to “bugs”

130
An Introduction to “Bugs” Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University

Upload: others

Post on 09-Feb-2022

6 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: to “Bugs”

An Introduction

to “Bugs”

Whitney Cranshaw

Colorado State University

Page 2: to “Bugs”

Arthropod Features

• Segmented body

• Exoskeleton

• Jointed appendages

• Bilateral symmetry of design

• Dorsal heart/Ventral nerve cord

Page 3: to “Bugs”

Arthropod Characteristics

Segmented bodies

Page 4: to “Bugs”

Phylum Arthropoda

Arthropods

Page 5: to “Bugs”

Arthropod Characteristics

Segmented bodiesExternal Skeleton

(Exoskeleton)

Page 6: to “Bugs”
Page 7: to “Bugs”
Page 8: to “Bugs”

Features of the Insect Exoskeleton

Protection from:

-Pathogens

-Physical trauma

-Insecticides, etc.

Page 9: to “Bugs”

Eleodes darkling

beetles

(aka “stink beetles”.

“skunk beetles”,

“circus beetles”)

Page 10: to “Bugs”

Primary advantage of an exoskeleton:

Provides a means for small animals to avoid

excessive water loss!

Page 11: to “Bugs”

Allows for development of:

-Appendages

Features of the Insect Exoskeleton

Mobility is enhanced.

Page 12: to “Bugs”

Allows for development of:

-Appendages

-Specialized structures

Features of the Insect Exoskeleton

Enhance feeding, defense,

movement

Page 13: to “Bugs”

Allows for development of:

-Appendages

-Specialized structures

-Arthropod tracheal system of

gas exchange

Features of the Insect Exoskeleton

Decreased water loss

Page 14: to “Bugs”

The exoskeleton allows

for development of the

arthropod tracheal system

allowing transport/

exchange of oxygen to

cells

Spiracles

Page 15: to “Bugs”

The tracheal

system transports

oxygen to each cell

Spiracle

Page 16: to “Bugs”

Disadvantage of an exoskeleton:

Page 17: to “Bugs”
Page 18: to “Bugs”

9:11

10:36

11:42

Darkening of a recently

molted lady beetle adult

Page 19: to “Bugs”
Page 20: to “Bugs”

Soft Shell vs. Hard

Shell Lobster Meat

Extraction Trial

July 2015

Page 21: to “Bugs”

Soft shell Hard shell

Meat Extraction Soft Shell vs. Hard Shell

Page 22: to “Bugs”

Water Component Soft Shell vs. Hard Shell

Soft shell Hard shell

Page 23: to “Bugs”
Page 24: to “Bugs”
Page 25: to “Bugs”
Page 26: to “Bugs”

Arthropod Characteristics

Segmented bodiesExternal Skeleton

(Exoskeleton)

Jointed

appendages

Page 27: to “Bugs”

Arthropod Characteristic

Body plan is

bilaterally

symmetrical

Page 28: to “Bugs”
Page 29: to “Bugs”

Incorrect

Page 30: to “Bugs”

I YOU

A Cricket’s Valentine

Page 31: to “Bugs”

Arthropod Features

• Segmented body

• Exoskeleton

• Jointed appendages

• Bilateral symmetry of design

• Dorsal heart/Ventral nerve cord

Page 32: to “Bugs”

Classes of

Arthropoda

Page 33: to “Bugs”

Crustaceans

Arthropod Class

Page 34: to “Bugs”

Terrestrial Isopods*

(Sowbugs and Pillbugs)

*Subphylum Crustacea ; Class Malacostraca; Order

Isopoda

Page 35: to “Bugs”

Crustacean Features

• Two pair of

antennae

• Distinct head area

• Body usually

covered by a shield

like carapace

• Oxygen acquired

through gills

Page 36: to “Bugs”

Seven pairs of legs Mouthparts

Page 37: to “Bugs”

Immature stages of sowbugs and

pillbugs are similar in features as

the adults, but smaller – a simple

type of metamorphosis

Page 38: to “Bugs”

Sowbug

Molting

Front half molts first

Back half molts second

Page 39: to “Bugs”

Molting occurs in

two stages with the

sowbugs and

pillbugs

Page 40: to “Bugs”

Sowbugs and

Pillbugs

Sowbug

Pillbug – also known as the ‘roly-poly’

Associated with moist

areas and decaying

vegetation

Page 41: to “Bugs”

Sowbugs

Pillbug (a.k.a.

“roly-poly’)

Page 42: to “Bugs”

Sowbugs

Page 43: to “Bugs”

Now if only I

could roll

into a ball…

Page 44: to “Bugs”

Pillbug

Page 45: to “Bugs”
Page 46: to “Bugs”
Page 47: to “Bugs”

Arthropod Class

Diplopoda

Millipedes

Page 48: to “Bugs”

Millipedes

Two Pairs of Legs Per Segment

Page 49: to “Bugs”

Millipede Feature –Two pairs of legs per

segment

Page 50: to “Bugs”
Page 51: to “Bugs”
Page 52: to “Bugs”
Page 53: to “Bugs”
Page 54: to “Bugs”
Page 55: to “Bugs”

Duff Millipedes

Page 56: to “Bugs”

Arthropod Class

Chilopoda

Centipedes

Page 57: to “Bugs”

1 Pair Antennae

1 Pair Legs/

Body Segment

Centipedes

Page 58: to “Bugs”

Most

centipedes

have 15 to 23

pairs of legs

Page 59: to “Bugs”

Head

Pseudohead

Centipedes

Page 60: to “Bugs”

Maxillipeds

Prey is captured with the

maxillipeds and are injected

with a toxin (cytolysin)

Page 61: to “Bugs”

Stone Centipede – A common garden resident

Page 62: to “Bugs”
Page 63: to “Bugs”
Page 64: to “Bugs”

House Centipede

Page 65: to “Bugs”
Page 66: to “Bugs”

Orders of

Arachnids

Page 67: to “Bugs”

Arachnid Feature – Two Body Regions

Cephalothorax

Abdomen

Page 68: to “Bugs”

Arachnid Feature – Four Pairs of Legs

Page 69: to “Bugs”

Chelicerae

Face of a longjawed spider showing chelicerae and pedipalps

PedipalpsPhoto courtesy of Brian Valentine

Page 70: to “Bugs”

Spiders Order Araneae

Page 71: to “Bugs”

Some spiders use

webbing to snare prey

Page 72: to “Bugs”

Some spiders

hunt prey without

the aid of silk

David Cappaert

Brian Valentine

Page 73: to “Bugs”

The Wood Louse

Hunter/ Roly-Poly

Killer

Family Dysderidae

~Dysdera crocata

Page 74: to “Bugs”
Page 75: to “Bugs”
Page 76: to “Bugs”
Page 77: to “Bugs”

Daddy longlegs, Harvestmen

Order: Opiliones

Page 78: to “Bugs”

Mites & Ticks Order Acari

Page 79: to “Bugs”

Ticks feed on the blood of

vertebrates

Page 80: to “Bugs”

Left: Before Below: After

Page 81: to “Bugs”
Page 82: to “Bugs”
Page 83: to “Bugs”

Scorpions Order Scorpiones

Page 84: to “Bugs”

Pedipalps (chelae)

for prey capture

Scorpion chelicerae (jaws)

Page 85: to “Bugs”

Scorpions

fluoresce in

ultraviolet

light

Page 86: to “Bugs”

Scorpions fluorescing

under black light

Page 87: to “Bugs”

An adorable baby scorpion!

Common

striped bark

scorpion

Centruroides vittatus

Page 88: to “Bugs”

Northern scorpion

Northern desert

hairy scorpion

Scorpions of

Western Colorado

Photograph by Bob Hammon

Page 89: to “Bugs”

Windscorpions, Sunspiders,

Solpugids

Order Solifugae

Photograph by Mike Gittleson

Photograph by Frank Peairs

Page 90: to “Bugs”

Courtesy University of California

Page 91: to “Bugs”

The notorious “camel spider” photograph

Page 92: to “Bugs”
Page 93: to “Bugs”

Orders of Insects

Page 94: to “Bugs”

Segmented

Body

External skeleton/

Exoskeleton

Jointed

Appendages

Arthropod Characteristics

Page 95: to “Bugs”

Abdomen Thorax Head

Page 96: to “Bugs”

Insect body is

organized into

three regions

Page 97: to “Bugs”
Page 98: to “Bugs”
Page 99: to “Bugs”

Academy Award

Nominee (1955) for

Special Effects

Page 100: to “Bugs”

Special/Visual

Effects Academy

Award

1955 Nominee

2019 WinnerThe movie 1917

won the award

this year

Page 101: to “Bugs”
Page 102: to “Bugs”
Page 103: to “Bugs”

Head

Thorax Abdomen

Three pairs of legs – on the thorax

A Jerusalem cricket – an insect of unusual

appearance found in western Colorado

Page 104: to “Bugs”

Larvae of Lepidoptera,

known as caterpillars,

have 2-5 pairs of

abdominal prolegs

The prolegs are tipped

with hook-like crochets

Page 105: to “Bugs”

Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars) have prolegs on

the abdomen

Page 106: to “Bugs”

Inchworms and loopers have only 2 or 3 pairs of prolegs

Page 107: to “Bugs”

Whitelined sphinx (Hyles

lineata) – The common

“hummingbird moth” of

the western US

Page 108: to “Bugs”
Page 109: to “Bugs”
Page 110: to “Bugs”

Orders of Insects

Page 111: to “Bugs”

The Real Transformers - Insecticon

Page 112: to “Bugs”
Page 113: to “Bugs”

How Many Kinds of Insects

Are There on Earth?

• Approximately 1 million different

insect species have been described

• It is estimated that there presently

exist probably 4-6 million species of

insects; some estimates are higher

• New species of insects are described

at a rate of about 7200/year

Page 114: to “Bugs”

Metamorphosis

‘Change in form’

Page 115: to “Bugs”
Page 116: to “Bugs”
Page 117: to “Bugs”

A simple, or gradual pattern of metamorphosis

Page 118: to “Bugs”
Page 119: to “Bugs”

Green peach aphid giving

live birth to daughter

Cannabis aphid

mother and daughters

(genetically identical)

Page 120: to “Bugs”
Page 121: to “Bugs”
Page 122: to “Bugs”
Page 123: to “Bugs”
Page 124: to “Bugs”

Mosquito Life Cycle

Adult (left)

Larvae/wrigglers (lower left)

Pupae/tumblers (below)

Page 125: to “Bugs”
Page 126: to “Bugs”
Page 127: to “Bugs”
Page 128: to “Bugs”
Page 129: to “Bugs”

What Should We Cover?

• Aphids

• Hummingbird Moths

• Whiteflies

• Slugs

• Earwigs

• Wood borers (incl.

Emerald ash borer)

• Bark beetles/Ips

• Japanese beetle

• Scale insects

• Spider mites

• Gall insects

• Nuisance invaders

• Grasshoppers

• Codling Moth

• Flea beetles……….

Page 130: to “Bugs”

Next up:

Natural

Enemies of

Insect

Pests