to be or to be a few notes about the usage of ser and estar
TRANSCRIPT
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To BE or To BETo BE or To BE
A few notes about A few notes about the the
USAGE of USAGE of SER and ESTARSER and ESTAR
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Basic Definitions
Ser is to express a concept or situation / item that won’t likely change
Estar is to express current situations that are usually not permanent
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SER = to be (existence verb)
Soy Somos
Eres (Sois)
Es son
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Use Use SERSER for the following for the following reasons:reasons:
PP OO II NN T _ T _ D.D.
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Use Use SERSER for the following for the following reasons:reasons:
PProfession or rofession or PPossessionossession OOriginrigin IInherent nherent IIdentity traitsdentity traits NNationalityationality TTime ime DD. day, date, definition of . day, date, definition of
peoplepeople
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Profession
Mesero/a Camarero/a Profesor/a Maestro/a Estudiante Alumno/a Director/a fotógrafo/a Músico/a Plomero/a Medico/a Doctor/a
Enfermero/a
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Possession ¿De quién es [item] ? [Item] es de {person/s}.
¿De quién son [items – plural]? [Items] son de {person/s}.
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OOriginrigin “De + Place”“De + Place”
¿De dónde eres tú?¿De dónde eres tú? ¿De dónde es Ud.?¿De dónde es Ud.?
(Yo) soy de _____(Yo) soy de _____ ¿De dónde son Uds.?¿De dónde son Uds.?
(Nosotros) somos (Nosotros) somos de______.de______.
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***Inherent Identity***basic characteristics, rarely change
Size or shape (grande,pequeño, gordo, flaco)
Height or length (alto, bajo, largo, corto)
Identity: hombre, mujer, muchacho/a, joven, viejo/a, bonito/a, feo/a
Color
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Nationalitymexicano/acubano/a puertorriqueño/aestadounidensecanadiensevietnamita
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Time¿Qué hora es?
Es la una /// Son las (dos).¿A qué hora es la clase?
La clase es a las _____.
Temprano (early)Tarde (late)
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Day / Date, DefinitionDay: ¿Qué día es hoy?
Hoy es (l, m, m, j, v, s, d).
Date: ¿Cuál es la fecha?Es el ____(number) de _____ (month).
**Definition: 2 terms for same person
La Sra. Armendariz es mi profesora.
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Estar = to be… located, to feelEstoy Estamos
Estás (estaís)
Está Están
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Use ESTAR for the following reasons:
LACE
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Use ESTAR for the following reasons:
Locations “en + place”Actions in progress “--ing”Conditions - can change with
time or helpEmotions (feelings)
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LocationLocation• ***Dónde está(s)?***
• Está / estoy en + place
**aquí **allí **allá
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Rima Izquierda, derecha Delante, detrás Cerca y lejos ….Y algo mas… Abajo, arriba Enfrente, encima
Y ahora muchachos, se acaba la rima!
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AAction in Progressction in ProgressUse a form of estar to Use a form of estar to indicate the subject indicate the subject
Add a form of “present Add a form of “present participle” [-ndo] to participle” [-ndo] to represent [-ing] verb that represent [-ing] verb that is “in the process” of is “in the process” of occurring.occurring.
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Present Participle formation(see p. 308 Realidades Uno for more info.)AR verbs drop the “ar” and
replace it with “ando”
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-ER and -IR verbs
ER and IR verbs drop the “er” or “ir” and replace with “iendo”.
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Present Participle Special Exceptions
Rare exceptions with 3+ vowels: “iendo” becomes “yendo”
Ex: le-er > leiendo > leYendo tra-er > traeiendo > traYendo
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Conditions “here today, gone tomorrow” **¿Cómo está(s)? Bien / mal Enfermo/a Cansado/a Ocupado/a (no) de acuerdo Rico/a, delicioso/a (comida) Tranquilo/a
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Emotions (“nothing more than
feelings”)Contento/a – FelizEnojado/a (angry)Frustrado/aEmocionado/aTristePreocupado/a (worried)
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Ready for a Quiz???
¿Estás listo/a [preparado(a)
] para una prueba?
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What is the “clue” phrase for origin?
En + placeDe + placeEstadounidenses
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Which word does NOT indicate an identity trait? (ser family)
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Which word does NOT indicate a condition or emotion? (estar family)
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Associate the Opposites (estar)Cerca
Abajo
Derecha
Mal
De acuerdo
Nervioso/a
Emocionado/a
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Associate the Opposites (ser) Largo/a
Feo/a
Aburrido/a
Pequeño/a
Antipático/a
Viejo/a
Barato/a
mayor