tips for tunnels of all types - uvm.edu
TRANSCRIPT
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Tips for Tunnels of all Types
Vern Grubinger
December 10, 2014
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plastic mulch row covers
low tunnels caterpillars field tunnels
hoophouses high tunnels greenhouses
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Seasonal
structures
• low tunnels
• caterpillars
• field tunnels
(Haygrove)
Year-round
structures
• hoophouses
• high tunnels
• greenhouses
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low tunnels ~$0.50/sq. ft.
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Johnny’s
Seeds
“quickhoop”
Bender
½‘’ conduit
+ Agribon
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overwintering kale, mustard, onions, spinach etc.
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planting date has an effect on yield
Ruth Hazzard, Univ. of Mass. and Becky Sideman, Univ. of NH
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varieties differ, too (overwintered onions)
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caterpillar tunnels ~ $1/sq. ft.
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Windflower Farm in upstate New York
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Oriented so ends face the prevailing wind.
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plastic must be removed before winter
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Windflower Farm crops and structures
Crop Low Tunnel Caterpillar Hi Tunnel
Tomato XX (trellis) XXX
Pepper X XX
Eggplant X XX
Cucumber XX XX (trellis) XXX
Melon XX XX (trellis)
Squash XX XX
Spring Greens XX XX
Fall Greens XX XX
Winter Greens XX
Spring Onions XX XX
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field tunnels aka Haygroves ~$1/ sq. ft.
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single or multi-bay >1 acre
wind is a concern with
any 3-season structure
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keeping the rain off…
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season extension…
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manual ventilation required
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hoop house ~ $1.50/sq. ft.
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low height, quonset shape, no sidewall vents
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declining popularity:
high humidity
poor ventilation
low head room
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high tunnels ~$2/sq. ft.
gothic, roll-up sides, plastic, drip
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Ledgewood Farm frame with gothic peak, high sides
supplemental air, ground heat?
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FarmTek quonset high tunnel
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home made wood frame – Pete’s Greens
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plastic greenhouse ~$10/sq. ft.
tunnel vs. GH
electricity
heat
foundation?
size?
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high side and ridge vents (poly-vent tubes)
HAF, bottom and air heat, zoned drip
tomatoes in Poly-Tek greenhouse
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‘winter’ greens in Harnois greenhouse
tight, low surface:volume, high sides and peak
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Rimol greenhouse
wide span, endwall peak vents, tractor access
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Rimol automated roll up sides
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glass greenhouse ~$25+ / sq. ft.
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Longwind Farm, organic GH tomatoes
heat pipes/cart rails, environmental controls
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Full Bloom Farm, organic basil
rolling benches, potfillers, lighting
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design for your crops, markets, budget
long season ‘tropical’ crop
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‘season extension’ of perennials
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unheated spring-planted crops
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unheated ‘winter’ crops
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transplants on heated slab
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Key Considerations
• Site
• Structure
• Environmental Controls
• Soil / Crop Nutrition / Water
• Pests
• Labor / Management
• Costs and Returns
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got drainage, compaction?
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perimeter drainage
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space for snow, mowing, access, expansion?
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worst case snow, ice, and/or wind?
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soil fertility and crop nutrition
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‘super-charged’ soils
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saturated media test vs. field soil test:
soluble vs. reserve nutrients
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73
K in greenhouse ‘soil’ 75 samples 2008-09
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sanitation is a key to pest management
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No weeds inside houses
Well, almost
no weeds...
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mow around houses
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hoses off the ground
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monitoring is another key to pest management
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heat rises
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fans pull air with the least resistance
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furnaces fail,
fuel runs out!
heat-activated vent,
temperature alarm
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tunnel edges take time to weed
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why waste fuel?
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small cracks matter
energy conservation
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perimeter insulation
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bench heat, insulated knee walls
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use step controllers or accurate thermostats
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renewable fuels like shell corn, wood pellets
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solar hot water + biomass heat
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if you’re a logger in the winter…
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balance cost, Btus, materials handling, reliability
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www.uvm.edu/vtvegandberry