tips for presentations
TRANSCRIPT
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Presentations
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“The mind is a wonderful thing………It starts working the moment you are born, and never stops ……….
Until you get up to speak in public!!”
Presentation Skills
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Presentation: Definition
Something presented : as
a : a symbol or image that represents something
b : something offered or given c: an immediate object of perception,
cognition, or memory
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What is Communication?
Nonverbal Communication
-body language-eye contact
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Importance of Communication
Class Presentations
Field Research
Business Communications
Public Speaking
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Fear of Public SpeakingPopulation
No.1 fear=Public SpeakingFear No.2=Death
Stage fright-In spotlight-unprepared-inexperienced
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Effective Communication
Preparation
Practice
Presence
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Effective Communication
Preparation research -non-research format -speak on what you know
-Notes- outline main points-note cards vs. full sized paper
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Use Cards - tie/number Use headings/subheadings Bullet points Colour code/shorthand Underline/indent Write out first/last sentence in
full Memorise introduction Rehearse Use large visible printing
Making Notes
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Sample Speech Outline
I. IntroductionThesis
II. Bodysupport arguments
III. Conclusionreview
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Effective Communication
Practice- practice makes perfect- revision
- get time right
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Thorough preparationThorough preparation
Plenty of practicePlenty of practice
Preparation & Practice
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Effective Communication
Presence-nervousness- fright is common-Body language
-voice tone-gestures-eye contact
-positive attitude
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Confident ?Confident ?
Warmth ?Warmth ?
Stance ?Stance ?
Mannerisms ?Mannerisms ?
Eye contact ?Eye contact ?
Appearance
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Dress
Posture
Facial Expression
Voice
Movement
Gesture
Eye Contact
Body Language
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VolumeVolume
PitchPitch
SpeedSpeed
MumblingMumbling
Voice dropVoice drop
Too highToo high
Too lowToo low
MonotonousMonotonous
HesitancyHesitancy
GabblingGabbling
Voice
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Voice Control Pause and pace
use pause to add emphasis and drama pace should be slower than normal, but vary
according to mood Emphasis
say adjectives as they sound Volume
louder than normal larger audiences, more modulation required
Voice
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Movement - why does it improve the effectiveness of your delivery? Relaxes the speaker and the audience Gains attention Involves the audience Improves emphasis and eye contact
Movement
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Movement - it is crucial to your delivery that you choreograph it as every part of the room has a different relationship with the speaker - examples….. Start your presentation close to the audience 1st slide/ overhead - stand still Move to the screen to emphasise side/ overhead Change energy level to match/ control mood Controlled movement
stop talking - stop eye contact start talking/ start eye contact
Movement
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Gestures - why use them? Emphasise a point Involve the audience Visual expression Animation Demonstrates comfort
How much to use? depends on the audience size and makeup
A little for conservative audiences A lot for large, dynamic audiences
Gestures
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Eye contact - communicates the following Honesty Trust Confidence Individualism Interest Sincerity Credibility Direct relationship
Eye Contact
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EYE CONTACT STRATEGIES
Less than the other = Humility
Same as the other = We are the same
Constructive = Builds relationship(same then increasing)More than the other = Dominate other/
strengthof conviction
Eye Contact
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Eye Contact - Directing ItDecision maker
receives most eye contact - 60% share the remainder equally
Key influencer share the majority of eye contact
By role allocate by job function/ status
Everyone is equal proportion eye contact equally
Eye Contact
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Things You Shouldn’t Do
Read directly from notesRead directly from screenTurn back on audienceSlouch, hands in pocketsNo um, ah, you know’sNo nervous gesturesTalk too fast, Talk too quietly
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Things You Should Do
Eye contactCan glance at
notesAppropriate
gesturesRhetorical
questions to involve audience
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Dry mouth: bite side of the tongue, sip water Too much saliva: breath through mouth Tight throat: yawn with your mouth closed Short of breath: apply pressure on lower
abdomen Butterflies: tense & relax muscles of abdomen Drying Up: look at your note, repeat what you
have just said Gestures Practice
Controlling Nerves
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Ten Successful TipsControl the “Butterflies”
Know the room- become familiar with the place of presentation
Know the audience- greet or chat with the audience before hand. It’s easier to speak to friends than to strangers
Know your material-increased nervousness is due to un-preparedness
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Control the “Butterflies”
Relaxation- relax entire body by stretching and breathing so as to ease the tension
Visualize giving your speech-Visualize yourself giving your speech from start to finish. By visualizing yourself successful, you will be successful
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Control the “Butterflies”
People want you to succeed-the audience is there to see you succeed not to fail
Don’t apologize-by mentioning your nervousness or apologizing, you’ll only be calling the audience’s attention to mistakes
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Control the “Butterflies”
Concentrate on your message-not the medium. Focus on the message you are trying to convey and not on your anxieties
Turn nervousness into positive energy-nervousness increases adrenaline, transform it into vitality and enthusiasm
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Control the “Butterflies”
Gain experience-experience builds confidence, which is key to effective public speaking
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“The key to effective presentations is to manage the relationship between yourself
and the audience so that a good rapport is developed with
them”
Presentation Skills
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Short sharp paragraphsShort sharp paragraphs Simple wordsSimple words Repeat key phrases for effectRepeat key phrases for effect Repeat key phrases for effectRepeat key phrases for effect Avoid catch phrasesAvoid catch phrases HumourHumour Anecdotes: real-life examplesAnecdotes: real-life examples Rhetorical questions: don’t Rhetorical questions: don’t
require answersrequire answers
Presentation Skills
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YOU
Do not use the media to hide youThe audience came to see youThe media should enhance the presentation,
not BE the presentation If all you are going to do is read from the
slides or overheads, then just send them the slides
Remember, only you can prevent “Death by PowerPoint”
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Questions??
End your presentation with a simple question slide to: Invite your audience to ask questions Provide a visual aid during question
period Avoid ending a presentation abruptly
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Questioning - Effectively Used Achieves.. Engages audience attention Establishes better 2 way communication Obtains required information Checks for understanding Checks for agreement
How to Prepare Questions …… Prepare key questions ahead of time Plan the timing of questions Be alert to situations that require unplanned
questions
?
Use of Questions
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ASK QUESTIONSASK QUESTIONS Open ended - to find out Open ended - to find out
informationinformation Closed - to gain commitmentClosed - to gain commitment Redirected - to involve groupRedirected - to involve group Rhetorical - to control groupRhetorical - to control group Leading - to give alternative Leading - to give alternative
choicechoice
Initiate A Discussion
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Switch off the overhead or light projector
Turn flipcharts to a blank page Erase any unwanted writing from the
blackboard or whiteboard Show any objects referred to and
then cover them up
Tips For Enhancing Discussion
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Four Types: Dr Quiet Dr Disagreeable Dr Side
Conversation Dr Talkative
Participants
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Side ConversationsSide Conversations Quiet/ShyQuiet/Shy TalkativeTalkative DisagreeableDisagreeable
WHY?WHY?
Keep Control - Tactics
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SIDE CONVERSATIONSIDE CONVERSATION Ask to “share” their idea Restate a point & ask for their
opinion Check if there is a problem “Should we include your point in
the discussion?”
BE DIPLOMATIC & ASSERTIVEBE DIPLOMATIC & ASSERTIVE
Keep Control - Tactics
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QUIET/SHY PARTICIPANTQUIET/SHY PARTICIPANT Simple questions Eye contact Recognise & encourage any
contributions Ask a question & invite
everyone's opinion in turn
Keep Control - Tactics
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TALKATIVETALKATIVE Remind everyone of time
limits Summarise point & ask for
comments from group Address questions to other
participants Refocus on objectives/agenda
Keep Control - Tactics
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DISAGREEABLE Paraphrase comments, and recap their
position in objective terms Find merit in one of their remarks Respond to their comment, not the
attack Throw their opinion out to the group Answer their questions simply and
factually
Keep Control - Tactics
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Scientific Presentations: Do’s and Don’ts
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Scientific Presentation
1) Prepare your material carefully and logically. Tell a story. The story should have four parts:
(a) Introduction (b) Method (c) Results (d) Conclusion/Summary.
"Tell'em what you are going to tell'em.Tell'em. Then tell'em what you told'em."
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Scientific Presentation
2) Practice your talk 3) Don't put in too much material 4) Avoid equations5) Have only a few conclusion points
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Scientific Presentation
6) Talk to the audience not to the screen 7) Avoid making distracting sounds like “
uuuhhh” and “mmm”8) Polish your graphics9) Use humor if possible, but don’t go
overboard 10) Check your viewgraphs before you
give the talk 11) Switch off your cell phones if possible.
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Scientific Presentation12) Be personable in taking questions.
First, repeat the question. If you don't know the answer then say "I
don't know, I will have to look into that." If the questioner disagrees with you and it
looks like there will be an argument then defuse the situation.
Never insult the questioner ( S/he may have contacts you don’t know about!
13) Thank you Slide
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Size of roomSize of room Tables and Tables and
chairschairs SocketsSockets LightsLights EquipmentEquipment Display tableDisplay table EntranceEntrance
Check :Check :
Presentation Checklist
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30 minutes before30 minutes before Arrange table & chairsArrange table & chairs Set up equipment Set up equipment CateringCatering DisplayDisplay Start PromptlyStart Promptly Finish on TimeFinish on Time
Presentation Day & Practice
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Handouts: Few Tips
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Handouts
Passing out Handouts:Can pass it out during presentationIf flow interrupted, pass out before
start If more than one, can give out
“package”Avoid passing around objects (“I will
walk around with it”)
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Summary: Dos and Don’ts of Presentation
Don’t gesticulate wildlyDo speak distinctlyDo vary your speed and pitchDo look at your audienceDon’t use jargon, slang and superfluous wordsDo pause after important pointsDo watch the timeDo speak with conviction and enthusiasmDo be natural and sincereDo try to simileDon’t use jokes unless they are really funny and relevant
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Know your audience Know the occasion Know your speaking environment Pin down your topic Brain storm Research Prepare a rough draft of your presentation Transfer your presentation to mental/ written
notes Practice ...To overcome nervousness!
Summary
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Now is the time to deliver your whole presentation to the group using all of the delivery techniques we have discussed.
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Practice takes you from this..
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To this….
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Thank you; Any questions?