tina lalalalla
TRANSCRIPT
Changes in the International Political
System
Prepared by:Kristina Jane Pantanoza
Changes in the International system were:
The rise of Soviet Union, the world’s first Communist StateThe emergence of the British Commonwealth of NationsCivil War in SpainRise of Fascist Italy Rise of Militarist JapanRise of Nazi Germany
Rise of Soviet Union
Last czarist ruler of Russian
Nicholas II
Russian Revolution
Began in March of 1917 when Crowds of FreezingStarving people protested the harsh conditions in Petrograd
Petrograd- the capital of Russia due to the warThe soldier refused to fire on the hungry riotersInstead they joined together informing soviets of councils of workers, peasants and soldiers.
Abdication of the Last Czarist Ruler
March 15,1917 Czar Nicholas II abdicated on his positionHe and his family were taken to the village in SiberiaLater, killed by Bolshevik Communist guards on July 16, 1918
Prince Lyov
Led the provisional Government after the Addition of CzarComposed of leaders “Duma”
Union Of Soviet Socialist Republic or USSRSoviet Union for shortAfter Lenin’s death in 1924, his two chiefs Lieutenant
Trotsky and,Joseph Stalin
Soviet Russia continued as a totalitarian state-ruled by Dictator along communist principles clashed for Supremacy.
Josef Stalin
He won the supremacy
Trotsky
On August 20,1940 Trotsky was assassinated at his home in Mexico City by a Soviet Spy
Stalin Leadership
Soviet Russia regained its position as a great powerOwing its marvelous military, scientific, cultural, and economic progress it was recognize by Germany, Britain, U.S and other powersTruly, it emerged from the other as the first World War stronger than ever.
The British Commonwealth of NationsIn 1931, the British parliament promulgated statute of Westminster establishing the British Commonwealth of Nations and recognizing the independence status of the Dominions In 1997, the British crown colony of Hong Kong was return to China in colorful ceremonies befitting the rise of the East and the fall of the West.
Territorial Changes in Europe and the Near East
These new state s were:The Baltic republics of Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
PolandCzechoslovakiaYugoslaviaHungaryAustriaTurkeySaudi ArabiaIraqTrans-JordanLebanonSyriaEgypt
From the shattered fragments of the Russian Empire arose four little Baltic republics- Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
Within twenty years of their existence, only Finland remained democratic the others like Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were swallowed up by Soviet Russia and turned into dictatorships.
POLAND
JOSEF PILSUDSKI leader of the Polish
patriots, founded the republic of
Poland Its territory included
those regions which Austria, Russia and Germany (formerly Prussia) had taken in the 18th century
IGNACE JAN PADEREWSKI
World’s famous pianist, became the first Premier of Poland, with Pilsudski as the first President
Poland’s existence, however, threatened by Hitler’s demand to recover Danzig and the Polish CorridorIn 1918, a few days after the armistice, the Republic of Czechoslovakia was established with Thomas G. Masaryk as President
Czechoslovakia
. Czechoslovakia became the most progressive country in East Europe.It included pacts with France and Soviet Russia, but these proved useless when Hitler invaded the country in 1938.
Yugoslavia
After WW1 , several new Balkan States were bornYugoslavia and the separation of Austria and Hungary into two independent states.
Mustafa Kemal
Turkish war hero and first President of the Turkish RepublicModernized Turkey, for which he is known as “Ataturk”Father of the Turks
COL.T.E Lawrence
“Lawrence of Arabia”Arabs rose in arms against the Ottoman Turks during WW1
Sultan Ibn Saud
Founded the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932Oil was discovered in 1936
IraqFormally called MesopotamiaWas made a mandated territory of BritainBut in 1932 Iraq became an independent state and a member of the League of Nations
Trans-Jordan
It is now JordanIt was separated from the mandate of Palestine in 1920In 1921, it became a Kingdom under Abdullah ibn Hussein
Lebanon
Which had previously been single political unit in the Ottoman EmpireLebanese authorities in 1936 this was only implemented on November 26,1941
SYRIA• Syrian became an Independent
republic, but was still subject to the French Mandate
EGYPT
Became a protectorate of Britain Egyptian nationalism force Britain to declare Egypt an independent state on February 28,1922
Civil War in Spain
General Miguel Primo De Rivera, with consent of King Alfonso XIII establish a military dictatorshipElections in 1931 led to the end of the dictatorship and the abdication of the kingThe radicals (communist, socialists, and other leftist) gain control of the Government
GENERAL FRANCISCO FRANCO • Led a Spanish Soldier in
Morroco and took the rebellion to Spain
• Franco was supported by the catholic Falangistas and monarchist
• It captured Madrid on March 28,1939
• Franco was held as a savior of Spain from Communist and became its leader (El Caudillo)
The Rise of Fascist ItalyBenito MussoliniA fiery editor, veteran of the war, and former teacher, founded a militant Nationalistic movement“Fascism”Fasces in Latin means an ax surrounded by a bundle of rods symbolizing the authority of the ancient Roman stateHe aims were to transform Italy into a fascist state and restore its ancient grandeurHe was born actor and could sway the crowd by his emotional speeches“Believe! Obey!! Fight!”
King Victor Emmanuel
Yielding without a fight , made him Premier of ItalyWithin a short time, Mussolini established the Fascist dictatorship and assumed the title of “II Duce” ( The Leader)
Pope Pius XI
Concluding the Lateran Treaty of 1929Restoring Harmonious relation between Vatican and Italian government and recognizing the pope as an Independent sovereignMaking himself master of Italy, Mussolinni aspired to win glory and more territories abroadIn 1935 invaded Ethiopia and annexed that African Kingdom to his growing Italian empireHis Fantastic dream of empire led him into fatal alliance with Hitler
The rise of Nazi Germany
1st World war led to the collapse of the Hohenzollem German empireOver it ruins was established in February 1919 Weimar RepublicFrederick Ebert as President and Weimar saxony as a capital.
General Paul von Hindenburg
•On January 13,1933,he appointed Hitler as a Chancellor of Government
Adolf Hitler
Who had fought in the German army during the war, appeared on the political scene
GEN. LUDENDORFF
•With his help Adolf Hitler • Founded the
National Socialist Party, popularly known as Nazi. Munich in 1919
Mein Kampf (The Struggle)
Which became the bible of Nazism.Indeed in less than a year, Hitler entered politics and within a few years his Nazi organization became the largest political party in the Republic
January 30, 1933, President Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor of Germany.The aging President hated Hitler, but he had no other choice because the Weimar republic.Hitler quickly established his Dictatorship President Hindenburg's deathHe became undisputed master of GermanyHe assumed the title of “Der Fuhrer” (The Leader) and called Nazi Government Third Reich ( Third Empire)First empire was the Holy Roman Empire (962-1806)Second is the Hohenzollem (1871-1918)
Storm Troops (SA)Who used violence to aid the part
Elite Body Guards (SS)Who protected the Nazi leaders from harm
GestapoThe Secret Police
Rise of Militaristic Japan“Twenty-One Demands”“Yellow Peril”The Great Depression in 1929 dealt a heavy blow to Japan trade.Japan military faction seized control of the government.“Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”Three premiers and ex-premiers were assassinated by extremists1936, a four day coup was staged by young reformists army officers.
Japan was mobilized for war, Japanese propaganda taught the people to believe in the emperor as godThe glory of dying in battle, and the need to conquered new landsBoys were trained for war, and schools taught ultra-nationalistic ideas.Factories turned out war material instead of household goods.
Was replaced by that General Hideki Tojo Three months later, Japan was at war with alliances.
Prince Konoye
Reference:
World History by Zaide