Tissue Bank and It’s Status in Bangladesh

What is Tissue Bank?

A tissue bank is an establishment that collects and recovers human cadaver tissue for the purposes of medical research and education. A tissue bank may also refer to a location where biomedical tissue is stored under cryogenic conditions, and is generally used in a more clinical sense.

History of Tissue BankTissue Banking activities in Bangladesh was initiated in late 1985 at Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) under CRP 4158/RB.

Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission has upgraded the Tissue Banking division as an independent unit named “ Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit” of Atomic Energy Research Establishment in 2003 .

A grant of Taka 440.98 lakhs (0.8 million US Dollar) received from the Government of People’s Republic of Bangladesh for strengthening of Tissue Banking Laboratory under ADP.

Tissue Banking: Standards Process required for Safe Tissue Transplantation

Donor’s medical and social history – next of kin, physicians, hospital records

Donor blood microbiological testing Serologic PCR

Physical examination of cadavers tattoosneedle marks other indications of risky lifestyle

Tissue Banking: Standards Requirements For Donor Selection

National Blood Service require: HIV 1 & 2 Hepatitis B & C serologic testing for syphilis

Non-mandatory tests: CMV, Hepatitis G, and HTLV I & II Various Testing Methods Used to Detect Viruses

Hepatitis B testing for surface antigens HIV and Hepatitis C detect presence of antibodies to virus ELISA used for HIV, may not detect donors in

seroconversion.

Procedures: ABO, Rh ABO & Rh Typing

Major ABO mismatching can cause rapid graft rejection due to damage by ABO antibodies, causing endothelial damage and thrombosis

ABO matching is important to the success of all vascular tissue grafts – liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and pancreas

ABO/Rh Typing Not Needed For Non-Vascular Tissue Grafts Fascia Bone Heart Valves Skin Corneas

Procedures: HLA HLA A, B, and Dr Loci are Matched For:

Kidneys and other soft organs when time permits Bone marrow Peripheral blood stem cells Second cornea grafts

HLA Matching Not Needed For Non-Viable Tissue Bone Tendon Cartilage Epidermal Dressing

Procedures: Bone Collection Collection Procedures

Fresh, autologous bone taken from illiac crest, reduces risk of disease transmission

Can be frozen or freeze-dried, and stored at room temperature for five years

Freeze dried bone is processed to remove marrow and blood, treated with alcohol, and irradiated, resulting in decreased risk of disease transmission

Procedures: Skin Collection

Procedures: Heart Valve Collection

Collection Procedures Allografts do not require anticoagulation therapy like

mechanical grafts. Whole Heart aseptically collected in Operating Room or at

autopsy. Aortic and pulmonary valves removed. Placed in DMSO, frozen in liquid nitrogen for storage

Procedures: Infection Control Diseases Transmitted By Transplants:

HIV transmitted by bone and solid organ transplants Hepatitis transmitted by bone, bone marrow, and other

organs Tuberculosis transmitted by bone and heart valves Prion diseases transmitted by corneas and dura mater

Incidence of Fungal and Bacterial Diseases Occasionally of donor origin More commonly, acquired during tissue procurement,

processing, or storage

Tissue Banking: ApplicationsBone Allografts

Use for Spinal Fusion Surgery Use for Dental Repairs

Use for Knee Ligament Replacement

Tendon Allografts

Powdered Bones

Tissue Banking: Applications

Skin Dressing

Use for Burn Patient Use for Congenital Heart Defects

Heart Valves

Tissue Banking: Applications

Use for HIV-resistant Cell Replacement

Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)

Burn & Plastic Surgery

Eye Surgery

Electric Burn Acid Burn

Superficial Mixed Burn

Chemical Burn Corneal Ulcer

Scope of Application

Orthopedic & Spinal Surgery

Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

Bone FractureTB Spine

Traumatic Bone Loss

Traumatic Facial Defects Tumor

Scope of Application

THR

Periodontal Defects

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