to xo car a presentation
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Order: Ascaridida
Family: Toxocarida
Genus: Toxocara
Species: T. canis
Geography: Worldwide
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Both males and females have three prominent lips Each lip has a dentigerous (teeth bearing) ridge
Eggs are 75-90 micrometers embryonated when laid
Have pits Very resistant to various weather and chemical conditions
Males: 4-6 cm long
Females: 6.5 cm long can be as long as 15 cm
The vulva is about one-third the body length
The uteri can contain up to 27 million eggs at a time.
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Toxocara egg
Larvated eggs
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Larvae
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Adults
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Humans become infected by ingesting infectiveeggs, often due to close contact with puppies orfrom egg infected with soil
Transuterine transmission
puppy can get from mother during
pregnancy or from mothers milk.
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Definitive host: Dog or other canid
Paratenic hosts: mice, rabbits, andmonkeys
Accidental host: Humans
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Toxocara cati
Very similar to Toxocara canis
One of the most common feline helminths
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Toxocara canis causes toxocariasis: azoonotic infection caused by the
parasitic roundworms found in theintestine of dogs.
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1) Ocular larva migrans (OLM):
Toxocara infections can cause an eye disease which can cause blindness.
OLM occurs when a microscopic worm enters the eye
Each year more than 700 people infected with Toxocara experiencepermanent partial loss of vision.
OLM occurs when larvae enter the eye. This results in a loss of vision or severeocular inflammation
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2) Visceral larva migrans (VLM):
Repeated Toxocara infections can cause a disease that causes
swelling of the bodys organs or central nervous system.
When the larval parasite migrates through the human body it isknown as larval migrans.
In the UK alone there are over300 cases of toxocariasis diagnosedeach year.
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Symptoms : VLM: include abdominal pain, fever, coughing,
wheezing and asthma
OLM: include ophthalmologic lesions
Often found in children aged between 2 & 7 Can also be asymptomatic
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Is usually made by serology or the finding
of larvae in biopsy or autopsy specimens.
ELISA
positive in 78% of those with visceral larvamigrans
positive in 45% of those with ocular toxocariasi
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Cross-section of Toxocara Larvae in livertissue
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Prednisone
Albendazole or Mebendazole
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Dont allow dogs to lick your face
Wash hands after playing with pets
Avoid infected areas
De-worm dogs
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Small children are susceptible
Prelevant because every puppy is
assumed to have this helminth
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http://course1.winona.edu/kbates/ascarids.htm
http://www.soton.ac.uk/~ceb/Students/Toxocara.htm
http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/Toxocariasis.htm
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Toxocara_canis.html
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfil
e=htm/bc/23505.htm
http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-77122008000100012&script=sci_arttext
http://course1.winona.edu/kbates/ascarids.htmhttp://www.soton.ac.uk/~ceb/Students/Toxocara.htmhttp://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/Toxocariasis.htmhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Toxocara_canis.htmlhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Toxocara_canis.htmlhttp://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/23505.htmhttp://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/23505.htmhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-77122008000100012&script=sci_arttexthttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-77122008000100012&script=sci_arttexthttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-77122008000100012&script=sci_arttexthttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-77122008000100012&script=sci_arttexthttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-77122008000100012&script=sci_arttexthttp://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/23505.htmhttp://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/23505.htmhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Toxocara_canis.htmlhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Toxocara_canis.htmlhttp://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/Toxocariasis.htmhttp://www.soton.ac.uk/~ceb/Students/Toxocara.htmhttp://course1.winona.edu/kbates/ascarids.htm