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றி�க+ றி�க+ றி�க+ றி�க+!!!!!!!!

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kqVuqjtbimx<Hvi{l<kqVuqjtbimx<Hvi{l<kqVuqjtbimx<Hvi{l<kqVuqjtbimx<Hvi{l<!!!!

2*! -jxueqe<!kqVuqjtbimz<gjth<!hx<xq!Lke<Lkzqz<!%xqb!Fiz<gt</!!! gz<ziml<?!Sf<kvhi{<cbl</!!3*! Lke<Lkzqz<!kqVuqjtbimx<Hvi{l<!hicbuI!ohVl<hx<xh<!Hzqb,I!fl<hq!!!

24N<l<<<<Fix<xi{<M!!!-f<F~z<!kqVuizuib<djmbiI!kqVuqjtbimx<Hvi{l</!!!4*! kqVuqjtbimx<Hvi{l<!.!hicbuI!hvR<Osikq!LequI!5*! hvR<Osikq!LequI!–!27Nl<!Fix<xi{<M!–!kqVljxg<giM!hqxf<kDI/!!6*! &e<X!gi{<mr<gt<!.!lKjv?!%mz<?!!kqVuizuib<!79!hmzl<!4474!himz<gt</!!7*! -K!Nzi <̂b!lgik<lqbl<!we<El<!umolipq!Fijzk<!kPuq!wPkh<hm<mK/!!!!

Okl<hiu{qOkl<hiu{qOkl<hiu{qOkl<hiu{q!!!!

2*! Okl<hiu{q!–!uQvliLequI!-bx<xqbK!3*! Fiz<!4!gi{<mr<gt<!47!hmzr<gt<//!4726!himz<gt<!!

sQxih<sQxih<sQxih<sQxih<Hvi{l<Hvi{l<Hvi{l<Hvi{l<!!!!

2*! NsqiqbI!dlXh<HzuI!–!gQpg<gjv!3*! dlXh<Hzuiqe<!NsqiqbI!gcjg!Lk<Kh<HzuI!4*! dlXh<HzuI!.!- <̂zilqbg<!gl<hI!5*! gi{<mr<gt<!.!4?!hmzr<<gt<!.!:3?!himz<gt<!.!6138!6*! uqzik<Kg<gi{<ml<!.!hqxh<H!hx<xqg<%XgqxK/!!! FHuk<Kg<gi{<ml<! .!kQIg<g!kiqsel<!hx<xqg<%XgqxK!! aq\<vk<!gi{<ml<!!.!-ml<!ohbi<kz<!hx<xqg<%XgqxK!!

!!!!

!!!!hGkq!hGkq!hGkq!hGkq!....!-!-!-!-!!!!

!klqp<klqp<klqp<klqp<!nxqRIgTl<!klqp<k<oki{<Ml<!nxqRIgTl<!klqp<k<oki{<Ml<!nxqRIgTl<!klqp<k<oki{<Ml<!nxqRIgTl<!klqp<k<oki{<Ml<!!!!

hivkqbiIhivkqbiIhivkqbiIhivkqbiI!!!!!→ Sh<hqvl{qb!hivkqbiI!–!wm<mbHvk<kqz<!hqxf<kiI/!→ ohx<OxiI!sqe<es<silq!JbI!.!-zg<Glq!nl<jlbiI!

→ Oksqbguq?!lgiguq!weh<!Ohix<xh<hm<miI/!

-f<kqbi?!uq\bi!-kp<gjt!outqbqm<miI!

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→

→ Rievkl<?!Sf<kiqbqe<!gjk?!kviS!–!djvfjm!Fiz<gjt!wPkqBt<tiI/!!→ hiR<sizqshkl<?!g{<{e<!him<M?!Gbqz<him<M!–!Lh<ohVl<!hjmh<Hgt<!

→ flg<Gk<okipqz<!guqjk!fim<cx<Gjpk<kz<!!-jlh<ohiPKl<!Osivi!kqVk<kz<!.!we<X!Lpg<glqm<muI!hivkq!

→ hivkq!we<hke<!ohiVt<!gjzlge<!we<hkiGl<!

→ klqp<?!Nr<gqzl<?!sl <̂gqVkl<?!ur<gitl<?!hqvR<S?!nvH!olipqgjtk<!okiqf<kuI!

→ okVouz<zil<!klqp<!Lpg<gl<!ospqg<gs<osb<uQI!

→ oklKvk<!klqOpijs!dzogzil<!hvUl<!ujg!osb<kz<!Ou{<Ml<!

→ bilxqf<k!olipqgtqOz!klqp<!olipqOhiz<!-eqkiuK!wr<Gl<!giO{il<!

→ osiz<zqz<!dbIU!klqp<s<osiz<Oz!

→ SOkslqk<kqve<?!-f<kqbi!-kp<gtqe<!Nsqiqbvig!-Vf<kiI/!!

→ NBkl<!osb<Ouil<!fz<z!gigqkl<!osb<Ouil<!

→ Hjeh<ohbIgt<!.!o]z<zqkise</!gitqkise<?!sg<kqkise!

→ 2:16-z<!sg<gvuIk<kqe<!-kjpk<!okimr<gqeiI!

→ hqx!fim<M!fz<zxqRI!sik<kqvr<gt<!klqp<!olipqbqz<!ohbIk<kz<!Ou{<Ml<!

→ likI!kl<jl!-pqU!osb<Bl<!lmjljbg<!ogiPk<KOuil</!!

→ wz<ziVl<!YIGzl<!wz<ziLl<!Yiqel<!!wz<ziVl<!-f<fim<M!le<eI!

→ ye<Xhm<miz<!d{<M!uip<U!

→ ht<tqk<kzljek<Kl<!Ogibqz<!osb<Ouil<!

→ dt<tk<kqz<!d{<jl!ytq!d{<mibqe<!!uig<gqeqOz!ytq!d{<miGl<!

→ keqobiVuEg<G!d{uqz<jz!weqz<!-s<!sgk<kqje!npqk<kqMOuil<!

→ gig<jg!gVuq!wr<gt<!sikq!!gmZl<!lbzbl<!wr<gt<!%m<ml<!

→ kvLk<kqe<!uip<Ukjes<!$K!gu<Ul<!kVll<!lXhcBl<!ouz<Zl<!

→ osh<Holipq!hkqoem<Mjmbit<!.!weqz<!sqf<kje!ye<Xjmbit<!

→ fQMKbqz<!fQg<gh<!hic!uf<k!fqzi!giMglPl<!gx<h,vs<!osix<Ogi!jhf<klqp<k<!OkIh<hige<!! ! ! !osf<klqp<k<!OkeQ!sqf<Kg<Gk<!kf<jk!

!!!!hivkqkise<hivkqkise<hivkqkise<hivkqkise<!!!!

→ -bx<ohbI!Sh<Hvk<kqel<!→ ohx<OxiI!gegsjh!.!-zm<Slq!→ HKs<Osiq!–!3:.5.29:2-z<!hqxf<kiI!→ wr<ogr<G!gi{qEl<!sg<kqbmi!–!kl<hq!! wPgmz<!nue<!u{<{lmi!–!Lkx<himz<!.!→ Fiz<gt<! ;! hi{<cbe<hiqS?! wkqIhivik! Lk<kl<?! Osvki{<mul<?! npgqe<sqiqh<H?!!! GMl<huqtg<G?! -V{<muQM?! GxqrR<sqkqm<M?! g{<{gqHvm<sqg<! gih<hqbl<?!!! l{qOlgjz! ou{<hi?! gjpg<Umk<kqbqe<! gikz<?! klqps<sqbqe<! gk<kq?!!! -jtRI!-zg<gqbl<?!klqpqbg<gl<?!gikzi!gmjlbi@!→ ohiKUjmjlg<!gVk<jk!uzqBXk<kqbK!sR<sQuq!hIukk<kqe<!sivz<!→ -bx<jg!uI{je!–!npgqe<!sqiqh<H!→ gz<zijl!.!-V{<muQM!→ -uI!fmk<kqb!-kp<!Gbqz<!→ -uvK! hqsqvif<jkbiI! wEl<! FiZg<Gs<! sigqk<kqb! ngimlq! uqVK!!! upr<gh<hm<mK/!

hivkqjbh<!hx<xq!hivkqkise<!Hgp<f<K!%xqbju

www.Padasalai.Net



→ klqp<fim<ce<!-v$z<!gl<sOku<!weh<!hivm<mh<ohXhuI!→ uip<uqeqz<!osl<jljbs<!osb<hut<!fQOb!–!wEl<himz<!!! HKju!nvS!klqp<k<kib<!uip<k<kig!Wx<Xg<ogi{<Mt<tK/!!→ dbqjv!d{Iju!utIh<hK!klqOp!→ wr<gt<!hjguI!wr<Ogi!ljxf<kiI!!! -r<Gt<t!klqpIgt<!ye<xikz<!g{<Om!→ wz<ziIg<Gl<!wz<zil<!we<X!-Vh<hkiz<!! -ml<!Ofig<gq!fmg<gqe<xK!-f<kjubl<!→ wtqjlbqeiz<!yV!klqpe<!! hch<hqz<jz!we<xiz<!.!-r<Gt<t!wz<ziVl<!!! fi{qmUl<!Ou{<Ml<!→ oh{<{cjl!kQVolm<Ml<!OhSf<!kqVfim<M!! l{<{cjl!kQIf<K!uVkz<!Lbx<ogil<Ob!→ -Vm<mjxbqz<!dt<tkmi!dzgl<!.!sikq!! -Vg<gqe<xoke<hiEl<!-Vg<gqe<xiOe!→ fz<zGMl<hl<!hz<gjzg<!gpgl<!→ klqPg<Gl<!nLoke<X!OhI!.!-e<hk<!! klqp<!wr<gt<!dbqVg<G!OfI! wr<gt<!uip<Ul<!wr<gt<!utLl<!! lr<gik!klqope<X!sr<Og!Lpr<G!→ Ogiiqg<jgbx<Xg<!gqmg<Gk{<O{!.!-r<G!! Ouiqz<!hPk<khzi!→ kjzuiqh<!h,s<$m<c!de<jeh<!him!! sijzg<Gh<!Ohioue<X!osie<eit<!de<!ne<je!!!

filg<gz<!guqRIfilg<gz<!guqRIfilg<gz<!guqRIfilg<gz<!guqRI!!!!→ -bx<ohbI!-vilzqr<gl<!→ hqxf<kDI!OligEiI!–!uip<f<k!DI!filg<gz<!→ Fiz<gt<!.!klqpe<!-kbl<?!sib<ogizq!klqp<k<OkI!–!guqjk!! nuEl<!nuTl<!.!giuqbl<!! ljzg<gt<te<!.!lIlfiuz<!! -zg<gqb!-e<hl<!.!gm<Mjv!→ we<gjk!–!ke<uvzix<Xg<!gm<Mjv!→ klqpg!nvsqe<!-kp<!nvsjug<!guqRI!→ gif<kqbg<!guqRI!weh<!Ohix<xh<hMhuI!→ klqpe<!we<oxiV!-eL{<M!! keqOb!nkx<ogiV!G{L{<M!→ him<mitq!lg<gtK!hsqkQv!Ou{<Ml<!! h{ole<x!Oligk<kqe<!Njs!kQvOu{<Ml<!→ jgk<okipqz<!ye<jxg<!gx<Xg<ogit<!! gujz!deg<gqz<jz!yk<Kg<ogit<!→ gk<kqbqe<xq!-vk<klqe<xq!! bk<kolie<X!uVGK!→ klqpe<!we<X!osiz<zmi!! kjzfqlqIf<K!fqz<zmi!→ gif<kqjb!lxg<giOk!–!we<Xl<!! sif<kqjb!-pg<giOk!!!!!

guql{qguql{qguql{qguql{q → figIOgiuqjz!nMk<Kt<t!Ok'I/!-bx<ohbI!Oksqguqfibgl<hqt<jt!→ uip<fit<!38.9.2987!–!37.:.2:65!)89!ubK*!→ NsqiqbI!sif<kzqr<gk<!kl<hqvie<!→ okimg<gh<ht<tq!Nsqiqbvigq!–!gz<Ziiqh<!OhvisqiqbvieiI/!

www.Padasalai.Net



→ Fiz<gt<!;!lzVl<!lijzBl<?!NsqbO\ikq?!fiR<sqz<!fim<M!lVlg<gt<!upq!!! lie<lqbl<?!gif<kTIs<sijz?!Okuqbqe<!gQIk<kjegt<?!dlIgbil<!himz<gt<!→ NsqbO\ikq!–!Hk<kI!uvziX!–!Light of Aisa - Fijzk<!kPuq!!! wPkh<hm<mK!–!nIeiz<m<!→ dlIgbil<! → 'hibk<! .! wm<ui<hqm<̂ <! o\viz<ce<! Nr<gqz! olipqohbIh<H!!! –!njkk<kPuq!guql{q!wPkqbK!dlIgbil<!himz<gt<!→ dt<tk<kqz<!dt<tK!guqjk!.!-e<h!!! Dx<oxMh<hK!guqjk!→ YMl<!dkqv<kkqz<!upqf<okiPGl<!g{<{Qiqz<!! Okch<!hiIk<kiZl<!sikq!okiquK{<Omi!nl<li!→ oub<bqx<Ogx<x!fqpZ{<M!uQSf<oke<xz<!gix<X{<M!→ lr<jgbvigh<!hqxh<hkx<Og!–!fz<z!! likul<!osb<kqm!Ou{<Mll<li!→ Okim<mk<kqz<!OlBK!out<jth<hS!–!nr<Og!! Kt<tqg<!Gkqg<GK!ge<Xg<Gm<c!→ him<Mg<ogiV!Hzue<!hivkqbmi!–!nue<!! him<jmh<!h{<O{iM!yVue<!hiceimi!!

Lcbvse<Lcbvse<Lcbvse<Lcbvse<

→ -bx<ohbI!Lcbvse<!.!kqviuqm!-bg<gg<!guqRI!→ Fiz<gt<!.!Lcbvse<!guqjkgt<!giuqbh<hiju/!h,r<ogic!De<XOgiz</!!→ h,r<ogic!–!klqpgnvsqe<!hiqS!ohx<x!Fiz<!→ klqp<g<!gikjzh<!himz<gtqz<!d{vzil<!→ olipq!gig<Gl<!uvl<hqz<jzObz<!! wl<olipqBl<!npqf<KOhiGl<!!!!!

!!!!

ui{qkise<ui{qkise<ui{qkise<ui{qkise<

→ -bx<ohbI!–!wk<kqvi\<!nvr<gsilq!→ Fiz<gt<! .! klqps<sq?! ogic! -z<jz?! wpqOziuqbl<?! -e<h! -zg<gqbl<?!!! ohir<gz<!hiqS?!-eqg<Gl<him<M?!Gpf<jk!-zg<gqgbl<?!okiMuiel<!→ guqROvX?!hiuzIl{q!weh<hm<mr<gt<!ohx<xuI/!!

klqpgk<kqe<!‘OuIm<̂ <!ouiIk<’ weh<!hivim<mh<hm<muI/!!!

SvkiSvkiSvkiSvki

→ -bx<ohbI!–!-vi\Ogihiz<!→ dujlg<!guqRI!weh<!Ohix<xh<hMhuI!→ Sh<Hvk<kqekise<!we<hke<!SVg<gl<!Svki!!! )Sh<Hvk<kqekise<!.!hivkqkiseqe<!-bx<ohbI*!!→ Fiz<gt<!;!Oke<ljp!siuqe<!Lk<kl<?!hm<mk<kvsq?!KjxLgl<!!! uiIk<jkuisz<?!ws<sqz<!-vU!→ nLkl<!OkEl<!wkx<G@!fQ!! nVgqeqz<!-Vg<jgbqOz!weg<G!→ Oux<Xjljb!uqjes<!osix<gt<!Wx<hkqz<jz!! OuXhim<jmk<!klqp<s<sr<gl<!Wx<hkqz<jz!→ hPk<kqVg<Gl<!uqeig<GxqOhiz<!! lQjsjuk<k!hi{<cbIgt<!!!!!

g{<{kise<g{<{kise<g{<{kise<g{<{kise<

→ -bx<ohbI!Lk<jkbi!→ sqX%mz<!hm<cbqz<!hqxf<kuI!→ ohx<OxiI!sik<kh<he<!.!uqsizim<sq!

www.Padasalai.Net



→ Fiz<gt<!Nm<mek<kq/!lir<geq?!gz<zg<Gc!ligiuqbl<?!WSgiuqbl<!→ Hkqer<gt<!.!Nbqvl<!kQU?!nr<gbx<g{<{q?!Ouzr<Gck<!kqVuqpi!→ -uvK!Osvlie<!gikzq!)Hkqel<*!sigqk<kqb!ngimlq!uqVKohx<xK/!!→ oke<xz<?! Lz<jz?! g{<{kise<?! gckl<?! klqp<lzI! Ngqbju! -uI!!! fmk<kqb!-kp<gt<!→ fie<!fqvf<kvlieue<!npqukqz<jz!! wf<k!fqjzbqZl<!weg<G!lv{lqz<jz!→ wjkBl<!kir<Gl<!-kbl<!-Vf<kiz<!! -Xkqujvg<Gl<!njlkq!-Vg<Gl<!→ wz<ziVl<!wz<ziLl<!ohxOu{<Ml<!.!-r<G!!! -z<zijl!-z<zik!fqjz!Ou{<Ml<!→ d{<jljbs<!osiz<zq!fe<jljbs<!osb<kiz<!!! dzgl<!de<eqml<!lbr<Gl<!!

dMljz!fivib{silqdMljz!fivib{silqdMljz!fivib{silqdMljz!fivib{silq

→ kqjvh<hmh<!himzisqiqbI!–!fimgwPk<kitI!→ hGk<kxqUg<!guqvibI!weh<!Ohix<xh<hMhuI!→ ofes<sjk!wz<zil<!wPkq!us<sK!! nf<kg<gizl<!.!wjkBl<!! Ofiqz<!hiIk<Ok!fqs<sbqh<hK!! -f<kg<gizl<!.!Nli!.!-f<kg<gizl<!!

!!!!

hm<Mg<Ogim<jm!gz<bi{Sf<kvl<hm<Mg<Ogim<jm!gz<bi{Sf<kvl<hm<Mg<Ogim<jm!gz<bi{Sf<kvl<hm<Mg<Ogim<jm!gz<bi{Sf<kvl<

→ ohiKUjmjlg<!gVk<Kg<gjth<!himz<!+zl<!hvh<hqbuI!→ lg<gt<!guqRI!→ osr<gh<hMk<kie<!giM!–!Diqz<!hqxf<kuI!→ osb<Bl<!okipqOz!okb<ul<!.!nf<kk<!! kqxjlkie<!flK!osz<ul<!→ Kir<giOk!kl<hq!Kir<giOk!→ kqVmiOk!–!kl<hq!–!kqVmiOk!→ sqe<eh<hbOz!sqe<eh<hbOz!–!Oskq!Ogtmi!!

lVkgisqlVkgisqlVkgisqlVkgisq

→ kqjvg<guqk<!kqzgl<!.!hm<ml<ohx<xuI!→ 2:79-z<!gjzlil{q!uqVKohx<xiI/!!→ hqxf<kDI!Olzg<GcgiM!→ WI!-j{g<G!Ofiqr<Og!wKUOl!-z<jz!→ l{h<hijx!liMgm<c!→ yx<Xjlbib<!uip<ukiOz!d{<Mfe<jlOb!!

f/!hqs<s&Ik<kqf/!hqs<s&Ik<kqf/!hqs<s&Ik<kqf/!hqs<s&Ik<kq

→ -bx<ohbI!–!Our<gm!lgizqr<gl<!→ DI!–!Gl<hOgi{l<!→ upg<GjvRvigUl<?!Ogiuqz<!fqIuig!nZuzvigUl<!h{qbix<xqbuI!→ gjkgt<?! lvHg<guqjkgt<?! HKg<guqjkgt<! Fiz<! .! gqtqg<%{<M?!!! gqtqg<GR<S?!h,g<giiq?!upqk<Kj{!!

sqx<hqsqx<hqsqx<hqsqx<hq

→ LPh<ohbI!sqx<hqhizSh<hqvl{qbl<!→ Fiz<gt<! .! fqzUh<h,?! sqiqk<k! Lk<Kg<gt<?! si<h<hbigl<?! oltelbg<gr<gt<?!!! yV!gqvilk<K!fkq!–!sigqk<kqb!ngimlq!uqVKohx<xFiz<!!!!!

www.Padasalai.Net



!!!!

!!!!

klqpe<he<klqpe<he<klqpe<he<klqpe<he<

→ -bx<ohbI!osgkQse<?!=Ovim<jms<!siIf<kuI!→ u{g<gl<!ut<Tu!–!sigqk<kqb!ngimlq!uqVKohx<x!Fiz<!→ Oki{q!uVgqxK!–!kQUgt<!gjvObXgqe<xe?!$iqbh<!hqjxgt<!!!!!

sijz!-tf<kqjvbe<sijz!-tf<kqjvbe<sijz!-tf<kqjvbe<sijz!-tf<kqjvbe<

→ kqz<zq!hz<gjzg<gpgk<kqz<!klqp<k<Kjxk<!kjzuvig!-Vf<kuI!→ dzgk<! klqp<! Nvib<s<sqg<gpgl<?! -f<kqbh<! hz<gjzg<gpgk<! klqpisqiqbi<!!! le<xl<?! dzgk<klqp<h<! h{<him<M! -bg<gl<! .! Ngqbju! Okie<xg<!!! giv{lieuI!→ klqpg!nvsqe<!hiOuf<kI!uqVKohx<xuI!→ Fiz<gt<!.!h,k<kK!liXml<!.!Hvm<sq!Lpg<gl<?!djvuQs<S!

................!!!!!

klqpqz<!gck!-zg<gqbl<klqpqz<!gck!-zg<gqbl<klqpqz<!gck!-zg<gqbl<klqpqz<!gck!-zg<gqbl<

L/u/L/u/L/u/L/u/!!!!

→ kl<hqg<G!kr<jgg<G!we<he!-uvK!gck!-zg<gqb!Fiz<gt<!→ uip<g<jg!Ljxgjt!uqtg<gqg<!%XuiI!→ klqpqz<!OhS?!klqpqz<!wPK!we!uzqBXk<KgqxiI!→ ohiK!fzk<kqx<gigg<!gm<Mh<hMkz<?!gQp<h<hckz<?!oki{<Mosb<kz<!.!!! -ux<jxh<!ohVjlbigg<!gVK!we<gqxiI!!!!!

Nef<kvr<gl<!hqt<jt!Nef<kvr<gl<!hqt<jt!Nef<kvr<gl<!hqt<jt!Nef<kvr<gl<!hqt<jt!–!fim<Gxqh<H!fim<Gxqh<H!fim<Gxqh<H!fim<Gxqh<H

→ -uvK!fim<Gxqh<H!–!YI!-zg<gqbl<!.!uvzix<X!Nu{l<!→ HKjubqz<!kquieigh<!hq{bix<xqbuI!→ Kb<h<otg<g!–!hqvR<S!NTfiqml<!Khisqbigh<!h{qbix<xqeiI!→ fim<Gxqh<Hg<G!kqeh<hc!osb<kqg<Gxqh<H?!osi <̂kuqgqkl<!we<Ox!ohbiqm<miI!→ klK! fim<Gxqh<hqz<! kf<jk! –! lgt<! dxU?! ohbiqbuIgjt! lkqg<Gl<! h{<H?!!! Ogibqz<! kqVuqpig<gt<?! hpg<gupg<gr<gt<?! smr<Ggt<! .! Ngqbux<jxh<!!! hkqf<Kt<tii/!!→ le<SOhkiI!–!hm<ml<!.!LshIsir<!upr<gqeiI!→ dzg! fim<Gxqh<hqe<! Le<Oeic! ohh<hqS/! nujvh<Ohie<X! -uI! klqpqz<!!! fim<Gxqh<H! wPkqbkiz<! -f<kqbiuqe<! ohh<hqS?! fim<Gxqh<H! Ouf<kI! weh<!!! Ohix<xh<hMgqxiI/!!→ jm^<! .! -zk<kQe<! osiz<! .! fit<<! we<hK! ohiVt</! -kqzqVf<K! jmiqbl<!!! wEl<!-zk<kQe<!osiz<uf<kK/!-s<osiz<Zg<G!fim<Gxqh<H!we<hK!ohiVt</!→ Nef<kvr<gI!hx<xq!outquf<Kt<t!Fiz<gt<!

2* Nef<kvr<gI!Ogiju!–!kqbigvis!OksqgI!3* Nef<kvr<ge<!keqh<himz<gt<!4* gt<ue<!ofi{<cs<!sqf<K!5* Nef<kvr<ge!hqt<jtk<klqp<!.!niqlkq!oke<!6* Nef<kvr<gI!Hkqer<gt<!7* Nef<kvr<g!uq\bsl<H!–!sQequisg<guq!8* Nef<kvr<g!vil<sf<kL!–!g^<Kiiqvr<gg<!guq!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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!!!!!!!!gjzgt<gjzgt<gjzgt<gjzgt< kqjvh<hmg<gjzkqjvh<hmg<gjzkqjvh<hmg<gjzkqjvh<hmg<gjz!!!!

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� Kjyh« knfªâut®k‹ - á¤âufhu¥òÈ. ït® j£áz á¤âu« v‹D« XÉa üY¡F ciu vGâíŸsh®.

� gšyt®fhy XÉa§fŸ cŸs ïl§fŸ : gdkiy, âUkiy, khkšy¥òu¡ Fif¡ nfhÉš, khk©^®, fhŠá¡ ifyhrehj® nfhÉš.

� òJ¡nfh£il mUnf - á¤j‹dthrš Fif¡ nfhÉš XÉa§fŸ - mtÅg nrfu $ tšyg‹ v‹w gh©oa k‹d‹ fhy¤âš - kJiu MáÇa® ïs« bfsjkdhš tiua¥g£lit.

� nrhH®fhy XÉa§fŸ - jŠir¥ bgÇanfhÉÈš - fÆiy¡ fh£á, át‹ K¥òu« vÇ¤j fh£á, Rªjuiu¤ jL¤jhS« nfhy«, eh£oa kfË®, khk‹d® ïuhruhr‹, fUñ®¤njt® KjÈa XÉa§fŸ.

� Éra efu eha¡f k‹d®fË‹ XÉa§fŸ - âUtu§f«, âU¥gâ, âšiy, âUth%®, Flªij, kJiu, fhŠá ngh‹w ïl§fËš cŸsd.

v£lh« tF¥ò - ciueil¥gFâ

� Ãf©LfËš gHikahdJ nrªj‹ âthfu«, ïj‹ MáÇa® âthfu®.

� k©ly òUl® ïa‰¿aJ NlhkÂ Ãf©L

� âU_yÇ‹ âUkªâu¤âš mfuhâ vD« brhš Kj‹Kjyhf ïl« bg‰WŸsJ.

� åukh KÅtÇ‹ rJufuhâ - Kjš mfuKjÈ. ïâš bga®, bghUŸ, bjhif, bjhil vd eh‹F tiffËš És¡f« ju¥g£LŸsJ.

(rJ® = eh‹F)

� åukh KÅt® cUth¡»a mfu KjÈfŸ jÄœ - ïy¤Ô‹ mfuhâ ïy¤Ô‹ - jÄœ mfuhâ jÄœ - ãuŠR mfuhâ ãuŠR - jÄœ mfuhâ ngh®¤JÑáa« - ïy¤Ô‹ - jÄœ mfuhâ

� ãw mfu KjÈfŸ jÄœ - jÄœ mfuhâ - byÉ - °ghšo° jÄœ¢ brhšyfuhâ - ahœ¥ghz« fâiu ntydh® jÄœ¥ ngufuhâ - F¥òrhÄ

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jÄœ mfuhâ - ïuhkehj‹ (gl¤Jl‹ btË tªj Kjš mfuhâ) j‰fhy¤jÄœ¢ brhšyfuhâ - gthdªj« jÄœ - jÄœ mfuKjÈ - K. r©Kf« br‹id¥ gšfiy¡ fHf mfuhâ - 20 M« ü‰wh©oš btËtªj Äf¥bgÇa mfu KjÈ (ïJ jÄœ by¡ÌfŸ bgaÇš 6 bjhFâfshf cŸsJ)

� fiy¡fsŠáa§fŸ K‹ndho mãjhdnfhr« (1902 š btËahdJ)

� mãjhd áªjhkÂ - 1934 - á§fhuntY KjÈah® bjhF¤jJ.

� jÄœ ts®¢á¡ fiy¡ fsŠáa«, ïRyhÄa¡ fiy¡fsŠáa§fis btËÆ£LŸsJ.

� fiy¡fâ® ÃWtd« - bghJm¿î, csÉaš, òÉÆaš, òŸËÆaš, tuyhW, thdÉaš KjÈa JiwfËš mfu KjÈfŸ - 1960 ïš btËtªJŸsd.

� brªjÄœ brh‰ãw¥ãaš ngufuKjÈia cUth¡»at® njtnea¥ ghthz®.

� kzit K°jgh - m¿Éaš Jiw rh®ªj fiy¢brhš mfuKjÈia btËÆ£LŸsh®.

� ntYeh¢áah® - (1730) bg‰nwh® - bršyK¤J nrJgâ - r¡fªâ K¤jh¤jhŸ.

� ntYeh¢áahÇ‹ fzt® K¤JtLfehj® - átf§if¥ nghÇš (1772) cÆÇHªjh®.

� mŠriya«khŸ (1890) flÿÇš ãwªjh®.

� fhªâaofŸ mŠriya«khis¤ bj‹dh£o‹ #h‹ÌuhÂ vd¥ ngh‰¿dh®.

� mŠriya«khŸ kfS¡F¡ fhªâaofŸ ï£l¥ bga® äyhtâ

� m«ò#¤j«khŸ - (1899) ït® fhªâaofshš j¤bjL¡f¥£l kfŸ vd miH¡f¥g£lh®.

� m«ò#¤j«khŸ ÃWÉa bjh©L ÃWtd« - ÓÅthr fhªâ Ãiya«.

� m«ò#¤j«khŸ - eh‹ f©lghuj« v‹w üiy vGâíŸsh®.

� 1964 ïš k¤âa muR ïtU¡F jhkiu¤âU (g¤k$) ÉUJ tH§»aJ.

� fijia, Ãfœ¢áia, cz®it eo¤J¡ fh£LtJ«, T¤jhf Mo¡fh£LtJ« ehlf« v‹g®. ïjid¡ T¤J¡fiy v‹W« TWt®.

� eh£oa«, ehlf« - bghJ¢brhš - T¤J

� eh£oa¤â‰F«, ehlf¤â‰F« ïy¡fz« tF¤j g©ila jÄœ üšfŸ : KWtš, raªj«, brÆ‰¿a«, kâthz® ehlf¤ jÄœ üš, És¡f¤jh® T¤J, Fzüš, T¤J üš.

� ehlf¡fiy, fh£á¤âiu, ehlf mu§»‹ mik¥ò g‰¿¡ TW»wJ áy¥gâfhu«.

� gÇâkh‰ fiyP® - ehlfÉaš üš - ehlf¤â‰FÇa ïy¡fz« TW« üš.

� RthÄ Éòyhdªj® - kj§f NshkÂ ehlf MuhŒ¢á üšfŸ kiwkiyaofŸ - rhFªjy«

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� g«kš r«gªjdh® - ehlf¤jÄœ üÈš bjhÊš Kiw ehlf mu§Ffis¥ g‰¿¡ T¿íŸsh®.

� knfªâut®k gšyt‹ vGâaJ k¤jÉyhr« ehlf«

� ïuhruhr nrhH‹ M£á¡fhy¤âš (11M« ü‰wh©L) ïuhruhnr¢Rtu ehlf« eilbg‰wJ.

� eha¡f k‹d®fË‹ M£áÆ‹ nghJ FwtŠá ehlf§fŸ njh‹¿d.

� gŸS ehlf tif - cHt®fË‹ thœ¡ifia¡ F¿¥ãLtJ.

� ïuhkehlf« - mUzh¢ry¡ fÉuha®, e¤jdh® rÇ¤âu« - nfhghy »U£odghuâah®.

� nguháÇa® Rªjudh® - kndh‹kÂa« - fÉij ehlf¡ fh¥ãa« 1891 ïš btËahdJ. ïJ yh®L È£l‹ vGâa kiwtÊ v‹D« M§»y¡fijÆ‹ jGtyhF«.

� fjÇ‹ bt‰¿ - jÄœeh£oš Kj‹ Kjyhf el¤j¥g£l njáa r_f ehlf«.

� ehlf cy»‹ ïkakiy r§fujhR RthÄfŸ jÄœehlf¤ jiyikaháÇa®

� r§fujhR RthÄfŸ vGâa áy ehlf§fŸ : ãufyhj‹, áW¤bjh©l‹, ïytFrh, gts¡bfho, mãk‹ô, RªjÇ.

� jÄœ ehlf¤ jªij - g«kš r«gªj KjÈah®

� jÄœehlf kWky®¢á¤ jªij - fªjrhÄ

� nr¡°ãaÇ‹ M§»y ehlf§fis bkhÊ bga®¤jt® g«kš r«gªjdh®.

� ïtuJ kndhfuh ehlf« òfœbg‰wJ.

� xsitah® ehlf« - xsitahuhf eo¤jt® â.f. r©Kfdh® ™- vdnt xsit r©Kfdh® v‹wiH¡f¥g£lh®.

� 15M« ü‰wh©oš cyf« cU©ilahdJ v‹W T¿at® Ã¡nfhy° »uh¥°

� 16M« ü‰wh©oš fÈänah cyf« cU©ilahdJ vd¤ bjhiy neh¡»ahš f©Lão¤J¡ T¿dh®.

� th‹btËÆš Äf¥bgÇa É©Û‹ PhÆW

� PhÆ‰iw¢ R‰¿a ghijia PhÆW t£l« vd¥ gHªjÄH® T¿ajhf¥ òweh}W fh£L»wJ. brŠPhÆ‰W¢ bryî« mŠPhÆ‰W¥ gÇ¥ò« gÇ¥ò¢ Nœªj k©oyK« (òw« - 30)

� jhnd xËÉL« PhÆW - ehŸ Û‹ PhÆ‰¿lÄUªJ xËbg‰W xËÉLtJ - nfhŸÛ‹

� áy«ò, kÂnkfiy - th‹tÊ¥ gaz¡F¿¥ò Ót áªjhkÂ - kÆ‰bgh¿Ékhd« f«guhkhaz« - ò£gfÉkhd« bgU§fij - th}®âÆ‹ tot« g‰¿¡ TW»‹wd.

� cyf« cU©ilahdJ vd¡T¿a Kjš jÄœ¡Fuš âUtŸStUilaJ.

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� thš e£r¤âu« jÄœ ïy¡»a§fËš öknfJ vd¡ F¿¥ãl¥g£LŸsJ.

� k‹Å¥ò - cUJ¢brhš - T¿at® njtnea¥ ghthz®.

� jÄiH¤ jiH¡f¢ brŒj br«kš kiwkiyaofŸ. jÄiH Mbyd ts®¤J kh©òw¢ brŒjt® njtnea¥ ghthz®.

� cyf Kj‹bkhÊ jÄœ. ïªâa bkhÊfS¡F _yK«, ntU« jÄœ. âuhÉl bkhÊfS¡F¤ jhŒbkhÊ jÄœ - MŒî brŒJ ÃWÉat® njtnea¥ ghthz®.

� ghthzÇ‹ bg‰nwh® - PhdK¤J - gÇóuz« C® : r§fu‹nfhÉš, fhy« : 7.2.1902 - 15.1.1981 áw¥ò¥ bga®fŸ : brªjÄœ¢ bršt®, brªjÄœ PhÆW, jÄœ¥ bgU§fhty®.

� cy»‹ Kjš kÅj‹ jÄH‹, jÄH‹ njh‹¿a ïl« FkÇ¡f©l« v‹gJ«, bkhfŠrjhnuh, ghthz® MŒî¥ mu¥gh ehfÇf«, gHªjÄH® ehfÇf« v‹gJ« òy¤â‹ ïU f©fŸ

� jÄiH tlbkhÊ tšyh©ikÆÅ‹W« Û£gj‰fhfnt ïiwt‹ v‹id¥ gil¤jh‹ - vd¡ T¿at® ghthz®.

� nfhÉšfËš jÄÊš tÊghL ãw¥ò, ghthz® tÈíW¤âdh® ïw¥ò rl§FfŸ jÄÊš

� ghthzuJ üšfŸ : jÄœ tuyhW, Kjš jhŒbkhÊ, jÄœeh£L Éisah£LfŸ, jÄH® âUkz«, tlbkhÊ tuyhW, jÄH® kj«, k©Âny É©, g©il¤ jÄH® ehfÇfK« g©ghL«, ca®ju¡ f£Liu ïy¡fz«, brhšyhuhŒ¢á¡ f£LiufŸ, âU¡FwŸ kuòiu.

� kJiuÆš 5.1.1918 ïš cyf¤jÄœ khehL eilbg‰wJ. ïâš ghthz® khªj‹ njh‰wK«, kuò« vD« jiy¥ãš brh‰bghÊth‰¿dh®.

x‹gjh« tF¥ò - ciueil¥ gFâ

� ïªâahÉš ngr¥gL« bkhÊfŸ - eh‹F bkhÊ¡ FL«g§fŸ : bkhÊÆaš m¿P® T‰W 1. ïªnjh - Máa bkhÊfŸ

2. âuhÉl bkhÊfŸ

3. M°ânuh - Máa bkhÊfŸ

4. Ód - âbg¤âa bkhÊfŸ

� ïªâa eh£il bkhÊfË‹ fh£á¢rhiy vd¡T¿at® nguháÇa® r. mf¤âaÈ§f«

� âuhÉl bkhÊfŸ - 3 tif

1. bj‹ âuhÉl bkhÊfŸ jÄœ, kiyahs«, f‹dl«, FlF, JS, njhlh, nfh¤jh, bfhufh, ïUsh

2. eL¤âuhÉl bkhÊfŸ bjY§F, nfh©o, nfhah, TÆ, TÉ, nfhyhÄ, g®Í, f¤gh, nfh©lh, eha¡» bg§nfh, #jî.

3. tlâuhÉl bkhÊfŸ F%®, khšnjh, ãuhFš.

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� jÄœ, bjY§F, kiyahs«, f‹dl« (4) - âuhÉl¥ bgUbkhÊfŸ

� âuhÉl« v‹D« brhšiy¥ ga‹gh£L¡F¡ bfh©L tªjt® fhšLbtš

� fhšLbtš MŒî - âuhÉl bkhÊfË‹ x¥ãy¡fz«.

� âuhÉl vD« brhš jÄœ vD« brhšÈÈUªJ cUthdJ v‹gh® <uh° ghâÇah®.

� ãwbkhÊfŸ njh‹¿ tsu mo¥gilahF« bkhÊ _ybkhÊ xU _ybkhÊÆš ïUªJ njh‹¿ tsU« bkhÊ »isbkhÊ.

� âuhÉl bkhÊfŸ mid¤â‰F« _ybkhÊahf Kj‹ KjÈš jÅ¤J ts®ªj bkhÊ jÄœ.

� ghuâÆ‹ fÉijfŸ ïªâa xUik¥ghL g‰¿ait. jÄœ ts®¢á¡F tÊ TWgit

� ghuâjhr‹ fÉijfŸ - jÄœ, jÄH®, jÄGz®î, rKjha kWky®¢á, bg©zoik, âuhÉl ïa¡f¢ áªjid, bghJîilik g‰¿ait.

� ehk¡fš fÉP® - fhªâa¡ fÉP®.

� ctik¡ fÉP® vd¥ ngh‰w¥gLgt® Rujh.

� mbkÇ¡f¡ fÉP® thš£É£k‹ rhaÈš ghuâah® trd fÉijfis¥ gil¤jh®.

� kÂ¡bfho fhy¡fÉP®fŸ : e.ã¢r_®¤â, òJik¥ã¤j‹, F.g. ïuhrnfhghy‹, f.eh.R¥ãukÂa‹.

� vG¤J ïjÊ‹ gil¥ghs®fŸ : v°. it¤Ô°tu‹, jUK átuhK, kÂ, á.R. bršy¥gh.

� thd«gho¡ fÉP®fŸ : òÉauR, f§if bfh©lh‹, á‰ã, jÄœehl‹, m¡»Å¥ ò¤âu‹, r¡â¡fdš, K. nk¤jh, ïuåªâu‹, jÄH‹g‹, PhÅ, gh.bra¥ãufhr«, ãugŠr‹, ghyh, nfh. uh#huh«.

� ÃidÉš bfhŸs¤j¡f áy fÉijfŸ 1. K¥gJ nfho KfKilahŸ - cÆ® bkhŒ«òw x‹WilahŸ br¥òbkhÊ gâbd£LilahŸ - vÅ‰ áªjid x‹WilahŸ - ghuâah®

2. ïwthj òfGila òJ üšfŸ jÄœbkhÊÆš ïa‰wš nt©L« - ghuâah®

3. v§fŸ gift® v§nfh kiwªjh® ï§FŸs jÄH®fŸ x‹whjš f©nl - ghuâjhr‹

4. všyh®¡F« všyh« v‹¿U¥gjhd ïl« neh¡» el¡»‹w âªjita« - ghuâjhr‹

5. k§ifauhf¥ ãw¥gj‰nf ešy khjt« brŒâl nt©Lk«kh - fÉkÂ

6. jÄH‹ v‹nwh® ïdK©L jÅna mt‰bfhU FzK©L - ehk¡fš fÉP®

7. if¤bjhÊš x‹iw¡ f‰W¡bfhŸ ftiy cd¡»šiy x¤J¡ bfhŸ - ehk¡fš fÉP®

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8. âiuflš Xoí« âuÉa« njL - xsitah®

9. ahJ« Cnu ahtU« nfË® - fÂa‹ ó§F‹wdh®

� bjhšfh¥ãa¤âš, gHªjÄH® ãwehLfS¡F¡ fl‰gaz« nk‰bfh©l brŒâ KªÚ® tH¡f« vd¡ F¿¡f¥g£LŸsJ.

� bjhšfh¥ãa« - bghUŸ tÆ‰ãÇî 2 tif - fhÈš ãÇî, fy¤âš ãÇî.

� jÄH® »nu¡fiuí« cnuhkhÅaiuí« atd® vd miH¤jd®.

� fliy¡ F¿¡F« brh‰fŸ : MÊ, M®fÈ, KªÚ®, thuz«, bgst«, guit, òzÇ.

� ku¡fy¤ij¡ F¿¡F« brh‰fŸ : f¥gš, fy«, f£Lku«, ehthŒ, glF, gÇáš, òiz, njhÂ, bj¥g«, âÄš, m«ã, t§f«, Äjit, g~¿, Xl«

� flÈš bršY« bgÇa f¥gš ehthŒ vd¥gL«.

� jÄHf¤â‹ K¡»a¤ JiwKf§fŸ : 3

1. fhÉÇ¥ó«g£od« : nrhH® JiwKf«, glod¥gh¡f« - fl‰fiu C®, tÂf®fŸ thœªjd®.

2. Ká¿ : nru® JiwKf«. mU»š RŸË MW ghŒ»wJ. atd®fŸ bgh‹id¡ bfhL¤J <lhf Äsif¥ bg‰W¢ br‹wd® - mfeh}W rh‹W

3. bfh‰if : gh©oa‹ JiwKf« - K¤J¡FË¤jš áw¥ò. ïij kh®¡nfhnghnyh F¿¥ã£LŸsh®. kJiu¡fhŠá, áWghzh‰W¥ gil M»ait bfh‰if K¤âid¢ áw¥ã¡»‹wd. ÉisªJ Kâ®ªj ÉGK¤J vd kJiu¡fhŠá TW»wJ.

� jÄHf¤âÈUªJ V‰Wkâahd bghUŸfŸ : ïu¤âd«, K¤J, itu«, ÄsF, fU§fhÈ, fUkUJ, nj¡F, rªjd«, bt©J»š, mÇá, Vy¡fhŒ, ïyt§f¥g£il, ïŠá.

� Mdªju§f«, JŒ¥bs¡ v‹D« ãuŠR MSeU¡F bkhÊbga®¥ghsuhf (Jghá) ÃaÄ¡f¥g£lh®.

� Mdªju§f® Vw¤jhH 25 M©LfŸ ehŸF¿¥ò vGâíŸsh®. ïJ âd¥go¢ brŒâ¡F¿¥ò, brh°j É»j« vd¥gL»wJ.

� Mdªju§f® ïªâahÉ‹ bg¥ãR v‹W« eh£F¿¥ò ntªj® vdî« ngh‰w¥gL»wh®.

� Mdªju§fÇŸ eh£F¿¥ò - X® ïy¡»a«, tuyh‰W Mtz«, g©gh£L¥ gântL.

� fšnjh‹¿ k©njh‹wh¡ fhy¤nj, thbshL K‹ njh‹¿a _¤jFo v‹»wJ IadhÇjdh® vGâa òw¥bghUŸ bt©gh khiy.

� cy»š 154 ehLfËš jÄÊd« guÉíŸsJ.

� òJ¢nrÇ, á§f¥ó®, bkhÇáaR, knyáah, ãÍ¤ÔîfŸ, bj‹ mbkÇ¡fh,

fdlh, ãÇ£l‹ M»a ehLfËš jÄœ f‰ã¡f¥gL»wJ.

� jÄG¡F mU« gÂah‰¿a btËeh£lt®fŸ : #h®{ vš. Ah®£, bfsšah Ah®£, á«È©£ nAh«, ïªâuh, eh®k‹, Ahšá¥nk‹, Fnsh¤â, n#«° ãuh§nfh.

� rhJt‹ flš thÂf« nk‰bfh©lh‹ vD« F¿¥ò kÂnkfiyÆš cŸsJ.

� gáÆ‹ bfhLikia¥ gá¥ãÂ v‹D« ghÉ v‹»wJ kÂnkfiy¡ fh¥ãa«.

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� c©obfhL¤njh® cÆ®bfhL¤njhnu - òweh}W, kÂnkfiy.

� czÉš kŠrŸ - rËia Ú¡F«

bfh¤jkšÈ - ã¤j¤ij¥ ngh¡F«

Óuf« - tÆ‰W¢ N£il¤ jÂ¡F«

ÄsF - bjh©il¡ f£il¥ ngh¡F«

ó©L - gáia c©lh¡F«

bt§fha« - FUâia¤ öŒik¥gL¤J«

� Ûö© ÉU«ngš - xsit - M¤â¢No

� cl«ig ts®¤nj‹ cÆ® ts®¤njnd - âU_y®

� fhkuhr® - ÉUJef® - 15.7.1903 ïš ãwªjh®, bg‰nwh® FkhurhÄ -átfhÄ.

� fhkuhr® bkŒf©lh‹ ò¤jf rhiy¡F¢ br‹W, byÅ‹, fÇghšo, be¥nghÈa‹ M»nahÇ‹ thœ¡if tuyhWfis¥ go¤j¿ªjh®.

� fhkuhrÇ‹ muáaš FU r¤âa_®¤â

� fhkuhr® Kj‹ Kjyhf 1937 ïš r£lk‹w cW¥ãduhf¤ nj®ªbjL¡f¥g£lh®.

� fhkuhr® - 1939 - jÄœehL fh§»u° f£áÆ‹ jiytuhdh®.

� fhkuhr® - 1954 ïš jÄHf¤â‹ Kjyik¢r® Mdh®.

� fhkuhr® M£á¡ fhy¤âš jÄHf¤âš T£Lwî¢ r§f§fŸ ïšyhj á‰ù®fns ïšiy vD« Ãiy cUthdJ.

� fhkuhrU¡F eLtzuR ghuj u¤dh ÉUJ tH§»¢ áw¥ã¤JŸsJ.

� fhkuhr® ãwªj ehis fšÉ ts®¢á ehshf¤ jÄHf muR m¿É¤JŸsJ.

� âšiyaho tŸËa«ik ãwªj C®, bj‹M¥ãÇ¡fhÉš n#hf‹°g®¡ efu«. bg‰nwh® KDrhÄ - k§fs«. âšiyaho ïtÇ‹ jhah® ãwªj C®.

� v‹Dila rnfhjÇÆ‹ kuz¤ijÉlî«, tŸËa«ikÆ‹ kuz« vd¡F¥ ngÇoahf ïUªjJ - v‹W T¿at® fhªâaofŸ.

� fh‰W k©ly¤âš cÆ®tË, c¥òtËfS«, ãwtËfS« cŸsd.

� cÆÇd§fŸ thG« gFâÆš cŸs Ãy«, Ú®, fh‰W ngh‹wit ml§»a Ãiy R‰W¢NHš vd¥gL«.

� nkštË k©ly¤âš cŸs cÆ®tË¥ gly« (Xnrh‹) cÆ®fŸ brÊ¡f ïa‰if jªJŸs ghJfh¥ò muzhF«.

� cÆ®tË¥gly¤ij¢ áij¥gâš Fnshnuh ~òSnuh fh®g‹ bgU«g§F t»¡»wJ.

g¤jh« tF¥ò - ciueil¥gFâ

� åWil br«bkhÊ jÄœbkhÊ cyf« nt%‹¿a ehŸ Kjš cÆ®bkhÊ- vd¡ T¿at® ghtynuW bgUŠá¤âudh®.

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� âUªâa g©ò« Ó®¤j ehfÇfK« bghUªâa öŒbkhÊ jÄœ¢ br«bkhÊah« - gÇâkh‰fiyP®

� jÄœ¢ br«bkhÊ - gâdhW br›Éaš j‹ikfis¡ bfh©lJ.

� xUbkhÊ Ãiy¤J Ã‰f - ng¢RbkhÊahf, vG¤J bkhÊahf, M£á bkhÊahf, Úâk‹w bkhÊahf, gÆ‰WbkhÊahf ïU¡f nt©L«.

� br«bkhÊ¤ jFâ¥ghLfŸ : 11 bjh‹ik, ãwbkhÊ¤ jh¡fÄ‹ik, jhŒik, jÅ¤j‹ik, ïy¡»a, ïy¡fzts«, bghJik¥g©ò, eLîÃiyik, g©ghL, fiy g£l¿î btË¥ghL, ca® áªjid, fiy ïy¡»a¤ jÅ¤j‹ik, bkhÊ¡ nfh£ghL.

� ãwbkhÊ¢ brh‰fis Ú¡»dhY« ïÅâ‹ ïa§f tšyJ jÄœ x‹nw.

� jÄœ, âuhÉl bkhÊfshd f‹dl«, bjY§F, kiyahs«, JSt« M»a bkhÊfS¡F¤ jhŒbkhÊahf¤ âfœ»wJ.

� bjhšfh¥ãa« bjh‹ikahd üš. ïJ, vG¤J, brhš, bghUŸ M»a _‹wD¡F« ïy¡fz« TW»wJ.

� ï‹iwa bkhÊÆaš tšYe®fŸ ngÂ ã‹g‰w¤j¡f tÊKiwfis¤ bjhšfh¥ãa« TW»wJ. - Kidt® vÄndh

� eLtzuR 2004M« M©L m¡nlhgÇš jÄG¡F¢ br«bkhÊahf V‰gË¤jJ.

� "bjh©L brŒJ gG¤j gH« öajho kh®ãš ÉG« k©il¢ Ru¥ig cyF bjhG« kd¡FifÆš áW¤ij vG« -ghuâjhr‹ jªij bgÇahiu¥ g‰¿ ï›thW F¿¥ã£LŸsh®.

� bg©fS¡fhd mo¥gil¤ njitfŸ : bg© fšÉ, bg©QÇik, brh¤JÇik, muR¥gÂ

� bg©fËilna mf‰w¥gl nt©oait : FHªij¤ âUkz«, kz¡bfhil, if«ik thœî

� m«ng¤fh® 14.4.1891 ïš bfh§f© kht£l¤âš m«gthnl v‹D« á‰ùÇš ïuh«Í r¡ghš - ÕkhghŒ M»nahU¡F kfdhf¥ ãwªjh®.

� ÕkhuhÉ‹ MáÇa® m«ng¤fh®, MáÇa® bgaiuna j« bgauhf¡ bfh©lh®.

� m«ng¤fh® všã‹°l‹ gŸË - gŸË¥go¥ò všã‹°l‹ fšÿÇ - ïs§fiy¥g£l« mbkÇ¡fh, bfhy«ãah gšfiy¡fHf« - KJfiy¥g£l« ïy©l‹ - Kidt® g£l« bg‰wh®.

� 1930 M©L - t£lnki# khehL - "miu tÆ‰W¡ fŠá¡F mšy‰gL« CikfË‹ cW¥ãduhf eh‹ ngR»nw‹" -vd¥ ng¢ir¤ bjhl§»at® m«ng¤fh®.

� m«ng¤fÇ‹ mÇa Ka‰áÆš cUthdJ á¤jh®¤jh ca®fšÉ Ãiya«.

� ïªâa muR 1990 M©oš (ïwªjã‹) m«ng¤fhU¡F ghuj u¤dh ÉUJ tH§»aJ.

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� nkil¥ ng¢áš k¡fis <®¤jt®fŸ : jÄœ¤ bj‹wš âU.É.f, ngu¿P® m©zh, uh.ã. nrJ¥ãŸis, ehty® nrhkRªju ghuâah®, F‹w¡Fo mofsh®.

� âiu¥gl« vL¡f¥ ga‹gL« gl¢RUŸ bršYyhŒL.

� Kjš khªj‹ njh‹¿a ïby_Çah - kÅj ehfÇf¤ bjh£oš.

� kJiu¤ jÄœr§f« g‰¿ -- jÄœbfG Tlš v‹W òweh}W« - jÄœntÈ vd¥ gÇghlY« TlÈš MŒªj x©Ôª jÄÊ‹ v‹W kÂthrfK« F¿¥ã£LŸsd.

� jÄœeh£o‹ JiwKf efu§fËÈUªJ thÂf¥ bghUŸfŸ V‰WkâahdJ g‰¿ g£od¥ghiy, kJiu¡fhŠá M»ait TW»‹wd.

� ghz‹, ghoÅ, T¤j‹, ÉwÈ - ïaÈir ehlf¡ fiyP®fŸ

� "g©bzhL jÄbHh¥ghŒ" v‹gJ njthu«. g©Q« jÄG« ãÇ¡f Koahjbjh‹W v‹W TW»wJ.

� "Ô«ãÊ vªâu« gªjš tUªj" v‹W fU«ò ãÊí« vªâu« g‰¿ gâ‰W¥ g¤J TW»wJ.

� Ãy¤â‹ j‹ik g‰¿ ïy¡»a§fŸ. 1. br«k© Ãy« - br«òy¥bgaš Ú® - FWªbjhif

2. ct®Ãy« - mfštaš bghÊªJ« cWÄl¤Jjth ct®Ãy« - òweh}W.

3. fs®Ãy« - gath¡ fsuida® fšyhjt® - âUtŸSt®

� mQg‰¿ 1. mQit¤ Jis¤J Vœfliy¥òf£o - xsit

2. X® mQÉid¢ rjT¿£l nfhÂD« cs‹ - f«g®

� clš cWâahŒ ïU¥gj‰F thj«, ã¤j«, Ój« ï«_‹¿‹ rkÃiyna fhuzkhF« - âUtŸSt®

� mf¤âa®, njiua®, nghf®, òÈ¥ghÂ - kU¤Jt üšfŸ jªj á¤j®fŸ.

� fhªâaofŸ "áutz ãJ®g¤â" v‹D« ehlf üiy¥ go¤jã‹d®, jkJ bg‰nwhÇl« ÄFªj m‹ò brY¤âdh®.

� fhªâaofŸ jh« xU r¤âathdhf ïU¡f nt©L« vd cWâ bfhŸs¡ fhuz« - mÇ¢rªâu‹ ehlf« gh®¤jJ.

� t‹Kiwia t‹Kiwahš btšy Ãid¥gJ Ôia¤ Ôahš miz¡f K‰gLtJ ngh‹wJ vd¡T¿at® - fhªâaofŸ.

� ïuhkÈ§f® 5.10.1823 ïš kUöÇš ïuhikah - á‹d«ik M»nahU¡F kfdhf¥ ãwªjh®.

� "mf¤nj fW¤J¥ òw¤J btS¤J ïUªj cyf® midtiuí« rf¤nj

� âU¤j" ïiwt‹ j«ik tUÉ¡f c‰wjhf¡ TWth® tŸsyh®.

� br‹id, fªj nfh£l¤J ïiwtid, ïuhkÈ§f® ngh‰¿¥ ghoa ghlšfË‹ bjhF¥ng bjŒt kÂkhiy.

� ïuhkÈ§f® ghoa ghlš bjhF¥ò : toîil khÂ¡f khiy, vG¤j¿í« bgUkh‹ khiy.

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� gá¤jt®fS¡F czÉl tŸsyh® ÃWÉaJ tlÿÇš r¤âa jUk¢ rhiy.

� âUtU£gh - MW bjhFâfŸ bfh©lJ. tŸsyh® mUËa ghlšfË‹ bjhF¥ò.

� xËtÊgh£il k¡fŸ ã‹g‰w tŸsyh® tlÿÇš ÃWÉaJ r¤âa Phd rig

� tŸsyhiu "òJbe¿f©l òyt®" vd¥ ghuh£oat® ghuâah®.

� ÃidÉš bfhŸs¤ j¡f tŸsyh® ghlyofŸ : 1. xUikíl‹ ÃdJ âUkyuo Ãid¡»‹w c¤jk® j« cwî nt©L«.

2. fiyíiu¤j f‰gidna Ãiybad¡ bfh©lhL« f©_o tH¡fbkyh« k©_o¥ nghf.

3. x¤jhU« ca®ªjhU« jhœªjhU« vtU« xUikís® M» cy»aš el¤jš nt©L«.

4 thoa gÆiu¡ f©l nghbjšyh« thond‹.

5. m¥gh nt©Ljš nf£L mUŸ òÇjš nt©L«. MUÆ®f£F všyh« eh‹ m‹ò braš nt©L«.

� tsU« ãŸisfS¡F tŸsyh® tH§»a m¿îiufŸ : 1. jªij jhŒ bkhÊia¤ jŸË el¡fhnj.

2. FUit tz§f¡ Tá Ã‰fhnj.

3. btÆY¡F xJ§F« ÉU£r« mÊ¡fhnj.

4. kdbkh¤j e£ò¡F tŠrf« brŒahnj.

5. ešnyh® kdij eL§f¢ brŒahnj. 6. bghUis ï¢á¤J¥ bghŒ brhšyhnj. 7. ViHfŸ tÆW vÇa¢ brŒahnj. 8. gá¤njh® Kf¤ij¥ ghuhâuhnj. 9. ïu¥ngh®¡F¥ ã¢ir ïšiy v‹dhnj. 10. jhd« bfhL¥nghiu¤ jL¤J ÃW¤jhnj.

� "cybfyh« cz®ªJ Xj‰F mÇat‹" vd¤ bjhl§F« ghlš ïl« bg‰WŸs üš - bgÇaòuhz«.

� tŸsyh® ïa‰¿a ciueil üšfŸ : 1. kDKiw f©lthrf«, 2. étfhU©a xG¡f«

� "Éidna Mlt®¡FÆ®" - FWªbjhif "KªÚ® tH¡f« kf^c nthošiy" - bjhšfh¥ãa«

� "btW§if v‹gJ _l¤jd« ÉušfŸ g¤J« _yjd«" - ghoat® jhuhghuâ

� jÄnH cy»‹ Kj‹bkhÊ; _¤j bkhÊ - ghthz®

� cyf bkhÊfS¡bfšyh« jhŒ bkhÊ jÄHhf¤jh‹ ïU¡f nt©L« - mbkÇ¡f bkhÊÆaš m¿P® neh«rh«R»

� f©zjhr‹ üšfŸ : M£ld¤â Mâkªâ, kh§fÅ, fšy¡Fo khfhÉa«, VR fhÉa«, f©zjhr‹ fÉijfŸ.

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� ehlf« - ïuhr j©lid

� òâd§fŸ - MÆu« Ôî, m§fa‰f©Â, nty§Fo¤ âUÉHh.

� ït® vGâa nrukh‹ fhjÈ - tuyh‰W¥ òâd« - rh»¤âa mfhlÄ ÉUJ bg‰wJ.

� ït® el¤âa ïjœfŸ : bj‹wš, Kšiy, f©zjhr‹, foj«, jÄœky®.

� jÄœ¤ bj‹wš vd¥ ngh‰w¥gLgt® âU.É.fÈahz Rªjudh®.

� ït® 26.8.1883 ïš JŸs« v‹D« CÇš ãwªjh®. j‰nghJ m›ñ® j©ly« vd tH§f¥gL»wJ. bg‰nwh® -ÉU¤jhrydh® - á‹d«ik

� ïtU¡F¤ jÄœ f‰W¤jªjt® fâiuntšãŸis

� âU.É.f. vGâa üšfŸ : KUf‹ mšyJ mHF, irt¤âwî, irt¤â‹ rkur«, flîŸ fh£áí« jhíkhdtU«, ïuhkÈ§f RthÄfŸ jUîŸs«, jÄœehL« e«khœthU«, eha‹kh® tuyhW, jÄœüšfËš bgs¤j«, fhjyh? Koah? Ó®âU¤jkh? v‹ fl‹ gÂ brŒJ »l¥gnj, ïªâahî« ÉLjiyí«, jÄœ¢nrhiy, cŸbshË (ïit ciueil üšfŸ)

� brŒíŸ üšfŸ : KUf‹ mUŸ nt£lš, âUkhš mUŸ nt£lš, »¿¤JÉ‹ mUŸ nt£lš, mUf‹ mUnf, cÇik nt£lš, bghJik nt£lš, bghUS« mUS« mšyJ kh®¡áaK« fhªâaK«.

� ïjœfŸ : njrg¡j‹, etr¡â.

� âU.É.f. 17.9.1953 ïš fhykhdh®.

� f¿nt¥ãiyí« xUtif _ÈifahF«.

� fÇryh§f©Â - f©gh®itia¤ bjËth¡F«. ïj‹ ntW bga®fŸ : fÇrhiy, ifahªjfiu, ãU§fuhr«, njfuhr«

� "»ËngR»wJ" - áWfijÆ‹ MáÇa® - Éªj‹.

� kJiuia M©Ltªj brh¡fehj eha¡fÇ‹ kidÉ ïuhÂ k§f«khŸ

� Í.í.ngh¥ - 1820 ïš ãuh‹° eh£o‹ v£t®L ÔÉš ãwªjh®. bg‰nwh® #h‹ngh¥ - bfjÇ‹íiuò

� ïUgjh« ü‰wh©o‹ ciuts¤ij¡ fU¤â‰ bfh©L neh¡»dhš j‰fhy¤ij ciueil¡ fhy« vdyh«.

� vËa k¡fis neh¡»¡ fÉij¡ fUÉia¤ âU¥ã mik¤j bgUik ghuâia¢ rhU«.

� fU«ò, mâakhÅ‹ K‹ndh® fhy¤âš ÓdhÉÈUªJ bfh©L tªJ gÆÇl¥g£lJ.

� âšiyaho tŸËa«ik F¿¤J ïªâa‹ x¥ÕÅa‹ ïjÊš fhªâaofŸ vGâíŸsh®.

� jÄœ vG¤Jfis vGjî« xÈ¡fî« f‰W¤jU« ïizajs« jÄœ ïiza¥ gšfiy¡fHf« MF«.

� jÄÊ‹ bjh‹ikia cyf¿a¢ brŒjt® fhšLbtš. jÅ¤jÄG¡F

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É¤â£lt® gÇâkh‰fiyP®. jÄiH¤ jiH¡f¢ brŒj br«kš kiwkiyaofŸ. jÄiH Mbyd ts®¤J kh©òw¢ brŒjt® njtnea¥ghthz®.

� cy»‹ Äf¥gHikahd Ãy¥gFâah»a FkÇ¡ f©l¤âš jÄœ njh‹¿abjd j©oay§fhu« TW»wJ.

� ïuhkhD#® ïy©lÅš âÇÅ£o fšÿÇÆš MuhŒ¢á khztuhf¢ nr®ªjh®. ï§F Ah®o, È£ošî£ ïUtU« fÂj¤âš ïu£il khnkijfshf És§»d®.

� guŠnrhâahÇ‹ âUÉisahl‰ òuhz« jUÄ¡F ïiwt‹ jÄœ¥ghlš jªjij¥ g‰¿¡ TW»wJ.

� kJiuia¢ R‰¿íŸs kiyfËš thœªj rkz KÅt®fŸ ehyoah® ghlšfis¤ jªjd®.

� FkuFUguU¡F Ûdh£áa«ik áWÄahf tªJ K¤Jkhiy gÇrË¤j Ãfœ¢á kJiuÆš eilbg‰wjhF«.

� vªbjªj¥ gÆU¡F v›tsî ïilbtË Élnt©L« v‹gij e« K‹ndh®fŸ F¿¥ã£LŸsd®.

bešY¡F e©nlhl fU«ò¡F Vnuhl thiH¡F t©onah bj‹id¡F¤ njnuhl

� jhuhRu« nfhÆÈš MWg¤J _‹W eha‹kh®fË‹ fijfŸ òil¥ò¢ á‰g§fshf cŸsd.

Ia« bjËîbgw bjh.ng. 9994104166.

!!!!!!

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