.

This mass murder of Jews by This mass murder of Jews by Hitler’s Germany is known Hitler’s Germany is known

as the as the HolocaustHolocaust..

Hitler Commits SuicideHitler Commits Suicide

Knowing that the war would Knowing that the war would soon be over & that he had soon be over & that he had lost, Hitler finally marries lost, Hitler finally marries his longtime girlfriend Eva his longtime girlfriend Eva

Braun.Braun.

Shortly after this they both Shortly after this they both commit suicide.commit suicide.

Hitler escapes justice.Hitler escapes justice.

The war in Europe would soon The war in Europe would soon end.end.

Germany Surrenders!!!!!Germany Surrenders!!!!!

On May 7, 1945, Nazi On May 7, 1945, Nazi Germany surrenders & the Germany surrenders & the

war in Europe is over.war in Europe is over.

The allies were victorious!The allies were victorious!

Allied LeadersAllied Leaders::

Britain-Britain-Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill

U.S.-U.S.-Franklin Roosevelt*Franklin Roosevelt*

U.S.S.R.-U.S.S.R.-Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

Europe is free from Nazi Europe is free from Nazi tyranny!!!tyranny!!!

The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan

After the war, most of Europe After the war, most of Europe was destroyed.was destroyed.

In 1947, US Secretary of In 1947, US Secretary of State George C. Marshall, State George C. Marshall, developed the developed the Marshall Marshall

PlanPlan to give economic aid to give economic aid to the countries of western to the countries of western

Europe.Europe.

This money helped to rebuild This money helped to rebuild the destroyed nations of the destroyed nations of

Europe.Europe.

Return to our Essential Return to our Essential Question(s)……Question(s)……

What were the causes & effects of What were the causes & effects of WWII?WWII?

What is the significance of the What is the significance of the Holocaust in terms of WWII?Holocaust in terms of WWII?