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© P a s t S e a r c h 2 0 1 2 - T i m e l i n e

1800

18001600

Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and

arrows.

7000BCE Walls in Jericho built.

6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami.

6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills.

- 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized.

- 3000BCE Farming communities spread from

south-east to northwest Europe.

5000BCE

4000BCE

3900BCE

3800BCE

3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt.

The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture

(rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as

weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first

mass usage of expendable foot soldiers.

3700BCE

3600BCE

TIMELINE


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile

conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties.

Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in

Bohemia.

Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of

Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization

developed in north-west area – continual warfare.

3400BCE

3300BCE

3200BCE

3100BCE

3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China.

Egyptian military civilization developed.

Composite re-curved bows being used.

In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic

bronze with padded linings.

Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for

weapons.

Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo

weaponry.

2900BCE

2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time.

2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian

infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on

trade caravans in Sinai.

2600BCE

2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley.

Copper, used for mace heads, found in

Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt.

Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe

blades from bronze. Socked axes designed.

Sumerians use chariots, four-wheeled carts, no

pivoting front axle, drawn by donkeys and wild

asses.

Lugazaggisi, king of Uruk, defeats Lagash Empire,

with support from archers.

2400BCE


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 2350BCE King Sargon of the Akkadians has bows and

arrows mass produced in Mesopotamia. Seizes

entire Semetic Empire, uses first ‘landscape

diagrams’ to deploy his troops.

2250BCE Maps used in combat during Hsai dynasties.

2230BCE Guti people sweep through Babylonia, overthrow

Akkadian Empire.

2130BCE The Guti are driven from Mesopotamia.

2000BCE Sumarian civilization falls.

Advanced state societies develop in Crete

(Minoan), Greece (Mycenaean) and Turkey.

Hitite tribes become unified around the Bosphorus.

Their joint forces cross Euphrates, blunder

Babylon and advance into Syria.

Hitites master iron production, defeat Babylonians,

to east, and Egyptians, to south, in battle.

Helmets and body armour made of electrum in

Egypt and Mesopotamia.

Assyrian Empire establishes colony in Anatolia

(Turkey) to send metals to Mesopotamia.

-1400BCE Crete uses ships with keels and ribs.

1900BCE Amorites conquer all of Mesopotamia.

1850BCE Babylonian civilization rises to political prominence

under Amorites.

1831BCE China – Earthquake, epicentre Mount Tai.

1800BCE Warriors of the Hyksos drive Egyptians south,

achieving complete control of the Nile delta.

1760BCE Greeks use bronze to make armour, swords and

spears.

-1520 The Chinese Shang dynasty founded.

1700BCE Harrapan civilization falls to outside attacks.

1600BCE Iranian tribes begin using warhorses and light, two-

wheeled chariots in Mesopotamia.

Greece – Volcanic eruption on Santorini, thought

to have caused Tsunami which may have led to

damage in Crete.

1575BCE Egyptian forces, led by Pharoah Amosis I, use the

Nile flooding and the first troop-carrying boats to

liberate Upper Egypt from the Hyksos.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1500BCE Armour of overlapping scales of bronze, laced

together or sewn onto a backing of padded fabric,

used in Mesopotamia, Syria and Egypt.

The sickle sword is developed, a bronze sword

with a curved concave blade and straight, thick

handle.

1450BCE Mycenaeans of mainland Greece take control of

Crete.

1400BCE Phoenicians develop ships with two banks of

rowers on both sides, and rams.

Cleaning impurities from smelted iron produces

stronger metals in Syria.

Improved weaponry spreads to Egypt and Greece.

1300BCE

1299BCE Battle of Kadesh between Egypt and the Hitites,

over control of Syria, result indecisive.

1250BCE Moses leads the Isrealites into Canaan.

c. Mycenaean raiders, under Agamemmon, sack

the city of Troy.

1200BCE Iron Age begins.

Effective long bladed swords developed when iron

can be hammered at tensile strength.

1193BCE Destruction of Troy, soldiers infiltrated into the city

inside a large wooden horse.

1100BCE Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations destroyed by

invading Dorians from northern/north-western

Greece. They spread throughout Greece and

Anatolia.

1090BCE Civil war in Egypt during reign of Rameses XI.

1027BCE Chou dynasty replaces Shang dynasty in China


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1000BCE c. Athens begins to organize reoccupation oth the

Ionian coasts and islands.

c. Aryan peoples conquer the Indus Valley area.

Perhaps first war memorial sculpted at Deir-el-

Bahri, Egypt, depicts a wounded Syrian soldier,

armed with iron weapons with his Egyptian wife

and son.

Philistines crush Saul, first king of Israel, in battle.

Jewish kingdom arises under King David, following

decline of Egyptian power. He unites Judah and

Isreal, with Jerusalem as capital, brings water

supply to the city through reinforced subterranean

tunnels.

933BCE Solomon died. His kingdom divided between

Rehoboam I, as king of Judah, and Jeroboam I as

king of Isreal.

Sheshonk I of Egypt seizes Jerusalem.

900BCE

890BCE

880BCE Assyrian Empire controls the trade routes between

the Mesopotamia world and the Mediterranean

world.

870BCE

860BCE

850BCE Hellenistic epics: Iliad and Odyssey, by Homer.

840BCE

830BCE

820BCE

813BCE Carthage founded as trading centre with Tyre.

810BCE

800BCE c. Tyre falls to the Assyrians, Carthage became

the leader of the western Phoenicians.

790BCE Civil war in David’s kingdom.

Amaziah, king of Judah, defeated by Israel, later

killed by Judean rebels opposing his rule.

785BCE Homer describes advanced battlefield surgery.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 780BCE 6 September – first authenticated date in Chinese

history – solar eclipse.

776BCE First Olympic games held in Olympia.

770BCE Etruscans introduce horse-drawn chariots to Italy.

Spoked wheels and horseshoes used by the

Halstatt culture.

760BCE Celts move into England. 760BCE Spartans colonize Taranto, southern Italy

750BCE First Messenian war – Sparta gains hegemony in

Greece.

740BCE

730BCE

720BCE Romulus, first king of Rome, divides a year into 10

months, about 5,000 years after Egyptian solar

observations showed there to be 12 lunar rotations

annually.

710BCE

700BCE Achaemenids begin ruling Persia.

690BCE

680BCE -669BCE Assyrians conquer Egypt.

670BCE

665BCE King Sennacherib of Nineveh, one of the first

tyrants to use his army against his own people

660BCE Assyrians destroy city of Babylon, army engineers

divert Euphrates to cover site of city.

650BCE Second Messenian war, Spartan rule challenged in

Greece.

640BCE Judah submits to Assyrians, whose army moves to

Egypt, destroys Memphis and Thebes.

630BCE Scythian raiders pillage Palestine and Syria.

625BCE Nabopolassar, a Chaldean general, seizes

Babylonian throne, declares independence from

Assyria.

620BCE Mayan civil wars in Mexico resolved.

Phoenicians settle in Corsica.

612BCE -609BCE Medes of Persia and Chaldeans

overthrow Assyrians, destroy Nineveh.

610BCE

600BCE The use of iron starts to replace bronze in China.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 590BCE

587BCE Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jerusalem, Jewish

communities dispersed.

580BCE

570BCE

560BCE

550BCE Cyrus I rebels against the Medes, captures

Ecbatana.

540BCE Etruscans and Carthaginians unite at battle of

Alalia.

539BCE Persians, under Cyrus the Great, capture

Babylonia.

530BCE

520BCE

510BCE

505BCE Etruscans defeat Romans.

500BCE

499BCE -494BCE Persia suppresses revolts of Ionian

cities.

490BCE -449BCE Greco-Persian wars.

Persians use elephants when defeated by

Miltiades at Marathon.

481BCE An age of warring states begins in China.

480BCE Battle of Thermopylae.

Athens burned, Acropolis destroyed.

Themistocle, creator of the Greek navy, agrees to

lead the Athenian squadron against the Persians.

The Carthaginians, led by Hamilcar Barca,

defeated at Himera, Sicily, by Gelo of Syracuse.

479BCE The Greeks, led by Spartan general Pausanias,

defeat Persians, at Plataea.

478BCE Walls of Athens rebuilt, harbour of Piraeus fortified.

477BCE 306 Roman Fabii and their armed supporters,

slaves etc are slaughtered at Cremera by invading

Etruscan forces.

470BCE Cimon, son of Miltiades leads campaigns against

Persian army.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 466BCE Cimon destroys Persian army at Eurymedon. 200

Persian ships are sunk or captured.

465BCE Gelo forms one of the first all volunteer armies,

when democracy established in Syracuse.

464BCE Greece – Earthquake measuring 7.2Mw,

epicentre in Sparta.

460BCE Persians collapse in battle on Cyprus.

450BCE

449BCE Artaxerxes recognizes independence of all Greek

city-states at the Peace of Callias.

448BCE Aspasia, mistress of Pericles, rules Athenian

society, one of the first women involved in military

command.

445BCE 30 year formal truce agreed between Athens and

Sparta.

440BCE Jerusalem is fortified, Nehemiah and Ezra raise

walls at the Rock/Temple Mount.

Rhodes is fortified, Hippodamus of Miletus builds

protected harbour and walled town.

431BCE Peloponnesian wars between Athens and Sparta,

dispite ’30 years truce.’

430BCE

429BCE Pericles died, succeeded by joint rule of Cleon and

Nicias.

426BCE Greece – Tsunami hit Maliakos Bay.

421BCE ‘Peace of Nicias’, initiates a ’50 year truce’ (lasts 6

years)

420BCE Cleon died.

Alcibiades moves against Nicias, persuades

Athenians to ally themselves with Argos, Elis and

Mantinea against Sparta.

410BCE

408BCE Guerrilla warfare against Persian rule by Medes,

they are put down by King Darius.

406BCE Dionysus I the Elder introduces catapults as

weapons, sometimes firing hot shot.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 401BCE ‘Retreat of Ten Thousand’ a Greek mercenary

army led by Xenophon, aiding Persian prince

Cyrus, defeated at Cunaxa. 10,000 survivors

marched home across 1,000 miles of enemy

territory.

400BCE Carthaginians occupy Malta.

399BCE Dionysus I the Elder directs his engineers to

construct engines for war with Carthage, the result

is the Gastrophetes, a large crossbow.

396BCE The Carthaginian army destroys Messina, Sicily.

390BCE Gauls from northern Italy, under Brennus, capture,

sack and burn Rome

384BCE Manilus Capitolinus, accused of royal ambitions

after the failed defence of Rome, is thrown to his

death from the Tarpeian Rock.

380BCE

379BCE Revolt against Spartan rule in Thebes. ‘Massacre

of the Spartan tyrants’ by Pelopidas and

Epaminondas.

377BCE Walls built around Rome.

373BCE Greece – Earthquake and tsunami destroyed

Helike..

371BCE Battle of Leuctra, Epaminondas leads Theban

forces to victory against Spartan army.

370BCE

365BCE Eastern Mediterranean – 21 Jul – Earthquake

and tsunami hit Alexandria.

360BCE

356BCE Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great), son

of Philip II, born.

355BCE The Great Wall of China is started as a partial

protection against the Huns.

352BCE Philip II became king of Macedonia.

350BCE

343BCE Philip II of Macedon supports Thebans in ‘The

Sacred War’ against Phocians.

340BCE


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 336BCE Philip II assassinated at Aegaeby, Alexander I the

Great, succeeds him.

335BCE Alexander I the Great destroys Thebes, in revenge

for his father’s death.

333BCE Alexander begins campaigns against Persian

Empire by defeating Darius at Issus.

332BCE Port of Alexandria established.

Macedonians conquer Tyre and Jerusalem.

331BCE At Gaugamela, Alexander’s army uses long spears

(6m), stabbing swords and small oval shields,

against Persians

330BCE Alexander the Great takes Babylonia, plans to

make it seat of his empire.

329BCE Macedonians occupy Susa and Persepolis.

328BCE Alexander I the Great marries Bactrian princess,

Roxana.

327BCE Alexander invades India.

-304 Wars between Romans and Samnites of

amcient Italy.

326BCE Alexander the Great extends his empire to the

Indus river

323BCE June. Alexander I the Great died of a fever at

Babylon. His conquests are divided, Ptolemies

take Egypt, Seleucids take Syria-Iran.

322BCE Conflict erupts among Alexandrine generals.

321BCE Romans defeated at Caudine Forks against

Samnites.

Chandragupta Maurya develops empire in Ganges

and Indus river valley areas by re-conquering

northern India from Macedonians.

Mauryan dynasty established.

320BCE Romans inflict Samnites losses at Lucerian.

319BCE Polysperchon restores liberty to Helenic city-

states.

316BCE Cassander takes over Macedonia as regent and

puts Alexander’s mother, Olympias, to death.

311BCE End of civil wars in Alexander’s former empire.

Lysiachus takes Thrace, Antigonus takes Asia

Minor (Turkey).


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 310BCE Romans inflict Samnites losses at Vadimonian

Lake.

Macedonian admiral Nearchus completes

exploration and first charting of Persian Gulf, the

Euphrates and parts of Indian Ocean. (originally

ordered by Alexander in 325BCE)

309BCE Romans inflict Samnites losses at Perugia.

308BCE Ptolemy Soter established the great museum and

library at Alexandria. (Become one of the Seven

Wonders of the Ancient World)

307BCE Carthaginians besiege Syracuse.

300BCE Chainmail appears in Greek art.

Mechanical artillery began to use torsion in

addition to tension power.

298BCE -290 Third Samnite War, extension of Roman

power over Etruscans and Balkans.

290BCE

289BCE Romans defeated at Atrium by Senones, a

Goaulish tribe.

283BCE Romans invade and conquer Corsica.

280BCE A small army, commanded by Pyrrhus, king of

Epirus, lands in Italy.

279BCE Pyrrhus rallies his troops to drive a Roman force

from the field at Aesculum, with the help of

Tarentine infantry, of whom nearly all were killed.

278BCE Reinforcements from Tarentum and Epirus arrive

to help Pyrrhus but many are again killed by

Romans.

275BCE Further support from Argos but Pyrrhus suffers

defeat at Beneventum, and later killed by rioters in

Nauplia, protesting his incompetence.

274BCE Military caste of Babylon collapses. Babylonians

re-established in new fortified city of Seleucia.

272BCE -231BCE Ashoka expands Maurya empire in

Ganges and Indus river valley areas.

270BCE

266BCE Calabria is conquered by Romans.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 264BCE -241BCE First Punic War between Rome and

Carthage.

Appius Claudius Pulcher defeats Heiro of

Syracuse at Messana.

Romans develop boarding ramps for their ships.

Romans use the gladius (0.60m) stabbing sword.

260BCE

259BCE Romans encounter advanced Greek medicine,

especially for battlefield trauma, from Greek

prisoners of war.

256BCE Roman fleet defeats Cartaginians at Ecnomus

255BCE Regulus, attacking Carthage, is captured by

Xanthippus the Spartan

250BCE England - Le Tène, Iron Age people of France,

invade southern England, with little resistance. 250BCE The unsuccessful siege of Lilybaeum, by Romans.

246BCE Hamilcar Barca takes command of Carthaginian

forces in Sicily.

Birth of Hannibal, the Great.

241BCE Hamilcar makes peace with Rome

240BCE

238BCE Carthage begins its conquest of Spain

230BCE

226BCE Rhodes – Earthquake.

221BCE Age of warring states in China ends as the warrior

state Ch’in predominates all others.

220BCE

219BCE -201BCE Second Punic War. Hannibal crosses

the Alps via the Little St Bernard Pass, invading

Italy from the north

218BCE Hannibal takes Torino and crushes Roman forces

under Publius Cornelius Scipio at Ticinus river.

217BCE Hannibals war elephants and cavalry contribute to

Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene.

216BCE Romans defeated at Battle of Cannae, Hannibal’s

army slaughters over 50,000.

Philip V of Macedon makes formal alliance with

Hannibal.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 212BCE Romans attempt to distract Carthaginian attention

to Sicily, under Marcellus, they seize and burn

Syracuse.

Greek mathematician Achimedes killed .

211BCE Carthaginians reach walls of Rome. Hannibal’s

brother, Hasdrubal, defeated by Romans at a ford

on Metaurus river. Hasdrubal’s force retreats

north, Hannibal goes to south.

210BCE

209BCE Shih Huang Ti, emperor of China, died, rebellion

begins.

207BCE Han dynasty supplants Ch’in in China, adopt

principles of Confucius.

202BCE General Scipio Africanus defeats Hannibal’s

exhausted army at Zena.

200BCE

197BCE A Roman expeditionary force demolishes Philip

V’s Macedonian army at Cyconscephelae.

Asia Minor – Eumenes II became king of

Pergamum.

195BCE Hannibal flees to Syria, given sanctuary by King

Antiochus III.

192BCE Hannibal lands , with Syrian forces, in Greece.

191BCE Battle of Thermopylae, Romans dismember

Antiochus’ forces, pursue them to Magnesia.

190BCE Antiochus’ forces surrender to Romans at

Magnesia.

Armenia – Artaxias I Became king.

189BCE Rhodian galleys off the Eurymedon river defeat

Hannibal.

185BCE India - Pusyamitra Sunga became emperor of the

Shunga dynasty which displaced the Mauryan rule

in India.

182BCE Hannibal commits suicide in Libyssa, to deny

Roman demands for his extradition.

180BCE China – Wen became emperor of the Han Dynasty

172BCE Rome and Macedon at war, King Perseus inflicts

initial defeats on Roman forces.

170BCE Bactria – Eucratides I became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 168BCE Roman legions regroup at Pydna, Perseus

defeated.

-167BCE Persecution of Jews around Jerusalem,

by Antiochus IV.

Desecration of the Temple provokes Maccabean

revolt.

165BCE Judas Maccabaeus rededicates re-dedicates the

Temple after expelling Syrians.

160BCE Seleucid Empire – Judas Maccabeus killed during

Battle of Elasa.

Jonathan Maccabeus became leader of

Maccabees.

Armenia – Artaxias I died, Artavasded I became

king.

159BCE Seleucid Empire – Alcimis re-established as High

Priest, after Seleucid victory in Judea.

Bactria – King Eucratides I died.

158BCE Asia Minor – Eumenes II died, Attalus II

Philadelphus became king of Pergamum.

157BCE Seleucid Empire – Jonathan Maccabeus

recognised as a minor king.

China – Emperor Wen of Han died.

156BCE Roman Republic – First Dalmatian War began.

155BCE Roman Republic – Romans conquered

Delminium, the Dalmatians were compelled to pay

tribute to Rome – end of First Dalmatian War.

Bactria – Menander I became king of Indo-Greek

Kingdom.

154BCE China – Rebellion of the Seven States.

153BCE Greece – Parts of Sikyon destroyed by

earthquake.

152BCE

151BCE India – Pusyamitra Sunga died, his son Agnimitra

became emperor.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 150BCE Seleucid Empire – Demetrius I Soter killed in

battle, Alexander Balas became king.

Alexander Balas married Cleopatra Thea.

Asia Minor – Mithridates IV Philopator

Philadelphus died, Mithridates V Eurgetesbecame

king of Pontus.

149BCE Roman Republic – -146BCE Third Punic War.

Roman supremacy is total.

Africa – Battle of Carthage began.

Macedon – Andriscus became king.

Bithynia – Prusias II was assassinated,

Nicomedes II became king.

148BCE Ireland – Corlea Trackway built in County

Longford. 148BCE Roman Republic – Battle of Pydna.

Construction of Via Postumia, links Aquileia and

Genua.

147BCE Africa – Carthage razed and levelled, less than

50,000 survive, sold into slavery.

Greece – Macedonia became part of Roman

Republic.

146BCE Roman Republic – Roman legions reign supreme

in seven imperial provinces – Corsica/Sardinia,

Transalpina, Gallia, Macedonia, Sicily, plus the

‘two Spains’ on Iberian Pennisula and ‘Africa’ (the

southern Mediterranean rim).

Rome became the sole superpower.

Africa – Carthage falls to Roman forces.

End of Third Punic War.

Greece – Battle of Corinth, Greece became

Roman province, art and treasure taken to Rome.

145BCE Syria – Battle of Antioch.

Egypt - Ptolemy VI killed in battle, succeded by

Ptolemy VII who is assassinated, succeded by

Ptolemy VIII.

144BCE Roman Republic – Aqua Marcia aquaduct built in

Rome.

Parthia – Parthians take Babylonia.

143BCE Roman Republic – Celtiberian War ends.

Judea – High Priest Jonathan Maccabaeus killed.

142BCE Roman Republic – Bridge over Tiber river

completed.

Judea – Simon Maccabaeus became High Priest.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 141BCE China – Emperor Jing of Han died, succeded by

Wu of Han.

Judea – Simon Maccabaeus became prince.

140BCE Judea – Simon Maccabaeus became king.

China – Han Wudi became emperor.

139BCE Roman Republic – Lusitanian War ends.

138BCE Parthia – King Mithridates I died, Phraates II

became emperor.

137BCE Roman Republic – Slaves in Sicily revolt against

Romans.

Valencia founded.

Numantian War begins.

Sri Lanka – King Dutugemunu died.

136BCE China – Confucianism adopted as state religion by

emperor Wu Di.

135BCE Roman Republic – First Servile War begins.

Bactria – King Menander I died, succeded by

Epander.

Judea – High Priest and prince Simon

Maccabaeus killed.

134BCE Roman Republic – Siege of Numantia.

Judea – John Hyrcanus became high priest and

prince.

133BCE Roman Republic – Asia Minor (Turkey) seized as

Rome’s eight province.

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus elected tribune.

China – June – Battle of Mayi.

132BCE Roman Republic – First Servile War ends.

Tiberius Gracchus assassinated.

131BCE Roman Republic – Aristonicus of Pergamon leads

uprising against Rome.

130BCE

129BCE Syria – Antiochus VII Sidetes killed in Battle of

Ecbatana

128BCE

127BCE Parthia – Scythians defeat Parthians.

126BCE Syria – Demetrius II died, Seleucus V Philometor

became king, Cleopatra Thea acts as regent.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 125BCE Syria – Seleucus V Philometor killed by Cleopatra

Thea, who takes throne with Antiochus VIII Grypus

as co-ruler.

124BCE Parthia – Artabanus I died, Mithridates II became

king.

123BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Gracchus became

tribune.

Carthage re-established as legionary headquarters

of Africa province.

122BCE Roman Republic – Marcus Fulvius Flaccus and

Gaius Gracchus become tribunes.

Gracchus passes law requiring state to provide

weapons and equipment for Roman army

121BCE Roman Republic – Tribunal established in Rome

that executes 3,000 followers of Gracchus.

Asia – Chineses defeat Xiongnu.

120BCE

119BCE Roman Republic – Second Dalmatian War

begins.

Greece – Hipparchus became Archon of Athens.

Asia – Battle of Mobei

118BCE Roman Republic – Roman colony of Narbo

Martius founded in Gallia Transalpina.

Second Dalmatian War ends.

Numidia – Divided into three pasrts after death of

king Micipsa. Each third ruled by Adherbal,

Hiempsal I and Jugurtha.

117BCE

116BCE Egypt – Ptolemy VIII Physcon died, Ptolemy IX

Philometor Soter II Lathyros became king.

115BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Marius is praetor in

Rome.

Middle East –Beginning of empire that will

become China. Warriors of Ch’in return from

north-west, cross Lop Nor Desert and occupy

Tarim Basin.

Parthia makes trade treaty with China.

Kingdom of Sheba collapses.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 114BCE Roman Republic – First temple of Venus built.

Asia Minor – Mithridates VI Eupator became king

of Bosporus.

113BCE Roman Republic – Germanic tribes attack Gaul

and northern Spain.

War between Celtiberians and Romans.

Persia – Antiochus IX Cyzicenus became king of

Seleucid.

112BCE Roman Republic –Jugurtha declares war against

Romans.

Asia – Silk Road opens.

111BCE Roman Republic – Fire in Rome.

Asia – Han Empire annexes Vietnamese kingdom

of Nam Viet.

China – Jiuquan founded as military outpost on

Silk Road.

110BCE Ireland – king Edersceal died. 110BCE Asia – Han Dynasty of China annexes Minyue.

109BCE

108BCE Roman Republic – Battle of Muthul.

Asia – Battle of Loulan.

107BCE

106BCE Asia – Chinese and Persians establish diplomatic

ties.

105BCE Roman Republic – Marcus Aurelius Scaurus

(politician and general) executed as prisoner of

war.

6 October – Battle of Arausio.

End of Jugurthine War.

104BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Marius became consul.

Jugurtha thrown into Tullianum and died of

starvation.

Athenion starts a slave rebellion in Segesta

(Sicily).

Judea – John Hyrcanus died, Aristobulus I

became king and high priest.

103BCE Roman Republic – Gaus Marius prepares

campaign against Ambrones and Teutones settled

in Gaul.

Judea – Aristobulus I died, Alexander Jannaeus

became king and high priest.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 102BCE Roman Republic – Battle of Aquae Sextae.

101BCE Roman Republic – Battle of Campi Raudii.

Battle of Vercellae.

Libya – Ptolemy Apion inherits kingdom of

Cyrenaica.

Egypt – Cleopatra III assassinated by her son

Ptolemy X Alexander.

100BCE Roman Republic – Lucius Valerius Flaccus and

Gaius Marius become Consuls.

Romans develop the pilum, a (1.50m) long

weapon, with one third being a spearhead.

99BCE Roman Republic – Aulus Postumius Albinus and

Marcus Antonius Orator become Consuls.

98BCE Roman Republic – Quintus Caecilius Metellus

Nepos and Titus Didius become Consuls.

97BCE Roman Republic – Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus

and Publius Licinius Dives become Comnsuls.

The Roman Senate bans human sacrifices.

Sulla displays a lion hunt in games at Rome for the

first time.

96BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Cassius Longinus and

Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus become Consuls.

Greece – Antiochus VIII Grypus died, his son

Seleucus VI Epiphanes became king of the

Seleucid Empire.

95BCE Roman Republic – - Lucius Licinius Crassus and

Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex become

Consuls.

Greece – Seleucus VI Epiphanes deposed, Philip I

Philaedelphus and Antiochus XI Ephiphanes

become co-rulers.

Asia Monor – Tigranes the Great became king of

Armenia.

94BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Coelius Caldus and

Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus become Consuls.

Anatolia – Nicomedes IV became king of Bithynia.

India – Shakas start to control the northwest.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 93BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Valerius Flaccus and

Marcus Herennius become Consuls.

Asia Minor – Ariobarzanes I Philoromanus

became king of Cappadocia.

Arshak I became king of Caucasian Iberia.

92BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Claudius Pulcer and

Marcus Perperna become Consuls.

Roman-Persian Wars begins.

Gaius Sentius became Roman governor of

Macedonia.

91BCE Roman Republic – Sextus Julius Caesar and

Lucius Marcius Philippus become Consuls.

90BCE Roman Republic – Lucius Julius Caesae and

Publius Rutilus Lupus become Consuls.

The Etruscans are granted Roma citizenship.

89BCE Roman Republic – Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo and

Lucius Porcius Cato become Consuls.

Battle of Fucine Lake.

Battle of Asculum.

First Mithridatic War begins.

88BCE Roman Republic – Social War ends.

First Civil War begins.

87BCE Roman Republic – Lucius Cornelius Cinna

elected Consul of Rome.

Sulla besieges Athens.

China – Emperor Han Wudi died.

86BCE Roman Republic – 1March – Sulla captures

Athens.

Battle of Tenedos.

Battle of Chaeronea.

85BCE Roman Republic – Battle of Orchomenus.

84BCE Roman Republic – First Mithridatic War ends.

83BCE Roman Republic – Battle of Mount Tifata.

Second Mithridatic War begins.

Fire destroys the Temple of Jupiter.

82BCE Roman Republic – Battle of the Colline Gate

81BCE Roman Republic – Sulla appointed dictator.

Second Mithridatic War ends.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 80BCE Roman Republic – Battle of the Baetis River

Egypt – Ptolemy XII Auletes became king.

Alexandria comes under Roman rule.

79BCE Roman Republic – Lucius Cornelius Sulla

renounces his dictatorship.

78BCE Roman Republic – Marcus Aemilius Lepidus

became Consul in Rome.

Third Dalmatrian War begins.

77BCE Roman Republic – City of Tigranakert built.

Sri Lanka – King Duttagamani died.

76BCE Roman Republic – End of Third Dalmatian War

Judea – King Alexander Jannaeus died.

-67BCE Salome Alexandra became queen.

-66BCE Hyrcanus II became High Priest of

Jerusalem.

75BCE Roman Republic – Cicero is quaestor in Rome.

Battle of Chalcedon.

Greece – Julius Caesar kidnapped by Cilician

pirates.

74BCE Roman Republic – Battle of Cyzicus.

Cyrene became a Roman province.

Spain – Pamplona founded.

73BCE Britain – Heli died, Lud became king. 73BCE Roman Republic – Third Servile War begins.

India – End of Sunga Empire.

72BCE Roman Republic – Battle of Cabira.

Quintus Sertorius assassinated by Arcus

Perperna.

Spain – End of Sertorian War.

Gaul – The Helvetti, under Ariovistus, invade.

71BCE Roman Republic – End of Third Servile War.

Revolt of slaves and gladiators, led by Sparticus.

Legions led by consuls Pompey and Crassus,

crush revolt, inflicting thousands of rapes,

mutilations and crucifixions.

Nessebar comes under Roman rule.

70BCE Parthia – Phraates III became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 69BCE Roman Republic – Quintus Caecilius Metellus

Creticus and Quitus Hortensius become Consuls.

Antiochus XIII Asiaticus installed as king of Syria.

Battle of Tigranocerta.

Euphrates re-established as a frontier.

Gaius Julius Caesar ia a quaestor in spain.

Egypt – Ptolemy XII deposes Cleopatra V,

becoming sole ruler.

68BCE Roman Republic – Lucius Caecilius Metellus and

Quintus Marcius Rex become Consuls.

Gaius Antonius Hybrida became Praetor.

6 October –

Battle of Artaxata.

Ostia sacked by pirates.

Osroene –Abgar II became ruler.

Greece – Romans colonize Crete.

67BCE Roman Republic – Manius Acilius Glabrio and

Gaius Calpurnius Piso become Copnsuls.

Pompey divides the Mediterranean into 13 zones,

to each assigns fleet under an admiral.

Judea – Queen Salome Alexandra died, Hyrcanus

II became king.

Pontus – Mithridates VI invades Pontus.

China – December – Battle of Jushi.

66BCE Roman Republic – Manius Aemilius Lepidus and

Lucius Volcatius Tullus become Consuls.

Gaius Antomius became Praetor.

Cicero became Praetor of Sicily.

Alliance between Mithridates VI of Pontus and

Tigranes II of Armenia is broken.

Battle of the Lycus.

Judea – -63BCE Aristobulus II became king and

high priest.

65BCE Roman Republic – Senate passes the Lex Papia,

expelling all foreigners from Rome.

64BCE Roman Republic – Agrarian Reform Law

proposed.

Pompey destroys kingdom of Pontus, annexes

Syria and Judea.

Syria – Antiochus XIII Asiaticus deposed.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 63BCE Roman Republic – Pompey’s legions conquer

Palestine, absorb it into ninth Roman province of

Syria, overthrowing Seleucid Empire.

Massacre of 12,000 Jews on the Temple Mount in

Jerusalem.

Julius Caesar elected Pontifex Maximus.

Pontus – Mithridates VI commits suicide,

Pharnaces II become king.

62BCE Roman Republic – 5 January – Battle of Pistoria.

Caesar divorces Pompeia.

Commagene – King Antiochus I Theos builds his

mountain-top tomb at Mount Nemrut.

61BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Julius Caesar wins his

first victory as a general against rebels in Iberia.

Caesar became governor of Hispania, creates

Legio X Gemina

60BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Julius Caesar returns to

Rome, elected consul, forms ‘First Triumvirate’

with Crassus and Pompey. Advocates extension

of Roman colonies in Switzerland, France and

Britain

59BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Julius Caesar and

Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus become Consuls.

Caesar marries Calpurnia.

Colonia of Florentia (Florence) founded.

58BCE Roman Republic – Lucius Calpurnius Piso

Caesoninus and Aulus Gabinius become Consuls.

Publius Clodius Pulcher institutes a monthly corn

dole for poor Romans.

Cyprus became a Roman province.

Gallic War begins.

Julius Caesar became a Procinsul, leads Legions

VII, VIII, IX and X into Gaul.

Caesar builds 19 mile earthwork and fortifications

between Lake Geneva and the Jura Mountains.

June – Battle of Arar.

July – Battle of Bibracte.

September – Battle of Vosges.

Egypt – Berenice IV became queen.

Asia – Jumong became ruler of Buyeo.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 57BCE Roman Republic – Publius Cornelius Lentulus

Spinther and Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos

Iunior becom Consuls.

May – Battle of Axona.

September – Battle of Sabis.

Parthia – Mithridates III became king.

Asia – City of Gwangju founded in South Korea.

56BCE Roman Republic – Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus

Marcellinus and Lucius Marcius Philippus become

Consuls.

55BCE Britain – August - Caesar dispatches an

expedition to Britain, deploying new Roman

warships with catapults, to subdue resistance on

landing.

55BCE Roman Republic – Marcus Licinius Crassus and

Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus become Consuls.

Caesar conquers Northern Gaul.

May – Caesar defeats Germanic army, massacre

women and children, totalling 430,000 people.

June – Ceasar crosses the river Rhine near Bonn,

Parthia – Battle of Seleucia,

54BCE England – Southern England became part of

Roman Republic following Julius Caesars second

expedition. He receives a nominal submission

from Cassivellaunus and installs Mandubracius as

king.

54BCE Roman Republic – Appius Claudius Pulcher and

Lucius Dominitius Ahenobarbus become Consuls.

Winter – Revolts in Gaul.

Pompey builds first permanent theatre in Rome.

53BCE Roman Republic – Marcus Valerius Messalla and

Gnaeus Dominitius Calvinus become Consuls.

Crassus defeated and killed by Parthians at Battle

of Carrhae.

Roman Merchants massacred at Cenabum

(Orléans).

Caesar and Pompey compete for control of Rome.

Armenia – Artavasdes II became king.

52BCE Roman Republic – Quintus Caecilius Metellus

Pius Scipio Nasica and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus

become Consuls.

Pompey marries Cornelia Metalla.

March – Siege of Avaricum (Bourges).

April/May – Siege of Gergovia.

July – Battle of Vingeanne.

Siege of Alesia.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 51BCE Roman Republic – Marcus Claudius Marcellus

and Servius Sulpicicius Rufus become Consuls.

Egypt – Spring – Pharaoh Pytolemy XII died,

succeeded by his daughter Cleopatra VII and son

Ptolemy XIII.

Asia – The Hsiung-nu split into two hordes.

50BCE Roman Republic – Lucius Aemilius Paullus and

Gaius Claudius Marcellus Minor become Consuls.

The Scorpio was invented.

Roman Republic take control of Judea.

49BCE Roman Republic – Lucius Comelius Lentulus

Crus and Gaius Claudius Marcellus Maior become

Consuls.

10 January – Julius Caesar leads army across the

Rubicon, initiating Civil War.

February – Pompey flees to Epirus.

9 March – Caesar advances against Pompeian

army in Spain.

2 August – Pompeians in Ilerda surrender to

Caesar.

24 August – Gaius Scribonius Curio defeated in

North Africa, in Battle of the Bagradas River.

September – Battle of Massilla.

October – Caesar appointed Dictator in Rome.


Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus become Consuls.

10 July – Battle of Dyrrhachium.

9 August – Battle of Pharsalia, Caesar outflanks

and defeats Pompey.

Siege of Alexandria.

Battle of Nicopolis

December – Battle of Alexandria, part of the

library burned down.

Asia – Yuan became Emperor of Han Dynasty.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 47BCE Roman Republic – Quintus Fufius Calenus and

Publius Vatinius become Consuls.

February – Battle of the Nile, Julius Caesar and

Cleopatra VII defeat rival Egyptian Queen Arsinoe

IV.

May – Battle of Zela, Caesar defeats Phamaces II

of Pontus.

Pompey murdered in Egypt on orders of Queen

Cleopatra VII.

Battle of Mount Tabor in Judea.


Marcus Aemilius Lepidus become Consuls.

4 Jan – Battle of Ruspina, Titus Lebienus defeats

Julius Caesar.

6 April – Julius Caesar defeats Pompeian and

Numidian armies.

Ceasar creates the Julian calendar.

45BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Julius Caesar became

Consol.

17 March – Battle of Munda, Titus Labenus died.

Legion XIIII Gemina and Legion X Equestris

demobilized.

Ceaser named dictator for life.

44BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Julius Ceasar and Mark

Antony become Consuls.

15 March – Conspirators, led by Marcus Brutus

and Cassius Longinus, murder Julius Caesar,

dictator of Rome.

20 March – Funeral of Julius Ceasar.

Mark Antony became first man in Rome.

Pharaoh Cleopatra VII declares her son co-ruler

as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.

Europe – Comsius became king of Dacia.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 43BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Vibius Pansa

Caetronianus and Aulus Hirtius become Consuls.

Octavian confirmed as Propraetor.

Gaius Antonius defeated by Marcus Junius Brutus

at Dyrrachium.

14 April – Battle of Forum Gallorum.

21 April – Battle of Mutina.

Sextus Pompey became supreme commander of

Roman Navy.

Gaius Cassius became Proconsul of Syria.

July-Aug – Octavian enters Rome.

7 Dec – Marcus Tullius Cicero killed.

Gaul – Lugdunum (Lyon) founded.

42BCE Roman Republic – Battle of Philippi. Brutus and

Cassius commit suicide after their army is

defeated by legions led by ‘the Second

Triumvirate’.

Roman Republic and Egypt – Mark Anthony

allies with Cleopatra, last queen of Egypt, decisive

combat takes place at sea, between war galleys of

Roman and Egyptian fleets.

41BCE Roman Republic – Lucius Antonius and Publius

Servilius Vatia Isauricus become Consuls.

Perusine War.

Lucius and Fulvia defeated in Battle of Perugia.

40BCE Roman Republic – Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus

and Gaius Asinius Polio become Consuls.

Seige of Perusia, Lucius Antonius surrenders to

Octavian.

Octavian divorces Clodia Pilchra, marries

Scribonia.

Treaty of Brundisium.

Roman ships designed with larger catapults and

towers.

Parthia – Parthians conquer Jeruselem. Antigonus

the Hasmonean became king of Judea.

39BCE Roman Republic – Battle at Taurus Mountains.

38BCE Roman Republic – 17 Jan – Octavian marries

Livia.

Treaty of Tarentum signed.

Battle of Cyrrhestica.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 37BCE Roman Republic – Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and

Titus Statilius Taurus become Consuls.

Second Pact of Tarentum.

Romans conquer Jerusalem from Parthians.

Herod the Great became king of Judea.

Ananelus became High Priest of Judea.

Roman ships strengthened with beams around

waterline.

Korea – Kingdom of Goguyeo founded by

Dongmyeong.

36BCE Roman Republic – Lucius Gellius Publicola and

Marcus Cocceius Nerva become Consuls.

Mark Antony lauched a major offensive against

Parthians.

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa secures Liparis Islands.

Agrippa received Naval Crowm(corona navalis).

Mark Antony marries Cleopatra VII.

Astrobulus III became High Priest in Jerusalem.

3 Sept – Battle of Naulochaus.

Asia – Oct-Dec – Battle of Zhizhi.

35BCE Roman Republic – Illyria became a Roman

Province.

34BCE Roman Republic – Mark Antony and Lucius

Scribonius Libo become Consuls.

Mark Antony advances into Armenia and arrests

king Artavases II.

Donations of Alexandria

33BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian

and Lucius Volcatius Tullus become Consul.

Marcus Vipsanius built Aqua Julia in Rome.

China – Crown Prince Ao became Emperor

Cheng.

32BCE Roman Republic – Gnaeus Domitius

Ahenobarbus and Gaius Sosius become Consuls.

July – Roman Senate declares war on Mark

Antony and Cleopatra VII.

Octavian proclaimed Dux.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 31BCE Roman Republic – Battle of Actium. Octavian’s

ships defeat the fleet loyal to Cleopatra and Mark

Anthony, they kill themselves following Octavian’s

victory.

Egypt became a Roman province.

30BCE Roman Republic – Octavian takes the name

Augustas after the overthrow of the Ptolemies.

Reigns as virtual, and later actual, emperor.

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian and Marcus

Lucinius Crassus Dives become Consuls.

Egypt – 1 August – Octavian Caesar captures

Alexandria.

Cleopatra commits suicide, Ptolemy XV Caesarion

executed.

29BCE Roman Republic – Octavian Caesar and Sextus

Appuleius become Consuls.

28BCE Roman Republic – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian

and Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa become consuls.

27BCE Roman Empire – 16 Jan-17 Aug 14AD – Caesar

Divi Filius Augustus became Roman Emperor.

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian and Marcus

Vipsanius Agrippa become consuls.

Construction of old Pantheon begins.

26BCE Roman Empire – Caesar Augustus and Titus

Statilius Taurus become Consul.

Campaign agains the Cantabrians in northern

Hispania.

Greece – Dioteimus Alaieus became Archon of

Athens.

India – The Andhra dynasty replaces the Kanva

dynasty.

25BCE Roman Empire – Caesar Augustus and Marcus

Junius Silanus become Consuls.

Temple of Neptune built on Circus Flaminius,

Rome.

Galatia became Roman province after King

Amyntas’ death.

24BCE Roman Empire – Caesar Augustus and Gaius

Norbanus Flaccus become Consuls.

City of Nicopolis founded in Egypt.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 23BCE Roman Empire – Caesar Augustus and Aulus

Terentius Varro Murena become Consuls.

Nubians attack Roman province of Egypt.

Vitruvius writes De Architectura (the Ten Books of

Architecture).

Israel - Herod the Great builds palace in

Jerusalem and fortress Herodian in Judaea.

22BCE Roman Empire – Lucius Arruntius and Marcus

Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus become Consuls.

Aemilius Lepidus Paullus and Lucius Munatius

Plancus become Censors.

Legions III and XXII with Gaius Petronu, goveronor

of Egypt, destroy the Napata.

Armenia – Artaxias II claims throne.

21BCE

20BCE Roman Empire – Peace treaty between Rome

and Parthia.

King Herod the Great begins renovation of the

Temple of Jerusalem.

19BCE Roman Empire – Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa

completed the Aqua Virgo (Rome).

18BCE Roman Empire – Caesar Augustus introduces

Julian Laws.

17BCE

16BCE Roman Empire – Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus

and Publius Cornelius Scipio become Consuls.

Noricum incorporated into Roman Empire.

Trier made capital of German province.

15BCE Roman Empire – Marcus Livius Drusus Libo and

Lucius Calpurnius Piso become Consuls.

Nero Claudius Drusus improves passage through

the Alps to Austria, builds Via Claudia Augusta

through Italy.

Vienna (Vindobona) became a frontier city.

Augsburg (Germany) founded as Augusta

Vindelicorum.

Chur (Switzerland) became capital of Roman

province Rhaetia.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 14BCE Roman Empire – Nero Claudius Drusus fortifies

Augusta Vangionum (Worms, Germany).

Caesar Augustus makes Beeroth (Beirut) a clonia,

named Colonia Julia Felix Berytus.

Winter – Legion X stationed in Syria.

13BCE Roman Empire – Tiberius Claudius Nero and

Publius Quinctilius Varus become Consuls.

Nero Claudius Drusus builds Castrum

Monguntiacum (Mainz, Germany)

Drusus granted governor of Gaul.

12BCE Roman Empire – Marcus Valerius Messalla

Appianus and Publius Sulpicius Quirinius become

Consuls.

Emperor Augustus given title Pontifex Maximus.

11BCE Roman Empire – Quintus Aelius Tubero and

Paullus Fabius Maximus become Consuls.

Battle of Lupia River – Romans win victory in

Germania.

Drusus builds wooden camp Castellum Bonna

near the Rhine.

10BCE Roman Empire – Africanus Fabius Maximus and

Iullus Antonius become Consuls.

Obelisk of Montecitorio brought from Egypt to

Rome by Emperor Augustus.

Germany – Bridge built across Rhine near Bonn.

Roman camp established at Speyer.

9BCE Roman Empire – Roman legions, led by Drusus

and Tiberius, push into Germania and extend

boundaries of the empire to river Elbe.

Nero Claudius Druses died after fall from horse.

Pannonia incorporated in Roman Empire as part of

Illyria.

8BCE

7BCE Roman Empire – Tiberius Claudius Nero and

Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso become Consuls.

6BCE Judaea is annexed by Rome.

5BCE


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 4BCE Palestine – Herod the Great died.

Herod Archelaus became ruler of Judea.

Herod Antipas became tetrarch of Galilee and

Perea.

3BCE Roman Empire – Lucius Domitius Abenobarbus

commands Roman army in Germania, crosses

river Elbe.

2BCE Roman Empire – Emperor Augustus proclaimed

Pater Patriae, “Father of the Country”, by Roman

Senate.

Julia the Elder, daughter of Augustus exiled to

Pandateria for treason and adultery.

Asia – Parthian Empire – Phraates IV murdered

by his son a wife.

Phraates V became king.

1BCE China – Emperor Ai of Han died, succeeded by

Ping of Han, aged 9, Wang Mang appointed

regent.


CE CE CE Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World

1 Roman Empire – -5 – Tiberius quells revolts in

Germainia.

Gaius Ceasar and Lucius Aemilius Paullus

appointed Consuls.

The Aqua Alsientina aquaduct constructed in

Rome.

Silk appears in Rome.

Greece – Aurius Paianeius became Archon of

Athens.

China – Emperor Ping begins his reign.

Africa – Aksumite Empire founded.

Amanishakheto, Queen of Kush, died, her son

Natakamani succeeds her.

2 Roman Empire – Publius Alfenus Varus and

Publius Vinicius appointed Consuls.

Greece – Cedeides became Archon of Athens.

China – Census shows a population of nearly 60

million.

Vietnam – Census shows a population of nearly 1

million.

3 Roman Empire – Lucius Aelius Lamia and Marcus

Valerius Messalla Messallinus appointed Consuls.

Greece – Menneas became Archon of Athens.

Korea – King Yuri of Goguryeo moved the capital

from Jolbon Fortress to Gumgnae Fortress.

4 Roman Empire – Sectus Aelius Catus became

Consul.

The Lex Aelia Sentia passed to regulate the

manumission of slaves.

Marcus Plautius Silvanus appointed Proconsul of

Asia.

Greece – Polianus Maradonius became Archon of

Athens.

5 Roman Empire – Gnaeus Cornelius Cinna

Magnus and Lucius Valerius Mesalla Volesus

become Consuls.

Tiberius conquers Germania Inferior.

Greece – Polycharmus Azenius became Archon of

Athens.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 6 Roman Empire – Iudea and Moesia become

Roman provinces.

Syria is guarded by Legions III, VI, X and XII.

Emperor Augustus sets up a treasury to pay

bonuses to retiring legion veterans.

Marcus Aemilius and Lucius Arruntius become

Consuls.

Greece – Theophilus became Archon of Athens.

China – 3 Feb – Emperor Ping Di died aged 14;

Wang Mang succeeds him, aged 2.

7 Roman Empire – Pannonians, Dalmatians and

Illyrians revolt against Roman rule.

Publius Quincilius Varus appointed governor of

Germania.

Abgarus of Edessa deposed as king of Osroene.

Construction of the Temple of Concord starts.

Asia – Vonones I became ruler of Parthia.

8 Britain – Tincomarus deposed king of Atrebates

flees to Rome, Eppillus succeeds him. 8 Roman Empire – 3 Aug – Tiberius defeats

Dalmations on the River Bathinus.

Marcus Furius Camillus, Sextus Nonius

Quinctilianus, and Lucius Apronius become

Consuls.

9 England – Cymbaline, king of Catuvellauni

recognized by imperial Rome as ‘Rex Brittonum’ 9 Roman Empire – Illyria became a province after

revolt is defeated.

Legions II, Xii and XX move to Germany, replacing

XIX etc destroyed at Teutoburg.

Pannonia (Hungary) submits to Roman rule.

The law Lex Papia Poppaea is adopted in Rome,

to encourage and strengthen marriage.

5% inheritance tax and 1% sales tax introduced.

China – Wang Mang seizes the throne from the

Liu family.

10 Roman Empire – Publius Cornelius Dolabella

became Consul.

China – Wang Mang outlaws the private purchase

and use of crossbows.

11 Asia – Artabanus II became ruler of Parthia.

India – Satakarni became Emperor of the Anhra

Empire.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 12 Roman Empire – Annius Rufus appointed Prefect

of Judea.

Augustus orders invasion of Germany beyond the

Rhine.

Germanicus and Gaius Fonteius Capito become

Consuls.

Armenian Artaxiad Dynasty overthrown by

Romans.

13

14 Roman Empire – 19 Aug – Emperor Augustus

died.

18 Sept-16 Mar 37 – Tiberius Caesar Augustus

became Roman Emperor.

Census indicates there are 4,973,000 Roman

citizens.

Sectus Appuleius and Sextus Pompeius become

Consuls.

15 Roman Empire – Emona founded by Legion XV.

Legion XXI stationed at Regensburg.

Valerius Gratus appointed Prefect of Judea.

16

17 Roman Empire – Cappadocia (Asia Minor)

became a Roman Province.

Lucius Aelius Sejanus became Praetorian Prefect.

Germania – Civil War begins.

Israel – Herod Antipas builds the city of Tiberias

on the western shore of the Sea of Galille.

Asia Minor – Earthquake destroys city of Sardis.

18 Roman Empire – Emperor Tiberius and

Germanicus become Consuls.

Kingdom of Marcomanni destroyed by German

chirftain Armanius.

Africa - A sub unit of Legion III destroyed by an

ambush.

Syria – Germanicus Caesar arrived as new

commander in chief for Roman East.

Asia – Germanicus concludes peace treaty with

ArtabanusII of Parthia.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 19 Roman Empire – Germanicus Julius Caesar

poisoned.

Emperor Tiberus expels Egyptians from Rome and

deports 4,000 Jews from Sicily.

Triumphant Arch built for Germanicus Julius

Caesar in Saintes, France.

20 Roman Empire – Servius Sulpicius Galba became

a Praetor.

Emperor Tiberius orders investigation and public

trial in Roman Senate for murder of Germanicus.

Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso commits suicide, fearing

he will be found guilty.

21 Roman Empire – Emperor Tiberius became

Consul (4th

time)

Asia – King Daeso of Dongbuyeo killed in battle.

22 Roman Empire – Decimus Haterius Agrippa and

Gaius Sulpicius Galba become Consuls.

Drusus Julius Caesar receives tribunician powers.

Roman law replaces Celtic customs in Gaul.

China – Han dynasty suppresses final areas of

resistance.

23 Roman Empire – Gaius Asinius Pollio and Gaius

Antistius Vetus become Consuls.

China – Liu Xuan proclaims himself emperor

against Wang Mang.

July – Battle of Kunyang.

24 Roman Empire – Servius Cornelius Cethegus and

Lucius Visellius Varro become Consuls.

Greece – Charmides became Archon of Athens.

Korea – King Namhae died, King Yuri succeeds

him to throne in Silla.

25 Roman Empire – Cossus Cornelius Lentulus and

Marcus Asinius Agrippa become Consuls.

China – Liu Xiu became emperor.

26 Roman Empire – Tiberius retires to Capris.

Pontius Pilate appointed Prefect of Judea.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 27 Roman Empire – Lucius Calpurnius Piso and

Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi become Consuls.

Fire in Rome.

Amphitheatre in Fidenae collapses, killing 20,000

of the 50,000 spectators.

Apricots brought to Rome.

An Arc de Triumph built in Rimini, in honor of

Augustus.

28 Korea – King Daru succeeds to throne of Baekje.

29 Roman Empire – Romans capture Serdica

(Sofia).

Agrippina the Elder exiled to island of Pandataria.

30 Belgium – Romans found city of Tournai.

India – Kushan Empire founded (approx. date).

31 Roman Empire – Lucius Aelius Sejanus and

Emperor Tiberius become Consuls.

Lucius Aelius Sejanus executed.

32 Roman Empire – Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus

and Lucius Arruntius Scribonianus become

Consuls.

33 Roman Empire – Servius Sulpicius Galba became

Consul.

Emperor Tiberius founds a credit bank in Rome.

Financial crisis in Rome.

Rome – -c.67 Simon Peter became Pope.

34 Roman Empire – Paullus Fabius Persius and

Lucius Vitellis become Consuls.

Construction of three tier aquaduct running 269

miles from Nîmes.

35 Asia – Tiridates III became king of Pathia.

36 Roman Empire – Pontius Pilate recalled to Rome.

Marcellus became governor of Judaea and

Samaria.

37 Roman Empire – 16 Mar – Emperor Tiberius died.

18 Mar-24 Jan 41 – Caligula, Gaius Caesar

Augustus Germenicus became Roman Emperor.

Earthquake destroys Antioch (Turkey)


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 38 Roman Empire – Anti-Jewish riot in Alexandria

during visit by Agrippa I.

Phaedrus writes his collection of fables.

39 Roman Empire – Gaius Caesar Augustus

Germanicus and Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo

become Consuls.

Caligula orders a floating bridge of ships to be built

between Baiae and Pueoli.

Caligula orders a statue of himself to be placed in

Temple of Jerusalem.

Philo leads a Jewish delegation to Rome to protest

anti-Jewish conditions in Alexandria.

40 Emperor Caligula became Consul.

Caligula starts campaign to conquer Britain 40 Roman Empire – Emperor Caligula became

Consul.

Caligula starts campaign to conquer Britain.

Caligula declares himself a god, orders all Greek

deity statues to be replaced by his, appoint his

horse a Senator.

Asia – Vardanes I became king of Parthia.

41 Roman Empire – Emperor Caligula and Gnaeus

Sentius Saturninus become Consuls.

24 Jan – Emperor Caligula assassinated.

25 Jan – 13 Oct 54 – Tiberius Claudius Caesar

Agustus Germanicus became Roman Emperor.

Claudius restores religious freedom to Jews

throught empire.

Israel – Agrippa became king of Judea.

42 Roman Empire – Emperor Claudius and Gaius

Caecina Largus become Consuls.

Romans take control of Ceuta.

Algeria and Morocco become Roman provinces.

Construction starts on Portus harbour.

Korea – Suro became king of Geumgwan Gaya.

43 England – Romans invade, resistance from

Caractacus is crushed at Medway.

Canterbury (Durovernum Cantiacorum) captured

and fort built.

London founded (Londinium).

43 Roman Empire – Emperor Claudius and Lucius

Vitellius become Consuls.

Romans have complete control of Mediteranean.

Asia – Warfare between northern and southern

Huns.

Vietnam and China – Vietnam designated a

province of China.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 44 Britain – Boudicca marries Prasutagus, king of

the Iceni. 44 Roman Empire – Gaius Sallustius Crispus

Passienus and Tiyus Statilius Taurus become

Consuls.

Mauretania became a Roman province.

Rhodes returns to Roman Empire.

Judea controlled by Roman governors.

Pomponius writes De Situ Orbis (Geography of the

Earth).

45 Roman Empire – Marcus Vinicius and Titus

Flavius Sabinus become Consuls.

Juvavum (Salzburg, Austria) awarded status of

municipium.

Emperor Claudius expels Jews from Rome.

Savaria (Szombathely, Hungary) founded.

Greece – Plutarch (historian/biographer) born.

46 Roman Empire – Decimus Valerius Asiaticus and

Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus become

Consuls.

Celje (Slovenia) awarded municipal rights.

Census shows there are more than 6,000,000

Roman citizens.

Thracia became Roman province.

Asia – Drought and invasion of locusts at

Mongolian steppes, cause famine and revolt at

Xiongnu.

47 Britain – Publius Ostorius Scapula became

governor, replacing Aulus Plautius.

Scotland – Musselburgh founded.

47 Roman Empire – Emperor Claudius and Lucius

Vitellius become Consuls.

Traiectrum (Utrecht) fortification built near mouth

of the Rhine.

Forum Claudii Vallensium (Martigny, Switzerland)

founded.

Canal Fossa Corbulonis constructed between the

Rhine and Meuse, Netherlands.

48 Britain – Publius Ostorius Scapula announces

intention to disarm Britons south and east if the

Trent and Severn. The Iceni revolt but defeated.

Romans move against Brigante tribe.

Wales – Romans move against Deceangli tribe.

48 Roman Empire – Aulus Vitellius and Lucius

Vipstanus Poplicola become Consuls.

Citizen rights granted to the Aedui, France.

49 Britain – Colonia for Roman veterans founded at

Camulodunum (Colchester).

49 Roman Empire – Claudius marries his neice,

Agrippina the Younger.

Nero became engaged to Claudia Octavia.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 50 Wales – Campaign against Silures tribe begins.

England – Romans build wooden bridge over

river Thames in London area.

50 Roman Empire – Use of soap, learned from the

Gauls, made compulsory with northern legions.

Cologne (Germany) raised to status of a city.

Asia – (approx. date) Kushan Empire created

when Tocharian and Yeu-Chi tribes united.

51 Wales – Publius Ostorius Scapula defeats

Caratacus and the Silures.

England – Caratacus seeks sanctuary from

Cartimandua, queen of the Brigantes, she is a

Roman ally and hands him over to Ostorius.

51 Roman Empire – Emperor Claudius and Titus

Flavius Vespasianus becom Consuls.

Caratacus exhibited in chains in Rome.

Parthia – Gotarzes II died, Vonones II succeeds

but died a few months later, his son Vologases I

became ruler.

52 Wales – Governor Publius Ostorius Scapula died

campaigning against the Silures. Aulus Didius

Gallus replaces him.

52 Roman Empire – Claudius has a 5.6km tunnel

dug through Monte Salviano in an attempt to

control Fucine Lake.

The execution of old and crippled slaves is

prohibited.

Pliny the Elder writes his accounts of the German

wars.

China – The Yuejue Shu gazetteer was written

during the Han Dynasty.

53 Roman Empire – Decimus Junius Silanus

Torquatus and Quintus Haterius Antoninus

become Roman Consuls.

Nero marries Clausia Octavia.

54 England – Venutius leads a revolt against

Cartimandua, queen of the Brigantes. Goveronor

Aulus Didius Gallus sends military aid to her.

54 Roman Empire – 13 Oct – Emperor Claudius

died.

13 Oct-11 June 68 – Nero Claudius Caesar

Augustus Germanicus became Roman Emperor.

Nero attempts to prohibit the gladiatorial games.

Gnaeus Dominitius Corbulo became governor of

Asia.

Clashes between Jews and Pagans erupts in

Caesarea following a local ordinance restricting

the civil rights of the Jews. The Roman garrison

takes the side of the pagans.

Winter – Dominitius Corbulo takes Legio VI

Ferrata and Legio X into the mountains of

Cappadocia. Takes them on a 25 mile training

march and weapons drill.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 55 Roman Empire – Nero became Consul.

Britannicus, son of Claudius, killed by supporters

of Nero.

56 Roman Empire – Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus

became Consul.

War begins between Rome and Parthia, following

the invasion of Armenia by Vologases I.

57 Britain – Quintus Veranius Nepos became

governor.

Wales – Quintus Veranius Nepos begins

campaign against Silures.

57 Roman Empire – Nero became Consul.

China – Emperor Guangwu of Han died, Han

Mingdi became Emperor.

58 Roman Empire – Emperor Nero and Marcus

Valerius Corvinus become Consuls.

Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo leads the Roman army

against the fortress at Volandum in Armenia.

China – Ming-Ti became emperor, moves against

military aristocracy, introduces Buddhism.

59 Roman Empire – Nero has his mother, Agrippina

the Younger, killed.

60 Britain – Romans build a bridge over river

Thames in London.

Roman army take possession of East Anglia,

Icenian chiefs deprived of their hereditary estates.

Boudica is flogged, her daughters are publicly

raped.

Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, governor of Britannia,

leads campaign on island of Mona (Anglesey)

Boudica joins Celtic tribes in revolt against

Romans.

Legio IX Hispana defeated and Camulodunum

(Colchester) is destroyed.

Boudica attacks Londinium (London) and

Verulamium (St. Albans)

60 Roman Empire – Nero sends an expedition to the

Meroë (Sudan)

Roman defeat the Rhoxolani on the Danube.

Herod Agrippa II rules the northeast of Judea.

61 Wales – The Druidic stronghold in Anglesey

destroyed by Suetonius Paulinus.

England – Verulamium (St. Alban) attacked and

burnt by Britons. Roman citizens killed.

Boudica defeated at Battle of Watling Street by

Roman army.

61 Roman Empire – Publius Petronius Turpilianus

and Lucius Caesennius PAetus become Consuls.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 62 Roman Empire – Emperor Nero marries Poppaea

Sabina.

Parthians invade Armenia.

Battle of Rhandeia.

A large storm destroys 200 ships in the port of

Portus.

Italy – 5 Feb – Earthquake measuring 6.0Mw,

epicentre in Bay of Naples.

63 Roman Empire – Vespasian became governor of

Africa.

Pompeii damaged by earthquake.

64 Roman Empire – 18 July – Great Fire of Rome.

First persecution of Christians.

Phoenicia became part of Syria.

65 Roman Empire – Gaius Calpurnius Piso

comspires against emperor Nero.

Cestius Gallus became legate of Syria.

Emperor Nero kills his pregnant wife with a kick to

the stomach.

China – First official reference to Buddhism made.

Africa – First Christian community in Africa

founded.

66 England – Legio II Augusta stationed at

Gloucester. 66 Roman Empire – Suetonius Paullinus became

Consul.

22 September – Emperor Nero creates Legio I

Italica.

-70 - Jewish revolt begins against Roman Empire.

The Zealots attack Jerusalem and destroy Roman

garrison.

The Sacarii capture the fortress of Masada.

Cestius Gallus leads Roman army into Judea to

put down Jewish rebellion.

Halley’s Comet is visible.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 67 Roman Empire – Gaius Licinius Mucianus

became governor of Syria.

Vespasian and Titus go to Judea to put down

Jewish Revolt.

Siege of Jotapata, massacre of 40,000 Jewish

inhabitants.

Massacre of Jewish inhabitants at fortress in the

Golan.

Sardinia became a Roman province.

Greece – Emperor Nero takes part in the Olymic

Games.

Rome – -c.76 – Linus became Pope.

68 Roman Empire – 11 June – Emperor Nero

commits suicide.

8 June-15 Jan 69 – Servius Galba Imperator

Caesar Augustus became Roman Emperor.

Legio I Macriana Liberatrix and Legio I Adiutrix

created.

Marcus Ulpius Trajanus became Consul.

Trajan lays siege to Jericho.

China – An iron chain suspension bridge is

constructed.

Buddist White Horse Temple built.

69 England – Mutiny of Legio XX Valeria Victrix at

Deva Victrix (Chester). Marcus Trebellius

Maximus, governor of Britannia, forced to flee to

Gaul.

Marcus Vettis Bolanus became governor of

Britannia, faces insurrection of Venutius, king of

the Brigantes.

69 Roman Empire – 15 Jan – Emperor Galba

murdered.

15 Jan – Marcus Otho Caesar Augustus became

Roman Emperor.

14 April – First Battle of Bedriacum.

16 April – Emperor Otho commits suicide.

17 April – Aulis Vitellius Germanicus Augustus


1 August – Batavavian rebellion.

24 October – Second Battle of Bedriacum.

20 Dec – Emperor Vitellius murdered.

1 July-24 June 79 – Titus Flavius Caesar

Vespasianus Augustus became Roman Emperor.

Legio I Macriana Liberatrix disbanded.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 70 Roman Empire – Emperor Vespasian and Tirus

Caesar Vespasian become Consuls.

Building of the Colosseum is started.

Legio II Adiutrix created.

Siege of Jerusalem

Roman catapults apparently able to send stones

weighing 25kg (55lbs), 365m (400yds) or further.

Legio V Alaudae and Legio XV Primiaenia

destroyed during Batavian Revolt.

Legio I Germanica, Legio IIII Macedonicxa, Legio

XVI Gallica disbanded.

71 Fortess of Eboracum established by

Romans, Legio IX Hispana, based here. 71 Engalnd – Battle of Stanwick, Quintus Petillius

Cerialis puts down revolt by Brigantes. 71 Roman Empire – Emperor Vespasian and Marcus

Cocceius Nerva become Consuls.

Battle of Treves.

Herodium, Jewish fortress, destroyed by Legio X

Fretensis.

72 Roman Empire – Vespian and Titus become

Consuls.

First Jewish-Roman War.

Work begins on the building of the Colosseum in

Rome.

73 Roman Empire – Titus Flavious Domitianus

became Consul.

Asia – February – Battle of Yiwulu

74 Roman Empire – Emperor Vespasian and Titus

Caesar Vespanianus becom Consuls.

Black Forest region reattached to Roman Empire.

75 Britain – Sextus Julius Frontinus became

governor, makes his headquarters in Isca Augusta

(Wales).

Wales – Frontinus starts conquest, Legio II

Augusta moved to border of River Usk.

Venta Silurum (Caerwent) founded.



Temple of Peace built in Rome.

Armazi (Georgia) is fortified.

Asia – Accession of Han Zhangdi.

76 Wales – Sextus Julius Frontinus subdues the

Silures, and other hostile tribes.

Fortress at Isca Augusta (Caerleon) built for Legio

II Augusta.



Rome – -c.88 – Anacletus became Pope.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 77 Britain – Gnaeus Julius Agricola became

governor.

Wales – Agricola subdues the Ordovices tribe.

Winter – Agricola conquers Anglesey.

Scotland – Caledonian tribes formed in a

confederacy under the leadership of Calgacus.

Romans discover Orkney and Shetland Islands.

77 Asia – Giru became king of Baekje in the Korean

peninsula.

78

79 England - Deva Victrix (Chester) founded. The

fortress built for Legio II Adiutrix.

Mamucium (Manchester) founded.

Scotland – Agricola attempts to enter Caladonia.

79 Roman Empire – 24 Jun – Emperor Vespasian

died.

24 Jun-13 Sept 81 – Titus Flavius Caesar

Vespasianus Augustus became Roman Emperor.

24 August – Mount Vesuvius erupts destroying

Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabiae and Oplontis.

80 England – Legio II Adiutrix stationed at Lindum

Colonia (Lincoln) 80 Roman Empire – Emperor Titus inaugurates the

Colosseum with 100 days of games.

Pantheon destroyed by fire.

Eifel Aqueduct built.

81 Roman Empire – 13 Sept – Emperor Titus died.

14 Sept-18Sept 96 – Titus Flavius Caesar

Domitianus Augustus became Roman Emperor.

Arch of Titus built.

Pliny the Younger id priest in the cult of the

Emperor.

The silver content in the denarius rises to 92%.

82 Scotland – Gnaeus Julius Agricola raises a fleet

and encircles Celtic tribes beyond the Forth.

Calgacus unites the Picts, and made chieftain of

the Caledonian Confederacy.

82 Roman Empire – Emperor Domitian became

Consul.

83 Scotland – Inchtuthil, Roman fort built. 83 Roman Empire – Emperor Domitian became

Consul.

Castration of slaves prohibited in Rome.

84 Roman Empire – Roman fortification, the Limes,

built along the Rhine-frontier.

85 Roman Empire – Domitian appoints himself

censor for life, gives him right to control the

Senate.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 86 Roman Empire – Domitian introduces the

Capitoline Games.

Germany – divided ingto Upper and Lower

provinces.

Dacia – First Battle of Tapae.

87 Dacia – Decebalus became king.

88 Roman Empire – Two Egyptian obelisks erected

in Benevento in front of Temple of Isis, in honour

of Emperor Domitian.

End of First Dacian War.

Asia – Emperor Han Zhangdi died aged 31, his

son Zhao succeeds him as Emperor Han Hedi,

aged 9 years.

Rome – Pope Anacletus I died.

-97 - Clement I became Pope.

89 Dacia – Legio XIII Gemina transferred here to help

in war against Decebalus.

Asia – Battle of Ikh Bavan.

90 Roman Empire – Emperor Domitian and Nerva

become Consuls.

Cologne became capital of Germania Inferior.

Emperor Domitian buys peace from Decebalus of

Dacia.

Parthia – King Artabanus III died, succeeded by

Pacourus II.

91 Roman Empire – Manius Acilius Glabrio and

Marcus Ulpius Trajanus become Consuls.

Pliny the Younger named a tribunes plebis.

Asia – Chinese government re-establishes

Protectorate of the Western Regions.

92 Roman Empire – Emperor Domitian became

Consul.

The Marcomanni are defeated by Romans at the

Danube.

Roman army moves into Mesopotamia.

Dacia – First Battle of Adamclisi.

93 Roman Empire – Pliny the Younger named a

Praetor.

Emperor Domitians persecutes the Christians.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 94 Roman Empire – Emperor Domitian rebuilds and

rededicates the Curia Julia.

Domitian bans philosophers from Rome.

Asia – Chinese General Ban Chao takes Yangi.

95 Roman Empire – Emperor Domitian and Titus

Flavius Clemens become Consuls.

Domitian executes senators fearing they were

plotting to kill him.

Sextus Julius Frontinus appointed superintendent

of the aquaducts in Rome.

96 Roman Empire – 18 Sept – Emperor Domitian

assassinated.

18 Sept-27 Jan 98 – Marcus Coccieus Nerva

Caesar Augustus became Roman Emperor.

Arch of Titus completed in Rome.

Construction of the Forum of Nerva begins in

Rome.

Marcus Ulpius Trajanus became governor of

Upper Germany.

97 Roman Empire – 28 October – Marcus Ulpius

Trajanus recalled from German frontier.

Roman colony of Cuicul started in Numidia.

Nerva recognizes the Sanhedrin of Jamnia as an

official government body of the Jews.

Rome – -c.107 – Aristus became Pope.

98 Roman Empire – 27 Jan – Emperor Nerva died.

28 Jan-7Aug 117 – Caesar Marcus Ulpius Nerva

Trajianus Augustus became Roman Emperor.

Trajan reopens the canal between the Nile and the

Red Sea.

Trajan begins a form of state wlfare assuring poor

children are fed and taken care of.

99 Roman Empire – during the 1st C, Romans begin

to use segmented iron torso armour (lorica

segmentata).


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 100 Britain – Tiberius Avidius Quietus became

governor. 100 Roman Empire – Emperor Trajan and Sextus

Julius Frontinus become Consuls.

Bricks become the primary building material.

Africa – Timgad founded.

Asia – Pakores became king of the Indo-Pathian

Kingdom.

Wheelbarrows first used in China.

Americas – The Moche civilization starts building

a society in modern Peru.

101 Roman Empire – Second Battle of Tapae.

Indonesia – Tibetans introduce Buddist religion.

102 Roman Empire – Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus

and Lucius Licinius Sura become Consuls.

Port of Portus enlarged.

India – presence of sugar in Urine interpreted as

sign of illness.

103 Roman Empire – Trajan and Manius Laberius

Maximus become Consuls.

Pliny the Younger became member of College of

Augurs.

Legio X Gemina moves to Vienna.

Syria – Temple of the Sun erected to the god Baal

in Palmyra.

104 Roman Empire – Fire breaks out in Rome.

Trajan orders building of Alcántara Bridge over

Tagus river.

Stone bridge built over the Danube between

Serbia and Romania.

105 Roman Empire – Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix and

Legio II Traiana Fortis created.

Romans conquer Kerak from the Nabateans.

Pacorus II of Parthia died, succeeded by

Vologases III.

Asia – Emperor He Di died, Shang Di became

emperor, aged 3 months.

Peace treaty signed between Baekje and Silla in

Korean peninsula.

Paper making refined by Cai Lun.

106 Roman Empire – Battle of Sarmizegetusa.

11 August – south eastern part of Dacia

(Romania) became Roman province


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 107 Roman Empire – Lucius Licinius Sura and

Quintus Sosius Senecio become Consuls.

Asia – Han Andi became emperor of China.

Suishō, king of Wa (Japan) sends 160 slaves to

Emperor An of Han.

Bagan (in Burma) founded.

Rome – -.115 – Alexander I became Pope.

108 Roman Empire – Appius Annius Trebonius Gallus

and Marcus Appius Bradua become Consuls.

109 Roman Empire – Pliny the Younger is legate to

Bithynia.

Parthian Empire – Pacorus II died, Osroes I

succeeds him.

110 Roman Empire – Forum of Trajan constructed in

Rome.

Asia – Tacitus became Proconsul.

Caravans regularly depart from Luoyang with

ginger, cassia and silk to be bartered in Central

Asia for gold, silver, g;assware, pottery, cloth and

intaglio gems from Rome.

China – Earthquake, epicentre in Dian Kingdom,

Yunnan.

111 Roman Empire – Pliny the Younger sent to

Bithyania as governor.

Asia – Indian Emperor Cenguttuvan invades

Kushan Empire.

112 Roman Empire – Trajan and Titus Sextius

Africanus become Consuls.

Publius Cornelius Tacitus became governor of

Anatolia.

Hadrian became Archon of Athens.

Korea – Pasa died, Jima became king.

113 Roman Empire – Trajan begins begins expedition

against Parthia.

Trajan Column built in Rome to commemorate in

Second Dacian War.

Armenia annexed and became a Roman province.

Asia – “Pattini dheivam” worship inaugurated in

Kannagi Temple in Chera Kingdom, South India.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 114 Roman Empire – Arch of Trajan built in

Benevento.

Osroene became vassal kingdom of Roman

Empire.

Trajan defeats Pathians.

Greece – Monument to Philopappos erected in

Athens.

115 Roman Empire – Trajan captures Parthian capital

Ctesiphon.

Kitos War

Rome – -125 – Sixtus I became Pope.

116 Roman Empire – Trajan captures Pathian cities of

Seleucia, Babylon, and Susa.

Osroes I removed as king of Parthia,

Parthamaspates appointed in his place.

Legio III Cyrenaica sent to Judea.

Legio VII Claudia sent to Cyprus.

117 Roman Empire - End of Kitos War.

7 Aug – Emperor Trajan died of Stroke, aged 63.

11 Aug-10 Jul 138 – Caesar Publius Aelius

Trajianus Hadrianus Augustus became Roman

Emperor.

Construction of Pantheon begins in Rome.

Silver content in Roman Denarius falls to 87%

from 93%.

118 Roman Empire – Roman Forum completed.

Hadrian became Consul.

119 Britain – Legio VI Victrix stationed in Britain. 119

120 Britain – Hadrian visits Britain.

Foss Dyke constructed in Lincoln. 120

121 Britain – Hadrian visits and orders construction of

a fortified wall between Tyne and Solway.

121 Roman Empire – Construction of Temple of

Venus and Roma begins in Rome.

122 Britain – 13 September Hadrian’s Wall started.

Cohort VIIII Batavorum garrisoned at Vindolanda. 122

123 Britain – Housesteads Fort built on Hadrian’s

Wall. 123 Roman Empire – Hadrian’s Villa built at Tivoli.

China – Ban Yong re-establishes Chinese control

over Tarim Basin.

124 Roman Empire – Hadrian starts to rebuild the

Olympeion in Athens.

India – Nahapana, king of Scythians died in battle.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 125 Roman Empire – Hadrian establishes the

Panhellenion.

Hadrian distributes imperial lands to small farmers.

Africa – Plague in North Africa.

India – king Gautamiputra Satakarni of Andhra

dynasty destroys kingdom of Maharashtra.

China – Zhang Heng invents a hydraulic-powered

armillary sphere.

Rome – Pope Sixtus I died.

-138 Telesphorus became Pope.

126

127 Britain – Hadrian’s Wall completed. 127 Roman Empire – Hadrian determines that

Christians not put to death without a trial.

128 Roman Empire – Free bread distributed to the

poor.

Asia – Giru died, Gaeru became king of Baekje in

Korean peninsula.

129

130 Roman Empire – Law passed in Rome, banning

execution of slaves without trial.

Temple of Olympian Zeus completed in Athens.

Triumphal Arch for Hadrian built in Geresa.

Hadrian’s Gate in Antalya, Turkey built.

India – Huviska became king of the Kushan

Empire.

Asia – Basra became capital of Arabia.

131 Roman Empire – Hadrian builds city Aelia

Capitolina on location of Jerusalem.

Reorganization of Imperial Council.

The Equestrian Order given full legal status.

Italy divided into legal districts managed by

consuls.

Hadrian prohibits practice of circumcision, public

reading of Torah, observance of festivals and the

Sabbath, teaching of Judaic Law and ordination of

Rabbis.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 132 Britain – Merchants build structures outside forts

of Hadrian’s Wall. 132 Roman Empire – Temple of Olymian Zeus in

Athens completed.

Bar Kokhba Revolt begins in Judea.

Leg X Fretensis evacuate Jerusalem – Jews enter

city, strike coins to celebrate independence.

Leg XXII Deiotariana destroyed.

Construction begins on Mausoleum of Hadrian

(Castel Sant’Angelo) in Rome.

China – Zhang Heng invents seismometer.

133 Britain – Sextus Julius Severus, governor of

Britain leaves for Judea. 133 Roman Empire – Sextus Julius Severus sent to

Judea to quell revolt.

134 Roman Empire – Romans retake Jerusalem.

A university opens in Rome.

Hadrian’s Villa in Tivoli completed.

135 Roman Empire – End of Bar Kokhba Revolt.

Hadrian bars Jews from Jerusalem.

Legio VI Ferrata rebuild fortress in Jerusalem.

Alter to Jupiter built on site of theTemple in

Jerusalem.

136 Roman Empire – Hadrian chases Jews from

Gallilee.

Triumphal Arch built near Scythopolis.

Roman province of Judea and Galilee became

Syria Palaestina.

137 Roman Empire – Tax laws passed for trade in

Palmyra.

138 Roman Empire - 10 Jul – Emperor Hadrian died

of heart failure.

10 Jul-7Mar 161 – Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrainus

Antoninus Augustus Pius became Roman

Emperor.

Construction of Theatre of Philadelphia (Amman)

starts.

Silver content of denarius fell to 75%.

Rome – Pope Telesphorus died.

-142 – Hyginus became Pope.

139 Roman Empire – Antoninus Augustus Pius and

Caius Bruttius Praesens become Consuls.

Tomb of Hadrian completed in Rome.

Marcus Aurelius named Caesar.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 140 Roman Empire – Antoninus Augustus Pius and

Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Consuls.

Parthian Empire - King Mithridates IV died,

Vologases III claims throne.

141 Roman Empire – Temple of Antoninus and

Faustina built in Rome.

Halley’s Comet recorded.

142 Britain – Construction of Antonine Wall started. 142 Rome – Pope Hyginus died.

-155 – Pius I became Pope.

143 Britain – Brigantes revolt suppressed by Quintus

Lollius Urbisus. 143 Roman Empire – Antoninus Pius became Consul.

144 Roman Empire – Lucius Hedius Rufus Lollianus

Avitus and Titus Statilius Maximus become

Consuls.

Campaigns in Mauretania begin,

China – Emperor HanShundi died, Han Chongdi

succeeds.

145 Roman Empire – Antoninus Augustus Pius and

Marcus Aurelius Caesar becom Consuls.

Arrian became Archon in Athens.

China – Emperor Han Chongdi died, succeeded

by Han Zhidi.

India – Ajmere founded.

146 Roman Empire – Faustina the Younger became

Roman Empress.

China – Emperor Han Zhidi died, succeded by

Han Huandi.

147 Roman Empire – 900th anniversary of founding of

Rome.

Pathia – King Vologases III died, succeded by

Vologases IV.

148

149

150

151 Asia – Mytilene and Smyrna destroyed by and

earthquake.

152

153


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 154

155 Britain – Romans begin to leave Hadrian’s Wall. 155 Roman Empire – Rome stated that although it did

not recognize it as an official religion, Judaism

must be tolerated.

Circumcision was relegalized.

Rome - 11 July – Pope Pius I died.

-166 – Anicetus became Pope.

156

157

158

159 India – Shivashri Satakarni became king

Satavahana of Andhra.

160 Rome – Manufacture of soap with grease, lime

and ashes began.

China – Buddhist monks arrive.

161 Roman Empire – 7 Mar – Emperor Antonius Pius

died.

7 Mar-Mar 169 – Caesar Lucius Aurelius Verus

Augustus became Roman Emperor.

162

163

164 Roman Empire – Plague spreads, little travelling

or military activity for 16 years.

165

166 Rome – Pope Anicetus died.

-175 – Soter became Pope.

167

168

169 Roman Empire – Mar – Emperor Lucius Verus

died.

7 Mar-17 Mar 180 – Caesar Marcus Aurelius

Antonius Augustus became Roman Emperor.

170

171

172

173

174


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 175 Rome – Pope Soter died.

-189 – Eleuterus became Pope.

176

177 Roman Empire – -31 Dec 192 – Caesar Marcus

Aurelius Commodus Antonius Augustus became

Roman Emperor

178

179

180 Scotland – Roman expeditionary force defeated,

IX Legion retreats south of Hadrian’s Wall. 180 Roman Empire – 17 Mar – Emperor Marcus

Aurelius died.

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189 Rome – Pope Eleuterus died.

-199 – Victor I became Pope.

190 Britain – Albinus proclaims himself emperor, killed

at Battle of Lyons. 190

191

192 Roman Empire – 1 Dec – Emperor Commodus

assassinated.

193 Roman Empire – 1 Jan – Caesar Publius Heluius

Pertinax Augustus became Roman Emperor.

26 Mar – Emperor Pertinax murdered.

28 Mar – Caesar Marcus Didius Severus

Julianaus Augustus became Roman Emperor.

1 June – Emperor Didius Julianus executed.

9 April-4 Feb 211 – Caesar Lucius Septimius

Severus Pertinax Augustus became Roman

Emperor.

194

195

196



198 Roman Empire – -8 April 217 – Caesar Marcus

Aurelius Severus Antonius Pius Augustus

(Caracalla) became co Roman Emperor with

Severus.

199 Rome – Pope Victor I died.

-217 – Zephyrinus became Pope.

200 Afghanistan – Huns invade.

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209 Roman Empire – Caesar Publius Septimius Geta

Augustus became Co Roman Emperor with

Severus and Caracalla.

210

211 4 February – Emperor Severus died at

York.

His sons Caracalla and Geta assumed

joint sovereign rule, but Caracella

murdered his brother and married his

mother-in-law.

211 Roman Empire – 4 Feb - Co-Emperor Septimius

Severus died.

26 Dec – Co-Emperor Geta murdered on order of

Caracalla.

Caracalla became sole Roman Emperor.

212 Roman Empire – Roman citizenship granted to

every freeborn subject.

213

214

215

216


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 217 Roman Empire – 8 April – Emperor Caracalla

murdered.

11 April-8 June 218 – Marcus Opellius Severus

Marcrinus Augustus Pius Felix became Roman

Emperor; Marcus Oppellius Antonius

Diadumenianus appointed Junior Emperor.

Rome – Pope Zephyrinus died.

-223 – Callixtus I became Pope.

218 Roman Empire – 8 June – Co-Emperors

Marcrinus and Diadumenian executed.

8 June-11 Mar 222 – Marcus Aurelius Antonius

Augustus (Elagabalus) became Roman Emperor.

219

220 China – Civil Wars, Han dynasty falls.

221 Asia Minor and Balkan Peninsula – Goths from

Germany invade.

222 Roman Empire – 11 Mar – Emperor Elagabalus

murdered.

Roman Empire – 13 Mar-18 Mar 235 – Caesar

Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus


223 Rome – Pope Callixtus died.

-230 – Urban I became Pope.

224

225 India – End of Andgra dynasty, start of Civil Wars.

Southern India broken up into a dozen kingdoms.

226

227

228

229

230 Rome – Pope Urban I died.

21 July – 28 Sept 235 Pontanian became Pope.

231

232

233

234


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 235 Roman Empire – 18 Mar – Emperor Alexander

Severus murdered.

20 Mar-April 238 – Caesar Gaius Julius Verus

Maximinus Augustus became Roman Emperor.

Rome – 28 Sept – Pope Pontian died.

21 Nov – 3 Jan 236 – Anterus became Pope.

236 Rome – 3 Jan – Pope Anterus died.

10 Jan – 20 Jan 250 – Fabian became Pope.

237

238 Roman Empire – April – Emperor Maximus Thrax

assassinated.

22 Mar – Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus

Sempronianus Africanus Augustus proclaimed co

Roman Emperor with Caesar Marcus Antonius

Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus

Augustus.

12 April – Co-Emperor Gordian II killed in Battle of

Carthage, Gordian I commits suicide.

22 April– Caesar Marcus Clodius Pupienus

Maximus Augustus proclaimed Co Roman

Emperor with Caesar Decimus Caelius Calvinus

Balbinus Pius Augustus and

22 April-11 Feb 244 - Caesar Marcus Antonius

Gordianus Augustus.

29 July – Co-Emperors Pupienus Maximus and

Balbinus assassinated.

239

240

241

242

243

244 Roman Empire – 11 Feb – Emperor Gordian III

died.

Feb – Sept/Oct 249 – Caesar Marcus Julius

Phillipus (the Arab) Augustus became Roman

Emperor

245

246

247



249 Roman Empire – Sept/Oct – Emperor Philip the

Arab killed in battle.

Sept/Oct-June 251 – Caesar Gaius Messius

Quintus Trajanus Dicius Augustus proclaimed

Roman Emperor.

250 Rome – 20 Jan – Pope Fabian died.

251 Roman Empire – Herrennius Etruscus became

Co Roman Emperor.

June – Co-Emperors Decius and Herennius

Etruscus killed in Battle of Abrittus.

June – Caesar Caius Valens Hostilianus Messius

Quintus Augustus accepted as Roman Emperor by

the Senate.

June – Aug 253 – Caesar Gaius Vibius

Trebonianus Gallus Augustus Proclaimed Roman

Emperor by Danubian legions: he made his son

Volusianus Co-Emperor.

Sept/Oct – Roman Emperor Hostilian died.

Rome – 6 Mar – June 253 – Cornelius became

Pope.

252

253 Roman Empire – Aug – Co-Emperors

Trebonianus Gallus and Vousianus assassinated.

Aug – Caesar Marcus Aemilius Amilianus


Sept/Oct – Emperor Aemilianus assassinated.

Oct-260 – Caesar Publius Licinius Valerianus


Oct-Sept 268 – Caesar Publius Licinius Egnatius

Gallienus Augustus made Co-Emperor.

Rome – June – Pope Cornelius died.

25 June – 5 Mar 254 – Lucius I became Pope.

254 Rome – 5 Mar – Pope Lucius I died.

12 May – 2 Aug 257 – Stephen I became Pope.

255

256

257 Spain – Franks invade.

Rome – 2 Aug – Pope Stephen I died.

30 Aug – 6 Aug 258 – Sixtus II became Pope.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 258 Italy – Alemanni, supported by Suevi, conquers

most of northern Italy, defeated by Roman army at

Milan.

Rome – 6 Aug – Pope Sixtus II died.

259 Rome – 22 July – 26 Dec 268 – Dionysius

became Pope.

260 Roman Empire – Emperor Valerian died in

captivity after capture at Battle of Edessa.

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268 Roman Empire – Sept – Co-Emperor Gallianus

murdered.

Sept-Jan 270 – Caesar Marcus Aurelius Claudius

(Gothicus) Augustus became Roman Emperor.

Greece – Goths sack Athens, Sparta and Corinth.

Rome – 26 Dec – Pope Dionysius died.

269 Rome – 5 Jan-30 Dec 274 – Felix I became Pope.

270 Roman Empire – Jan - Emperor Claudius

Gothicus died.

Jan – Caesar Marcus Aurellius Claudius

Quintilius Augustus became Roman Emperor.

? – Emperor Quintilius died.

Sept?-Sept 275 – Caesar Lucius Dominus

Aurelianus Augustus proclaimed Roman Emperor

by Danubian legions.

271

272 Constantine born at York. 272

273

274 Rome – 30 Dec – Pope Felix I died.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 275 Roman Empire – Sept – Emperor Aurelian

assassinated.

25 Sept-June 286 – Caesar Marcus Claudius

Tacitus Augustus became Roman Emperor.

Rome – 4 Jan- 7 Dec 283 – Eutychian became

Pope.

276 Roman Empire – June – Emperor Tacitus died.

June-Sept? – Caesar Marcus Annius Florianus


Sept? – Emperor Florianus assassinated.

Sept?-Sept/Oct 282 – Caesar Marcus Aurelius

Probus Augustus proclaimed Roman Emperor by

Danubian legions.

277

278

279

280

281

282 Roman Empire – Sept/Oct – Emperor Probus

assassinated.

Sept/Oct-July/Aug 283 - Caesar Marcus Aurelius

Carus Augustus became Roman Emperor.

283 Roman Empire – July/Aug – Emperor Carus

died.

July/Aug-284 – Caesar Marcus Aurelius Numerus

Numerianus Augustus became Co Roman

Emperor with

-285 – Caesar Marcus Aurelius Carinus Augustus.

Rome – 7 Dec – Pope Eutychian died.

17 Dec-22 April 296 – Caius Became Pope.

284 Roman Empire – Emperor Numerian died.

20 Nov-1 May 305 – Caesar Gaius Aurelius

Valerius Diocletianus Augustus proclaimed

Roman Emperor.

285 Britain – Carausius, commander of Roman fleets

in British waters proclaims himself emperor of an

independent Britain.

285 Roman Empire – Empire divided into west and

east.

Emperor Carinus died in Battle.

286 Roman Empire – 1 Apr-1 May 305 – Caesar

Gaius Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus

adopted as senior Co-Emperor.



288

289

290

291

292

293

294

295

296 Rome – 22 Apr – Pope Caius died.

30 Jun-1 Apr 304 – Marcellinus became Pope.

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304 Rome – 1 Apr – Pope Marcellinus died.

305 Roman Empire – 1 May – Co-Emperors

Diocletian and Maximian abdicate.

1 May-25 July 306 – Caesar Gaius Flavius

Valerius Constantius (Chlorus) Augustus

became Co-Roman Emperor with

1 May-May 311 – Caesar Galerius Valerius

Maximianus Augustus.

306 25 July - Constantius died at York.

Constatine, his son proclaimed emperor. 306 Roman Empire – 25 July – Co-Emperor

Constantius I Chlorus died.

July-Mar/Apr 307 – Flavius Valerius Severus

Augustus became co Roman Emperor.

25 July-22May 337 – Caesar Flavius

Constantinus Valerius Augustus proclaimed

Roman Emperor, accepted as Caesar (west).

28 Oct-28 Oct 312 – Marcus Aurelius Valerius

Maxentius Augustus seizes power.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 307 Roman Empire – 16 Sept – Roman Emperor

Severus II commits suicide/murdered after capture

in Mar/April by Maxentius.

Constantine I promoted to Augustus (west)

Maxentius made Caesar (west).

308 Roman Empire – 11 Nov-Sept 324 – Caesar

Valerius Licinius Augustus appointed Augustus

(west)

Rome – - 309 – Marcellus I became Pope.

309 Rome – Pope Marcellus died.

-310 – Eusebius became Pope.

310 Rome – Pope Eusebius died.

311 Roman Empire – May – Co-Emperor Galerius

died.

1 May- July/Aug 313 – Caesar Galerius Valerius

Maximinus (Daia) Augustus became Roman

Emperor.

Rome – 2 Jul-10 Jan 314 – Miltiades became

Pope.

312 Roman Empire – 28 Oct – Caesar Maxentius

killed at Battle of Milvian Bridge against

Constantine I.

313 Roman Empire – July/Aug – Maximinus Daia

defeated in civil war against Licinius.

-18 Sept 324 – Caesar Valerius Licinius Augustus

became Roman Emperor (east).

314 Rome – 10 Jan – Pope Miltiades died.

31 Jan-31 Dec 335 – Sylvester I became Pope.

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 324 Roman Empire – 18 Sept Emperor Licinius

executed.

325 Roman Empire – Constantine ends gladiatorial

combats in Rome.

326

327

328

329

330 Byzantium – On the site of this old Greek colony,

Constantine founds a new city to serve as an

imperial capital.

331 Roman Empire – Seat of the reunited empire

moves from Rome to Constantinople.

332

333

334

335 Rome – 31 Dec – Pope Sylvester died.

336 Rome – 18 Jan-7 Oct – Mark became Pope.

337 Roman Empire – 22 May – Emperor Constantine

I died.

22 May-340 – Caesar Flavius Claudius

Constantinus Augustus became Co Roman

Emperor with

22 May-3 Nov 361 – Caesar Flavius Julius

Constantius Augustus and

22 May-350 – Caesar Flavius Julius Constans

Augustus.

Rome – 6 Feb- 12 Apr 352 – Julius I became

Pope.

338

339

340 Roman Empire – Co-Emperor Constantine II

killed in battle.

341

342

343

344



346

347

348

349

350 England – Fortifications built in London,

particularly against attack from the tidal river. 350 Roman Empire – Co-Emperor Constans

assassinated.

Consantius II became sole Emperor.

351

352 Rome – 12 Apr – Pope Julius I died.

17 May-24 Sept 366 – Liberius became Pope.

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360 England – Picts and Scots cross Hadrian’s Walls

and attack Roman settlements in the north 360 Europe – Huns invade from east.

361 Roman Empire – 3 Nov – Emperor Constantius II

died.

3 Nov-26 June 363 – Caesar Flavius Claudius

Julianus Augustus became Roman Emperor.

362

363 Roman Empire – 26 June – Emperor Julian

mortally wounded in battle.

26 June-17 Feb 364 – Caesar Flavius Jovian

Augustus proclaimed Roman Emperor.

364 Roman Empire – 17 Feb – Emperor Jovian died.

26 Feb-17 Nov 375 – Flavius Valentinianus

Augustus elected Roman Emperor by army.

28 Mar-9 Aug 378 – Flavius Julius Valens

Augustus appointed Co-Roman Emperor (east).

365 Crete – 21 Jul – Earthquake.

366 Rome – Pope Liberius died.

1 Oct-11 Dec 384 – Damasus I became Pope.



368

369

370 England – Theododius drives Picts and Scots

back beyond Hadrian’s Wall. 370

371

372

373

374

375 Roman Empire – 17 Nov – Co-Emperor

Valentinian I died.

17 Nov-25 Aug 383 – Flavius Gratianus Augustus

became Co-Roman Emperor (west) with

17 Nov-15 May 392 – Flavius Valentinian Invictus

Augustus.

376 Russia – Huns invade.

377

378 Roman Empire – 9 Aug – Co-Emperor Valens

killed in Battle of Adrianople.

379 Roman Empire – 1 Jan-17 Jan 395 – Flavius

Theodosius Augustus became Roman Emperor.

380

381

382

383 Roman Empire – 25 Aug – Emperor Gratian

murdered.

Jan-1 May 408 – Flavius Arcadius Augustus

appointed Roman Emperor (east).

384 Rome – 11 Dec – Pope Damasus I died.

11 Dec-26 Nov 399 – Siricius became Pope.

385

386

387

388

389



391

392 Roman Empire – 15 May – Co-Emperor

Valentinian II died.

393 Roman Empire – 23 Jan-15 Aug 423 – Flavius

Honorius Augustus appointed Roman Emperor

(west).

394

395 Roman Empire – 17 Jan – Emperor Theodosius I

died.

Alric, king of the Visigoths, and his mounted

armies enter southern Greece, plunder Athens and

head to Balkans.

396

397

398

399 Rome – 26 Nov – Pope Siricius died.

27 Nov-19 Dec 401 – Anastasius became Pope.

400

401 Roman Empire – Alric’s army crosses into Italy.

Rome – 19 Dec – Pope Anastasius I died.

22 Dec-12 Mar 417 – Innocent I became Pope.

402

403

404

405

406

407

408 Roman Empire – 1 May – Emperor Arcadius died.

1 May-28 July 450 – Flavius Theodosius

Augustus became Roman Emperor (east)

409

410 Britain – King Alric’s actions causes Roman

Legions to withdraw to regain Italian mainland. 410 Roman Empire – Alric captures and sacks Rome.

Heads towards Naples but died.

411

412

413



415

416 Roman Empire – Visigoth cavalry conquer Vandal

kingdom in Spain.

417 Rome – 12 Mar – Pope Innocent I died.

18 Mar-26 Dec 418 – Zosimus became Pope.

418 Rome – 26 Dec – Pope Zosimus died.

28 Dec-4 Sept 422 – Boniface I became Pope.

419

420

421 Roman Empire – 8 Feb – Flavius Constantius

Austus became Roman Emperor (west).

22 Sept – Emperor Constantius III died.

422 Rome – 4 Sept – Pope Boniface died.

10 Sept-27 Jul 432 – Celestine I became Pope.

423 Roman Empire – 15 Aug – Emperor Honorius

died.

27 Aug- May 425 – Joannes became Roman

Emperor (west).

424

425 Roman Empire – May – Emperor Joannes

executed.

426

427

428

429

430

431

432 Rome – 27 Jul – Pope Celestine I died.

31 Jul-Aug 440 – Sixtus III became Pope.

433

434

435

436 Britain – Last Roman legions leave. 436

437

438


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 439 Roman Empire – Gaiseric, king of the Vandals

crosses from Spain to North Africa, seizes

Carthage, making it the capital of his new

dominions.

440 Rome – Aug – Pope Sixtus III died.

29 Sept-10 Nov 461 – Leo I became Pope.

441

442

443 Roman Empire – Last Roman legions driven from

North Africa by Gaiseric.

444

445

446

447

448

449

450 Hengist, Saxon general, re-took York 450 Roman Empire – 28 July – Emperor Theodosius

II died.

July-16 Mar 455 – Flavius Placidius

Valentinianus Augustus (west).

-Jan 457 – Flavius Marcianius Augustus became

Roman Emperor (east)

451

452

453

454

455 Roman Empire – 16 Mar – Emperor Valentinian

III assassinated.

17 Mar – Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus

Augustus proclaimed himself Roman Emperor

(west).

31 May – Emperor Petronius Maximus murdered.

9 July-17 Oct 456 – Eparchius Avitus Augustus

proclaimed Roman Emperor (west).

Roman Empire – Gaiseric’s fleet seizes Rome

from the Tiber; carries off empress and her

daughters with thousands of other slaves.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 456 Roman Empire – 17 Oct – Emperor Avitus

became bishop of Placentia, murdered soon after.

457 Britain – Britons defeated by Hengest at Battle of

Crayford; Kent abandoned to the Jutes. 457 Roman Empire – Jan – Emperor Marcian died.

April-7 Aug 461 – Julius Valerius Majorianus

Augustus appointed Roman Emperor (west).

7 Feb-18 Jan 474 – Flavius Valerius Leo

Augustus proclaimed Roman Emperor (east).

458

459

460

461 Roman Empire – 7 Aug – Emperor Majorian

deposed by his troops, died soon afterwards.

Nov-Aug 465 – Libius Severus Augustus

appointed emperor (west)

Rome –10 Nov – Pope Leo I died.

19 Nov-29 Feb 468 – Hilarius became Pope.

461

462

463

464

465 Roman Empire – Aug – Emperor Libius Severus

died.

466 Octa fled to York, Ambrosius followed him

and demanded his surrender.

Eosa, Octa’s brother arrived at York and

also surrendered to Ambrosius.

Ambrosius summoned all the princes and

nobility of the kingdom to York and

restored the Christian church.

466

467 Roman Empire – 12 Apr-11 Jul 472 – Procopius

Anthemius Augustus appointed Roman Emperor

(west)

468 Rome – 29 Feb – Pope Hilarius died.

3 Mar-10 Mar 483 – Simplcius became Pope.

468

470

471


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 472 Roman Empire – 11 July – Emperor Anthemius

executed.

11 July – Flavius Anicius Olybrius Augustus

appointed Roman Emperor (west).

2 Nov – Emperor Olybrius died.

473 Roman Empire – Mar-June 474 – Glycerius

appointed Roman Emperor (west).

474 Roman Empire – 18 Jan – Emperor Leo I died.

18 Jan – Flavius Leo Junior Augustus became

Roman Emperor (east).

June-28 Aug 475 (Italy)/480 (Gaul & Dalmatia) –

Julius Nepos appointed Roman Emperor (west).

17 Nov – Emperor Leo II died.

475 Roman Empire – 9 Jan-Aug 476 – Flavius

Basilicus Augustus became Roman Emperor

(east).

28 Aug – Emperor Julius Nepos deposed in Italy,

continued to rule in exile in Gaul and Dalmatia.

31 Oct-4 Sept 476 – Romulus Augustulus

appointed Roman Emperor (west)

476 Roman Empire – Aug – Emperor Basilicus

executed.

Aug-9 Apr 491 – Flavius Zeno Perpetuus

Augustus became Roman Emperor (east)

477

478

479

480 Roman Empire – Emperor Julius Nepos

assassinated.

481

482

483 Rome – 10 Mar – Pope Simplicius died.

13 Mar-1 Mar 492 – Felix III became Pope.

484

485

486

487

488


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 489 Theodoric defeats Odoacer on Isonzo river and

near Verona.

490

491 England – Saxons capture Pevensey, Sussex. 491 Roman Empire – 9 April – Emperor Zeno died.

9 Apr-9 Jul 518 – Flavius Anastasius Augustus

became Roman Emperor (east).

492 Rome – 1 Mar – Pope Felix III died.

1 Mar-21 Nov 496 – Gelasius I became Pope.

493 Kingdom of Italy – Theodoris founds the

Ostrogoth kingdom of Italy.

494 Kingdom of Italy – Absorbs Malta.

495

496 Clovis defeats the Alemanni near Strasbourg,

helped by Ostrogoth cavalry trainers.

Rome – 21 Nov – Pope Gelasius died.

24 Nov- 19 Nov 498 – Anastasius II became

Pope.

497

498 Rome – 19 Nov – Pope Anastasius II died.

22 Nov-19 Jul 514 – Symmachus became Pope.

499

500 British tribes defeat Saxons at Mount Baden,

Dorset. 500 The Marcomanni invade and seize Bavaria. The

Czechs depart and settle in Bohemia.

501

502

503

504

505

506

507 Battle of Campus Vogladensis.

508

509

510

511

512

513


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 514 Rome – 19 Jul – Pope Symmachus died.

20 Jul-19 Jul 523 – Hormisdas became Pope.

515

516

517

518 Roman Empire – 9 Jul – Emperor Anastasius

died.

9 Jul-1 Aug 527 – Flavius Justinus Augustus

elected Roman Emperor.

519

520

521

522

523 Rome – 19 Jul – Pope Hormisdas died.

13 Aug-18 May 526 – John I became Pope.

524

525 Afro-Arab War, Caleb of Abyssinia conquers the

Yemen.

526 Turkey – 19 May – Earthquake, epicentre in

Antioch.

Rome – 18 May – Pope John I died.

13 Jul-22 Sept 530 – Felix IV became Pope.

527 Roman Empire – 1 Aug – Emperor Justin I died.

1 Aug-13/14 Nov 565 – Flavius Petrus Sabbatius

Justinianus Augustus became Roman Emperor.

528

529

530 Rome – 22 Sept – Pope Felix IV died.

22 Sept-17 Oct 532 – Boniface II became Pope.

531

532 Rome – 17 Oct – Pope Boniface II died.

533 Rome – 2 Jan – 8 May 535 – Mercúrius became

Pope John II.

534

535 Rome – 8 May – Pope John II died.

13 May-22 April 536 – Agapetus I became Pope.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 536 Ostrogoth kingdom dissolved.

Provence became part of Frankish Kingdom.

Rome – 22 Apr – Pope Agapetus I died.

1 Jun-11 Nov 537 – Silverius became Pope.

537 Battle of Camlan, Arthur, king of the Britons, killed. 537 Rome – 11 Nov – Pope Silverius died.

29 Mar-7 Jun 555 – Vigilius became Pope.

538

539 Byzantine Empire – War between the Byzantine

Empire and Persia

540

550

551 Beirut – 6 Jul – Earthquake measuring 7.5Mw,

epicentre in Tyre, Tripoli.

552

553

554

555 Rome – 7 Jun – Pope Vigilius died.

556 Rome – 16 Apr-4 Mar 561 – Pelagius I became

Pope.

557

558

559

560

561 Rome – 4 Mar – Pope Pelagius I died.

17 Jul-13 Jul 574 – Catelinus became Pope John

III.

562

563

564

565 Roman Empire – 13/14 Nov – Emperor Justinian I

died.

13/14 Nov-578 – Flavius Justinius Junior


Italy – The Lombards drive the Byzantines from

northern Italy.

566


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 567 Spain – Leovigild, king of the Visigoths, drives

Byzantines from western Spain.

568

569

570 Persians overthrow Abyssinian rule in Yemen, war

with Byzantines renewed.

571

572

573

574 Rome – 13 Jul – Pope John III died.

575 Rome – 2 Jun-30 Jul 579 – Benedict I became

Pope.

576

577

578 Roman Empire – Emperor Justin II died.

579 Rome – 30 Jul – Pope Benedict I died.

26 Nov-7 Feb 590 – Pelagius II became Pope.

580

581

582

583

584

585 Spain – Leovigild completes conquest of Spain.

586

587

588

589

590 Rome – 7 Feb – Pope Pelagius died.

3 Sept-12 Mar 604 – Gregory I became Pope.

591

592

593

594

595



597

598

599

600

601

602

603

604 Rome – 12 Mar – Pope Gregory I died.

13 Sept-22 Feb 606 – Sabinian became Pope.

605

606 Rome – 22 Feb – Pope Sabinian died.

607 Rome – 19 Feb-12 Nov 607 – Boniface III became

Pope.

608 Rome – 25 Aug-8 May 615 – Boniface IV became

Pope.

609

610

611

612

613

614

615 Rome – 8 May – Pope Boniface IV died.

19 Oct-8 Nov 618 – Adeodatus I became Pope.

616

617

618 Rome – 8 Nov – Pope Adeodatus I died.

619 Rome – 23 Dec-25 Oct 625 – Boniface V became

Pope.

620

621

622

623

624


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 625 -633 Paulinus Archbishop of York 625 Rome – 25 Oct – Pope Boniface V died.

27 Oct-12 Oct 638 – Honorius I became Pope.

626 Edwin converts to Christianity 626

627 12 April – Edwin and his two sons, Osfrid

and Edrid, baptised at the site of the

Minster.

627

628

629

630

631

632

633

634

635

636

637

638 Rome – 12 Oct – Pope Honorius died.

Oct-2 Aug 640 – Severinus became Pope.

639

640 Rome – 2 Aug – Pope Severinus died.

24 Dec-12 Oct 642 – John IV became Pope.

641

642 Rome – 12 Oct – Pope John IV died.

24 Nov-14 May 649 – Theodore I became Pope.

643

644

645

646

647

648

649 Rome – 14 May – Pope Theodore I died.

Jul-16 Sept 655 – Martin I became Pope.

650

651

652



654 Rome – 10 Aug-2 Jun 657 – Eugene I became

Pope.

655 Rome – 16 Sept – Pope Martin I died.

656

657 Rome – 2 Jun – Pope Eugene I died.

30 Jul-27 Jan 672 – Vatalian became Pope.

658

659

660

661

662

663

664 -669 Caedda, Archbishop of York. 664

665

666

667

668

669 -678 Wifrith I, Archbishop of York. 669

670

671

672 Rome – 27 Jan – Pope Vatalian died.

11 Apr-17 Jun 676 – Adeodatus II became Pope.

673

674

675

676 Rome – 11 Apr – Pope Adeodatus II died.

2 Nov-11 Apr 678 – Donus became Pope.

677

678 -686 Bosa, Archbishop of York. 678 Rome – 11 Apr – Pope Donus died.

27 Jun-10 Jan 681 – Agatho became Pope.

679

680


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 681 Rome – 10 Jan – Pope Agatho died.

Dec-3 Jul 683 – Leo II became Pope.

682

683 Rome – 3 Jul – Pope Leo II died.

684 Japan – 29 Nov – Earthquake measuring 8.4Mw

followed by Tsunami hit Hakuho.

Rome – 26 Jun-8 May 685 – Benedictus II

became Pope.

685 Rome – 8 May – Pope Benedict II died.

12 Jul-2 Aug 686 – John V became Pope.

686 -691 Wilfrith I, Archbishop of York. 686 Rome – 2 Aug – Pope John V died.

21 Oct-22 Sept 687 – Conon became Pope.

687 Rome – 22 Sept – Pope Conon died.

15 Dec-8 Sept 701 – Sergius I became Pope.

688

689

690

691 -c.705 Bosa, Archbishop of York. 691

692

693

694

695

696

697

698

699

700

701 Rome – 8 Sept – Pope Sergius I died.

30 Oct-11 Jan 705 – John VI became Pope.

702

703

704

705 John of Beverley, Archbishop of York. 705 Rome – 11 Jan – Pope John VI died,

1 Mar-18 Oct 707 – John VII became Pope.

706

707 Rome – 18 Oct – Pope John VII died.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 708 Rome – 15 Jan-4 Feb – Sisinnius became Pope.

25 Mar-9 Apr 715 – Constantine became Pope.

709

710

711

712

713

714

715 Rome – 7 Apr – Pope Constantine died.

19 May-11 Feb 731 – Gregory II became Pope.

716

717

718 -732 Wilfrith II, Archbishop of York. 718

719

720

721

722

723

724

725

726

727

728

279

730

731 Rome – 11 Feb – Pope Gregory II died.

18 Mar-28 Nov 741 – Gregory III became Pope.

732 -766 Ecgbeorht, Archbishop of York. 732

733

734

735

736

737

738



740

741 Rome – 28 Nov – Pope Gregory III died.

3 Dec – 22 Mar 752 – Zachary became Pope.

742

743

744 England -796 Offa king of Angles 744

745

746

747

748

749 Levant Region – 18 Jan – Earthquake measuring

7.5Mw.

750

751

752 Rome – 22 Mar – Pope Zachary died.

23 Mar-25 Mar – Stephen elected Pope, but died

before consecreated.

26 Mar-26 Apr 757 – Stephen II became Pope.

753

754

755

756

757 Rome – 26 Apr – Pope Stephen II died.

29 May-28 Jun 767 – Paul I became Pope.

758

759

760

761

762

763

764

765

766


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 767 -780 Æthelbeorht, Archbishop of York. 767 Rome – 28 Jun – Pope Paul I died.

1 Aug-24 Jan 772 – Stephen III became Pope.

768

769

770

771

772 Rome – 24 Jan – Pope Stephen III died.

1 Feb-26 Dec 795 – Adrian I became Pope.

773

774

775

776

777

778

779

780 -796 Eanbald I, Archbishop of York. 780

781

782

783

784

785

786

787

788

789

790

791

792

793

794

795 Rome – 26 Dec – Pope Adrian I died.

26 Dec-12 Jun 816 – Leo III became Pope.

796 -c.808 Eanbals II, Archbishop of York. 796 England - 26 or 29 July King Offa died, aged 58. 796

797



799

800 Holy Roman Empire - Pope Leo III’s coronation of

Charles I the Great (Charlemagne), king of the

Franks, founding father of French and German

monarchies, as Imperator Romanorum (Emperor

of the Romans), in St. Peter’s church, Rome.

Beginning of Holy Roman Empire.

801

802 Egbert, driven into exile by Offa of Mercia,

returned from Charlemagne’s court, became king

of Wessex, maintains independence of Wessex

from Mercia.

802 Bulgaria - Krum became khan, embarks on

expansion expansion of his territory.

Byzantine Empire - Finance minister Nikephoros I

deposes and exiles Empress Irene to become

Emperor; reorganizes the empire.

803

804 Denmark - Godfred became king.

Venice - Giovanni Galbaio, 8th

doge, chief

magistrate and leader of the “Most Serene

Republic of Venice”, flees, with his family, to

Mantua. Obelerio degli Antenori, became doge

and accepts Frankish protection and war with

Byzantium ensues.

805

806

807

808 -c.837 Wulfsige, Archbishop of York. 808

809

810 Denmark - King Godfred murdered by a servant,

his nephew, Hemming, became king.

Italy - Pepin, son of Charlemagne, king of

Frankish kingdom of Italy, died. His son Bernard

became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 811 Venice – Obelerio degli Antenori goes into exile in

Constantinople. Angello Participazio became

doge, he reclaims land and refortifies city.

Bulgaria – Khan Krum defeats Byzantines, kills

Emperor Nikephoros I.

Byzantine Empire – Saurakios I became

emperor, then abdicates to his brother, Michael I

Rangabe.

812 Denmark – King Hemming died, Sigfred and

Anulo dispute the crown. Anulo died in battle.

Throne fought over until 10th

century when

Denmark is unified.

813 Holy Roman Empire – Lois the Pious crowned

co-emperor of the Franks with his father,

Charlemagne.

Byzantune Empire – Michael I Rangabe defeated

by Bulgarians, abdicates in favour of Leo V the

Amemian; Michael II the Armorian became

emperor.

814 Holy Roman Empire – Death of Charlemagne;

Louis the Pious succeeds as Holy Roman Emperor

and king of the Franks.

Bulgaria – Death of Krum; Omurtag became ruler,

concludes a 30 year peace treaty Byzantine

Empire.

815

816 Rome – 12 Jun – Pope Leo III died.

12 Jun-24 Jan 817 – Stephen IV became Pope.

817 Bavaria – Holy Roman Emperor Louis the German

became king.

Rome – 24 Jan – Pope Stephen IV died.

25 Jan-11 Feb 824 – Paschal I became Pope.

818 Italy – Holy Roman Emperor Louis the Pious

makes King Bernard of Italy a vassal of his cousin,

Louis’ son, Lothair; Bernard plots against him,

discovered and blinded, Bernard died. Lothair

became king of Italy.

819


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 820 Byzantine Empire – Michael II the stammerer,

assassinates Emperor Leo V during Christmas

mass in Hagia Sophia, became first emperoer of

teh Phrygian dynasty; his direct descendents rule

Byzantine Empire more than 200 years.

821

822

823

824 Rome – 11 Feb – Pope Paschal I died.

8 May-Aug 827 – Eugene II became Pope.

Holy Roman Empire - Nine articles of the

Constitutio Romana establish the authority of the

Holy Roman Emperors in Rome.

Pamplona – Íňigo Arista revolts against the

Franks, establishes kingdom of Navarre.

825 Egbert defeats Beornwulf of Mercia at battle of

Ellendun, takes control of Mercian dependencies

in south-eastern England; Kent, Surrey, Sussex,

East Anglia and Essex submit to Wessex.

825

826

827 Venice – Giustiniano Participazio exiles his

brother Giovanni, to become doge. Work begun on

construction of first Basilica di San Marco.

Rome – Aug – Pope Eugene II died.

Aug-Sept – Valentine became 100th

Pope, died

after a few months.

Sept-Jan 844 – Gregory IV became Pope.

828

829 England -839 Egbert of Wessex conquers Mercia,

Northumberland accepts his lordship; recognised

as Bretwalda, first sole ruler of Britain.

829 Venice – Giovanni I Participazio, brother of

Giustiniano, became doge.

Byzantine Empire - Theophilus became 6th

and

last of the iconoclast emperors.

830 Egbert of Wessex defeats Welsh, but loses

Mercia. 830


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 831 Date of the design of the Scottish flag, said to

have appeared to king Óengus II before a battle

with the Angles.

831 Byzantium – Byzantine emoperor, Theophilus,

forbids use of icons.

Holy Roman Empire – Louis the Pious reinstated

as emperor of the Franks, after first civil war of his

reign.

Bulgaria – Malamir, grandson of Krum, became

ruler.

832 Venice – Obelerio degli Antenori tries to reclaim

dogeship, Doge Giovanni Participazio kills him,

displays his head in the marketplace.

833 Great Moravia – The Central European Slavic

Principality of Great Moravia founded when Prince

Mojmír I unifies the two neighbouring principalities

of Nitra and Moravia.

834

835

836 England - Egbert of Wessex defeated by the

Danes. 836 Venice – Giovanni Participazio deposed after a

revolt; Pietro Tradonico elected doge.

Bulgaria – Presian, nephew of Malamir, became

khan; extends Bulgarian control over Slavic tribes

in Macedonia.

837 -854 Wigmund, Archbishop of York. 837

838 England - At Hingston Down, Egbert of Wessex

beats the Danes and the west Welsh.

Scotland - The Stone of Destiny, the coronation

stone of the kings of Scotland, is placed at Scone

Palace, Scotland.

Ireland – Feidlimid mac Cremthanin became high

king of Ireland.

838

839 England – 4 February King Egbert died aged 64.

5 February – 856 Æthelwulf, crowned at Kingston

upon Thames, as king of Wessex, Kent, Cornwall,

the west Saxons and east Saxons.

839

840 Holy Roman Empire – Lothair I became Holy

Roman Emperor.

Venice – Lothair I recognizes independence of

Venice and its authority over its lagoon.

841


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 842 Asturias – Alfonso the charte died. Visigoth

Count Nepocian takes throne but defeated by

Ramiro I at Battle of the Bridge of Cornellana. He

changes system of succession by removing

election process.

Pampolona – Íňigo Arista chosen as first king of

Pampolona, which later became kingdom of

Vavarre.

Holy Roman Empire – Louis the German, king of

East Francia and Charles the Bald, king of West

Francia, swear the Oaths of Strasbourg, an

alliance against Holy Roman Emperor Lothair.

Byzantine Empire – Emperor Theophilus died, his

widow, Theodora, became empress, serving as

regent for her son, Michael III the Drunkard, she

reintroduces veneration of icons.

843 Scotland - Kenneth MacAlpin thought to have

united the Kingdom of Scotia, becoming, some

describe, the first king of Scotland (Alba) as well

as king of the Picts.

843 West Francia – The 3 sons of Louis the Pious

divide the Carolingian Empire into 3 kingdoms; the

kingdom of France became a distinct state;

Charles the Bald became king.

Middle Francia – Lothair receives title of emperor,

given central portion including Low Coutries,

Lorraine, Alsace, Burgundy, Provence and

Kingdom of Italy.

Eastern Francia – Louis the German became king

of East Francia, which became Germany.

844 Wales - Rhodri Mawr became first Prince of all

Wales. 844 Rome – Jan – Pope Gregory IV died.

Jan-7 Jan 847 – Sergius II became Pope without

seeking authority of Holy Roman Emperor Lothair;

Lothair invades, but pacified when crowned king of

Lombardy.

845

846 Great Moravia – Mojmír I died. East Francis king,

Louis the German confirms Rastislav as second

king of Great Moravia.

847 Rome – 7 Jan – Pope Sergius died.

7 Jan-17 Jul 855 – Leo IV became Pope.

Syria – 24 Nov – Earthquake, epicentre in

Damascus.

848



850 Asturias – Ordoňo , son of Ramiro I, founder of

Perez dynasty, became king of Austurias to

ascend throne without an election. Austurias

became known as León.

851

852 Pampolona – García Íňiguez became king.

Bulgaria – Boris I became khan.

853

854 -900 Wulfhere, Archbishop of York. 854

855 Provence – Charles, youngest son of Holy Roman

Emperor, Lothair I, became king when Lothair

divedes realm of Lotharingia between his 3 sons.

Holy Roman Empire – Louis II succeeds Lothair

as Holy Roman Emperor.

Rome – 17 Jul – Pope Leo IV died.

Jul-7 Apr 858 – Benedict III became Pope.

Byzantine Empire – Empress Theodora displaced

from her regency; her son, Michael III, rules alone.

856 England -860 Æthalbald, 2nd

son of Æthelwulf,

became king of Wessex, after forcing his father to

abdicate, marries his widowed 16 year old

stepmother, Judith. Her father, Charles the Bald,

Holy Roman Emperor has marriage annulled.

856 Iran – 22 Dec – Earthquake.

Greece – Dec – Earthquake, epicentre in Corinth.

857 857

858 Scotland - Domnall mac Ailpín, brother of

Kenneth I, became king of Picts, as Donald I.

England - 13 January Æthelwulf died, aged 62

or 63.

858 Rome – 7 Apr – Pope Benedict III died.

14 Apr-13 Nov 867 – Nicholas I became Pope.

859

860 England - 20 December King Æthelbald died.

21 December – 865 Ethelbert, 3rd

son of

Æthelwulf, became king of Wessex.

860 Kievan Rus’ – Rurik, a Viking chieftain comes to

power in Ladoga and Norvogorod, founded Rurik

dynasty, centred on city of Kiev.

861

862 Scotland - Constantine I, son of Kenneth

MacAlpin, became king of the Picts. 862

863 Provence – King Charles died, childless, kingdom

split between his brothers, Lothair II and Emperor

Louis II.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 864 Bavaria – Carloman, son of Louis the German,

became king.

Venice – Pietro Tradonico assassinated; Orso I

Participazio elected doge.

Bulgaria – Boris I converts to Christianity,

following invasion of Byzantine Empire.

Great Moravia – King Rastislav has to

acknowledge the supremacy of Louis the German,

after East Franks invade.

865 England – King Æthelbert died aged c. 30.

-871 Ethelred, 4th

son of Æthelwulf, became king

of Wessex.

865

866 Galicia and Asturias - Alfonso III the Great

became king.

867 21 Mar - King Osbert and King Ella killed

in battle against Danes. 867 Rome – 13 Nov – Pope Nicholas I died.

14 Nov-14 Dec 872 – Adrian II became Pope.

Byzantine Empire – Basil I crowned co-emperor,

assassinates Michael III to become sole ruler.

868 Portugal – First County of Portugal declared by

Christian warlord Vímara Peres.

869 Holy Roman Empire – Emperor Louis II allies with

Emperor Basil I against Sarecens.

Byzantine Empire – Basil I crowns his son,

Constantine, co-emperor.

Japan – 13 Jul – Earthquake measuring 8.6Mw,

epicentre in Sendai, followed by tsunami.

870 Byzantine Empire – Basil I crowns another son,

Leo, co-emperor.

Great Moravia – Louis the German, king of East

Francia, has King Rastislav blinded and

imprisoned; Svatopluk I chosen as king.

871 England – 23 April Æthelred died at Battle of

Merton, aged 34.

24 April - 899 Alfred the Great, 5th son of

Æthelwulf, became king, calls himself ‘King of the

Anglo Saxons.’

871

872 872 Rome – 14 Dec – Pope Adrian II died.

14 Dec-16 Dec 882 – John VIII became Pope.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 873 Portugal – Lucídio Vimaranes takes his father’s

place in Portucale, died soon after. Count Diogo

Fernandes inherits title via marriage to Lucídio’s

daughter.

874

875 Scotland - Harald Fairhair, Viking king, subdues

Orkney and Shetlands 875 Provence, Holy Roman Empire and Italy – Louis

II died, Charles II the Bald became king and

emperor.

Norway – Harald Fairhair, Viking king, subdues

Orkney and Shetlands, adds them to his kingdom.

876 East Francia – Louis the Younger became king.

877 Scotland - Constantine I died fighting the Vikings.

Áed mac Cináeda, son of Kenneth MacAlpin,

became king of the Picts.

877 France and Provence – Louis the Stammerer

became king of West Franks and Provence.

Italy – Carloman, eldest son of Louis German,

became king.

878 England - Alfred defeats Vikings under Guthrum,

at Ethandune; the Treaty of Wedmore divides

England between the Anglo-Saxons and the

Danes.

Scotland - Giric mac Dúngail became king of the

Picts.

878

879 West Francia – Louis the Stammerer died, his

sons Louis III and Carloman II become joint kings

of France.

Provence – Boso elected king, marries daughter

of Emperor Louis II.

Italy – Charles III the Fat became king.

Byzantine Empire – Basil I crowns his son,

Constantine, co-emperor, who died shortly after,

Basils younger son, Alexander, takes his place.

880 Bavaria – Carlaman abdicates after a stroke, his

brother, Louis the Younger, king of East Francia

and Saxony, became king.

881 Venice – Giovanni II Participazio elected Doge.

Holy Roman Empire – Charles III the Fat

crowned Holy Roman Emperor.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 882 France – Louis III died, Carloman II rules alone.

Pamplona – Fortún Garcés king, last of the Arista

dynasty.

East Francia – Louis the Younger, his brother,

Charles the Fat, became king, reuniting the entire

East Frankish kingdom.

Rome – 16 Dec – Pope John VIII died.

16 Dec-15 May 884 – Marinus I became Pope.

Kievan Rus’ – Oleg became ruler of all the Rus

people, capture Kiev from Viking warlord.

833

884 France – Holy Roman Emperor and king of East

Francia, Charles the Fat, also became king of

West Francia.

Rome – 15 May – Pope Marinus died.

17 May-Sept 885 – Adrian III became Pope.

885 Rome – Sept – Pope Adrian III died.

Sept-14 Sept 191 – Stephen V became Pope.

Byzantine Empire – Basil I died in hunting

accident, Leo VI the Wise became emperor.

886 England - Alfred the Great makes a treaty with

the Danes formalizing the partition of England with

the Danelaw, northern and eastern England under

Danish control.

886

887 Provence – Louis the Blind became king.

East Francia – Charles the Fat is deposed.

Slovianian Arnulf of Carinthia, elected king.

Venice – Giovanni II Participazio retires, Pietro

Candiano elected doge, killed in battle, same year,

attacking the Narentines. His great-nephew,

Pietro Tribuno, elected doge.

Japan – 26 Aug – Earthquake, epicentre in

Osaka, Shiga Gifu & Nagano, followed by tsunami.

888 Western Francia – Charles the Fat died, Odo,

count of Paris, elected king.

889 Scotland - Donald II, son of Constantine I,

became king of the Picts, known as king of Alba. 889

890 Norway – Harald I Fairhair became the country’s

first king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 891 Holy Roman Empire – Guy III of Spoleto became

Holy Roman Emoperor.

Rome – 14 Sept – Pope Stephen V died.

19 Sept-4 Apr 896 – Formosus became Pope.

892 Holy Roman Empire – Lambert II of Spoleto

became Holy Roman Emperor.

893 Bulgaria – Former King Boris I comes out of

retirement when his son Valadimir tries to revert to

paganism. Vladimir defeated and blinded. Boris’s

3rd

son, Simeon I the Great became khan.

Iran – 23 Mar – Earthquake, epicentre in Ardabil.

Armenia – 28 Dec – Earthquake, epicentre in

Dyin.

894 England – Northumbrians and Angles swear

allegiance to Alfred the Great, break their truce by

attacking south-west of England.

894 Great Moravia – Svatopluk I died, kingdom

divided between his three sons.

895

896 Italy – Eastern Franks invade and conquer Italy

under leadership of Arnulf of Carinthia, he is

elected Holy Roman Emperor.

Rome – 4 Apr – Pope Formosus died.

4 Apr-19 Apr – Boniface VI became Pope, he died

a few days later.

22 May-Aug 897 – Stephen VI became Pope.

Bulgaria – Simeon I defeats the Byzantine Empire

at the Battle of Bulgarophygon.

897 Rome – Aug – Remains of Pope Formosus are

exhumed and put on trial (Cadaver Synod), he is

found unworthy of pontificate. Pope Stephen VI

imprisoned and strangled after this trial.

Aug-Nov – Romanus became Pope, deposed

after 3 months.

Dec- Jan 898 – Theodore II became Pope.

898 West Francia – Charles III the Simple, became

king of France.

Rome – Jan – Pope Theodore II died.

Jan-Jan 900 – John IX became Pope.

899 England – 26 October Alfred the Great died aged

c.50.

27 October - 924 Edward the Elder became king

of Wessex.

899 East Francia – Louis the Child became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 900 -c.916 Æthelbald, Archbishop of York. 900 Scotland – Constantine II became king of Alba. 900 Rome – Jan – Pope John IX died.

Jan- 903 – Benedict IV became Pope.

901 Holy Roman Empire – Louis III the Blind, usuper

king of Provence, became Holy Roman Emperor.

902

903 Rome – Pope Benedict IV died.

Jul-Sept – Leo V became Pope for 30 days,

deposed and murdered by antiPope Christopher.

904 Rome – AntiPope Chrisopher ejected.

29 Jan-14 Apr 911 – Sergius became Pope.

905 Pamplona – Fortún Garcés deposed by a coup,

retires to a monastery, Sancho I Garcés became

first king of the Jiménez dynasty.

906

907 Great Moravia – The country is destroyed by a

Hungarian attack and vanishes as a state.

908

909

910 Galicia, León and Asturias – Alfonso III died, his

kingdom divided between three sons; García

became king of León, Ordoňo of Galicia and

Fruela of Asturias.

911 Provence – Hugh of Arles became king.

East Francia – Louis the Child died aged 18;

Conrad I elected king.

Rome – 14 Apr – Pope Sergius III died.

Apr-Jun 913 – Anastasius III became Pope.

912 Venice – Orso II Participazio elected doge.

Byzantine Empire – Alexander became co-

emperor with Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos.

Kievan Rus’ – Igor became ruler.

913 Rome – Jun – Pope Anastasius died.

Jul-Mar 914 – Lando became Pope.

Bulgaria – Simeon I defeats the army of the

Byzatine Empire, recognized as tsar by Patriarch

Nicholas.

914 León and Galicia – Ordoňo also became king of

León after death of García.

Rome – Mar – Pope Lando died.

Mar-May 928 – John X became Pope.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 915 Holy Roman Empire – Berengar of Friuli elected

Holy Roman Emperor.

916 -931 Hrotheweard, Archbishop of York. 916 England and Wales – Marcian warrior queen

Aethelflaed conquers Wales. 916

917 917

918 England – By this year, all Danes south of the

Humber have submitted to King Edward the Elder. 918

919 East Francia – Henry I the Fowler elected king,

first of the Ottonian dynasty.

920 England – Saxons retake East Anglia from the

Danes. 920

921

922 France – Robert I became king.

923 France – Robert I died in battle, Charles the

Simple became king.

924 England – 17 July Edward the Elder died aged c.

50.

3 August – 939 Athelstan the Glorious became

king.

924 Holy Roman Empire – Holy Roman Emperor

Berenger is assassinated, there are no heirs

925 León – Alfonso Froilaz, became king, driven out

by sons of Ordoňo II.

926

927 Pamplona – Jimeno Garcés became.

Bulgaria – Simeon I died of heart failure, Peter I

became tsar.

928 Rome – May – Pope X imprisoned and possibly

murdered.

May-Dec – Leo VI became Pope.

Dec-Feb 931 – Stephen VII became Pope.

929

930 Norway – Erik Bloodaxe became king, quarrels

with his brothers, has 4 killed.

931 -956 Wulfstan I, Archbishop of York. 931 León – Alfonso IV abdicates and enters a

monastery, Ramiro II became king.

Pamplona – Garcia Sánchez I became king, aged

12.

Rome – Feb – Pope Stephen VII died.

Feb-Dec 935 – John IX became Pope.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 932 Venice – Orso II Participazio retires, Pietro II

Candiano succeeds him.

933 Provence - ceases to be a separate kingdom.

934 Burgundy – Rudolph II became king of Burgundy.

Denmark – Gorm the Old founds Denmark’s first

dynasty.

Norway – Hakkon returns from England and ousts

Eril Bloodaxe from the throne.

935 Rome – Dec – Pope John XI died.

936 France – Louis IV became king.

Germany – Henry the Fowler died, Otto the Great

became king.

Rome – 3 Jan-13 Jul 939 – Leo VII became Pope.

937 England – Athelstan defeats an army of Scots,

Irish and Danes at the Battle of Brunanburh,

securing the submission of Constantine II of

Scotland, Athelstan claims the title of King of all

Britain.

937 Burgundy – Rudolph II died, Conrad the Peaceful

became king.

938

939 England – 27 October Athelstan the Glorious

died, aged c.44.

28 October – 946 Edmund the Magnificent

became king.

939 Venice – Pietro Badoer Participazio is elected

doge.

Rome – 13 Jul – Pope Leo VI died.

14 Jul-Oct 942 – Stephen VIII is became Pope.

940

941

942 Venice – Pietro III Candiano is elected doge.

Rome – Oct – Pope Stephen VIII died.

30 Oct-May 946 – Marinus II is became Pope.

943 Scotland – Constantine II abdicates and retires to

a monastery. Malcolm I became king. 943

944 Byzantine Empire – Romanos I is deposed by his

sons, forced to become a monk; followers of

Emperor Constantine VII revolt and Stephen and

Constantine into exile.

945 England – Edmund I conquers Strathclyde.

Cumberland and Westmorland are annexed by the

Scots.

945 Italy – Lothiar II takes control of Italy.

Kievan Rus’ – Igor is killed; his wife takes revenge

on his killers and became regent for Igor’s heir,

Sviatoslav. She is the first ruler of Rus to covert to

Christianity.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 946 England – 26 May Edmund the Magnificent

murdered, aged c.25.

27 May - 955 Eadred became king.

946 Rome – May – Pope Marinus II died.

10 May-Dec 955 – Agapetus II is became Pope.

947

948

949

950 Portugal – Gonçalo Mendes became count.

951 León – Ordoňo III became king.

Italy – Otto I of Germany invaded and crowned

King of the Lombards; Kingdom of Italy now ruled

within the Holy Roman Empire, with the emperor

as monarch.

952

953

954 Scotland – Malcolm I is killed, Indulf, succeeds

him. 954 France – Lothair became king, aged 13.

955 England - 23 November Eadred died, aged c.32.

24 November – 959 Eadwig became king. 955 Germany – Ott the Great defeats the Magyars at

the Battle of Lechfeld, and the Slavs at Reichnitz.

Rome – Dec – Pope Agapetus II died.

16 Dec-14 May 964 – Octavian became Pope

John XII.

956 -971 Oscytel, Archbishop of York. 956 León – Sancho the Fat became king.

957 England – King Edwig defeated in battle at

Gloucester, fear of civil war he agrees to divide

the country alomng the Thames, he rules Wessex

and Kent, Edgar rules north of the Thames.

957

958 Denmark – King Harald Bluetooth became king,

accepts Christianity.

León – Ordoňo the Wicked usurps Sancho the

Fat.

959 England – 1 October Eadwig died, aged c. 19.

2 October – 975 Edgar the Peaceable became

king, uniting the country.

959 Byzantine Empire – Constantine VII died,

possibly poisoned, Romanos II became emperor.

960 León – Sanch the Fat regains the throne.

961 Germany – Otto II the Red became king.

Norway – Haakon I mortally wounded at Battle of

Fitjar. Harald II Greycloak became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 962 Scotland – King Indulf killed fighting the Vikings at

the Battle of Bands, near Cullen; succeeded by

Dub mac Maíl.

962 Holy Roman Empire and German Nation – Otto

the Great is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

963 Luxembourg – is founded by Siegfried, count of

Ardennes.

Poland – is founded by Miezko I.

Byzantine Empire – Romanos II died aged 26.

Nikephoros II Phokas became emperor.

964 Rome – 14 May – Pope John XII died.

22 May-23 Jun – Benedict V voted Pope by the

people of Rome.

Jul-Mar 965 – Leo VIII appointed antiPope by Holy

Roman Emperor Otto I and elected Pope when

Benedict deposed.

965 Rome – Mar – Pope Leo VIII deposed.

1 Oct- 6 Sept 972 – John XIII became Pope.

966 León – Ramiro III became king, aged 5, his

mother and aunt act as regents.

967 Scotland - King Dub assassinated. Cuilén

became king. 967 Holy Roman Empire – Otto II the Red became

emperor.

968

969 Byzantine Empire – Nikephoros II Phokas

assassinated. John Tzimiskes became Emperor

John I.

Bulgaria – Boris II became tsar.

970 Pamplona – Sanch II Garcés Abarca became

king.

971 Edwaldus, Archbishop of York. 971 Scotland - King Cuilén murdered bya a Scottish

noble, Amdarch, the building he is in is

deliberately set on fire.

971 Serbia - Petrislav became prince of Duklja and

Travunia.

972 -992 Osweald, Archbishop of York. 972 Rome – 6 Sept – Pope John XIII murdered.

Kievan Rus’ – Sviatoslav I killed by the Pecheneg

khan, Kurya.

973 England – King Edgar I crowned at Bath by St

Dunstan, 14 years after becoming king. 973 Rome – 19 Jan-Jun 974 – Benedict VI became

Pope, two months later he is imprisoned.

Sweden – Eric the Victorious became king.

974 Rome – Jun – Pope Benedict VI strangled on the

orders of Crescentius I.

Oct-10 Jul 983 – Benedict VII elected Pope.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 975 England – 8 July Edgar the Peaceable died,

aged c. 32.

9 July – 978 Saint Edward the Martyr became

king, aged 13.

975

976 Ireland – Brian Boru became king of Munster 976 Norway – Harald II killed in Denmark by Haakon

Sigurdsson and Harald Bluetooth. Haakon II

Sigurdsson became king.

Venice – Pietro IV Candiano killed in a revolution

against his efforts to create a monarchy, Pietro I

Orseolo is elected doge.

Austria – Leopold of Babenberg appointed

margrave.

Bulgaria – Tsar Boris II and his brother, Roman,

held as honorary hostages in Constantinople; to

ensure the dynasty died out, Roman is castrated.

Byzantine Empire – Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer

became emperor.

Kievan Rus’ – Civil war breaks out between Oleg

and Yarolpolk, Oleg killed, Yarolpolk became

prince of Kiev.

977 Bulgaria – Boris II accidently killed by border

guards. Roman became tsar, ruling jointly with

Samuil.

978 England – 18 March Saint Edward the Martyr

assassinated, aged c. 16.

19 March – 1013 Æthelred the Unready became

king, aged 10.(first reign)

978 Kiev – Vladimir became grand prince .

Venice – Doge Pietro I Orseolo joins a

Benedictine monastery, later becoming a hermit.

Vitale Candiano is elected doge.

979 Venice – Vitale Candiano abdicates for health

reasons, Tribuno Memmo is elected doge.

980 Kievan Rus’ – Vladimir kills Yaropolk and became

sole ruler.

Belarus – Ragnvald Olafsson, prince of Polatsk

killed by Vladimir the Great, grand prince of Kiev.

Vladimir I became ruler.

981

982

983 Germany – Otto III elected king, aged 3.

Rome – 10 Jul – Pope Benedict VII died.

Dec-20 Aug 984 – Piètro Campanora became

Pope John XIV.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 984 León – Ramiro III loses throne to Bermudo II the

Gouty.

Rome – 20 Aug – Pope John XIV died.

Aug-Mar 996 – John XV became Pope.

985 Rome – John XV elected Pope.

986 France – Louis V succeeds Lothair as king.

Denmark – Sweyn I Forkbeard became king.

987 France – Ling Luois V died in hunting accident.

Hugh Capet is elected king.

988 Kievan Rus’ – Vladimir I converts to Christianity.

989

990 Serbia – Jovan Vladimir became prince of Duklja

991 Venice – Pietro II Orseolo elected doge.

992 Poland – Boleslaw I became king.

993 Burgundy – Rudolph III became king.

994 Pamplona – García Sánchez II became king.

995 -c.1003 Ealdwulf, Archbishop of York. 995 Scotland – Kenneth II is assassinated.

Constantine III succeeds him. 995 Sweden – Olaf Skötkonung became king.

Norway – Haakon II killed by a servant, Olaf I

Tryggvason became king.

996 France – Robert II the Pious became king.

Holy Roman Empire – Otto III Became emperor.

Rome – Mar – Pope John XV died.

May-18 Feb 999 – Bruno of Carinthia became

Pope Gregory V, aged 24, first German Pope.

997 Scotland – Constantine II killed in factional

fighting, last of the line of Áed. Kenneth III

succeeds him.

997 Bulgaria – Samuil became sole ruler, first of the

House of Comitopuli.

Serbia – Samuil of Bulgaria conquers Duklja and

takes prince Jovan Vladimie prisoner.

998 Rome – Otto III of Germany retakes city of Rome,

reinstates Pope Gregory V after mutilating and

blinding antiPope John XVI.

999 Wales – Llewelyn ap Seisyll became king of

Deheubarth and Gwynedd. 999 León – Alfonso V became king, aged 5; his mother

acts as regent.

Portugal – Mendo Gonçalves became 3rd

count of

Portugal.

Rome – 18 Feb – Pope Gregory V died.

2 Apr-12 May 1003 – Gerbert d’Aurillac became

Pope Sylvester II. First French Pope.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1000 Norway – Olaf I Tryggvason died in Battle of

Svolder, country split into three areas of control.

Hungary – Hungarian state founded by Stephen I.

1001

1002 Ireland – king Máel Sechnaill surrender the title of

‘High King of Ireland’ to Brian Boru. 1002 Germany – Otto III died fighting Romans. Henry II

elected king.

Bulgaria – All-out war between Byzantine

Emperor Basil II and Bulgarian Tsar Samuil; Basil

victor.

1003 -c.1023 Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York. 1003 Rome – 12 May – Pope Sylvester II died.

Jun-Dec – Siccone became Pope John XVII.

25 Dec-Jul 1009 – Giovanni Fasano became

Pope John XVIII.

1004 Pamplona-Navarre – Sancho III the Great

became king.

Italy – Henry II, king of Germany, became king.

1005 Scotland – Kenneth III killed in battle by Máel

Coluim mac Cináed who became king, known as

Malcolm II.

1005

1006

1007

1008 Portugal – Alvito Nunes became count.

Venice – Otto Orseolo elected doge, aged 16.

1009 Rome – Jul – Pope John XVIII died abdicated.

31 Jul-12 May 1012 – Pietro Matino Boccapècora

became Pope as Sergius IV.

1010

1011

1012 Rome – 12 May – Pope Sergius IV died.

18 May-9 Apr 1024 – Theophylactus II became

Pope Benedict VIII.

1013 England – Danes invade.

25 December-1014 Sweyn Forkbeard became

king.

1013


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1014 England – 3 February Sweyn Forkbeard died,

aged c. 54.

March/April - 1016 Æthelred the Unready

became king. (second reign)

Ireland – High King Brian Boru defeats Vikings at

Battle of Clontarf, but is stabbed in the back by

Viking chief. Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill

became king again.

1014 Denmark – Harald II became king.

Norway – Olaf II Haraldsson declares himself

king.

Byzantine Empire – Basil II defeats Bulgarian

army and massacres 15,000 prisoners in Battle of

Kleidon.

Holy Roman Empire – Henry II of Germany


1015 England – Viking king, Canute the Great invades. 1015 Bulgaria – Gavril Radomir killed whilst huntingby

his cousin, Ivan Vladislav, who became king.

Balarus – Bratislav become prince of Polotsk.

Kievan Rus’ – Sviatopolk I became prince of Kiev.

1016 England – 23 April Æthelred the Unready died,

aged c.48

24 April Edmund Ironside became king.

30 November Edmund Ironside died, aged c. 23.

30 November – 1035 Canute became king.

1016 Serbia – Prince Jovan Vladimir beheaded by

Bulgarian ruler Ivan Vladislav. Dragimir succeeds.

1017 England – Canute divides the country into the

earldoms of Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia and

Northumbria.

1017 Portugal – Ilduara Mendes marries Nuno Alvites

and became countess of Portugal.

1018 Bulgaria – Ivan Vladislav killed, Presian II

succeeds.

1019 Sweden and Norway – signing of treaty at

Kungälv.

Denmark – Canute I the Great became king.

Kievan Rus’ – Iaroslav the Wise murders hid 3

brothers.

1020 England – Canute codifies the laws of England. 1020 Italy – Italian towns, including Rome, Florence and

Venice, become city-states.

1021

1022 Ireland – Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill died. 1022 Sweden – Anund Jakob became king.

1023 -1041 Ælfric Puttoc, Archbishop of York. 1023 Wales – Rhydderch ab Iestyn, ruler of Gwent and

Morgannwg, seizes Deheubarth. Iago ab Idwal ap

Meurig became king of Gwynedd.

1023

1024 Rome – 9 Apr – Pope Benedict VIII died.

Apr-20 Oct 1032 – Romanus became Pope John

XIX.

Germany – Henry II died. Conrad II elected king,

first of the Salian dynasty.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1025 Poland – Mieszko II Lambert Became king.

Byzantine Empire – Basil II died; Constantine VIII

became sole ruler.

1026 Venice – Pietro II Orseolo is deposed; Pietro

Barbolano elected doge.

1027 Holy Roman Empire – Conrad II, king of

Germany, crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

1028 León – Alfonso V killed; Bermudo III became king,

last of Pérez dynasty.

Norway – Olaf II died in Battle of Stiklestad,

canonized, became Norway’s patron saint.

Canute the Great became king.

Portugal – Mendes Nunes Became count.

Germany – Henry III elected co-ruler.

Byzantine Empire – Zoe became empress; her

husband became Romanos III.

1029 Spain – Garcia Sánchez, count of Castile,

assassinated, Ferdinand succeeds him.

1030 France – Henry I revolts against his father, Robert

I

1031 France – Henry I became sole ruler.

Poland – Bezprym became duke.

1032 Burgundy – The Holy Roman Emperor, Conrad II

became king; Burgandy absorbed by French

monarchy.

Venice – Doge Pietro Barbolano forced to

abdicate in favour of Otto Orseolo, Otto is close to

death so Domenico Flabanico is elected doge.

Poland – Bezprym murdered; Mieszko II Lambert

returns to throne.

Rome – 20 Oct – Pope John XIX died.

-1045 – Theophylactus III became Pope Benedict

IX.

1033

1034 Scotland – Duncan I and Bethóc become king

and queen. 1034 Poland – Mieszko II Lambert probably murdered,

Czechs invade from south, Poland divided among

local rulers.

Byzantine Empire – Empress Zoe murders her

husband Romanos III, marries her chamberlain,

elevating him to the throne of eastern Roman

Empire as Michael IV the Paphlagonian.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1035 England – 12 November Canute died, aged c.

40.

13 November – 1040 Harold Harefoot became

king.

1035 Norway – Magnus I the Good became king.

1036 England – Edward the Confessor attempt to seize

throne from Harold I. 1036

1037 León – King Bermudo III killed in Battle of

Tamarón, Spanish kingdoms of León and Castile

unite, Ferdinand, count of Castile, became king

Ferdinand I the Great, start of Jiménez dynasty.

1038

1039 Wales – Iago ab Idwal killed, Gruffyd ap Llewelyn

became king. 1039 Germany – Conrad II died; Henry III continues as

sole ruler.

Poland – Casimir I the Restorer became duke.

1040 England – 17 March Harold Harefoot died, aged

c.23 or 24. Later his body is exhumed, beheaded

and thrown into a fen near the Thames.

18 June – 1042 Harthacanute became king.

Scotland – King Duncan I killed in Battle,

Macbeth succeeds him.

1040 Hungary – Peter Urseolo became king.

1041 -1042 Æthelric, Archbishop of York. 1041 Bayzantine Empire – Michael IV died, Michael V

became co-emperor with Zoe.

1042 -1051 Ælfric Puttoc, Archbishop of York. 1042 England – 8 June Harthacanute died, aged c.24.

9 June – 1066 Saint Edward the Confessor

became king.

1042 Denmark – Magnus the Good, king of Norway,

also became king of Denmark.

Serbia – Stefan Dobroslav I Vojislav defeats

Bytantine Emperor Constantine IX; Duklja became

a leading state in Serbia.

Byzantine Empire – Michael V deposed by

popular revolt; Zoe became joint-empress with her

sister Theodora. Zoe marries again, elevates

husband to the throne as Constantine IX.

Syria – 12 Aug – Earthquake measuring 7.2Mw,

epicentre in Palmyra, Baalbek.

1043 Venice – Doge Domenico Flabanico died;

Domenico Contarini elected doge.

1044 Hungary – Peter became king again after Battle of

Ménfõ.

Belarus – Vseslav became prince of Polotsk.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1045 England – Edward the Confessor begins

construction of Westminster Abbey. 1045 Rome – Pope Benedict IX forced from Rome,

Sylvester III became Pope,

April – Pope Benedict IX forces Pope Sylvester

III’s expulsion.

May – Pope Benedict IX resigns, selling papacy to

John Gratian who became Pope Gregory VI;

Benedict IX returns to papal throne but Gregory

recognized as true Pope.

1046 Rome – 20 Dec – Pope Gregory VI died.

24 Dec-9 Oct 1047 – Suidger, the German bishop,

became Pope Clement II.

Holy Roman Empire – Henry III, king of Germany,


1047 Normandy – William the Conqueror secures

control of Normandy.

Rome – 9 Oct – Pope Clement II died.

Nov-1048 – Benedict IX seizes Lateran Palace,

became Pope for third time.

Denmark – Sweyn II Estridson became king.

Norway – Harald III Sigurdsson, also known as

Harald Hardråda, became sole ruler, the last

Viking king.

Hungary – King Peter deposed for second time,

Andrew I returns from exile to become king.

1048 Rome – Pope Benedict IX resigned.

17 Jul-9 Aug – Poppo, bishop of Brixen, became

Pope Damasus II.

Hungary – king Andrew assigns 1/3 control to his

brother Duke Béla.

1049 Rome – 12 Feb-19 Apr 1054 – Bruno von

Eguisheim-Dagsburg became Pope Leo IX. He

renewed the practice of celibacy.

1050 Portugal – Nuno Mendes became 7th

count of

Portugal, last count of the House of Vímara Peres.

Sweden – Edmund the old became king, last of

the House of Munsõ.

Byzantine Empire – Empress Zoe died, her

husband, Constantine IX, became sole ruler.

1051 -1060 Cynesige, Archbishop of York. 1051 Serbia – Mihailo I became grand prince of Duklja.

1052



1054 Navarre - Garcia Sánchez III died in the Battle of

Atapuerca; succeeded by 14 year old Sancho IV.

Germany – Henry IV became king.

Rome – 19 Apr – Pope Leo IX’s excommunication

of the patriarch of Constantinople, Michael I

Cerularius, led to the between Eastern and

Western Churches, the Great Schism.

Kievan Rus’ – Izyaslav I became prince of Kiev.

1055 Wales – Gruffydd ap Llewelyn claims sovereignty

over all of Wales. 1055 Rome – 13 Apr-28 Jul 1057 – Gebhard, count of

Calw, Tollenstein und Hirschberg became Pope

Victor II.

Byzantine Empire – Constantine IX died,

Theodora became sole ruler.

1056 León-Castile – Ferdinand I the Great declares

himself ‘Emperor of Hispania’.

Byzantine Empire – Empress Theodora died

childless. Michael VI Bringas replaces her, but not

received with universal support, conflict breaks out

between noble families.

1057 Scotland – King Macbeth killed in battle against

Malcolm III, Lulach mac Gille Coemgáin became

king.

1057 Rome – 28 Jul – Pope Victor II died.

2 Aug-29 Mar 1058 – Frèdèric de Lorraine

became Pope Stephen IX.

Hungary – King Andrew I has his son Solomon

crowned ‘junior’ king.

Byzantine Empire – Michael VI abdicates; Isaac I

Komnenos became emperor.

1058 Scotland – King Lulach assassinated; Malcolm III

Canmore became king. 1058 Poland – Boleslaw the Bold became duke of

Poland.

Rome – 29 Mar – Pope Stephen IX died.

6 Dec-27 Jul 1061 – Gérard de Bourgogne,

bishop of Florence, became Pope Nicholas II. He

introduced the practice of Popes being elected by

cardinals instead of Roman aristocracy.

1059 Byzantine Empire – Isaac I abdicates;

Constantine X Douhas became first emperor of the

Doukid dynasty.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1060 France – Philippe I succeeds to throne age 7,

rules in his own right by 14.

Sweden - Stenkil Ragnvaldson became king, first

of the House of Stenkil.

Hungary – Duke Béla defeats his brother Andrew I

to become king; Andrew I captured and died.

1061 -1069 Ealfred, Archbishop of York. 1061 Rome – 27 Jul – Pope Nicholas II died.

30 Sept-21 Apr 1073 – Anselmo da Baggio,

bishop of Lucca, became Pope Alexander II.

1062

1063 Aragón – Sancho Ramírez became king.

Hungary – King Béla I died, his throne’s canopy

collapses on him. Solomon crowned king for

second time, aged 9.

1064 Wales – Gruffydd ap Llewelyn killed by Cynan ap

Iago. Bleddyn ap Cyfyn became ruler. 1064

1065 Morchar appointed governor of York 1065 León-Castile – Ferdinand I died, his kingdom is

split between his sons; Sancho II the Strong

receives the Kingdom of Castile, Alfonso VI

became king of León, and García of Galicia.

1066 England – 5 January Saint Edward the

Confessor died, aged c. 60.

6 January – Harold Godwinson became king.

23 September – Battle of Stamford Bridge.

14 October – Harold Godwinson killed at Battle of

Hastings, aged c.46.

15 October – 17 December Edgar the Atheling,

proclaimed king, but not crowned.

25 December - 1087 William I the Conqueror

became king.

1066 Sweden – Stenkil Ragnvaldsson died.

Norway – Magnus II Haraldsson became king.

1067 France – The Trencavel family in Carcassonne.

Norway – Olaf III the Peaceful returne from

England to claim his share of the Kingdom (the

south), Magnus II rules the north.

Byzantine Empire – Michael VII became emperor,

aged 17; his mother, Eudokia, and general

Romanos IV Diogenes, rule as regents.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1068 After death of Robert, earl Gospatrick,

commander of the Northumbrians, and

Edgar Atheling, marched their forces to

York.

William advanced on York.

Edgar sent back to Scotland.

William pardoned the earls and entered to

keys of York.

Heavy fine levied on citizens.

Two castles built (Clifford’s Tower & Baile

Hill), garrisoned by Norman soldiers.

Morchar, Edwin & Gospatrick flee to

Scotland.

Osbern etc. received by citizens.

1068 England - Earl Morchar, governor of York, earl of

Chester joined Blethwin, king of Wales with guard

of 700 men marched to Durham and slew Robert,

whom William had created earl of Northumbria.

William demands Morchar, Edwin, Gospatrick &

Edgar from Malcolm, the Scottish king.

Malcolm refuses, invites king of Denmark to join

English and Scottish forces against William.

Sent his brother Osbern, with the two sons of

Harold, and troops in 250 ships, sailed up the

Humber.

1068 Kievan Rus’ - A popular uprising deposes

Izyaslav I, who flees to Poland.

1069 19th

Sept. Normans prepared for siege,

started fire in suburb, which spread to

parts of city and burnt cathedral and

library.

Danes able to approach walls without

opposition, during confusion.

3,000 Normans killed, High Sheriff of the

county, his lady and a few others, found

in the castles, survived.

Waltheof, son of Siward, appointed

governor of York, with garrison if English

and Scottish soldiers.

Danes retired to place between Humber

and Trent to await Normans.

William arrived before city, summoned

Waltheof to surrender – refused.

1069 England – William the Conqueror crushes

rebellion in the north, burning houses, crops, cattle

and land, over 100,000 people die from starvation

and winter cold. This is known as the Harrying of

the North.

1069 Norway – Magnus II died, Olaf became sole ruler.

Kievan Rus’ – Izyaslav I retakes Kiev, with help

from Polish army.

1070 -1100 Thomas I (of Bayeux), Archbishop

of York.

William pushed forward the siege on

York.

After 6 months, York surrendered, due to

famine.

English and Scotch garrison put to the

sword. City raised to the ground.

Waltheof, the last Saxon earl, was

beheaded for conspiracy.

1070 England - William bribed Danish general with

money and right to plunder sea coast, if left the

country.

Waltheof, the first nobleman to be beheaded in

England.

Herewald teh Wake begins a Saxon revolt in nthe

Fens of Eastern England.

1070


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1071 Spain – García II, as king of Galicia, first to use

title of king of Portugal, following defeat of Count

Nuno Mendes in Battle of Pedroso.

Italy – The last Byzantine-controlled city in the

south, Bari, is captured by Robert Guiscard.

Venice - Domenico Selvo elected doge.

Byzantine Empire – Emperor Michael VII sends

his mother to a monastery, kills Romanos IV and

crowned senior emperor.

1072 England & Scotland – William I invades

Scotland; defeats Hereward the Wake in the Fens.

Ireland – Toirdelbach ua Briain became high king

of Ireland, aged 15.

1072 León-Castile – Sancho the Strong assassinated ,

Alfonso VI takes control and calls himself ‘Emperor

of all Hispania.’

Bulgaria – Constantin Bodin assumes throne as

Peter III, following revolt obyBulgarian noblemen.

Byzantines retaliate and capture Peter. Bulgaria

ruled by Byzantine Empire.

1073 Rome – 21 Apr – Pope Alexander II died.

22 Apr-25 May 1085 – Hildebrand of Soana

became Pope Gregory VII.

Kievan Rus’ – Izyaslav I ousted again. Sviatoslav

II became prince of Kiev.

1074 Denmark – Harald III elected king.

Hungary - Solomon is defeated by Géza I in the

Battle of Mogyoród, goes into exile but remains in

control of western of country.

1075 England – Revolt of the Three Earls, against

William I, is last serious act of resistance to

Norman Conquest.

Wales – Bleddyn ap Gyfyn killed by Rhys ab

Owain. Trahearn ap Caradog became king of

Gwynedd.

1075 Holy Roman Empire – Henry IV, Holy Roman

Emperor conquers Saxony.

1076 Aragón & Navarre – Sancho Ramírez elected

king became king.

Rome – Pope Gregory VII excommunicates the

Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV.

Kievan Rus’ – Vsevolod I became prince of Kiev,

ceded throne to Isyaslav I.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1077 England – Robert Curthose, future duke of

Normandy, instigates first insurrection against his

father, William I.

1077 Sweden – Halsten Stenkilsson became king.

Hungary – Géza I died; his brother, Ladislaus I

became king.

Montenegro - Kingdom of Duklja founded, with

support of Pope Gregory VII; Mihailo I is the first

king.

1078 Wales – Trahaern ap Caradog, king of Gwynedd,

defeats Rhys ab Owain in Battle of Goodwick. 1078 Bulgaria – Constantine Bodin, Peter III, freed by

venetian sailors and returns to Zeta.

Byzantine Empire – Michael VII resigns and

enters a monastery; Nikephoros III Botanieiates

proclaims himself emperor.

Kievan Rus’ – Izyaslav I died in a civil war;

Vsevolod I restored to power.

1079 Poland – Bolslaw II the Bold murdered bishop of

Kraków, nobles and prelates revolt, Boleslaw

forced into exile in Hungary; his brother,

Wladyslaw I Herman, became duke of Poland.

1080 England – William I writes to Pope to remind him

the king of England owes him no allegiance. 1080 Sweden – Inge I became king, shares throne with

his brother, Halsten.

Denmark – Canute IV became king.

1081 Wales – Trahaearn ap Carado, king of Gwynedd

is murdered; Gruffydd ap Cynan became king of

north Wales, spends first 12 years imprisoned by

William I in England.

1081 Sweden – Blot Sven overthrows hia brother-in law

King Inge.

Serbia – Constantin Bodin became king of Duklja.

Byzantine Empire – Emperor Nikephorus III is

overthrown by Alexios I Comnenus.

1082 Holy Roman Empire – Henry IV, Holy Roman

Emperor, besieged Rome and gained entry.

1083 Sweden – Inge I kills Blot Sven and returns to the

throne.

Bosnia – is conquered by Duklja.

Hungary – King Stephen is canonized and

became patron saint of his country.

1084 Venice – Doge Domenico Selvo defeated at Corfu

by Robert Guiscard’s Normans. Vitale Faliero

Dodoni elected Doge.

Holy Roman Empire – Henry IV, king of Germany

crowned Holy Roman Emperor

1085 Rome – 25 May – Pope Gregory VII died.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1086 Rome – 24 May-16 Sept 1087 – Desiderius, the

great abbot of Monte Cassino, became Pope

Victor III.

Denmark – King Canute IV is assassinated in the

church of St. Alban at Odense; he is made a saint

and became patron saint of Denmark; his brother

Olaf I, became king.

1087 England – 26 Sept – 1100 William II became

king. 1087 France – 9 Sept – William I the Conqueror died,

aged c. 59, whilst besieging Mantes.

Germany – Conrad II elected king and crowned in

Aachen.

Hungary – Former King Solomon I is killed in

battle near Hadrianopolis.

Rome – 16 Sept – Pope Victor III died.

1088 Rome – 12 Mar-29 Jul 1099 – Odo of Lagery

became Pope Urban II.

1089

1090 Ireland – Domhnall Maclochlainn became high

king. 1090 Spain – García II, former king of Galicia, died in

monastery to which he was consigned by his

brothers.

1091

1092

1093 Scotland – Malcolm III killed at Battle of Alnwick;

Donald III Bane became king, he expels the

English from the Scottish court.

1093 Portugal – Henry of Burgundy receives the county

of Portugal as a dowry for marriage to Theresa,

daughter of Alfonso.

Norway – Haakon Magnusson became king.

Italy – Conrad II of Germany crowned king.

Kievan Rus’ – Sviatopolk II became prince of

Kiev.

1094 Scotland – Donald III Bane deposed, Duncan II

succeeds him, but killed in revolt against Norman

influence in Scotland; Donald III Bane returns to

throne.

1094 Aragón and Navarre – Sancho I died at Siege of

Huesca; Pedro I became king.

Norway – Haakon Magnusson died; Magnus

Barefoot became king.

1095 Denmark – Eric I became king.

Hungary – Ladislaus I died and canonized.

Coloman became king.

1096 Venice – Vital I Michele elected 32nd

Doge.

1097 Scotland – Edgar became king. 1097

1098 Germany – Henry IV deposes his son, Conrad II,

replacing him with his younger son, Henry V.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1099 Germany – Henry V became the last king of the

Salian dynasty.

Rome – 29 Jul – Pope Urban II died 14 days after

the capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders.

13 Aug-21 Jan 1118 – Monk Ranirtius became

Pope Paschal II, he excommunicates Holy Roman

Emperor Henry IV.

Sweden – Halsten died, Inge is sole ruler.

1100 -1108 Gerard, Archbishop of York. 1100 England – 2 August William II Rufus died, aged

c.40, killed by an arrow whilst hunting.

5 August – 1135 Henry I (Beauclerc) became

king.

1100

1101 England – Robert Curthose gives up hos claim to

the Anglo-Norman throne, which confirmed Henry

I as king of England.

1101 Serbia – Constantin Bodin, king of Duklja, died,

his sons, Mihailo II Vojislav and Dobroslav II, rule

jointly.

Belarus – Boris I became prince of Polotsk.

1102 Venice – Ordelafo Faliero became doge.

Poland – Zbigniew and Boleslw III Wrymouth rule

the country jointly after the death of their father

Wladyslaw I Herman.

Serbia – Dobroslav III became ruler of Duhlja, he

is captured, castrated and blinded. Kočopar

Branislavljevic brought to power by Prince Vukon

of Rascia.

1103 Norway – Olaf Magnusson became king, aged 4,

his older brothers act as regents.

Serbia – Vladimir, oldest brother of King

Constantin Bodin, become s king of Duklja,

marries one of Prince Vukan’s daughters.

1104 Aragón and Navarre – Alfonso I the Warrior

became king.

Denmark – Niels became king.

1106 England – Henry I defeats his older brother,

Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, at the Battle

of Tinchebrai.

1106 Germany – Henry IV escapes from prison, defeats

his son Lorraine, but died soon after.

Belarus – David became prince of Polotsk.

1107 Scotland – King Edward died, his brother,

Alexander I became king. 1107 Poland – Boleslaw III puts his half-brother,

Zbigniew, to flight, and became sole ruler.

Zbigniew and Holy Roman Empire join forces

against Poland, but defeated, Zbigniew captured

and blinded.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1108 -1114 Thomas II, Archbishop of York. 1108 Scotland – Alexander marries Sybilla, illegitimate

daughter of Henry I of England. 1108

1109 León-Castile-Galicia – Alfonso IV died, Urraca,

his daughter, became queen, she marries Alfonso

I of Aragón.

1110 Holy Roman Empire – Henry V invades Italy.

1111 Holy Roman Empire – Henry V of Germany

crowned emperor, later excommunicated by Pope.

1112 Portugal – King Henry died, his son Alfonso I

Henriques became count of Portugal, aged 3. His

mother, Teresa, rules as regent.

Sweden – Philip Halstensson became king,

sharing the throne with Inge II.

1113 Scotland – David, brother of King Alexander I,

demands further titles and land, known as ‘Prince

of the Cumberlands’.

1113 Hungary – Coloman imprisons and blinds his

brother Almos.

Serbia – Vladimir of Duklja is poisoned by order of

Queen Jakvinta, she appoints her son George to

the throne.

Kievan Rus’ – Vladimir II Monomakh, son of

Vsevolod I, became prince of Kiev.

1114 -1140 Thurstan, Archbishop of York. 1114 León-Castile-Galicia – Marriage of Queen

Urraca and Alfonso I of Aragón is annulled.

1115 Norway – Olaf Magnusson died, his brothers

Øystein and Sigurd I the crusader, share the

throne.

1116 Hungary – Coloman died, Stephen II became king

of Hungary and Coatia.

1117 Venice – Doge Ordelafo Faliero killed in battle

against Hungarians, Domenico Michele elected

doge.

1118 Ireland – Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair became

high king. 1118 Normandy – Rebellion against Henry I breaks out.

Rome – 21 Jan – Pope Paschal II died.

24 Jan-28 Jan 1119 – Giovanni Coniula became

Pope Gelasius II.

Sweden – Philip Halstensson died, Inge II became

sole ruler.

Serbia – Prince Grubeša Branislavljević, deposes

King George of Duklja.

Byzantine Empire – John I Comnenos became

emperor.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1119 Rome – 28 Jan – Pope Gelasius died.

2 Feb-13 Dec 1124 – Guy de Vienne became

Pope Calixtus II.

1120 England – Thomas Becket born.

The White Ship sinks in the English Channel,

Henry II’s son , William Adelin, is drowned.

1120

1121

1122 Roman Empire – Henry V renopunces the right of

investiture of bishop, in the Concordat of Worms.

His excommunication is lifted.

1123 Rome – Pope Calixtus II opened the First Council

of the Lateran.

Norway – Øystein died, Sigurd I became sole

ruler.

1124 Scotland – David I became king, with support of

Henry I of England. 1124 Rome – 13 Dec – Pope Callixtus died.

15 Dec-13 Feb 1130 – Lamberto Scannabecchi,

cardinal of Ostia, became Pope Honorius II.

1125 England – Edgar the Atheling died, aged c.72. 1125 Germany – Henry V died, Lothair, duke of Saxony,

elected king.

Kievan Rus’ – Vladimir II died, his son Mstislav I

became prince of Kiev.

1126 León-Castile-Galicia – Queen Urraca

died,Alfonso VII became king.

1127 Balarus – Boris I became prince of Polotsk (2nd

time).

1128 Portugal – Count Alfonso I Henrique defeats his

mother, Teresa, at Battle of São Mamede, also

defeats Alfonso VII of Castile and Léon. Portugal

effectively became independent.

Balarus – Sviatopolk of Kiev became prince of

Polotsk.

1129 Portugal – Count Alfonso Henriques declared

prince of Portugal.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1130 Sweden – Sverker I the Elder became king.

Norway – Sigurd I died, Civil war break out for

claim to throne between Magnus Sigurdsson and

Harald IV Gille.

Venice – Pietro Polani elected doge.

Rome – 13 Feb – Pope Honorius II died.

14 Feb-24 Sept 1143 – Cardinal Gregorio

Papareschi became Pope Innocent II; a group of

cardinals elect antiPope Anacletus II.

Sicily – Roger II became king.

1131 Hungary and Croatia – Stephen II died, Béla II

the Blind became king.

Balarus – Vasil became prince of Polotsk.

1132 Kievan Rus’ - Yaropolk II became prince of Kiev.

1133 Holy Roman Empire – Lothair III, elected king of

Germany, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

1134 Aragón and Navarre – Alfonso I of Aragón leaves

his kingdom to the Knights Templar. His wishes

are ignored and Ramiro II became king.

Denmark – King Niels died in battle in Schleswig;

Eric II became king.

Norway – Magnus IV Sigurdsson defeats Harald

IV at Battle of Färlev.

1135 England – 1 December Henry I died, aged 67,

from food poisoning.

22 December – 1154 Stephen (of Blois) became

king.

1135 León-Castile-Galicia – Alfonso II of Castile is

crowned ‘Emperor of all the Spains’.

Norway – Harald IV captures Magnus IV, blinds

him and imprisons him.

1136 Wales – Owain Gwynedd defeats the Normans at

Crug Mawr. 1136 Norway – Sigurd Slembedjakn murders Harald IV;

Sigurd II Munn became co-ruler with his brothers

Inge and Øystein; Sigurd Slembedjakn makes a

rival claim for the throne.

1137 Fire of York, burnt down the Cathedral,

St. Mary’s Abbey, St. Leonard’s Hospital,

39 parish churches in the city , and Trinity

church, in the suburbs.

1137 France – Louis VII the Young became king.

Aragón – Ramiro abdicates and returns to the

monastery, his daughter Peronilla became queen.

Germany – Lothair II died, whilst in Italy.

Denmark – Eric III became king.

Sicily – Naples is captured and integrated into the

Kingdom of Sicily.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1138 David, king of Scotland, and army,

besieged York.

Archbishop Thurstan, lieutenant governor

of the North, called a force of nobility and

gentry of the county, marched against

Scots, who left the city.

1138 England and Scotland - Scottish army defeated

by archbishop Thurstan’s army, at Northallerton –

10,000 Scots killed

1138 Germany – Conrad III elected king, civil war

breaks out when he deprives rival Henry the Proud

of his lands.

Rome – AntiPope Anacletus II died.

Poland – Boleslaw III divide the country between

his five sons.

Syria – 11 Oct – Earthquake, epicentre in Aleppo.

1139 Portugal – Prince Alfonso declared king, after

Battle of Ourique.

Norway – Sigurd Slembedjakn is imprisoned and

executed by supporters of Inge I.

Sicily – Pope Innocent II recognizes the Kingdom

of Sicily.

Kievan Rus’ – Vsevolod II became ruler (prince of

Kiev)

Rome – Second Council of the Lateran convened.

1140

1141 -1147 William FitzHerbert, Archbishop of

York. 1141 Hungary and Croatia – Béla II died, Géza II

crowned king, aged 11.

1142

1143 Portugal – King Alfonso VII of Castile recognizes

Portugal as an independent kingdom by the Treaty

of Zamora.

Rome – 24 Sept – Pope Innocent II died.

26 Sept-8 Mar 1144 – Guido di Castello became

Pope Celestine II.

Byzantine Empire – Johnn II Comnenus died in

hunting accident. Manuel I Comnenus became

emperor.

1144 France – Geoffery of Anjou, second husband of

Empress Matilda, conquers Nomandy.

Rome – 8 Mar – Pope Celestine II died.

12 Mar-15 Feb 1145 – Gherardo Caccianemici dal

Orso became Pope Lucius II.

Balarus – Rogneda Borisovich became prince of

Polotsk.

1145 Rome – 15 Feb – Pope Lucius II killed by a stone

thrown at him as he marched against the Roman

Senate.

15 Feb-8 Jul 1153 – Bernardo dei Paganelli di

Montemagno, became Pope Eugene III.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1146 Holy Roman Empire – Emperor Conrad III takes

part in the Second Crusade.

Poland – Wladyslaw II driven into exile by his

younger brother; Boleslaw IV the Curly became

high duke.

Serbia – Radoslav Gradišnić became ruler of

Dukja.

Kievan Rus ‘ – Igor II became prince of Kiev, soon

deposed by his cousin, Iziaslav Msistislavich, who

became Iziaslav II.

1147 -1153 Henry Murdac, Archbishop of York. 1147 Portugal – King Alfonso I and the Crusaders

capture Lisbon from the Moors.

Germany – Conrad III has his son, Henry

Berengar, elected king, to rule whilst he is away on

the Second Crusade.

1148 Aragón – Queen Petonella abdicates in favour of

her son Ramon, who became Alfonso II.

Navarre – Sancho VI became king.

Portugal – King Alfonso I takes Abrantes from the

Moors.

Denmark – Eric III abandons the throne, retires to

a monastery, Sweyn III became king, challenged

by Canute V and Valdemar ‘the Great’. He kills

Canute, but killed by Valdemar, who became king

in 1157.

Venice – Domenico Morosis elected doge.

Kievan Rus’ – Yuri I Dolgoruki became prince of

Kiev.

1149

1150 Germany – King Henry Beregar died.

1151 Belarus – Rostislav of Minsk became prince of

Polotsk.

Kievan Rus’ – Prince Yuri I driven from Kiev by

his nephew Iziaslav III.

1152 Germany – Conrad III died, Frederick I

Barbarossa elected king.

1153 -1154 William FitzHerbert, Archbishop of

York. 1153 Scotland – King David I died. His grandson,

Malcolm IV, became king, aged 11. 1153 Rome – 8 Jul – Pope Eugene III died.

8 Jul-3 Dec 1154 – Corado Demetri della Suburra

became Pope Anastasius IV.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1154 -1181 Roger de Pot L’Evêque,

Archbishop of York. 1154 England – 25 October Stephen died, aged c.58.

19 December – 1189 Henry II (Curtmantle)

became king.

1154 Italy – Frederick I Barbarossa crowned king.

Rome – 3 Dec – Pope Anasatasius IV died.

4 Dec-1 Sept 1159 – Cardinal Nicholas of Albano

became Pope Adrain IV, the only Englishman to

become Pope.

Sicily – Roger II died, William I the Bad became

king.

Kievan Rus’ – Rostislav I became grand prince for

one week, Iziaslav III drives him out and returns to

power.

1155 Norway – Sigurd II murdered by his brother and

co-ruler Inge I.

Holy Roman Empire – Frederick I Barbarossa of

Germany crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

Kievan Rus’ – Yuri I retakes Kiev.

1156 Ireland – Muirchertach MacLochlainn became

high king. 1156 Sweden – Sverker I murdered on way to church

on Christmas day. Erik IX the Saint became king.

Venice – Vitale II Michele elected doge.

1157 León-Castile-Galicia – King Alfonso VII died,

kingdom split between sons – Ferdinand – León

and Galicia, Sancho-Castile and Toledo.

Denmark – Valdemar the Great became king.

Norway – Inge became sole ruler after his brother

Øystein killed.

Russia – Andrei Bogolyubsky became Prince

Andrei I of Vladimir-Suzdal.

Kievan Rus’ – Yuiri I died, Iziaslav III restored to

throne.

Syria – 12 Aug – Earthquake measuring 7.2Mw.

1158 León-Castile-Galicia – Alfonso VIII became king

of Castile, aged 3.

1159 Rome – 1 Sept – Pope Adrian IV died.

7 Sept-30 Aug 1181 – Cardinal Orlando Bandinelli

became Pope Alexander III.

Balarus – Rogneda Borisovich became prince of

Polotsk for 2nd

time.

Kievan Rus’ – Rostislav I become grand prince for

2nd

time.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1160 First York parliament, mentioned in

history, called by Henry II.

Malcolm, king of Scotland, summoned

before this parliament, charged with

betraying Henry’s counsel to the French,

during the war in that country. Allegations

proved false, but Malcolm had to lose

some of his lands in England. and to do

homage for the kingdom of Scotalnd.

1160 Sweden – Erik IX is murdered, later canonied

becoming Sweden’s patron saint; Magnus II

became king.

Sicily – William I defeats a revolt, his son Roger is

killed.

1161 Sweden – Karl VIII became king.

Norway – Haakon II the Broadshouldered defeats

and kills Inge I, in battle near Oslo, he succeeds

Øystein as king.

Hungary and Croatia – Stephen III became king.

1162 Norway – Haakon II the Broadshouldered killed by

Erling Skaake, Sigurd Markusfostre named king.

Serbia – Mihailo III Vojislav became last ruler of

Dukja.

Balarus – Vseslav Vasilkovich became prince of

Polotsk.

1163 Wales – Owain Gwynedd recognized as ruler.

1163 Norway – Magnus V Elingsson first Norwegian

king to be crowned, aged 7.

1164

1165 Scotland – Malcolm IV died, aged 24; his brother,

William I the Lion succeeds him. His standard

became the Royal Standard of Scotland (red lion

rampant with forked tail, on yellow background)

1165

1166 Ireland – Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair became last

‘High King of all Ireland’. 1166 Sicily – William II became king, aged 11, his

mother, Margaret of Navarre, acts as regent.

1167 Sweden – Canute I Ericson kills Karl VII to take

the throne.

Balarus – Volodar of Minsk became prince of

Polotsk.

Kievan Rus’ – Mstislav II became grand prince.

1168 England – Prince Richard became duke of

Aquitaine. 1168

1169 England – Eleanor of Aquitaine leaves England to

establish her court in Poitiers. 1169 Germany – Henry VI is elected king.

Sicily – 4 Feb – Earthquake.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1170 England – Thomas Becket assassinated.

Ireland – Henry II sponsors the Norman invasion

of Ireland.

1170 Kievan Rus’ – Gleb became grand prince.

Eastern Mediterranean – 29 Jun – Earthquake

measuring 7.7Mw, Damage in Syria, Lebanon &

Turkey.

1171 Archbishop Roger commenced the

rebuilding to the Minster Choir.

Parliament met in York. William,

successor of Malcolm, summoned to do

homage for the kingdom of Scotland. He

complied and, in token of his subjection,

deposited on the alter of the Cathedral, in

York, his breast-plate, spear, and saddle.

1171 Wales – Rhys ap Gruffydd agrees to negotiate

with Henry II of England. 1171 Sicily – William II declared old enough to rule.

Kievan Rus’ – Vladimir II is briefly grand prince,

Roman I succeeds him.

1172 England – Council of Avranches absolves Henry

II of the assassination of Thomas Becket.

Ireland - Henry II conquers Ireland and confirmed

as lord of Ireland by the Pope.

1172 Venice – Sebastiano Ziani is elected doge.

Hungary and Croatia – Stephan III died, Béla III,

his younger brother, became king.

1173 England – Eleanor of Aquitaine and her sons

rebel against her husband, Henry II, unsuccessful. 1173 Poland – Mieszko III ‘the Old’ became high duke.

Kievan Rus’ – Vsevolod the Big Nest briefly

istalled to throne, before being taken prisoner.

Rurik became grand prince.

1174 England – 12 July – William I of Scotland

captured by English force led by Ranulf de Glanvill

at Battle of Alnwick, Henry II occupies Scotland.

1174 Norway – Øystein Meyla declared king by his

supporters during civil war.

Russia – Prince Andrei I Bogolyubsky

assassinated; his half-brother Mikhail became

prince of Vladimir-Suzdal.

Kievan Rus’ – Iaroslav II, manoeuvred onto

throne by relatives.

1175 Scotland – William I of Scotland allowed to return

to Scotland following signing Treaty of Falaise,

agreeing to pay cost of English army occupation

by taxing Scots.

Ireland – Ruaidri Ua Conchobair, the last high

king, submits to Henry II with Treaty of Windsor.

1175

1176


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1177 Norway – Øystein Meyla killed in Battle of Re.

Sicily – William II marries Joan, daughter of Henry

II of England.

Poland – Expulsion of Mieszko III, Casimir II the

Just, elevated to high duke.

Russia – Vsevolod the Big Nest became grand

prince of Vladimir.

Kievan Rus’ – Sviatoslav III deposes Iaroslav II.

1178 Venice – Orio Mastropiero elected doge.

1179 Portugal – Pope Alexander III acknowledges

Afonso as king of an independent Portugal.

Rome – Third Council of the Lateran convened.

Pope Alexander III forced to leave Rome by

Roman republic; antiPope Innocent III is installed.

1180 France – Philippe II Augustus became king.

Rome – AntiPope Innocent III deposed by Pope

Alexander III.

Byzantine Empire – Manuel I omnenus died,

Alexios II Comnenus became emperor.

Kievan Rus’ – Rurik returns to power.

1181 Rome – 30 Aug – Pope Alexander III died.

1 Sept-25 Nov 1185 – Cardinal Ubaldo Allucingoli

became Pope Lucius III.

1182 Denmark – Valdemar the Great died, Canute VI

became sole ruler.

Kievan Rus’ - Sviatoslav III became grand prince

for third time, co-ruler with Rurik.

1183 Byzantine Empire – Alexios II strangled,

Andronikos Comnenos became sole emperor.

1184 Rome – Pope Lucius III lauches Inquisition.

Norway – Magnus V killed in Battle of Firmreite,

Sverre Sigurdsson became role ruler.

1185 Scotland – Richard the Lionheart, needing funds

for Third Crusade, terminates Treaty of Falaise in

return for 10,000 silver marks.

1185 Portugal – Alfonso Henriques I died, his son

Sanco I became king.

Norway – Jon Kuvlung became pretender to the

throne.

Rome – 25 Nov – Pope Lucius III died.

25 Nov-19 Oct 1187 – Uberto Crivelli became

Pope Urban III.

Byzantine Empire – Isaac II Angelus deposes

Andornikos I Comnenus and takes throne.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1186 Serbia – Stefan Nemanja conquers the state of

Duklja, unifies Duklja and Rascia into single state.

1187 Rome – 19 Oct – Pope Urban III died.

21 Oct-17 Dec – Alberto di Morra became Pope

Gregory VIII.

19 Dec-20 Mar 1191 – Paulino Scolari became

Pope Clement III.

1188 León-Castille-Galicia – Alfonso IX the slobberer

became king of León and Galicia.

Norway – Pretender Jon Kuvlung killed by King

Sverre.

1189 -1212 Geoffrey, Archbishop of York. 1189 England – 6 July Henry II died, aged 56.

3 September – 1199 Richard I the Lionheart

became king.

Gave orders that no Jew be presented at his

coronation, which had been the tradition. Several

Jews found in crowd, they were attacked, some

killed.

Benedict and Jocenus, from York, in this crowd.

Benedict was dragged to a church and forcibly

baptized then taken before Richard, where he

professed to still be a Jew in his heart. Died soon

after.

Jocenus escaped, unhurt, and returned to York.

1189 Holy Roman Empire – Frederick I Barbarossa

leads Third Cursade against Saladin.

Sicily – William II died, his nephew Tancred

crowned king.

1190 16 March 150 Jews killed at York Castle.

Richard ordered bishop of Ely to go to

York and punish offenders, high sheriff

and governor imprisoned, 100 inhabitants

taken to Northampton and imprisoned for

four years.

Government of county given to Osbert de

Longchamp.

1190 England – Richard I threatens war against

Tancred od Sicily, captures Messina. 1190 Holy Roman Empire – Frederick I Barbarossa

drowns in Saleph river.

Poland – Mieszko II the Old returns to power as

high duke, until Casimir II is restored.

Albania – Progon became prince of Albania.

1191 Rome – 20 Mar – Pope Clement III died.

21 Mar-8 Jan 1198 – Giacinto Bobone, aged 85,

became Pope Celestine III.

Holy Roman Empire – Henry VI of Germany


1192 England – Truce between Richard I and Saladin

ends Third Crusades. Richard taken hostage by

Leopold V of Austria.

1192 Venice – Enrico Dandolo is elected doge.

Belarus – Ginwill became prince of Polotsk.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1193 1193 Norway – Sigurd Magnusson became pretender to

the throne.

1194 England – Richard I ransomed from Henry VI,

Holy Roman Emperor 1194 Norway – King Sverre Sigurdsson

excommunicated by Norwegian Church. Civil War

breaks out again with the Baglers. Sigurd

Magnusson killed.

Navarre – Sancho VII the Strong became king.

Sicily – King Tancred died, William III became

king, under the regency of his mother.

Poland – Casimer II died, leszek I the White

became high duke.

Kievan Rus’ – Sviatoslav III died, Rurik became

sole ruler.

1195 Byzantine Empire – Alexios Angelos proclaims

himself emperor Alecios III, Isaac II is imprisoned

and blinded.

1196 Aragón – Pedro II became king, the first to be

crowned by the Pope.

Norway – Inge Magnusson became Baglar

pretender to the throne.

Germany – Frederick II elected king.

Sweden – Canute I died; Sverker II the Younger

elected king.

Hungary and Croatia – Emeric became king.

Serbia – Grand Prince Stefan Namanja abdicates

in favour of his son Stefan.

Bulgaria – Kaloyan became tsar.

1197 Holy Roman Empire – Henry VI died of malaria.

1198 Germany – Philip of Swabia elected king, disputed

by Otto IV of Brunswick whoc is elected as rival

king and crowned by the archbishop of Cologne.

Civil War ensues.

Rome – 8 Jan – Pope Celestine III died.

8 Jan-16 Jul 1216 – Cardinal Deacon Lotario dei

Conti di Segni is became Pope Innocent III.

Sicily – Frederick I became king.

Bohemia – Ottokar I became king.

Bulgaria – King Pter murdered; Kalojan became

king.

Poland – Leszek I the White replaced as high

duke by Mieszko III the old.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1199 Meeting held in York between kings of

England and Scotland, agreed sons of

English king to marry daughters of

Scottish king.

1199 England – 6 April Richard I killed, aged 41, at

siege of Châlus.

27 May – 1216 John Lackland became king.

1199 Poland – Leszek I the White ousts Mieszko III the

Old and restored as high duke.

Belarus – Boris II became prince of Polotsk.

1200

1201

1202 Denmark – Valdemar II the Conqueror became

king.

Norway – King Sverre died; Haakon III

pronounced king. Inge Magnusson died and the

Bagler party is dissolved.

Poland – Leszek I the White replaced as high

duke by Mieszko III the old, again, who died

shortly after and succeeded by Wladyslaw III

Spindleshanks.

Lievan Rus’ – Ingvar I briefly rules as grand

prince before Rurik regains the throne.

1203 France – Philippe II enters Rouen.

Byzantine Empire – Alexios III flees, following

arrival of armies of Fourth Crusade; Isaac II

returns to throne with Alexios IV as co-ruler.

Thessalonica – Boniface of Montferret, a leader of

the Fourth Crusade, founds this kingdom.

1204 Norway – Haakon III died, Guttrum Sigurdsson

named king, aged 4.

Hungary and Croatia – Ladislaus III crowned

king, aged 5.

Bulgaria – Kalojan proclaims himself tsar.

Byzantine Empire – Emperor Alexios IV

overthrown in a revolution; Nicolas Canabus

elected emperor, but refuses, therefore strangled.

Alexios Doukas Murzuphlus proclaimed emperor

as Alexios V. Loses battle to Crusaders, and

flees. Constantine Laskaris proclaimed emperor

but not crowned.

Latin Empire – Baldwin, count of Flanders,

crowned emperor, a Crusader state founded by

leaders of Fourth Crusade on land captured from

Byzantine Empire.

Kievan Rus’ – Rostislav II became grand prince.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1205 Sweden – Battle of Älgarås.

Venice – Pietro Ziani elected doge.

Latin Empire – Henry of Flanders crowned

emperor.

Hungary and Croatia – Ladislaus died; Andrew II

became king.

1206 Poland – Wladyslaw III deposed; Leszek I the

White restored to throne.

Kievan Rus’ – Rurik briefly seizes power for fifth

time; Vsevolod IV deposes him and became grand

prince.

1207 Norway – Erling Steinvegg died; Philip Simonsson

named as new Bagler pretender.

Germany – King Philip’s entry to Cologne brings

Civil War to end.

Bulgaria – Tsar Kaloyan murdered; his nephew

Boril became tsar.

Albania – Dhimitër Progoni became sovereign

prince.

1208 Sweden – Sverker II defeated at Battle of Lena;

Erik X became king, the first to be crowned.

Germany – Philip of Swabia murdered; Otto IV

became sole ruler.

Kievan Rus’ – Rurik briefly seizes power for sixth

time.

1209 Holy Roman Empire – Otto IV crowned emperor.

1210 Poland – Mieszko I Tanglefoot became high duke.

1211 Portugal – Afonso II became king.

Germany – Frederick Roger became king as

Frederick II.

Poland – Mieszko II died; Leszek I the White is

restored as king.

1212 Sicily – Henry became king.

Russia – Yuri III became grand prince of Vladimir-

Suzdal.

1213 Aragón – Pedro II died at Battle of Muret; James I

the Conqueror became king.

1214 Scotland – William the Lion died; Alexander II

succeeds him. 1214


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1215 Simon Langton, Archbishop of York.

(election quashed)

-1255 Walter de Gray, Archbishop of

York.

1215 England – January – Group of barons demand

charter of liberties.

-May – Barons take London.

10 June – Barons and King John meet at

Runnymede, Articles of the Barons drawn up. A

formal royal grant was also reached called The

Magna Carta.

1215 Spain – Henry I became king of Castile.

Pedro II of Aragón killed in Battle; James the

Conqueror became king.

Rome – Fourth Council of the Lateran convened.

1216 Northern barons laid siege to York. 1216 England – 19 October John died, aged 49.

Prince Louis of France offered crown by English

barons, he invades England – First Baron’s War.

28 October – 1272 Henry III became king, aged 9

1216 Rome – 16 Jul- Pope Innocent III died.

18 Jul-18 Mar 1227 – Cencio became Pope

Honorius III.

Sweden – Johan I Sverkersson became king,

aged 15.

Albania – Dhimitër Progoni died; his wife

Komnena marries nobleman Grigor Kamona, who

became sovereign prince.

Latin Empire – Pierre II de Courtenay became

emperor, kidnapped.

Russia – Konstantin I defeats Yuri II to seize

Grand-Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal; Yuri sent

into exile.

1217 England – Prince Louis of France renounces his

claim to English throne in Treaty of Lambeth – end

of First Baron’s War.

1217 Castile – Henry I killed by falling roof tile; his

cousin, Ferdinand III, succeeds him.

Norway – Inge Baardsson died; Haakon IV

succeeds him, aged 13.

Serbia – Kingdom of Serbia founded, Stefan II

became king.

Latin Empire – Pierre II de Courtenay died whilst

held a prisoner by captive. His wife Yolanda takes

power.

1218 Bulgaria - Ivan Asen II became tsar having sent

Boril into exile after blinding him.

Russia – Konstantin died Yuri II returns to throne.

1219 Latin Empire – Robert de Courtenay became

emperor.

1220 Henry III and king of Scotland met in

York, Scottish king agreed to marry

Henry’s sister.

1220 Holy Roman Empire – Frederick II became

emperor.

1221


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1222 Sweden – Johan I is deposed; Erik XI became

king, aged 5 years.

Germany – Henry VII is crowned co-king with his

father, Frederick II.

Cyprus – 11 May – Earthquake measuring 7.5Mw.

1223 France – Louis VIII the Lion became king.

Portugal – Afonso II died; Sanch II the Pious

became king.

Kievan Rus’ – Vladimir III became grand prince.

1224

1225

1226 France – Louis IX the Saint became king.

1227 Archbishop Walter de Grey added south

transept to Minster.

40 days relaxation was granted to

benefactors who contributed liberally to

this work.

1227 England – Henry III became of age and assumes

government. 1227 Rome – 18 Mar – Pope Honorius III died.

19 Mar-22 Aug 1241 – Ugolino di Conti became

Pope Gregory IX.

Poland – Leszek I the White assassinated;

Wladyslaw III Spindleshanks returns to power.

Serbia – Stefan Radoslav became king.

1228 Latin Empire - Robert de Courtenay died;

Baldwin II became emperor, aged II

1229 Sweden – Canute II exiles Erik to Denmark and

seizes throne.

Poland – Konrad I of Masovia became high duke.

Venice – Jacopo Tiepolo elected doge.

1230 Henry III and king of Scotland spent

Christmas at York. 1230 Leόn-Castile-Galicia – Ferdinand III, king of

Castile, became king of Leόn.

Bohemia – Wenceslaus I became king.

Bulgaria – became dominant power in the

Balkans.

1231 Majorca – King James I the Conqueror of Aragόn

conquerors Majorca and became king.

1232 Poland – Henry I the bearded, duke of Silesia,

became ruler.

1233 Serbia - Stefan Radoslav deposed by his brother,

Stefan Vladislave I.

1234 Sweden – Canute II died, Erik XI retuns from exile

and takes throne.

Navarre – Theobald I Posthumous, elected king.

Germany – Frederick II outlaws his son, Prince

Henry.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1235 Germany – Prince Henry is tried by Frederick II

and dethroned.

Hungary and Croatia - Andrew II died, Béla IV

became king.

Lithuania - Mindaugas is the first known grand

duke.

Kievan Rus’ – Iziaslav became grand prince.

1236

1237 25 Sept - Treaty of York signed between

Henry III and Alexander II of Scotland. 1237 England and Scotland – Treaty of York defines

the boundary betwen the two kingdoms as running

between the Solway Firth and the mouth of the

river Tweed.

1237 Germany – Conrad IV elected king.

Kievan Rus’ – Iaroslav II became grand prince.

1238 Poland – Henry II the Pious became high duke.

Russia – Iaroslav II, grand prince of Novgorod and

Kiev, became grand prince of Vladimir.

Kievan Rus’ – Mikhail II beocmes grand prince.

1239 Norway – Skule Baardson declared king by his

supporters, raises army to fight King Haakon IV.

Kievan Rus’ - Rostislav III became grand prince.

1240 Norway – Skule Baardson defeated and killed by

Haakon IV, civil war comes to an end.

Kievan Rus’ - Around this time Mongols destroy

Kiev because its princes’ refuse to submit to them.

1241 Rome – 22 Aug – Pope Gregory IX died.

25 Oct-10 Nov – Goffredo da Castiglione became

Pope Celestine IV, died before coronation.

Denmark – Erik IV became king.

Bulgaria – Kaliman Asen I became tsar, aged 7.

Poland – Henry I died fighting Monguls at Battle of

Legnica; Konrad of Masovia became high duke

(2nd

time).

1242

1243 Rome – 25 Jun-7 Dec 1254 – Sinibaldo Fieschi

became Pope Innocent IV.

Poland – Boleslaw V the Chaste became high

duke.

Serbia – Stefan UroŠ overthrows his brother to

become king.

1244


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1245 Russia – Iaroslav II is poisoned and died;

Sviatoslav III became grand prince of Vladimir.

1246 Germany – Henry Raspe elected antiking.

Bulgaria – Kaliman I died, aged 12; his brother,

Michael Asen I became tsar.

1247

1248 Leόn – Fernando II takes Seville from the Moors.

Portugal – Sancho II goes into exile; Afonso III

became king.

Russia – Mikhail Khorobrit of Moscow, seizes city

of vladimir and ousts grand prince.

1249 Scotland – Alexander III became king, aged 8.

Ireland – 15 August – Battle of Athenry. 1249 Russia – Andrei II became grand pronce of

Vladimir.

1250 Sweden – Eric IX died, Valdemar I Birgersson

takes crown, aged 12.

Denmark – Abel kills Eric IV and assumes throne.

Germany – Frederick II defeats William of Holland

but died soon after; Conrad IV became sole ruler.

Sicily – Conrad of Germany became king as

Conrad I.

1251 Henry III’s daughter and Alexander III of

Scotland, married at York Minster at

Christmas.

Alexander III, and 20 of his nobles,

knighted by Henry III.

1251 France – First Shephards’ Crusade launched to

rescue Luis IX from captivity in Egypt.

Lithuania – Grand duke Mindaugas

acknowledged as king.

1252 Leόn-Castile-Galicia – Alfonso X the wise

became king.

Denmark – King Abel kiled in battle; Christopher I

elected king.

Venice – Reniero Zeno elected doge.

Russia – Mongols eject Andrei I from Vldimir;

Alexander Nevsky became grand prince.

1253 Navarre – Theobald II became king.

Bohemia – Ottakar II became king.

Albania – Grior Kamona died, succeeded by his

son-in-law, Gulam


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1254 England – Lesser barons replaced on the King’s

Council by elected representatives from the shires

and cities.

1254 France – Louis IX expels all Jews from France.

Portugal – Afonso III holds the first session of the

Cortes.

Germany and The Holy Roman Empire – The

Great Interregnum begins.

Rome – 7 Dec – Pope Innocent IV died.

12 Dec-25 May 1261 – Rinaldo dei Conti di Jenne

became Pope Alexander IV.

Sicily – Conrad II became king, aged 2.

Albabia – Gulam died.

1255 -1258 Sewal de Bovill, Archbishop of

York.

1255

1256 Bulgaria – Tsar Michael Asen I is murdered by his

cousin, whilst hunting.

1257 Germany – Alfonso X, king of Leόn, Castile and

Galicia, elected king but not crowned.

Bulgaria – Kaliman II flees, Ivan Asen became

tsar briefly, replaced by Constantine Tikh.

1258 -1265 Godfrey de Ludham, Archbishop of

York. 1258 Engalnd – Henry III forced to accept Provisions of

Oxford, requiring the summoning of Parliament

and end of absolute monarchy in England.

Wales – Llewelyn the Last is the final ruler of an

independent Wales.

1258 Sicily – Manfred became king.

1259 England – Treaty of Paris signed by Henry III and

Louis IX of France. 1259 Denmark – Christopher I deposed by nobles loyal

to his son, who became king as Eric V.

1260 Minster’s north transept and a steeple

erected by the treasurer John le Romain.

(father of archbishop with same name)

1260

1261 Rome – 25 May – Pope Alexander died.

29 Aug-2 Oct 1264 – Jacques Pantaléon became

Pope Urban IV.

Byzantine Empire – Constantinople recaptured by

Nicaean forces, led by Michael VIII.

1262 England – Henry III obtains a papl bull from Pope

Alexander IV, releasing him from the Provisions of

Oxford.

1262 Norway – Icedland and Greenland come under

Norwegian rule.

Sicily – Pope grants kingdom of Sicily to Charles I

of Anjou.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1263 Scotland – Alexander III defeats Norwegians, led

by Haakon IV, in Battle of Largs. 1263 Norway – Haakon IV died in Orkney, Magnus VI

the Law-Mender became king.

Lithuania – Grand Duke Mindaugas and his sons

murdered by his nephew Treniota who became

ruler.

1264 England - Second Barons’ War.

Ireland – First known meeting of the Irish

legislature takes place at Castledermot in County

Kildare.

1264 Germany – War of the Thuringian Succession

ends.

Lithuania – Vaišvilkas, prince of Black Ruthenia

deposes Treniota and seizes power.

Russia – Alexander Nevsky died; Iaroslav III

became grand prince of Vladimir.

Rome – 2 Oct – Pope Urban IV died.

1265 William Langton, Archbishop of York.

(election quashed)

-1266 Bonaventura, Archbishop of York.

(resigned before confirmation)

1265 England – First elected English Parliament held in

Westminster (De Monfort’s Parliament)

Battle of Evesham of Second Barons’ War,

Edward’s army defeats and kills Simon de

Montfort.

1265 Rome – 5 Feb-29 Nov 1268 – Cardinal Gui Faucoi

le Gros became Pope Clement IV.

1266 -1279 Walter Giffard, Archbishop of York. 1266 Scotland – War with Norway ends, Magnus VI of

Norway concedes the Western Isles and Isle of

Man in exchange for large monetary payment.

1266 Sicily – Manfred killed in Battle of Benevento

against Charles of Anjou whoc became king as

Charles I.

1267 Wales – Henry III acknowledges Llewelyn ap

Gruffydd’s title of prince of Wales in Treaty of

Montgomery.

1267 Lithuania – Grand Duke Vaišvilkas became a

monk, his brother-in-law Shvarn succeeds him.

1268 France – Housed of Bourbon rises to prominence.

Rome – 29 Nov – Pope Clement IV died.

29 Nov-1 Sept 1271 – Papal Interregnum.

Roman Empire – Conradin, aged 16, captured

and beheaded by Charles of Anjou.

Venice – Lorenzo Tiepolo elected doge.

Armenia – Earthquake measuring 7.0Mw,

epicentre in Cilicia.

1269 Bohemia – King Otaker II inherits Carinthia and

part of Carniola.

Lithuania – Traidenis became grand duke.

1270 France – Luis IX died of the plague whilst

beseiging Tunis; Philippe III the Bild became king.

Hungary and Croatia – Stephen V became king.

1271 Rome – 1 Sept-10 Jan 1276 – Cardinal Tebaldo

Visconti became Pope Gregory X.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1272 England – 16 November Henry III died, aged 65.

20 November – 1307 Edward I (Longshanks)

became king.

1272 Navarre – Theobald II died in 8th Crusade, his

brother, Henry I the Fat became king.

Hungary and Croatia – Stephen V died; Ladislaus

IV became king.

Albania – Charles I of Anjou establishes a

kingdom with himself as king.

Russia – Vasily of Kostroma became grand prince

of Vladimir.

1273 Germany – Rudolph I elected king.

1274 England – Edward I rturns from 9th

Crusade to be

crowned king. 1274 Navarre – Hebry the Fat died, his daughter

Joanna became queen, aged 3.

1275 Sweden – Valdemar I deposed by his brother

Magnus III Ladulås, who became king.

Venice – Jacopo Contarini elected doge.

1276 Germany – Rudolf forces Otakar II of Bohemia to

cede to him Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola.

Rome – 10 Jan – Pope Gregory X died.

21 Jan-22 Jun – Pierre de Tarentaise became

Pope Inocent V.

11 Jul-18 Aug – Ottobuono Fieschi became Pope

Adrian V.

8 Sept-20 May 1277 – Pedro Julião became Pope

John XXI.

Aragόn – Pedro III became king.

Majorca – James II became king.

Serbia – Stefan Uroš I forced to abdicate by his

son, Stefan Dragutin who became king.

Russia – Dmitry of Pereslavl became grand prince

of Vladimir.

1277 Rome – 20 May – Pope John XXI died after roof of

palace fell on him.

25 Nov-22 Aug 1280 – Giovanni Gaetano Orsini

became Pope Nicholas III.

Bulgaria – Tsar Constatnine died.

1278 Holy Roman Empire – Rudolph I of Germany and

Ladislaus IV of Hungary defeat and kill Ottakar II of

Bohemia in Battle of Marchfield.

Bohemia – Wenceslaus II became king.

1279 1285 William Wickwane, Archbishop of

York. 1279 Portugal – Deni became king.

Poland – Leszek the Black became ruler.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1280 Norway – Erik II Magnusson became king, aged

12.

Venice – Giovanni Dandolo elected doge.

Bulgaria – George Teter became tsar as George

I.

Rome – 22 Aug – Pope Nicholas III died.

1281 Rome – 22 Feb- 28 Mar 1285 – Simon de Brion

became Pope Martin IV.

Norway – Erik II marries Princess Margaret of

Scotland.

Byzantine Empire – Michael IX Palaiologos

named as co-emperor.

Belarus – Daumantas became prince of Polotsk.

1282 Spain – Alfonso X of Castile and Leόn unseated

by his son, Sancho IV the Brave, in civil war.

Norway – Queen Margaret died giving birth.

Sicily – Sicilian Vespers begins.

Lithuania – Traidenis died; Daumantas became

grand duke.

Serbia – Stefan Dragutin became ill and gives the

throne his brother Stafan Uroš II Miklutin.

Byzantine Empire – Andronikos II Palaiologos

became emperor.

1283 England – Edward i has Dafydd sp Gruffydd

executed by drawing and quartering, the first time

this form has been used.

1283

1284 Wales – Creation of the Statute of Rhuddlan. 1284 León-Castile-Galacia – Alfonso X died, Sanch IV

the Brave became king.

Navarre – Queen Joanna marries Prince Philipe of

France.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1285 -1296 John Le Romeyn, Archbishop of

York.

1285 France – Philippe III died in Batle of Aragón;

Philippe IV the Fair became king.

Navarre - Queen Joanna I became queen of

France; King Philippe IV of France became Felipe

I of Navarre.

Rome – 28 Mar – Pope Martin IV died.

2 Apr-3 Apr 1287 – Giacomo Savelli became

Pope Honorius IV, last Pope to be married.

Aragón – Alfonso III the Liberal became king.

Naples – Charles II became king..

Sicily – James I became king, Charles II of Anjou

continues to claim kingdom.

Albania - Charles II of Anjou succeeds his father

as king.

Lithuania – Butigeidid became grand duke.

1286 Scotland – Alexander III died, his granddaughter

became queen.

First War of Scottish Independence.

1286 Denmark – Eric V assassinated; succeeded by his

son Eric VI.

1287 Spain – King Alfonso III of Aragón conquers

Minorca from Moors.

Rome – 3 Apr – Pope Honorius IV died.

1288 Rome – 22 Feb-4 Apr 1292 – Girolamo Masci

became Pope Nicholas IV.

Poland – Henryk IV Probus became high duke.

1289 Venice – Pietro Gradenigo elected doge.

Sicily – Charles II crowned king.

1290 Scotland – Queen Margaret died, aged 3. 1290 Sweden – Birger Magnusson became king.

Hungary and Croatia – Stephen V assassinated;

Andrew III became king.

Poland –Premislas II became high duke.

China – 27 Sept – Earthquake measuring 6.8Mw,

epicentre in Hopeh.

1291 Archbishop John le Romeyn laid

foundation stone for Minster’s nave.

Stone quarried from Tadcaster, granted

by Robert de Vavasour.

Wood for roof given by Robert de Percy.

Welshman Rice-ap-Meredith tried for high

treason, condemned, hanged and

quartered at York.

1291 Scotland – Scottish nobles recognise authority of

Edward I of England. 1291 Aragón and Sicily – James II became king;

resigns as king of Sicily.

Italy – Independence of San Marino confirmed by

papal bull.

Lithuania – Butvydas became grand duke.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1292 Scotland – Six years of interregnum when country

governed by Guardians of Scotland, ends when

John Balliol elected king.

1292 Rome – 4 Apr – Pope Nicholas IV died.

4 Apr-5 Jul 1294 – Papal Interrregnum.

Germany – Adolf of Nassau elected king.

Bulgaria – George I flees, replaced by two

usurpers – Smilitz and Caka.

1293 Norway – Eric II marries Isabel Bruce, sister of

Robert the Bruce.

Japan – 26 May – Earthquake measuring 7.1Mw,

epicentre in Kantō region followed by tsunami.

1294 Scotland – John Balliol negotiates the Auld

Alliance with France and Norway. 1294 Rome – 5 Jul-13 Dec – Pietro Angelerio became

Pope Celestine V – abdicated.

24 Dec-11 Oct 1303 – Benedetto Caetani became

Pope Boniface VIII.

Albania – Charles II surrenders his right to Albania

to his son Philip II.

Russia – Audrey III Alexandrovich ousts his

brother Dmitri from Vladimir and became grand

prince.

1295 England – Edward I summons the Model

Parliament. 1295 Aragón – Treaty of Anagni, James II returns the

Balearics to James II of Majorca.

León-Castile-Galicia – Ferdinand IV the

Summoned became king, aged 9 years.

Poland – Premislas II crowned king.

Lithuania – Vytenis became grand duke.

1296 -1299 Henry Newark, Archbishop of York. 1296 England and Scotland – Edward I storms

Berwick-upon-Tweed; defeats Scots at Battle of

Dunbar. King John Balliol abdicates and

imprisoned in Tower of London.

1296 Sicily – Frederick II installed as king.

Poland – King Premislas II kidnapped and

murdered, Wenceslaus II, king of Bohemia also

became High duke of Poland.

1297 Scotland – William Wallace begins his revolt

against English, defeating them at Battle of Stirling

Bridge.

1297 France – Louis IX canonized as St. Louis.

Monaco – gains independence from Genoa when

captures by François Grimaldi.

1298 Edward I summoned parliament to meet

at York. 1298 Scotland – Edward I defeats William Wallace in

Battle of Falkirk. 1298 Bulgaria – Ivan II succeeds his father Smilitz as

tsar.

1299 -1304 Thomas Corbridge, Archbishop of

York.

Edward I summoned parliament to meet

at York.

1299 Norway – Erik II died, his brother is crowned king

Haakon V.

Bulgaria – Chaka forces Ivan II and his regency to

flee, and became tsar.

1300 Poland – High Duke Wencelaus I crowned king.

Bulgaria – Teodor Svetoslav deposes Chaka and

became tsar; Chaka strangled and beheaded in

prison.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1301 Wales – Edward of Caernarvon became first

prince of Wales.

Scotland – Robert I makes peace with Edward I

of England.

1301 Monaco - The Genoese regain control; the

Grimaldis go into exile.

Hungary and Croatia – Andrew III died,

Wencelaus of Bohemia became king.

1302 Italy – War of Sicilian Vespers ends.

1303 Rome – 11 Oct – Pope Boniface VIII died.

22 Oct-7 July 1304 – Niccolò Boccasini became

Pope Benedict XI.

Crete – 8 Aug – Earthquake measuring 8.0Mw,

followed by tsunami which hit Crete, Rhodes,

Alexandria & Acre in Palestine.

1304 -1315 William Greenfield, Archbishop of

York. 1304 England – Edward I takes Stirling Castle, last

stronghold in war of Scottish Independence. 1304 Rome – 7 Jul – Pope Benedict XI died.

Russia – Michael of Tver became grand prince of

Vladimir.

1305 Navarre - Joanna died; Louis I became king.

Rome/Avignon – 5 Jun-20 Apr 1314 – Raymond

Bertrand de Got, archbishop of Bordeaux became

Pope Clement V.

Poland – Wenceslaus III king of Bohemia and

Hungary also became king of Poland.

1306 -1318 Court of Exchequer at least twice

held at York. 1306 England – Court of Exchequer removed from

London.

Scotland – Robert the Bruce became king, begins

fight for Scottish Independence from English rule.

Earl of Pembroke defeats Scots at Battle of

Bethven.

1306 Austria – Rudolf III declares himself king.

Hungary – Wenceslaus III gives up throne to Otto,

duke of Lower Bavaria.

Poland – Wenceslaus III assassinated; Wladyslaw

I the Short became high duke of Poland.

1307 England – 7 July Edward I died, aged 68.

7 July – 1327 Edward II became king. 1307

1308 Rome – Papal court moves to Avignon, the Great

Scism begins.

Hungary and Croatia – Otto abdicates; Charles I

became king.

Germany – Albrecht I murdered by his nephew

Johann Parricida; Henry Vii became king.

1309 Monaco – Rainer I became first sovereign ruler.

Rome – Pope Clement V settle papal seat in

Avignon.

Sicily – Robert the Wise became king.

Hungary and Craotia – Robert of Anjou became

king as Charles I, also king of Naples and Sicily.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1310 Venice – Rebellion against the doge and Grand

Council.

Bohemia - John the Blind elected king.

Wallachia – Basarab I became ruler.

1311 Edward II spent Christmas at York, had

city walls fortified.

Piers Gaveston, who had been banished

to France by Edward I, joined Edward II at

York.

1311 Majorca – Sancho I became king.

Venice – Marino Zorzi became doge.

1312 León-Castile – Alfonso XI the \Just became king.

Venice – Giovanni Soranzo elected doge.

Holy Roman Empire – Henry VII crowned

emperor.

1313 Germany – Henry Vii died.

1314 Scotland – Robert the Bruce defeats English at at

Battle of Bannockburn, regaining Independence. 1314 France – Louis X the Quarreller became king.

Germany – Ludwig IV elected king.

Rome/Avignon – 20 Apr – Pope Clement V died.

20 Apr-7 Aug 1316 – Papal Interregnum.

1315 1315 Belarus – Vainus became prince of Polotsk.

1316 -1340 William Melton, Archbishop of York. 1316 Ireland – Second Battle of Athenry – over 5000

dead. 1316 France – Louis X died of dehydration or poisoning;

newborn John I the Posthumous became king,

died after 5 days; Philippe V the Tall succeeds

him.

Navarre – Philippe V of France became Felipe II

of Navarre.

Rome/Avignon – 7 Aug-4 Dec 1334 – Jacques

Duèz became Pope John XXII.

Lithuania – Vytenis died; Gediminas became

grand duke.

1317

1318 Scotland – Scots capture Berwick-upon-Tweed

from English. 1318 Russia – Grand Prince Michael of Vladimir

executed by the Mongol Khan; Yuri of Moscow

became grand prince.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1319 Edward II visited York to raise an army to

proceed against Scotland.

Court of Exchequer, King’s Bench,

Doomsday Book and other records

removed to York for 6 months.

Archbishop of York formed army of

priests, monks, labourers, artisans,

shopkeepers, &c., numbering 10,000

Nicholas Flemming, Mayor of York for 7th

time, killed at Myton.

The Mayor was interred at St. Wilfred’s

church, York, a chantry was also founded

at this church for him.

1319 England - Edward II besieged Berwick.

Scots crossed into England and made their way

down to York.

Archbishop of York with army pursued Scots.

12 October – Battle of Myton, near

Boroughbridge, also known as “The White Battle”,

where 3000 of the archbishops army were killed.

1319 Norway and Sweden – Haakon V of Norway died,

succeeded by his grandson, the Swedish Prince

Magnus; the two countries are reunited.

1320 -1330 Minster’s west end built by

Archbishop William de Melton.

Forty days relaxation was granted to

benefactors.

1320 Scotland – Scots reaffirm their Independence by

signing Declaration of Arbroath 1320 Denmark – Christopher II became king.

Poland – High Duke Wladyslaw I the short

crowned king.

Byzantine Empire – Co-emperor Michael IX

Palaiologos died.

1321 Trial of Thomas earl of Lancaster and his

revolting barons before Edward II in York.

Found guilty, barons hung and quartered

in York, Thomas beheaded at his castle

at Pontefract.

1321 England - Thomas, earl of Lancaster beheaded at

his castle at Pontefract. 1321 Serbia – Stefan Uroš II Milutin died; Stefan Uroš III

Dečanski became king.

1322 Parliament held in York.

Spencer family restored to royal favour.

Robert Baldock made lord chancellor.

Edward’s eldest son created Prince of

Wales and Duke of Aquitain.

1322 England – Edward’s forces routed by Robert, the

Scotch king, at Byland Abbey, Edward escaped to

York.

1322 France – Philippe V died; Charles IV the Fair

became king.

Germany – Ludwig of Bavaria defeats Frederick

the Fair at Battle of Műhldorf and became king

Ludwig IV.

Bulgaria – George Terter became tsar.

Russia – Grand Prince Yuri of Vladimir killed by

Dmitri the Terrible Eyes, who became grand

prince.

1323 Bulgaria – George II died; Michael Šišman

became king.

Denmark – Christopher II overthrown by nobles

sent into exile; Duke Valdemar of South Jutland

became puppet king.

1324 Majorca – Sancho I died, wills throne to his

nephew James III.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1325 Portugal – King Dinis died Alfonso IV became

king.

1326 England – Isabella, Edward II’s wife, invades

England with her lover, Roger Mortimer, captures

Edward II.

1326 Russia – Grand Prince Dmitri the Terrible Eyes

executed; Alexander succeeds him.

1327 Edward III in York with army, in

preparation to fight Scots. Joined by John

Lord Beaumont, of Hainault, and his army

of 2000.

Massacre of 300 English archers by

Hainaulters, 80 interred at St. Clement’s

church, Fossgate.

1327 England – 25 January Edward II abdicated.

25 January – 1377 Edward III became king.

21 September Edward II murdered, aged 43.

1327 Aragón – Alfonso IV the Kind became king.

1328 24 January – Edward III marries Philippa,

niece of John Lord Beaumont, in

cathedral. Celebration lasted 3 weeks.

Drunken Hainaulters assaulted women of

suburbs. Contest between English and

Hainaulters, many on each side died.

Fire started in suburbs.

1328 France – Charles IV died; Philippe VI the

Fortunate became king.

Navarre – Joanna II became queen.

Holy Roman Empire – Ludwig IV became

emperor.

Russia – Grand Prince Alexander flees, Ivan

Kalita of Moscow became Grand Prince Ivan I.

1329 Scotland – England recognizes Scotland as an

independent nation.

King Robert the Bruce died; his son David II

became king, aged 5.

1329 Navarre – Queen Joanna II marries Philippe of

Évreux who became King Filipe III of Navarre.

Denmark – Christopher II restored to throne.

Venice – Francesco Dandolo elected doge.

1330 Bulgaria – The Bulgars are beaten by the Serbs in

Battle of Velbuzhd. Michael III Šišman killed; Ivan

Stephen became tsar.

Wallachia – Prince Basarab I defeats Charles I of

Anjou at Battle of Posada, gaining independence.

1331 Monaco – Charles I Grimaldi retakes Rock of

Monaco.

Serbia – Stefan Uroš III imprisoned and strangled

by his son Dušan, who became Stefan Uroš

IVDušan.

Bulgaria – Ivan Alexander became tsar.

1332 Edward III summoned a parliament to

assemble at York. 1332 England – First record of division of English

Parliament into 2 houses.

Scotland – Edward Balliol crowned king.

1332 Albania – Robert of Taranto succeeds Philip II.

1333 Scotland – Edward III of England and Edward

Balliol defeat Scots at Halidon Hill. 1333 Poland – Casimir III the Great became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1334 Edward III spent Christmas at York. 1334 Rome/Avignon – 4 Dec – Pope John XXII died.

20 Dec-25Apr 1342 – Cardinal Jacques Fournier

became Pope Benedict XII

1335 Parliament held at York. 1335

1336 Aragón – Pedro IV became king.

Albania – Charles became duke of Durazzo.

1337 England – Edward III claims French throne;

Hundred Years’ War begins 1337 France - Edward III of England claims French

throne.

Sweden and Norway – Magnus IV crowned joint

ruler in Stockholm.

Sicily – Peter II became king.

1338

1339 Venice – Bartolomeo Gradenigo elected doge.

1340 -1352 William Zouche, Archbishop of

York. 1340 England – Edward III declared king of France. 1340 France – Edward III of England declared king.

Denmark – Valdemar III became king.

1341 Scotland – David II returns from France. 1341 Lithuania – Jaunutis became grand duke.

Byzantine Empire – John V Palaiologos became

emperor under the regency of his mother.

1342 Rome/Avignon – 25 Apr – Pope Benedict XII

died.

7 May-6 Dec 1352 – Cardinal Pierre Roger

became Pope Clement VI.

Sicily – Louis the Child became king aged 5, his

mother and uncle act as regents.

Hungary and Croatia – Louis I the Great became

king.

Balarus – Wigund became prince of Polotsk.

Russia – Simeon of Moscow became grand prince

of Valdimir.

1343 Navarre – Charles II the Bad became king.

Norway – Haakon VI takes the throne, aged 3, his

father acting as Regent.

Venice – Andrea Dandolo elected doge.

Sicily – Robert the Wise died, Joan I became

queen.

1344 Aragón – Pedro IV captures Majorca from James

III.

1345 Lithuania – Juanutis is overthrown by his

brothers, Algirdas became grand duke.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1346 Queen Philippa staying in York, collected

forces, appointed Archbishop William de

la Zouch second in command. Marched

against Scots.

Scottish king David Bruce brought captive

to York, before taken to London by

Philippa

1346 England & Scotland – 17 Oct – David II taken

prisoner by English at Battle of Neville’s Cross 1346 France – English defeat Philippe VI at Battle of

Crécy.

Germany – Charles IV elected king.

Bohemia – John the Blind killed at Battle of Crécy;

Charles IV became king.

Serbia – Dušan the Mighty crowned emperor and

Autocrat of Serbs and Greeks.

1347 England – English defeat French at Battle of

Croytoye. 1347 Bohemia – Charles IV of Germany became king.

Byzantine Empire – John VI Kantakouzenas wins

civil war, became senior emperor.

Germany – Ludwig IV died.

1348 -1349 Bubonic Plague in York. 1348 England – Truce signed with France. 1348 France – Truce signed with England.

Spain – Pedro IV of Aragón defeats his nobles at

Epila.

Albania – Joanna became duchess of Durazzo.

Italy – 25 Jan – Earthquake measuring 6.9Mw,

epicentre in Fruili, Venice & Rome.

1349 Majorca – James Iii driven out and killed at Battle

of Llucmajor by Pedro IV’s forces; Majorca

became part of Aragón. James IV became

pretender to the throne.

Germany – Charles IV elected king again.

1350 England – English fleet commanded by Edward III

defeats Spanish Fleet at Batle of Les Espagnols

sur Mer.

1350 Spain – Spanish fleet defeated by English fleet

commanded by Edward III at Batle of Les

Espagnols sur Mer.

France – John II the Good became king.

León-Castile-Galicia – Alfonso XI died; Pedro the

Cruel became king.

1351

1352 -1373 John Thoresby, Archbishop of

York. 1352 Monaco – Charles I introduces co-rulership with

his sons Rainier II and Gabriel, and his uncle

Antonio.

Rome/Avignon – 6 Dec – Pope Clement VI died.

18 Dec- 12 Sept 1362 – Cardinal Étienne Aubert

became Pope Inocent VI.

Wallachia – Nicolae Alexandru became prince.

1353 Byzantine Empire – Matthew Kantakouzenos

became co-emperor.

Russia – Ivan II the Fair became grand prince of

Vladimir.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1354 Venice – Marino Faliero elected doge.

Byznatine Empire – John V Paliaologos became

emperor again.

1355 Portugal – Civil War starts

Norway – Haakon VI became king.

Venice – Doge Marino Faliero found guilty of

treason, beheaded; Giovanni Gradenigo elected

doge.

Italy – Charles IV crowned king.

Sicily – King Louis died of plague, aged 17;

Frederick III became king.

Holy Roman Empire – Charles IV crowned

emperor.

Serbia – Tsar Dušan died.

1356 England – Black Prince defeats French at Poiters.

Scotland – Edward Balliol surrenders claim to of

Scottish throne to Edward III of England.

1356 France – John II captured byBlack Prince of

England at Poitiers.

Sweden – Erik XII became joint ruler.

Serbia – Stefan Dušan proclaimed Tsar of all

Serbs, Arbanasses and Greeks.

Bulgaria – Ivan Alexander crowns Ivan Šišman

co-tsar.

Switzerland – 18 Oct – Earthquake measuring

6.2Mw, epicentre in Masel.

1357 Scotland – King David II ransomed for 100,000

marks. 1357 Monaco – Charles I died, Monaco captured by

Genoese.

Portugal – Pedro I became king.

1358

1359 Russia – Dmitry of Suzdal became grand prince of

Vladimir.

1360 France – John II allowed to return from captivity in

England to raise his ransom money.

Sweden – Erik XII became joint ruler with his

father, Magnus IV.

1361 Bubonic Plague in York. 1361 Venice – Lorenzo Celsi elected doge.

Japan – 3 Aug – Earthquake measuring 8.4Mw,

epicentre in Nankaido, followed by tsunami.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1362 Norway – Haakon VI elected king of Sweden.

Hungary and Croatia – Louis I conquers northern

Bulgaria.

Rome/Avignon – 12 Sept – Pope Innocent VI

died.

28 Sept- 19 Dec 1370 – Guillaume Grimoard

became Pope Urban V.

Sweden – Haakon VI of Norway became joint ruler

with Magnus IV.

Zeta – Durad I became ruler.

Byzantine Empire – reduced to the city of

Constantinople.

1363 Sweden – Albrecht von Mecklenberg invited to be

king by rebel members of Swedish Council of

Aristocracy.

Russia – Grand Prince Dmitry of Suzdal deposed;

Dmitry Donskoi replaces him.

1364 France – Charles V the wise became king.

Navarre – Charles II defeated in battle, loses his

French territories and claim to duchy of Burgandy.

Sweden – Albrecht von Mecklenberg invades and

crowned king.

Wallachia – Vladislav I became prince.

1365 Sweden – King Magnus taken prisoner by King

Albrecht’s forces.

Venice – Marco Cornaro elected doge.

1366 Spain – Pedro I unseated from throne of Castile

by Henry of Tratámara.

1367 France – Charles V creates first royal library.

Spain – Pedro the Cruel of Castile restored to

throne.

Portugal – Pedro I died, Henry of Trastámara

claims crown but Pope Gregory gives throne to

Ferdinand I.

Venice – Andrea Contarini elected doge.

Albania – Karlo Thopia captures Durazzo and

became prince.

1368

1369 Bubonic Plague in York. 1369 England – War breaks out with France. 1369 France – French recapture most of Aquitaine.

León-Castile-Galicia – Henry II the Bastard kills

Pedro the Cruel, seizes throne.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1370 Rome/Avignon – 19 Dec – Pope Urban V died.

30 Dec-26 Mar 1378 – Pierre Roger de Beaufort

became Pope Gregory XI.

Poland – Casimer the Great died; Louis I the

Great of Hungary abd Croatia elected king.

1371 Scotland – King David died; Robert II became

king. 1371 Norway – A peace agreement allows Magnus to

return; Albrecht confirmed king.

Bulgaria – Ivan Šišman became co-tsar with his

brother Ivan Stratsimir.

1372

1373 -1388 Alexander Neville, Archbishop of

York. 1373

1374

1375 Bubonic Plague in York. 1375 Majorca – Pretender James IV died, his claim

passes to his sister Isabella, known as Elizabeth I.

Denmark – Oluf II became king, aged 5; his

mother Queen Margaret is regent.

1376 England – The God Parliament held.

The Black Prince died. 1376 Germany – Wenceslaus the Drunkard elected

king.

Bosnia and Serbia – Stephen Tvrtko crowned

king.

Byzantine Empire – Andronikos IV Palaiologos

deposes his father John V to become emperor.

1377 England – 21 June Edward III died, aged 64.

21 June – 1399 Richard II became king. 1377 Sicily – Mary became queen.

Lithuania – Jogaila became grand duke.

Wallachia – Radu I became prince.

1378 Bubonic Plague in York. 1378 Rome – Western Schism.

26 Mar – Gregory XI died.

8 Apr-15 Oct 1389 – Archbishop Bartolomeo

Prignano became Pope Urban VI. French

cardinals elect antiPope Robert of Geneva as

Clement VII.

Bohemia – Wenceslaus IV the Drunkard of

Germany became king.

1379 31 March – Edward Hewison executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1379 Léon-Castile-Galicia – Andronikos IV deposed,

allowed to retain title co-emperor; John V

Palaiologos returns as senior emperor.

1380 France – Charles VI became king.

1381 Naples – Charles III became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1382 England – 21 May – Earthquake measuring

5.8Mw, epicentre in Canterbury. 1382 Venice – Michele Morosini elected doge.

Hungary and Croatia – Mary became queen aged

10.

Albania – Balsh II became ruler.

Poland – Jadwiga became queen.

1383 Portugal – Ferdinand I died, his daughter Beatrice

claims throne.

Wallachia – Dan I became prince.

1384

1385 Richard II stayed at York.

Duel between Sir John Hooland,

Richard’s brother, and Lord Ralph

Stafford, near Bishopthorpe. The latter

was slain.

1385 Portugal – JoãoI elected king.

Hungary and Croatia – Queen Mary deposed by

Charles III of Naples but restored after several

months.

Albania – Karlo Thopia returns to power as prince.

Albania is conquered by Ottamans.

Zeta – Durad II Stracimirović became ruler.

1386 Switzerland – Swiss win Battle of Sempach.

Naples – Charles III assassinated; Ladislaus

became king.

Lithuania and Poland – Grand Duke Jogaila of

Lithuania marries Queen Jadwiga of Poland and

became king Wladyslaw II Jagiello of Poland.

Wallachia – Prince Dan I died in battle;Mircea I

the Great became prince.

1387 Aragón – John I became king.

Navarre – Charles II died when burnt alive during

medical treatment; Charles III the Noble became

king.

Denmark and Norway – Oluf of Norway died; his

mother Margaret I elected regent.

Hungary and Croatia – Queen Elizabeth

strangled. Mary and Sigismund rule jointly.

Albania – Gjergj Thopia became prince.

Belarus – Skirgaila became prince of Polotsk.

1388 -1396 Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of

York. 1388 Bulgaria – Tsar Ivan Stratsimir forced to accept

Ottoman overlordship after invasion.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1389 Richard II in York to settle disagreement

between the clergy and the mayor and

commonality of the city.

King gave his sword to mayor William de

Selby, to be borne before him and his

successors in office.

From this time chief magistrate given title

of lord mayor.

1389 England – Truce signed in Hundred Years’ War

with France. 1389 France – Truce signed in Hundred Years’ War

with England.

Rome – 15 Oct – Pope Urban VI died.

2 Nov-1 Oct 1404 – Pietro Tomacelli became

Pope Boniface IX of Western Schism; Clement VII

remains antiPope in Avignon.

Sweden – Queen Margaret of Norway became

Queen of Sweden, after Battle of Åsle; declares

Eric of Pomerania king of Norway, aged 7.

Ruissia – Vasli I became grand prince of Vladimir-

Moscow.

1390 -1391 Bubonic Plague in York. 1390 Scotland – John became king as Robert III. 1390 León-Castile-Galicia – John I died during

equestrian performance; Henry III the Infirm

became king.

Byzantine Empire – John VII Palaiologos became

emperor, but John V Palaiologos restored.

1391 Bosnia and Serbia – Stephen Dabiša became

king.

Byzantine Empire – John V Palaiologos died;

Manuel II Palaiologos became emperor.

1392 Richard II brought king’s bench and

chancery to York.

Richard II presented the first mace to the

city, to be carried before the lord mayor,

and a cap of maintenance for the sword-

bearer.

1392 Scotland – Earl of Orkney takes control of

Shetland Islands and Faroe Islands. 1392 France – Charles VI became insane; Philipe the

Bold became regent.

Lithuania – Vytautas the Great became grand

duke.

1393 Bulgaria – Kinh=g Ivan Šišman died in battle

against Turks.

1394 Rome – AntiPope Clement VII died; Cardinal

Pedro de Luna elected as Benedict XIII.

1395 Aragón and Sicily – Martin became king he

marries Queen Mary of Sicily, they rule jointly.

Hungary and Croatia – Queen Mary died,

Sigmund became sole ruler.

Bosnia and Serbia – Helena became queen on

behalf of Stephen Ostoja.

1396 -1398 Robert Waldy, Archbishop of York.

c. Richard II abolished the office of

bailiffs, and appointed two sheriffs.

1396 Aragón – John I died, his brother Martin I

succeeds him.

1397 Bulgaria – Tsar Ivan Stratsimir taken prisoner; his

son Constantine II became tsar.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1398 -1405 Richard le Scrope, Archbishop of

York.

1398 Bosnai and Serbia – Stephen Ostoja became

king.

1399 England – 30 September – 1413 Henry IV

(Bolingbroke) became king. 1399 Poland – Queen Jadwiga died in childbirth;

Wladyslaw II Jagiello became sole ruler.

1400 England – 14 February Richard II died in

Pontefract Castle, aged 33.

Wales – Owen Glendower declares himself prince

of Wales, starts a rebellion.

1400 Germany and Holy roman Empire – Wenceslaus

deposed; Ruprecht, elector of Palatinate, became

king of Germany.

1401 Sicily – Queen Mary died; Martin I became sole

ruler.

1402 Wales – Henry IV fights Owen Glendower. 1402

1403 Enland – Henry IV defeats Harry ‘Hotspur’ Percy

at Battle of Shrewsbury. 1403 Zeta – Durad II Stracimirović died from injuries

during Battle of Gračanica, aged 16’Balša III

became ruler.

1404 1404 Rome – 1 Oct – Pope Boniface IX died.

17 Oct-6 Nov 1406 – Cardinal Cosimo de’

Migliorati became Pope Innocent VII (Western

Schism).

Bosnia and Serbia – Stephen Tvrtko II deposes

Stephen Ostoja to become king.

1405 8 June – Archbishop Richard le Scrope,

beheaded for high treason, interred in

Cathedral.

York’s privileges removed by order of

Henry IV, following actions by archbishop,

soon reinstated.

-1406 Thomas Langley, Archbishop of

York. (election quashed)

1405 Wales – French troops arrive to support Owen

Glendower against Henry IV. 1405

1406 -1407 Robert Hallum, Archbishop of York. 1406 Wales – Henry, prince of Wales, defeats Owen

Glendower 1406 León-Castile-Galicia – John II became king.

Majorca – Elizabeth I died.

Rome – 6 Nov – Pope Innocent VII died.

30 Nov-4 July 1415 – Angelo Correr became

Pope Gregory XII (Western Schism).

1407 -1423 Henry Bowet, Archbishop of York. 1407

1408 Bosnia and Serbia – Stephen Ostoja regains

Bosnian throne.

1409 Rome – Council of Pisa deposes both Popes,

electing Peter Phillarges, antiPope, as Alexander

V.

Sicily – Martin II became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1410 Rome – AntiPope Alexander V died; John XXII

elected antiPope.

Germany – Ruprecht died; Sigismund of Hungary

finally elected king.

Poland – Ladislaus II beats Teutonic Knights at

Battle of Tannenberg.

Aragón and Sicily – King Martin died.

1411 Holy Roman Empire – Sigismund of Hungary

elected Holy Roman Emeperor.

1412 Henry and his queen visited York on a

pilgrimage to the shrine of St. John of

Beverley.

1412 Aragón, Valencia, Majorca, Sardinia, Corsica

and Sicily – John of Castile became king.

1413 England – 20 March Henry IV died, aged 45 or

46.

20 March – 1422 Henry V became king.

1413 Venice – Tommaso Mocenigo elected doge.

1414 England – Henry V adopts claims of Edward II to

the French crown. 1414 Naples – King Ladislaus died; his sister Joan II

succeeds him.

1415 England – Henry V defeats Charles VI at

Agincourt. 1415 France – Charles VI defeated by Henry V at

Agincourt.

Rome – 4 Jul – Deposed Pope Gregory XII

abdicated.

4Jul-11 Nov 1417 – Papal Interregnum.

1416 Wales – Owen Glendower died. 1416 Aragón, Valencia, Majorca, Sardinia, Corsica

and Sicily – Alfonso V became king.

1417 Rome – The Great Schism ends,

11 Nov-20 Feb 1431 – Cardinal Oddone Colonna

became Pope Martin V.

1418 Bosnia and Serbia – Ostojic became king.

Wallachia – Mihail I became prince.

1419 Monaco – Amboise of Menton recaptures Monaco

from the Genoese, sharing power with Antonie of

Roquebrune and Jean I.

Bohemia – King Wenceslaus died of a heart

attack; Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor and king

of Hungary, succeeds him.

1420 England – Treaty of Troyes acknowledges Henry

V as heir to French throne. 1420 Wallachia – Dan II became prince.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1421 Bosnia and Serbia – Stephen Tvrtko II returns to

Bosnian throne.

Zeta – Balša III died; Stefan Lazarević became

despot.

Wallachia – Dan II deposed by Radu II, but

regains the throne.

1422 England – 31 August Henry V died, aged 35.

31 August – 1461 Henry VI became king. (first

reign)

1422 France – Charles VI died; Charles VII became

king, with support of Joan of Arc.

Bulgaria – Constantine II died.

1423 -1424 Philip Morgan, Archbishop of York.

(Election quashed) 1423 Scotland – James I returns from imprisonment in

England. 1423 Venice – Francesco Foscari elected doge.

Wallachia – Radu II deposes Dan II, second time,

Dan II regains throne.

1424 -1425 Richard Flemyng, Archbishop of

York.(Resigned before confirmation)

1424 Wallachia – Radu II deposes Dan II, third time.

1425 -1452 John Kempe, Archbishop of York. 1425 Navarre – Charles III died; his daughter Blanche I

became queen, ruling with her husband John II.

Russia – Vasili II became grand prince of

Vladimir-Moscow, aged 10, his mother acts as

regent.

Byzantine Empire – John VIII Palaiologos

became emperor.

1426 Wallachia – Dan II returns to throne.

1427 Monaco – Jean I became sole ruler.

Zeta – Despot Stefan Lazarević died; his nephew,

Durad Brankovic succeeds him.

Wallachia – Dan II deposed by Radu II again, but

regains the throne.

1428 France – Joan of Arc leads French against

England.

Spain – 2 Feb – Earthquake measuring 7.0-

9.0Mw.

1429 France – Joan of Arc raises Sige of Orléans,

defeats English at Battle of Patay.

Charles VII finally crowned king.

1430 France – Joan of Arc taken prisoner.

Lithuania – Švitrigaila became grand duke.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1431 France – Joan of Arc burnt at stake by English,

aged 19.

Henry VI of England crowned king of France in

Paris.

Rome – 20 Feb – Pope Martin V died.

3 Mar-23 Feb 1447 – Cardinal Gabriele

Condulmer became Pope Eugene IV.

1432 Wallachia – Dan II died in battle; Alexandru I

Aldea became prince.

1433 Portugal – João I died of plague; his son Duarte

became king.

Holy Roman Empire – Sigismund. King of

Germany, Bohemia and Hungary became Holy

Roman Emperor.

Russia – Yuri of Zvenigorod claims Vladimir-

Moscow throne.

1434 Italy – Cosimo de Medici became ruler of

Florence.

Russia – Yuri died, his son Vasili the Cross-eyed

takes the throne of Vladimir-Moscow.

1435 Naples – Queen Joan II died; René became king.

Russia – Vasili the Cross-eyed ousted by Grand

Prince Vasili the Blind.

1436 Wallachia – Alexandru I died; Vlad Dracul

succeeds him.

1437 Scotland – James I assassinated by Sir Robert

Graham etc; James II became king, aged 7. 1437 Hungary,Croatia and Bohemia – Sigismund

does; Albrecht I of Habsburg became king of

Hungary and Bohemia.

1438 Germany – Albrecht, king of Bohemia and

Hungary became king Albrecht II of Germany.

Denmark – Eric VII deposed.

1439 Portugal – Queen Leanor replaced as regent by

Pedro, duke of Coimbra.

Germany – Albrecht II died.

Hungary – Wladyslaw III Jagiellon of Poland

chosen as king.

Zeta – The capital Smederevno captured by

Ottoman Turks; Despot Durad Branković flees to

Hungary.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1440 Germany – Frederick IV elected king.

Denmark – Christopher III chsen as king.

Lithuania – Casimer IV Jagiellon became grand

duke, aged 13.

1441 Navarre – Queen Blanche died, her husband,

John II remains king.

Sweden – Christopher, king of Denmark, became

king.

1442 Norway – Christopher, king of Denmark and

Sweden, became king.

Naples – Alfonso V of Aragón deposes King René.

Wallachia – Whilst Vlad II Dracul is at the

Ottaman court, his son, Mircea II, rules in his

place.

1443 Bohemia – Ladislaus V became king.

Bosnia and Serbia – Stephen Thomas Ostojich

became king.

1444 Hungary – The Ottamans conquer Hungary at the

Black Sea.

Poland, Hungary and Croatia – Wladyskaw II,

king of Poland and Hungary killed at Battle of

Varna. Ladislaus V, king of Bohemia, became

king of Hungary and Croatia.

Albania – Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg became

prince.

Zeta – Durad Branković restored as despot.

1445

1446 Hungary and Croatia – János Hunyadi became

regent on behalf of Ladislaus V.

Russia – Dmitri Shemyaka seizes Moscow.

1447 Rome – 23 Feb – POpe Eugene IV died.

6 Mar-24 Mar 1455 – Cardinal Tommaso

Paretucelli became Pope Nicholas V.

Poland and Lithuania – Grand Duke Casimir IV

Jagiellon became king.

Wallachia – Mircea II and Vlad Dracul killed; Vlad

III Tepes put on throne, replaced by Vladislav II.

1448 Sweden – King Christopher died; Charles VIII

elected king.

Denmark – Christian I became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1449 Portugal – Afonso V declares his former regent,

duke of Coimbra a rebel, who is killed at Battle of

Alfarrobeira.

Norway – Karl VIII of Sweden elected Karl I of

Norway.

Byzantine Empire – Constantine XI became

emperor.

1450 Norway – Karl I forced to cede Norway to

Christian I of Denmark.

1451 Zeta – Stefan I Crnojević became ruler.

1452 -1464 William Booth, Archbishop of York. 1452 Holy Roman Empire – German King Frederick IV

became Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III.

1453 England – Henry VI became insane, Richard

Duke of York became regent. 1453 France – The Hundred Years’ War ends.

English expelled fro France, retain Calais.

Byzantine Empire – Constantine XI died firghting

Ottamans; Constantinople falls, Byzantine Empire

comes to an end.

1454 Monaco – Catalan became lord.

Léon-Castile-Galicia – Henry IV the Impotent

became king.

1455 -1485 War of the Roses, between the Houses of

York and Lancaster. 1455 Rome – 24 Mar – Pope Nicholas V died.

8 Apr-6 Aug 1458 – Cardinal Alfonso de Borgia

became Pope Calixtus III (First Spanish Pope).

1456 Hungary and Croatia – Hungarians storm

Belgrade driving out Turks.

Wallachia – Vlad III the Impaler invades and

seizes power.

1457 Monaco – Claudine became joint ruler with

Pomelline Fregoso.

Sweden – Charles VIII deposed by Christian I.

Venice – Doge Francesco Foscari forced to

withdraw; Pasquale Malipiero elected doge.

Aragón, Navarre – Valencia, Majorca, Sardinia,

Corsica and Sicily – John II became king.

Bohemia – Ladislaus V died.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1458 Aragón, Navarre and Sicily – John became king.

Rome – 6 Aug – Pope Callixtus III died.

19 Aug-15 Aug 1464 – Bishop Enea Silvio

Piccolomini became Pope Pius II.

Naples – Fersinand I became king.

Hungary and Croatia – Matthias Corvinus the

Great elected king.

Bohemia – George of Podĕbrady became king

George I.

1459 Serbia – Is taken by the Ottoman Turks.

1460 England – Earl of Warwick and Earl of March

seize London.

Battle of Northampton.

Scotland – James II accidently killed during siege

of Roxburgh Castle.

James III became king .

1460

1461 Henry VI and his queen at York, fled to

Scotland, after hearing defeat at Towton.

Edward entered York.

1461 England - 4 March –1470 Edward IV became

king. (first reign)

29 March Battle of Towton, War of Roses.

1461 France – Louis XI the Prudent became king.

Bosnia and Serbia – Stephen Tomaševoc

became king.

1462 Venice – Cristoforo Moro elected doge.

Wallachia – Vlad III the Impaler ousted by

Ottomans, they place his brother Radu cel Frumos

on the throne.

Russia – Ivan III the Great became grande prince

of Vladimir-Moscow, declares himselfGrand Duke

of all Russia.

1463 Bosnia and Serbia – King Stephen Tomašević

executed by Mehmet II of Turkey who seizes

control.

1464 Edward IV at York.

10 June Edward IV gives grant to York

for their sufferings during the wars.

Relinquished usual demands and

assigned for the next 12 years, an annual

rent of £40, from customs in Hull.

1464 England – 15 May Battle of Hexham, War of

Roses. 1464 Rome – 15 Aug – Pope Pius II died.

30 Aug-26 Jul 1471 – Cardinal Pietro Barbo

became Pope Paul II.

Sweden – Christian I deposed; Charles VIII

restored to throne.

Zete/Montenergro – Ivan Crnojević the Black

became ruler.

1465 4 May (according to W. Hargrove)

Coronation of Edward IV at York.

-1476 George Nevill, Archbishop of York.

1465 England – Henry VI imprisoned by Edward IV.

1465 Sweden – Charles VIII deposed and exiled.

Byzantine Empire – Andrew Palaiologos sells his

titles to King Ferdinand II of Aragón and Queen

Isabella of Castile.



1467 Sweden – Charles VIII restored to throne.

1468 Sicily – Ferdinand II of Aragón became king.

1469 Bohemia – Matthias Corvinus king of Hungary

declared king, but not crowned.

1470 England – 2 October – 1471 Henry VI became

king. (second reign) 1470 Sweden – Charles VIII died; Sten Sture the elder

became regent.

1471 England – 11 April – 1483 Edward IV became

king. (second reign)

14 April Battle of Barnet, War of Roses.

21 May Henry VI murdered, aged 49.

1471 Venice – Nocolo Tron elected doge.

Rome – 26 July – Pope Paull II died.

9 Aug-12 Aug 1484 – Cardinal Francesco della

Rovere became Pope Sixtus IV.

Bohemia – King George died; Ladislaus Jagiellon

became king.

1472

1473 Venice – Nicolo Marcello elected doge.

Wallachia – Basarab Laiotă the Elder elected

prince, but Radu cel Frumos returns to throne.

1474 France – Louis XI declares war on Charles the

bold, duke of Burgundy.

León-Catsile-Galicia – Henry IV died.

Venice – Pietro Mocenigo elected doge.

Wallachia – Basarab Laiotă the Elder regains

throne but Radu cel Frumos returns to throne

again.

1475 England – Edward IV invades France.

Peace of Piquigny agreed between England and

France.

1475 France – Edward IV of England invades.

Peace of Piquigny agreed between England and

France.

Wallachia – Basarab Laiotă the Elder regains

throne.

1476 -1480 Lawrence Booth, Archbishop of

York.

1476 Venice – Andrea Vendramin elected doge.

Wallachia – Vlad II the Impaler returns to throne

briefly but Basarab Laiotă the Elder regains throne

again.

1477 France – Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy,

defeated and killed by Swiss.

Portugal – Afonso V retires to a monastery; João

II succeeds him.

Wallachia – Basarab Tepe;us the Younger seizes

power.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1478 Venice – Giovanni Mocenigo elected doge.

Hungary and Croatia – gain Moravia and Silesia.

Albania – Captured by the Turks.

1479 Spain – United, except Navare, under Ferdinand II

and Isabella.

Navarre – 28 Jan-12 Feb – Eleanor crowned

queen.

Francis Phoebus became king, aged 10, his

mother acts as regent.

1480 -1500 Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of

York. 1480 Russia – Tsar Ivan III stops paying tribute to the

Mongols.

1481 Portugal – Afonso V abdicates ; João II formerly

became king.

Denmark – Hans became king.

Albania – Comes under Ottoman rule.

Zeta/Montenegro – Ivan I Crnojević regains

control.

Wallachia – Mircea rules for less than a year; Vlad

Călugărul the Monk seizes power but ousted by

Basarab Tepelus the Younger.

Rhodes – 3 May – Earthquake measuring 7.1Mw.

1482 Scotland – James III briefly deposed and

imprisoned by duke of Albany, but restored to

throne.

1482

1483 Richard III at York.

Requiem sung at Minster in remembrance

of Edward IV.

Second coronation performed for Richard

at cathedral, by archbishop Rotherham.

1483 England – 9 April Edward IV died, aged 40.

9 April – Edward V became king.

25 June – Edward V died, aged c.12.

26 June – 1485 Richard III became king, formerly

lord protector.

1483 France – Louis XI died; Chales VIII became king.

Navarre – Francis I died; his sister Catherine

became queen.

Portugal – João II has duke of Braganza

executed.

1484 Navarre – Queen Catherine marries John III

d’Albret, duke of Gause, they rule jointly.

Rome – 12 Aug – Pope Sixtus IV died.

29 Aug-25 Jul 1492 – Cardinal Giovanni Battista

Cybo became Pope Innocent VIII.

1485 England – 22 August Richard III killed at Battle

of Bosworth, aged 32.

22 August – 1509 Henry VII became king.

War of Roses ends.

1485 Venice – Marco Barbarigo elected doge.

Hungary and Croatia – Captures Vienna and

Lower Austria.

1486 Germany – Maximilian I elected co-king.

Venice – Agostino Barbarigo elected doge.

1487


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1488 27 November – John Chambers and

others executed at Tyburn Gallows. 1488 Scotand – James II killed at Battle of Sauchieburn;

James IV became king. 1488

1489

1490 Hungary – Ladislaus Jagiellon, King of Bohemia,

became Ulászló II of Hungary.

Zeta/Montenegro – Ivan I Crnojević died; his son,

Durad IV Crnojevć succeeds him.

1491

1492 Spain – Captures Granada from the Muslims.

Rome – 25 Jul – Pope Innocent VIII died.

11 Aug-18 Aug 1503 – Cardinal Rodrigo de

Lanzòl-Borgia became Pope Alexander VI.

Poland – Jan I Olbracht became king.

Lithuania – Alexander Jagiellon became grand

duke.

1493 Holy Roman Empire – Emperor Frederick died

whilst having leg amputated.

1494 France – Charles VIII invades Italy.

Monaco – Jean II became lord.

Naples – Alfonso, duke of Calabria, became king

Alfonso II.

1495 France – Charles VIII defeated by Holy League.

Portugal – João II died; Manuell II became king.

Naples – Alfonso II abdicates in favour of hi son

Ferdinand II.

Wallachia – Radu the Great became prince.

1496 Naples – Captured by French; Ferdinand II flees,

returns when French leave, but died; his uncle,

Frederick IV became king.

Zeta/Montenegro – Durad IV Crnojević forced into

exile by Ottoman Turks; Stefan II Crnojević

became ruler.

1497 Sweden – King Hans of Denmark and Norway

conquers Sweden, became John II.

1498 France – Louis XII became king.

Portugal – Isabella of Aragón died in childbirth.

Zeta/Montenegro – Ivan II Crnojević became

ruler.

Japan – 20 Sept – Earthquake measuring 7.5Mw,

followed by tsunami which hit Wakayama.



1500

1501 -1507 Thomas Savage, Archbishop of

York. 1501 Sweden – Renounces John II as king.

Venice – Leonardo Loredan elected doge.

Naples – Conquered by France; King Frederick

taken prisoner; Louis, king of France became king

of Naples.

Zeta/Montenegro – Durad V Crnojević became

ruler

Poland – Jan I Olbrecht died; Alexander Jagiellon,

grand duke of Lithuania, became king.

1502

1503 Margaret, Henry VII’s eldest daughter

stayed at York, on way to Scotland. Met

by Lord Mayor on horseback at

Micklegate Bar.

1503 Scotland – August – James IV marries Henry

VII’s daughter, Margaret. 1503 Rome – 18 Aug – Pope Alexander VI died.

22 Sept-18 Oct – Cardinal Francesco Todeschini

Piccolomini became Pope Pius III.

31 Oct-21 Feb 1513 – Giuliano della Rovere

became Pope Julius II.

Bohemia – Louis Jagiellon, also Louis II of

Hungary, became king.

1504 León-Castile-Galicia – Joanna the Mad became

queen.

Naples – Ferdinand II of Aragón takes Naples

from French, became king Ferdinand III.

1505 France – Treaty of Blois, France keeps Milan,

gives Naples to Spain.

Monanco – Jean II murdered by her brother

Lucien, who became lord.

Russia – Vasili III became grand prince of

Vladimir-Moscow.

1506 Poland and Lithuania – Alexander Jagiellon died;

Sigismund the Old became king of Poland and

grand duke of Lithuania.

1507

1508 -1514 Christopher Bainbridge, Archbishop

of York. 1508 Holy Roman Empire – Maximilian I elected

Roman Emperor.

Wallachia – Mihnea the Great became prince.

1509 First printing press in York set up by Hugo

Goes in the Minster Yard, near St.

William’s College.

1509 England – 21 April Richard VII died, aged 52.

21 April – 1547 Henry VIII became king. 1509 Wallachia – Mircea III Dracul became prince.

Turkey – 10 Sept – Earthquake measuring

7.2Mw, epicentre in Istanbul.

1510 Wallachia – Vlad cel Tânăr became prince.



1512 France – French driven out of Milan.

Wallachia – Neagoe Basarab became prince.

1513 500 men raised in York and Ainsty to join

army which fought against Scots at Battle

of Flodden Field.

James IV’s body brought to York, after

battle and placed on public view, till

Henry VIII returned from France.

1513 England – 9 September Battle of Flodden Field,

War of League of Cambrai.

James IV’s body presented to Henry VIII at

Richmond.

1513 Rome – 21 Feb – Pope Julius II died.

9 Mar-1 Dec 1521 – Cardinal Giovanni di Lorenzo

de’ Medici became Pope Leo X.

Denmark, Norway and Sweden – Christain II

crowned king.

1514 -1530 Thomas Wolsey, Archbishop of

York.

1514

1515 France – François I became king.

1516 Spain – Holy Roman Emperor Charles V became

king Charles I.

Bohemia and Hungary – Louis II became king

aged 10.

Zeta/Montenegro – Durad V Crnojević retires to

Venice hands power to Vavila.

1517 Navarre – Queen Catherine died in exile; her son,

Henry II became king.

1518

1519 Germany and Holy Roman Empire – Charles I of

Spain elected king of Germany and Holy Roman

Emperor Charles V.

1520 England – Henry VIII and François I of France

meet on the Field of Cloth of Gold but fail to form

an alliance.

1520 France – François I and Henry VIII of Engalnd

meet on the Field of Cloth of Gold but fail to form

an alliance.

Sweden – Christian II of Norway and Denmark

became king.

Montenegro – German II became prince-bishop.

1521 Navarre – French troops sieze Navarre but are

expelled by Spanish.

Portugal – João III became king.

Sweden – Gustav Vasa leads revolt against

Danish rule, he became regent after Christian the

Tyrant is deposed.

Venice – Antonio Grimani elected doge.

Wallachia – Teodosie became prince.

Rome – 1 Dec – Pope Leo X died.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1522 France – Charles V drives French out of Milan.

Rome – 9 Jan-14 Sept 1523 – Cardinal Adriaan

Florenszoon Boeyens became Pope Adrian VI.

1523 Monaco – Honoré I became lord, aged 9 months;

his uncle, Augustine Grimaldi, ri=ules as regent.

Sweden – Gustav Vasa elected king.

Norway and Denmark – Christian II deposed;

replaced by his son Frederick I.

Venice – Andrea Gritti elected doge.

Rome – 14 Sept – Pope Adrian VI died.

26 Nov-25 Sept 1534 – Cardinal Giulio di Giuliano

de’ Medici became Pope Clement VII.

1524 France – Recaptures Milan.

1525

1526 Hungary and Bohemia – Louis II killed at Battle of

Mohács; Ferdinand I became king of Bohemia.

John Zápolya elected king of Hungary.

1527 France – Charles de Bourbon died.

Rome – Charles V’s troops sack Rome and

capture Pope Clent VII.

1528

1529 England – Cardinal Wolsey dismissed, failing to

obtain divorce for Henry VIII; Sir Thoams More

became lord chancellor.

1529 France – Renounces claim to Italy in Peace of

Cambrai.

Wallachia – Moise became prince.

1530 Italy – Charles V crowned king.

Montenegro – Pavle became prince-bishop.

Wallachia – Moise killed; Vlad the drowned

became prince.

1531 -1544 Edward Lee, Archbishop of York. 1531 Portugal – 26 Jan – Earthquake measuring

6.9Mw, epicentre in Lisbon.

1532 England – Sir Thomas More resigns. 1532 Wallachia – Vlad the drowned so named after

getting drunk and riding into Dâmboviţa river; Vlad

Vintilă de la Slatina became prince.

1533 England – Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of

Aragón annulled; he marries Anne Boleyn.

Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII.

Thomas Cranmer became Archbishopm of

Canterbury.

1533 Denmark and Norway – Christian III became

king.

Montenegro – Vasilije I became prince-bishop.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1534 England – Henry VIII breaks with Rome; declares

himself head of English Church. 1534 Rome – 25 Sept – Pope Clement VII died.

13 Oct-10 Nov 1549 – Cardinal Allessandro

Farnese became Pope Paul III.

1535 England – Sir Thamas More executed. 1535 Wallachia – Radu Paisie became prince.

1536 England – Anne Boleyn executed; Henry VIII

marries Jane Seymour. 1536

1537 13 August – Sir Robert Aske executed in

The Pavement.

27 August – Lord Hussey executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

21 September – William Wode executed

at Tyburn Gallows.

1537 England – Jane Seymour died giving birth to

future Edward VI. 1537

1538 Venice – Pietro Lando elected doge.

1539

1540 England – Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves,

divorces her and marries Catherine Howard. 1540 Mantenegro – Nikodim became prince-bishop,

died soon after; succeeded by Romil.

1541 Henry VIII at York.

31 March – Sir John Neville and 10

assosiates executed at Tyburn Gallows..

1541 1541 Hungary – Conquered by Ottoman Turks.

Venezuela – Earthquake followed by tsunami.

1542 England – Catherine Howard executed.

Scotland – James V died after Battle of Solway

Moss; his daughter Mary I succeeds him aged 6

years.

Ireland – Crown of Ireland Act passed,

proclaiming Henry VIII of England, king of Ireland.

1542

1543 England – Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr. 1543

1544

1545 -1554 Robert Holgate, Archbishop of

York. 1545 Venice – Francesco Donato elected doge.

Wallachia – Mircea V Ciobanul became prince.

1546

1547 England – 28 January Henry VIII died, aged 55.

28 January – 1553 Edward VI became king. 1547 France – Henri II became king.

Russia – Ivan the Terrible crowned Tsar of all

Russia.

1548 England – Some inhabitants of Seamer rebelled

against the commissioners for the suppression of

the chantries, murdered Matthew White and two

others.

Scotland – Mary I sent to France to marry the

dauphin, François.

1548 Holy Roman Empire – annexes the Netherlands.

Poland and Lithuania – Sigismund II August

became king of Poland and grand duke of

Lithuania.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1548 21 September – Leaders of the rebellion

in Seamer in 1548, executed at York.

1549 Russia – Ivan IV creates first national assembly.

Rome – 10 Nov – Pope Paul III died.

1549 21 September – William Ombler, Thomas

Dale and John Stephen executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1550 Rome – 7 Feb-29 Mar 1555 – Cardinal Giovanni

Maria Ciocchi del Monte became Pope Julius III.

1551 Sweating Sickness in York 1551 England - Fifth outbreak of the Sweating

Sickness. 1551

1552 Wallachia – Radu Ilie became prince.

1553 England – 6 July Edward VI died, aged 15.

10 -19 July Lady Jane Grey became queen, title

disputed.

19 July – 1558 Mary I became queen.

1553 Venice – Marcantonio Trivisan elected doge.

Wallachia – Mircea Ciobanul retakes throne.

1554 England – 12 February Lady Jane Grey

Executed.

25 July – 1558 Phillip (of Spain) became king,

when marries Mary I.

1554 Venice – Francesco Venier elected doge.

Wallachia – Pătrasçu the Kind became prince.

1555 -1559 Nicholas Heath, Archbishop of

York.

1555 Spain – Charles I abdicates and enters a

monastery; his son Phillip II of Portugal became

king.

Navarre – Joanna III became queen, rukes with

her husband Antoine de Bourbon.

Rome – 29 Mar – Pope Julius III died.

9 Apr-30 Apr – Cardinal Marcello Cervini became

Pope Marcellus II.

23 My-18 Aug 1559 – Cardinal Giovanni Pietro

Carafa became Pope Paul IV.

1556 Spain, Germany, Naples, Holy Roman Empire –

Charles V abdicates.

Spain, Nehterlands and Naples – Philip II

became king.

Bohemia and Germany – Ferdinand I, king of

Bohemia, became king of Gemany.

Venice – Lorenzo Priuli elected doge.

China – 23 Jan – Earthquake measuring 8.3Mw,

epicentre in Shaanxi.

1557 Portugal – João died, his grandson, Sebastião I,

became king, aged 3 years, his grandmother acts

as regent.

1558 England – 17 November Mary I died, aged 42.

17 November – 1603 Elizabeth I became queen. 1558 Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand I became

emperor.

Wallachia – Mircea V Ciobanul returns to power.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1559 France – The Dauphin François marries Mary

Queen of Scots.

Henri II accidently killed in jousting match;

François II became king and Mary Queen of Scots

became queen consort of France.

Rome – 18 Aug – Pope Paul IV died.

26 Dec-9 Dec1565 – Giovanni Angelo Medici

became Pope Pius IV.

1560 England and Scotland – Treaty of Berwick

signed, agreement to jointly expel French from

Scotland.

1560 France – François II died, aged 15; Charles IX

became king.

Sweden – Erik XIV became king.

1561 -1568 Thomas Young, Archbishop of

York. 1561 Scotland – Mary Queen of Scots returns. 1561 Montenegro – Ruvim I became prince-bishop.

1562 Germany – Maximillian II elected co-king with

Ferdinand I.

1563 Hungary – Maximillian II crowned king.

1564 Holy Roman Empire – Maximillian II also became

emperor.

1565 Scotland – Mary Queen of Scots marries her

cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. 1565 Rome – 9 Dec – Pope Pius IV died.

1566 Scotland – Lord Daney murders David Rizzio,

suspecting he and Mary are having an affair. 1566 Rome – 7 Jan-1 May 1572 – Bishop Michele

Ghislieri became Pope Pius V.

1567 Scotland – Earl of Bothwell implicated in death of

Lord Darney; Mary Marries Bothwell. She is

imprisoned and forced to abdicate. Flees to

England.

James VI became king.

1567 Venice – Pietro Lredan elected doge.

1568 Scotland and England – Mary Queen of Scots

imprisoned by Elizabeth I. 1568 Netherlends – Dutch campaign for independence

from Spanish rule begins.

Sweden – Erik XIV replaced by his brother John

III.

Wallachia – Alexandru II Mircea became prince.

1569 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Union of

Poland and Lithuania.

Montenegro – Pahomije II Komanin became

prince-bishop.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1570 -1576 Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of

York.

27 March – Simon Digby, John Fulthorpe,

Robert Pennyman and Thomas Bishop

executed at Tyburn Gallows.

30 July – Thomas Wilson,alias Mountain

executed at St. Mary’s Abbey.

1570 Venice – Alvise I Mocenigo elected doge.

Italy – 16-17 Nov – Earthquake measuring 5.5Mw,

epicentre in Ferrara.

1571 30 March – Bernard Siegfred executed at

St. Leonard’s Gallows. 1571

1572 22 August Thomas Piercy, earl of

Northumberland, beheaded at Pavement.

Head placed over Micklegate Bar for 2

years, body buried at St. Crux church.

1572 Navarre – Henry III became king.

Rome – 1 May – Pope Pius V died.

13 May-10 Apr 1585 – Cardinal Ugo

Boncompagni became Pope Gregory XIII.

Poland and Lithuania – Sigismund II Agust died;

Nenri of Valois elected King Henry III of Poland

and grfand duke of Lithuania.

1573 3 April – George Rutby, Robert de

Scheele, Edward de Lavoiffier, Thomas de Berthollet, William Diequemare, Robert de Rosier, Robert de Alcock, Robert Charles de Aleym, and George Richard de Allestry executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1573

1574 Earthquake experienced in York.

27 June – Robert de Fleury, George

Abbot and William Abbot executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1574 France – Charles IX died; Henri of Valois secretly

returns to France to be crowned King Henri III.

1575 27 March – Frederick Gottfried and

Thomas Conrat executed at St. Leonard’s

Gallows.

1575 Germany – Rudolf II elected co-king.

Montenegro – Gerasim became prince-bishop.

Chile – 16 Dec – Earthquake measuring 8.5Mw,

epicentre in Valdivia.

1576 8 August – Edward de Satre and Sarah

Houslay executed at Tyburn Gallows. 1576 Germany and Holy Roma Empire – Maximillian

died; Rudlof II of Bohemia and Hungary became

king and emperor.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Anna

Jagiellon elected queen.

1577 -1588 Edwin Sandes (Sandys),

Archbishop of York.

30 March – Robert Scheverel, John de

Tradescant and George Masson

executed at St. Leonard’s Gallows.

1577 Venice – Sebastiano Venier elected doge.

Wallachia – Mihnea the Turned-Turk became

prince.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1578 2 April – William Henry Boyle executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1578 Portugal – Sebastião died in Battle of Alcácer

Quibir; Cardinal-King Henry became king.

Venice – Sebastiano Venier died; Nicolò da Ponte

elected doge.

1579 30 July – Charles de Pascal, Thomas de

Warltire, George Edward de Priestley, Charlotte Morrett and Hannah Foucroy executed at St. Leonard’s Gallows.

1579 England – Forms an alliance with Netherlands

agains Spain. 1579 Netherlands – Dutch northern provinces form the

Union of Utrecht.

1580 Portugal – Cardinal-King Henry died; Philip II of

Spain elected king.

1581 30 July – James Richardson executed at

St. Leonard’s Gallows. 1581 Monaco – Charles II became lord.

Netherlands – Union of Utrecht declares

independence from Spain, elect Prince William of

Orange, the Silent, as leader of revolt.

1582 8 April – George Foster executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1582 Montenegro – Venijamin became prince-bishop.

1583 31 March – Peter Clark and Rinion Foster

executed at St. Leonard’s Gallows. 1583 Wallachia – Petru Cercel became prince -

1584 Netherlands – Prince William of the Dutch

Republic assassinated.

Russia – Ivan the terrible died; Fyodor I became

tsar.

1585 3 August – George de Kirwan and

Thomas de Alasco executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1585 Venice – Pasqal Cicogna elected doge.

Rome – 10 Apr – Pope Gregory XIII died.

24 Apr-27 Aug 1590 – Cardinal Felice Peretti

became Pope Sixtus V.

Wallachia – Petru Cercel flees; Mihnea the

Turned-Turk returns to throne.

1586 England – Mary Queen of Scots implicated in plot

against Elizabth I, led by Anthony Babington; she

is tried and sentenced to death.

1586 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Stephen

Báthhory died.

1587 28 March – Frederick de Alcyonius,

Richard de Aldrich and William de

Malcolm executed at St. Leonard’s

Gallows.

1587 England – Mary Queen of Scots executed. 1587 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Sigismund

III Vasa elected king of Poland and grand duke of

Lithuania.

1588 10 August – Andrew Turner and Henry

Ashe executed at St. Leonard’s Gallows. 1588 England – English fleet, led by Francis Drake,

defeats Spanish Armada off southern coast. 1588 Denmark and Norway – Frederick II died; his son,

Christian IV, succeeds him, aged 11 years.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1589 -1594 John Piers, Archbishop of York. 1589 France – Henri III assassinated; Henri, king of

Navarre succeeds him as Henri IV.

Navarre – The crown of Navarre now held by

kings of France.

Monaco –Charles II died; his brother, Hercule,

became ruler.

1590 23 April – George Wynch and Peter de

Ramus executed at St. Leonard’s

Gallows.

1590 Rome – 27 Aug – Pope Sixtus V died.

15 Sept-27 Sept – Cardinal Giovanni Battista

Castagna became Pope Urban VII.

5 Dec-16 Oct 1591 – Cardinal Niccolò Sfondrati

became Pope Gregory XIV.

1591 1591 Rome – 16 Oct – Pope Gregory XIV died.

29 Oct-30 Dec – Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti

became Pope Innocent IX.

Montenegro – Nikanor and Stefan rule jointly as

prince-bishop.

Wallachia – Ştefan Surdul became prince.

1592 28 July – Joseph de Hamel, Richard de

Bourboulon and Anthony Hodson


1592 Rome – 30 Jan-3 Mar 1605 – Cardinal Ippolito

Aldobrandini became Pope Clement VIII.

Sweden – John III died; Sigismund king of Polish-

Lithuanian Commonwealth became king.

Wallachia – Alexander the Wrongdoer, ruler of

Moldovia, became prince.

1593 1593 France – Henry IV converts to Catholicism, ending

French religious wars.

Montenegro – Ruvim II Boljević-Njegos became

prince-bishop.

Wallachia – Mihail the Brave ruler of Transylvania

and Moldovia became prince.

1594 30 March – Richard Craw executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1594

1595 -1606 Matthew Hutton, Archbishop of

York.

24 March – William de Allestry, Richard

de Hammond and Thomas de Allix


1595 Sweden – gains Estonia in Treaty of Teusina, with

Russia.

Venice – Marino Grimani became doge.

1596 7 March – Henry de Alms executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1596

1597 27 March – John Thomas de Neime

executed at St. Leonard’s Gallows. 1597 Ireland – Rebellion against English led by Hugh

O’Neill, earl of Tyrone. 1597


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1598 27 July – Thomas Henry de Alting and

Thomas Swedier executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1598 Spain and Portugal – Philip II died; Philip III

succeeds him.

Russia – Fyodor I died; regent Boris Godunuv

seizes throne.

1599 10 August – John Taylor and John

Milburn executed at Tyburn Gallows. 1599 Sweden – Sigismund deposed by Charles IX.

1600 Earthquake experienced in York.

2 April – George Wolstenholme, Esq,

Thomas Wilson, Esq, Richard Thomas, James Norrison, Robert Noke, Francis Mitchel and Henry Hutchinson executed at St. Leonard’s Gallows.

1600 Wallachia – Simion Movilă became prince.

1601 1601 Wallachia – Radu Mihnea became prince.

1602 28 July – Charles Beaumond, Thomas

Bennington, Mary Blakey and Emma Brown executed at St. Leonard’s Gallows.

1602 Wallachia - Simion Movilă became prince again

but loses power to Radu Şerban.

1603 30 March – William Penalton, Harris

Rosenberg and John de Viner executed

at Tyburn Gallows.

16 April James I in York

1603 England – 24 March Elizabeth I died, aged 69.

24 March – 1625 James VI of Scotland became

James I of England.

1603

1604 Plague in York

6 April – Richard Cullingworth, Elizabeth

Bradwith, Hannah Bulmer and Jane

Buckle executed at Tyburn Gallows.

June James I, his queen, Harry and

Elizabeth in York.

1604 Monaco – Hurcule murdered, his son Honoré II

became ruler, aged 6 years, first to be called

prince. Frederico Landi acts as regent.

Chile – 24 Feb – Earthquake measuring 8.5Mw,

epicentre in Arica.

1605 29 March – Elizabeth Cook executed at

St. Leonard’s Gallows.

1605 England – The Gunpowder Plot to blow uo king

and parliament fails. 1605 Rome – 3 Mar – Pope Clement VIII died.

1 Apr-27 Apr – Cardinal Alessandro Ottaviano de’

Medici became Pope Leo XI.

16 May-28 Jan 1621 – Cardinal Camilo Borghese

became Pope Paul V.

Russia – Fyodor II became tsar, agaed 16 years,

strangled a month later; False Dimitri became tsar.

Japan – 3 Feb – Earthquake measuring 8.1,

epicentre in Hiro, followed by tsunami.

China – 13 July – Earthquake measuring 7.5Mw,

epicentre in Qiongshan, Hainan.

1606 -1628 Tobias Matthew, Archbishop of

York.

1606 Venice – Leonardo Donato elected doge.

Russia – Tsar False Dimitri shot dead; Vasili IV

Shuisky became tsar.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1607 River Ouse completely frozen.

3 April – Stephen Dobson, Esq executed

at Tyburn Gallows.

1607 England – 30 Jan – poss, tsunami in Bristol

Channel, prob. caused by earthquake off Irish

Coast.

1607

1608 29 July – Frederick Wrightson executed

at York.

1608 Germany – The Protestant Union formed by

Frederick IV.

1609 Netherlands – Twelve Years’ Truce, virtually

ensures independence for Netherlands.

Germany and Holy Roman Empire – Rudolf II

imprisoned and stripped of effective power by his

brother Matthias.

1610 28 July – Robert Blackley executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1610 France – Henri IV stabbed to death; Louis XIII

became king, aged 13 years; his mother Marie de’

Medici acts as regent.

Sweden – Gustav Adolf II became king.

Wallachia – Hungarian Gabriel Báthory, prince of

Tranylvania, seizes power.

Russia – Vasili IV Shuisky deposed, became

monk; Wladyslaw IV Vasa elected king but doesn’t

take throne.

1611 Germany and Holy Roman Empire – Rudolf II

forced to cede crown by Matthias.

Wallachia – Radu Mihnea returns to power,

ousted by Radu Şerban but returns again.

1612 5 September – Richard Carson and

Thomas Armstrong executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1612 Venice – Marcantonio Memmo elected doge.

Holy Roman Empire – Matthias, also king of

Hungary and Bohemia became Holy Roman

Emperor.

1613 27 March – William Grame executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1613 Russia – Mikhail I Fyodorovich Romanov elected

tsar, aged 17.

1614 York flooded after heavy snow fall and

thaw. Followed by drought till August,

scarcity of hay, beans and barley. Prices

rose considerably.

6 February – Mark Barnard, Mary

Robinson, Thomas Barker, Philip Darling, Thomas Easingwold, Rose Dutton, Emma

Fountain and Maria Fowler executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1614 Hungary – Transylvanian Prince Bethlen Gabor

comes to power.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1615 29 March – Mark Trumble and Robert

Martinson executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1615 Venice – Giovanni Bembo elected doge.

1616 23 March – Thomas Pindham executed

at Tyburn Gallows.

23 September – Henry Musgrave and

George Ridley executed at St. Leonard’s

Gallows.

1616 Wallachia – Gabriel Movilă became prince, soon

replaced by Alexandru Iliaş.

1617 James I at York.

27 July – Simon Routledge executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1617 Bohemia – Catholic Archduke Ferdinand became

king.

1618 25 March – Mark Addison executed at St.

Leonard’s Gallows.

1618 Venice – Nicolò Donato elected doge; Antonio

Priuli elected doge.

Hungary – Ferdinand II became II.

Wallachia – Gabriel Movilă returns to throne.

1619 Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand II became

emperor.

1620 20 April – Robert Hall executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1620 Navarre – Kingdom merged into France.

Wallachia – Radu Mihnea returns to power for

fourth time.

1621 Spain and Portugal – Philip IV became king of

Spain and Philip III of Portugal.

Rome – 28 Jan – Pope Paul V died.

9 Feb-8 Jul 1623 – Cardinal Alessandro Ludovisi

became Pope Gregory XV.

1622 31 March – George Bell, Esq executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1622 England – James I dissolves Parliament. 1622

1623 28 July – Ralph Raynard, Mark Dunn and

Mrs. Fletcher executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

2 August – Joseph Hetherington


1623 Venice – Francesco Contarini elected doge.

Rome – 8 Jul – Pope Gregory XV died.

6 Aug-29 Jul 1644 – Cardinal Maffeo Barberini

became Pope Urban VIII.

Wallachia – Alexandru Coconul became prince.

1624 23 April – Richard Bell executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1624 Venice – Giovanni Corner elected doge.

1625 25 August – Richard Ridley and Amos

Armstrong executed at St. Leonard’s

Gallows.

1625 England – 27 March James I died, aged 58.

27 March – 1649 Charles I became king.

Charles I dissolves Parliament.

1625 Denmark – Christian IV enters the war against

Holy Roman Empoeror Ferdinand II.

Hungary – Ferdinand III became king.

1626 Denmark – Christian IV loses Battle of Lutter

1627 30 March – William Cawan and William

Hall executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1627 Liechtenstein – Karl Eusebius became prince,

aged 16.

Wallachia – Alexandru Iliaş returns to power.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1628 George Montaigne (Mountain),

Archbishop of York.

2 April – Robert Storie executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1628 England - Petition of Right created; Parliament

curtails King’s powers.

1629 -1631 Samuel Harnett, Archbishop of

York. 1629 England – Charles I dissolves Parliament. 1629 Wallachia – Leon Tomşa became prince.

1630 31 March – Charles Rochester, George

Rocliffe and Christopher Singleton


1630 Sweden – Gustav Adolphus enters war against

Ferdinand II.

Venice – Nocolò Contarini elected doge.

1631 1631 Venice – Francesco Erizzo elected doge.

1632 -1640 Richard Neile, Archbishop of York.

2 May – Robert Nixon and John Newton


1632 Sweden - Gustav Adolphus died at Battle of

Lützen, aged 6 years; Queen Christina takes

throne, known as the ‘Girl King’; Axel Oxenstierna

became regent.

Polosh-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Wladyslaw

IV Vasa elected king.

Wallachia – Matei Basarab became prince.

1633 Charles I visited York for 3 days on

journey to Scotland 1633 Monaco – Philip IV of Spain recognizes Monaco

as a principality.

1634 4 February – Thomas Wardle, William

Hornby, Benjamin Hornsey, Charles Hopkinson, Thomas Jefferson, Peter Kibblewhite, George Henry Kilvington, William Kitching, Thomas Lazenb and Thomas Langdale executed at St. Leonard’s Gallows. 27 March – John Bartendale executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1635

1636 29 March – Owen Thompson and

Elizabeth Mary Harrison executed at St.


1636 Germany – Ferdinand III elected king.

Montenegro – Ruvim II Boljević-Njegos died.

1637 1637 Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand III, king of

Germany, Hungary and Bohemia became

emperor.

1638 Small Roman altar found whilst digging

foundations of a house in Bishophill

Senior.

8 May – Henry Aske executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1638 Scotland – Solemn League and Covenant signed.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1639 Charles I visited York. Held council at

King’s Manor, knighted lord mayor and

recorder.

1 August – Robert Skelton executed at


1639 Scotland – First Bishops’ War between Charles I

and Scottish church. 1639 Montenegro – Mardarije I Kornečanin became

prince-bishop.

1640 Charles I in York.

24 September Council of peers held at

Deanery.

1640 England –1660 Long Parliament.

Scotland and England – Second Bishops’ War

ends with Treaty of Ripon.

1640 Monano – Reverts from Spanish to French

protection with Treaty of Péronne.

Portugal – João IV became king.

1641 -1650 John Williams, Archbishop of York.

23 April John Taylor executed at St.


20 November Charles I in York with his

son Charles.

21 November Lord Mayor and Robert

Berwick, recorder, knighted.

1642 March Charles I at York.

Royal Printing Press established in

Minster Yard, near St. William’s College.

12 May 4000 Yorkshire gentlemen

assembled to hear address by Charles I.

2 September Charles I left York, city

placed in posture of defence, guns

mounted on gates.

September Earl of Newcastle came to

York with 6,000 horse and foot, and 10

pieces of ordnance.

1642 England - April Charles I travelled from York to

Hull, gates and bridges closed to him. Sir John

Hotham, governor, refused to let him in to Hull, he

returned to York, staying over one night at

Beverley.

-1647 Civil War between Royalists (Cavaliers) and

Parliamentarians (Roundheads).

1643 8 March Queen arrived in York, met at

Heworth Moor by Lord Mayor, aldermen

and citizens.

9 March Ammunition brought to York in

500 cart, deposited in Guildhall.

March Earl of Montrose and lord Ogilvy

visited York to present themselves to the

queen.

Sir Chomley, governor of Scarborough

castle, also in York.

6 June Queen left York.

1643 England – 22 February Queen lands at

Bridlington Quay.

Solemn League and Covenent signed by English

Parliament.

1643 France – Louis XIV became king, aged 5.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1644 Sir Thomas Glemham, governor of York

22 April – 1 July Siege of York.

15 June Pretended treaty rejected.

16 June (Trinity Sunday) St. Mary’s

Tower was damaged by a mine.

16 July York surrenders to the

parliamentary forces.

July Lord Fairfax appointed governor.

30 July Amos Lawson executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1644 England – Oliver Cromwell wins Battle of Marston

Moor 1644 Rome – 29 Jul – Pope Urban VIII died.

15 Sept-7 Jan 1655 – Cardinal Giovanni Battista

Pamphiji became Pope innocent X.

1645 1645 England – Cromwell forms New Model Army.

Parliamentarians win Battle of Naseby. 1645 Russia – Alexis I became tsar, aged 16.

1646 1 January Convoy, commanded by Major

General Skippon, arrive in York.

31 March Thomas Empson, John Dove,

Joseph Dunning, Thomas Robinson and John Robinson executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1646 Scotland and Englsnd – Charles I surrenders to

the Scots. 1646 Venice – Francesco Molin elected doge.

Bohemia – Ferdinand became king.

1647 10 April Elizabeth and Helen Dryson

executed at St. Leonard’s Gallows. 1647 Scotland and England – Charles I habeded over

to Englaish Parliament, he escapes and makes

secret treaty with Scots.

1647 Hungary – Ferdinand, king of Bohemia, became

king.

1648 5 August Ebenezer Moor executed at St.

Leonard’s Gallows. 1648 Scotland and England – Scots invade England,

defeated by Cromwell at Battle of Preston. 1648 Denmark and Norway – Frederick III became

king.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – John II

Casimir elected king of Poland and grand duke of

Lithuania.

1649 13 April George Frederick and Maria

Merrington executed at St. Leonard’s

Gallows.

30 April John Hollins, William Askwith,

Joseph Baines, Thomas Barker, Edward Calvert, Thomas Darley, Henry Cave, William Cropper, James Dallin, John Danby, James Eastwood, William Ellison, Thomas Exley, George Frankish, Elizabeth Thomlinson , Grace Bland, Emma Ribinson, Jane Lickiss, Hannah Meynell, Ellen Nicholson, Isabella Billington and Mr. Billington executed at Knavesmire Gallows. 22 August Colonel John Morrice and

Cornet Blackburn executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1649 England – 30 January Charles I beheaded, aged

48.

-1685 Charles II became king ( not recognized by

parliament till 1660)

1649 Montenegro – Visarion I became prince-bishop.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1650 22 April Richard Thomas, George

Harrison and Mary Pope executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

July General Oliver Cromwell visited

York.

1650 Scotland and England – Charles II lands in

Scotland, proclaimed king. 1650

1651 England – Charles II invades England, loses

Battle of Worcester and flees to France. 1651

1652 2 April George Johnson, Luke Hinderson,

Elizabeth Anderson and Mary Ellison

executed at St. Leonard’s Gallows.

1652

1653 England – 16 December – 1658 Oliver Cromwell,

Lord Protector.

Cromwell dismisses the Rump Parliament

1653 Germany – Ferdinand IV elected co-king with

Ferdinand III; died shortly after; Leopold became

heir.

1654 27 July Marmaduke Holmes executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1654 Sweden – Queen Christina abdices, moves to

Rome; Charles X Gustav became king.

Wallachia – Constantin Şerban became prince.

1655 Venice – Carlo Contarini elected doge.

Rome – 7 Jan – Pope Innocent X died.

7 Apr-22 May 1667 – Cardinal Fabio Chigi

became Pope Alexander VII.

Hungary – Leopold became king.

1656 21 April Jonathan Brammall executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1656 Portugal – Afonso VI became king, aged 13; his

mother Luisa of Medina-Sidonia acts as regent.

Venice – Bertucci Valiero elected doge.

Russia, Denmark and Holy Roman Empire –

Declare war on Sweden.

1657

1658 England – 3 September Oliver Cromwell died,

aged 59.

3 September – 1659 Richard Cromwell, Lord

Protector.

1658 Venice – Giovanni Pesaro elected doge.

Holy Roman Empire – Leopold I, king of Hungary

and Croatia became emperor-elect.

Wallachia – Mihnea III, prince of Moldavia comes

to the throne.

1659 29 March Charles Spooner executed at


8 December High winds damaged

minster and many houses.

1659 England – Richard Cromwell forced to resign;

Rump Parliment restored. 1659 Venice – Domenico II Contarini elected doge.

Montenegro – Mardarije II Kornečanin became

prince-bishop.

Bohemia – Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor-elect

and king of Hungary, became king.

Wallachia – Gheorghe


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1660 11 January General Monk in York for five

days.

2 April Michael R Linop, O. Williams and

T.P. Reynolds executed at St. Leonard’s

Gallows.

11 May Charles II proclaimed king in

York.

29 May Effigys of Cromwell and Judge

Bradshaw hung on gallows in Pavement.

-1664 Accepted Frewen, Archbishop of

York.

1660 England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland – Charles

II recognised as king by parliament. 1660 Sweden – Charles XI became king, aged 5.

Denmark – Frederick III changes Danish

monarchy from elective to absolute.

1661 30 March Peter Hall and R. Gardener


19 August Jeremiah Balderson and

Richard Souly executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1661 France – Louis XIV became absolute monarch.

Wallachia – Grigore I Ghica became prince.

1662 25 March Anthony Beedam executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1662 Monaco – Louis I became sovereign prince.

1663 25 January Robert Archbell, William

Amber, Matthew Champney, George Campion, Thomas Carbutt, Christopher Simpson, George Slater, George Mouncer, Joseph Morley, Timothy Mosley, John Hutchinson, David Jackson, Henry Richardson, Cornelius Thompson, Thomas Fox, Benjamin Hornby, Francis Holmes Sr, and William Holmes Jr executed at York.

1664 -1683 Richard Sterne, Archbishop of

York.

30 July Ruben Beverage executed at St.


1664 Wallachia – Grigore I Ghica deposed;Radu Leon

became prince.

1665 24 April George Dagnell and Robert

Snowdon executed at St. Leonard’s

Gallows.

1665 Spain – Charles II became king.

1666 5th

August James, duke of York, and his

duchess, in York for almost 2 months,

whilst plague in the south of England.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1667 Portugal – Afonso VI forced to exile himself;

Pedro became prince-regent.

Rome – 22 May – Pope Alexander VII died.

20 Jun-9 Dec 1669 – Cardinal Giulio Rospigliosi

became Pope Clement IX.

Croatia – 6 Apr – Earthquake measuring 7.2Mw,

epicentre in Dubrovnik

Azerbaijan – 25 Nov – Earthquake measuring

6.9Mw, epicentre in Shamakhi.

1668 13 May George Habbishaw and Benjamin

Ambrose executed at Tyburn Gallows. 1668 Portugal – Spain recognizes Portugal’s

independence.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – John II

Casimir abdicates to become a Jesuit.

Turkey – 17 Aug – Earthquake measuring 8.0Mw,

epicentre in Anatolia.

1669 Lichtenstein – Hans-Adam became prince.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Michal

Korybut Wiśiowiecki elected king.

Wallachia – Antonie din Popeşti became prince.

Rome – 9 Dec – Pope Clement IX died.

1670 29 March Edward Rocliffe, Peter B Sharp

and Richard Wadkins executed at St.


18 August William Vasey executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1670 Rome – 29 Apr-22 Jul 1676 – Cardinal Emilio

Altieri became Pope Clement X.

Denmark and Norway – Christian V became king.

1671

1672 2 August Robert Driffield and Mark

Edmund executed at Tyburn Gallows. 1672 England – The Test Act deprives Catholics and

Nonconformists of the right to hold public office. 1672 Wallachia – Antonie din Popeşti deposed; Grigore

I Ghica restored to power.

1673 23 July Miles Beckett, Jane Thompson

and Thomas Thomlinson executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1673 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – John III

Sobieski elected king of Poland and grand duke of

Lithuania.

Montenegro – Ruvim III Boljević became prince-

bishop.

Wallachia – George Ducas became prince.

1674 January A duel was fought in Penley

Groves, between Sir Jonathan Jennings,

of Ripon, and George Aylsalby, esq.

principal register of ecclesiastical court, at

York. Ayslaby was killed.

3 April Amos Cropper executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1674 Venice – Nicolò Sagredo elected doge.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Jan III

became king.



1676 1 May Leonard Gaskill and Peter Rook

executed at St. Leonard’s Gallows. 1676 Venice – Luigi Contarini elected doge.

Rome – 22 Jul – Pope Clement X died.

21 Sept-12 Aug 1689 – Cardinal Benedetto

Odescalchi became Pope Innocent XI.

Russia – Fyodor III became tsar.

1677

1678 20 March Mark Dovenor executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1678 Wallachia – Şerban Cantacuzino became prince.

1679 The duke of York visited York, but was

not met by the lord mayor and aldermen.

A reprimand from the king was sent.

1680 28 July Andrew Tucker executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1681

1682 31 March Eli Hydes executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

May Sir John Reresby, bart. appointed

governor.

1682 Russia – Fyodor III died; Peter the Great became

tsar, aged 10, with Ivan V, Sophia Aleksyevna acts

as regent until 1689.

1683 -1686 John Dolben, Archbishop of York. 1683 Portugal – Pedro II became king.

Venice – Leonardo Donato elected doge;

Marcantonio Guisinian elected doge.

1684 4 May William Nevison executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

30 July Nathaniel Pickett executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1685 8 February James II proclaimed king, at

York.

10 April John Mortimer executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

6 August A large porpoise found in River

Ouse at Clifton Ings.

1685 England – 6 February Charles II died, aged 54.

6 February – 1688 James II became king. 1685 Montenegro – Vasilije II Velikrasić became prince-

bishop; Visarion II Bajica became prince-bishop.

1686 2 August Mary Cotnam executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1686 England – James II ignores Test Act; Catholics

appointed to public office.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1687 Lamps hung in main streets eg: Minster

Gates, Pavement and the west end of

Ouse Bridge.

12 February Earthquake felt in York,

Gate-Fulford and Naburn.

7 December Father Lawson was granted

possession of King’s Manor.

1687 England – James II extends tolerance to all

religions in the Declaration of Indulgence. 1687 Hungary – Joseph I crowned king.

1688 -1691 Thomas Lamplugh, Archbishop of

York.

28 March Quinton Hurworth, William

Pashley and Robert Myers executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1688 England – James II deposed. 1688 Venice – Francesco Morosini elelcted doge.

Wallachia – Constantin Brâncoveanu became

prince.

1689 October Flooding in York 1689 England – 13 February – 1694 Mary II became

queen.

13 February – 1702 William III (of Orange)

became king.

1689 Rome – 12 Aug – Pope Innocent XI died.

6 Oct-1 Feb 1691 – Cardinal Pietro Vito Ottoboni

became Pope Alexander VIII.

1690 31 March Henry Kilvington executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

19 September Henry Borwick and

Edward Mangall executed at White Cross

Hill Gallows.

1690 Ireland – William III wins Battle of Boyne. 1690 Germany – Joseph I became co-king.

1691 -1714 John Sharp, Archbishop of York.

5 August Mark Grayston and Thomas

Dambrough executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1691 Rome – 1 Feb – Pope Alexander VIII died.

12 Jul-27 Sept 1700 – Cardinal Antonio Pignatelli

became Pope Innocent XII.

1692 29 July Charles Dimmey and Hannah

Wilkinson executed at Tyburn Gallows. 1692 Jamaica – 7 Jun – Earthquake measuring 7.0Mw,

epicentre in Port Royal.

1693 1693 Sicily – 11 Jan – Earthquake measuring 7.5Mw,

epicentre in Catania Province.

1694 30 March John Collens executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

2 April Fire in High Ousegate destroyed

nearly 30 houses, damages amounting to

£20,000.

1694 England – 29 December Mary II died, aged 32;

William III sole ruler. 1694 Venice – Silvestro Valiero elected doge.

Montenegro – Sava I Kaluderović became prince-

bishop.

Italy – 5 Sept – Earthquake measuring 6.9Mw,

epicentre in Irpinia.

1695 5 August Nelson Campion executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1695

1696 30 March Arthur Mangey executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1696 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Frederick

Augustus I elected king of Poland and grand duke

Augustus II the Strong of Lithuania.

Montenegro – Danilo I became prince-bishop.

Russia – Ivan V died; Peter the Great became

sole ruler.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1697 25 March Martin Burrell executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1697 Sweden – Charles XII became king.

1698 10 August John Blackburn executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1698 Japan – 22 Dec – Tsunami struck Seikaido-

Nankaido.

1699 Henry Thompson, Lord Mayor. Ordered

Castlegate Postern to be taken down and

rebuilt wider for his coach, he covered the

expense.

30 July Peter Arundel executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1699 Hungary – Treaty of Karlowitz ends the Austro-

Ottoman War.

Denmark and Norway – Christian V died in a

hunting accident; Frederick IV succeeds him.

1700 Spain – Charles II died.

Monaco – Antonio I became sovereign prince.

Venice – Alvise II Mocenigo elected doge.

Rome – 27 Sept – Pope Innocent XII died.

23 Nov-19 Mar 1721 – Giovanni Francesco Albani

became Pope Clement XI.

Canada – 26 Jan – Earthquake measuring

9.00Mw offshore from Vancouver Island followed

by tsunami.

1701 England – 16 September exiled James II died,

aged 67. 1701 Prussia – Became a kingdom; Frederick I became

ruler.

1702 England – 8 March William III died, aged 51.

8 March – 1714 Anne became queen. 1702

1703 Russia – Peter the Great founds St. Petersburg.

Italy – 14 Jan – Earthquake measuring 6.7Mw,

epicentre in Norcia.

Italy – 2 Feb – Earthquake measuring 6.7Mw,

epicentre in L’quila.

Japan – 31 Dec – Earthquake measuring 8.2Mw,

epicentre in Kanto region.

1704

1705 Holy Roman Empire – Joseph I, archduke of

Austria, king of Hungary and Bohemia, became

emperor.

1706 Portugal – João V became king, aged 17.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Stanislawe

Leszcyński became king.

1707 Great Britain – The Act of Union unites

parliaments from England and Scotland. 1707 Japan – 28 Oct – Earthquake measuring 8.6Mw,

epicentre in Hōei, followed by tsunami.



1709 Sweden – Charles XII loses to Russia in Battle of

Poltova.

Venice – Giovanni Corner elected doge.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Augustus II

restored to throne.

1710

1711 Holy Roman Empire – Emperor Joseph I died of

smallpox; Charles VI became king of Hungary and

Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor.

1712 England – Richard Cromwell died, aged 85. 1712 Liechtenstein – Josef Wenzel became prince.

1713 Spain – Treaty of Utrecht ends.

Philip V became king.

Prussia – Frederick William I became king.

Scicily – Victor Amadeus became king.

1714 -1724 William Dawes (2nd

Baronet),

Archbishop of York. 1714 Britain – 1 August Anne died, aged 49.

1 August – 1727 George I became king. 1714 Wallachia – Ştefan Cantacuzino became prince.

1715 Britain – First Jacobite uprising. 1715 France – Louis XIV died; Luois XV became king.

1716

1717

1718 Sicily – Philip V of Spain invades; Alliance formed

between Great Britain, France, Austria and Dutch

Republic agains Spain.

1719

1720 Spain and Sicily – Treaty of Hague signed.

Sweden – Charles XII killed while invading

Norway; his sister Ulrika Eleonora elected queen;

she abdicates in favour of her husband Frederick I.

1721 Britain – 4 Apr-15 May 1730 – Sir Robert

Walpole became Prime Minster (Whig).

1721 Rome – 19 Mar – Pope Clement XI died.

8 May-7 Mar 1724 – Cardinal Michelangelo Conti

became Pope Innocent XIII.

Liechtenstein – Josef Johann Adam became

prince.

Rusia – Peter the Great acclaimed ‘Emperor of all

Russia’.

1722 Venice – Sebastiano Mocenigo elected doge.

1723 Summer Drought in York. 1723


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1724 -1743 Lancelot Blackburn, Archbishop of

York.

1724 Rome – 7 Mar – Pope Innocent XIII died,

29 May-21 Feb 1730 – Cardinal Pierfrancesco

Orsini became Pope Benedict XIII.

1725 Russia – Peter the Great died; Empress Catherine

I succeeds him.

1726

1727 Britain and Ireland – 11 June George I died,

aged 67.

11 June – 1760 George II became king.

1727 Russia – Peter II became emperor.

Iran – 18 November – Earthquake measuring

7.0Mw, epicentre in Tabriz.

1728

1729 7 April William Bryant and Robert Wheat

executed at Tyburn Gallows. 1729

1730 25 July John Chapello executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

21 August James Lambert executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

19 December Joseph Askwith alias

Sherling, Richard and John Freeman


1730 Britain – 15 May-11 Feb 1742 - Sir Robert

Walpole became Prime Minster (Whig). 1730 Rome – 21 Feb – Pope Benedict XIII died.

12 Jul-6 Feb 1740 – Cardinal Lorenzo Corsini

became Pope Clement XII.

Denmark and Norway – Christian VI became

king.

Russia – Peter II died of smallpox; Anna

Ioannovna became empress.

Chile – 8 July – Earthquake measuring 8.7Mw,

epicentre in Valparaiso.

China – 30 Sept – Earthquake measuring 6.5Mw,

epicentre in Beijing.

1731 29 March Benjamin Armitt, John Ward

and James Wood executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1731 Monaco – Antonio I died; his daughter Louise

Hyppolyte became sovereign princess.

1732 Liechtenstein – Johann Nepomuk Karl became

prince, aged 8; Joseph Wenzel acts as regent.

Venice – Carlo Ruzzini elected doge.

1733 Monaco – Honoré III became sovereign prince.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Augustus II

died.

1734

1735 Venice – Alvise Pisani elected Doge.

Naples and Sicily – Retaken by Spain during War

of Polish Succession. Charls V named king.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Treaty of

Vienna confirms Augustus as king.

Montenegro – Sava II Petrović Njegoš became

prince-bishop.



1737 Russia – 16 Oct – Earthquake measuring 8.3Mw,

epicentre in Kamchatka.

1738

1739 7 April John Stead executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

17 April Richard Turpin executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1739

1740 27 March William Spink Jr executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1740 Prussia – Frederick II became king.

Holy Roman Empire – Cardinal Prospero Lorenzo

Lambertini elected Pope Benedict XIV.

Russia – Emperess Anna Ioannovna died; Ivan VI

succeeds her, aged 18 months.

Rome – 6 Feb – Pope Clement XII died.

17 Aug-3 May 1758 – Pròspero Lorenzo

Lambertini became Pope Benedict XIV.

1741 11 April George Bainton, John Wright,

Joseph Tyson and John Barker executed

at Tyburn Gallows.

1741 Venice – Pietro Grimani elected doge.

Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia – Maria Theresa

became queen.

Russia – Ivan VI and his family imprisoned;

Tsarevna Elizabeth replaces him.

Japan – 29 Aug – Volcano eruption on Oshima

Island caused tsunami which hit western side of

Hokkaido.

1742 Britain – 16 Feb-2Jul 1743 – Spencer Compton,

Ist Earl of Wilmington became Prime Minister

(Whig).

1742 Germany and Holy Roman Empire – Charles VII

became king and emperor.

1743 -1747 Thomas Herring, Archbishop of

York. 1743 Britain – 27 Aug-6 Mar 1754 – Henry Pelham

became Prime Minister (Whig). 1743

1744

1745 Great Britain – The ‘Forty-Five’ Jacobite

rebellion; government forces defeated at Battle of

Prestonpans.

1745 Austria – Battle of Fontenoy.

Holy Roman Empire – Grand duke of Tuscany,

Franz I, became emperor.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1746 28 May Prince of Hesse at York.

1 November George Hamilton, Edward

Clevering, James Spark, Charles Gordon, Angus McDonald, James Mayne, Benjamin Mason, William Dempsey, ? Frazier and ? Conolly executed at Tyburn Gallows. 8 November David Row, William Hunter,

John Endsworth, John McClean, John McGreggor, Simon McKensie, Alexander Parker, Thomas McGennis, Archibald Kennedy, James Thompson and Michael Brady executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1746 Great Britain – Jacobites defeated at Battle of

Culloden. 1746 Spain – Ferdinand VI the Wise became king.

Denmark and Norway – Frederick V became

king.

1747 -1757 Matthew Hutton, Archbishop of

York.

1748 1748 Liechtentein – Johann Nepomuk Karl died; Josef

Wenzel returns as prince.

1749 26 March Josiah Feam, Thomas Brown

alias Clark and Sanderson, and Robert

Fawthorp executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1750 31 March Joseph Garbutt, Abraham Scott

and John Tiplady executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1750 Portugal – José I became king.

Montenegro – Vasilije III rules jointly as prince-

bishop.

1751 1751 Sweden – Adolf Frederick elected king.

Chile – 25 May – Earthquake measuring 8.5Mw,

epicentre in Concepción.

1752 11 April Robert Loveday and Benjamin

Farney executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1753 7 April David Harkness executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

28 April Edward Wells and Bezelial

Knowles executed at Tyburn Gallows.

2 August Thomas Downing and John

Wentworth alias Thomlinson executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

22 August William Smith executed at

Tyburn Gallows.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1754 28 January Two head stolen from

Micklegate-Bar by William Arundell, he

was imprisoned for 5 years.

17 August Joseph Riddell and Francis

Jefferson executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1754 Britain – 16 Mar-16 Nov 1756 – Thomas Pelham-

Holles, Ist Duke of Newcastle became Prime

Minister (Whig).

1755 1755 England and Ireland – The Portugal tsunami also

hit Cornwall and Galway. 1755 Persia – 7 June – Earthquake measuring 5.9Mw.

Portugal – 1 Nov – Earthquake measuring 8.7Mw,

epicentre in Lisbon, followed by tsunami.

America – 18 Nov – Earthquake measuring

5.0Mw, epicentre in Boston, Massachusetts.

1756 28 August David Evans, Richard Varley,

John Holdsworth and Elijah Oaks


1756 Britain – 16 Nov-25 Jun 1757 – William

Cavendish, 4th

Duke of Devonshire became Prime

Minister (Whig).

1757 30 March Mary Ellah executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

3 April George Trotter executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

30 July Thomas Cooper and Stephen

Tudear executed at Tyburn Gallows.

15 September Mob objected to new

militia laws, Cockpit-House and Mr.

Bowes house destroyed, outside

Bootham Bar.

-1761 John Gilbert, Archbishop of York.

1757 Britain – 2 Jul-26 May 1762 – Thomas Pelham-

Holles, Ist Duke of Newcastle became Prime

Minister (Whig).

1757 Venice – Francesco Loredan elected doge.

Prussia – Battle of Rossbach.

1758 1 May Matthew Bilton, William Watson,

Richard Ford, Robert Cole and George

Berry executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1758 Rome – 3 May – Pope Benedict XIV died.

6 Jul-2 Feb 1769 – Cardinal Carlo della Torre

Rezzonico became Pope Clement XIII.

1759 24 March Benjamin Windle and Henry

Nelson executed at Tyburn Gallows.

9 April Benjamin Hoult executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

6 August Eugene Aram executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

18 August William and John Cockburn


1759 Spain – Ferdinand VI died; his brother Charles III

became king.

Naples, Sicily and Spain – Charles V abdicates

in favour of his son Ferdinand III, Charles takes

the Spanish throne as Charles III.

Eastern Mediterranean – 25 Nov – Earthquake

measuring 7.4Mw.

1760 1760 Britain and Ireland – 25 October George II died,

aged 76.

United Kingdom - 25 October – 1820 George III

became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1761 6 March Ann Richmond executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1 August Robert King executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

19 August Edward, Duke of York, at

York, stayed at Mansion House.

-1776 Robert Hay Drummond,

Archbishop of York.

1762 8 January War formally declared in York

against king of Spain.

18 March George Harger executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1762 Britain – 26 May-8 Apr 1763 – John Stuart, 3rd

Earl of Bute became Prime Minister (Tory) 1762 Venice – Marco Foscarini elected doge.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Augustus III

died.

Russia – Empress Elizabeth died; Peter III

succeeds him but soon abdicates, succeeded by

Catherine II.

1763 14 March William Bell executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

30 July John Hall alias Bloom executed

at Tyburn Gallows.

1 December A hurricane was

experienced in York, weather vane and

part of minster’s battlement blown down,

several houses damaged.

1763 Britain – 16 Apr-13 Jul 1765 – George Grenville

became Prime Minister (Whig). 1763 Venice – Alvise Giovanni Mocenigo elected doge.

1764 31 March Charles Singleton Dorrington


15 August Abraham Clayton executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1764 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Stanislaw II

August Poniatoxski elected king and grand duke.

1765 31 March Joseph Hairee executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 1765 Britain – 13 Jul-30Jul 1766 – Charles Watson

Wentworth, 2nd

Marquess of Rockingham became

Prime Minister (Whig).

1765 Germany and Holy Roman Empire – Joseph II

became king and emperor.

1766 6 March Thomas Taylor alias John Scott

Abel Hobson and Isaac Turner executed

at Tyburn Gallows.

18 August Edward, Duke of York, at

York.

1766 Britain – 30 Jul-14 Oct 1768 – William Pitt the

Elder, Ist Earl of Chatham became Prime Minister

(Whig).

1766 Denmark and Norway – Christian VII became

king.

Trinidad and Tobago – 21 Oct – Earthquake

measuring 7.9Mw, epicentre in Saint Joseph.

1767 18 April Matthew Young and Richard

Clark executed at Tyburn Gallows.

10 August Ann Sowerby executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

17 October Thomas and Richard Boys


1767 Russia – Catherine the Great commissions a new

code of law.

Montenegro – Šćepan Mali claims to be Peter III

and allowed to rule.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1768 19 March Leonard Howson executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

25 July Joseph Hall and Thomas Lee


6 August Joseph Stell executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

31 August King of Denmark visited York,

stayed at Mr. Bluitt’s inn, Lendal.

1768 Britain – 14 Oct-28 Jan 1770 – Augustus

FitzRoy, 3rd

Duke of Grafton became Prime

Minister (Whig).

1769 3 April Valentine Bailey executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1769 Rome – 2 Feb – Pope Clement XIII died.

19 May-22 Sept 1774 – Cardinal Giovanni

Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli became Pope

Clement XIV.

1770 28 April David Hartley and James

Oldfield executed at Tyburn Gallows.

23 August Michael Naylor executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1770 Britain – 28 Jan-22 Mar 1782 – Frederick North,

Lord North became Prime Minister (Tory). 1770 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – Stanislaw II

August Poniatowski briefly dethroned and

imprisoned by the Council of the Bar

Confederation.

Haiti – 3 June – Earthquake measuring 7.5Mw,

epicentre in Port-au-Prince.

1771 18 March Luke Atkinson and John Wright


1771 Sweden – Gustav III became king.

Japan – 4 April – Earthquake measuring 7.4Mw,

epicentre near Yaeyama Islands, followed by

tsunami.

1772 21 March Thomas Lawrence and John

Lazenby executed at Tyburn Gallows.

22 October French ambassador, Count

de Guiges at York.

1772 Liechtenstein – Josef Wenzel died; his nephew,

Franz Josef I, became prince.

1773 15 March William Fisher, John Early and

John Homer executed at Tyburn Gallows.

November Mr. Powell in York, for his

wager of walking London to York and

back in 6 days.

1773 Montenegro – Šćepan Mali killed.

Guatemala – 29 July – Earthquake measuring

7.5Mw.

1774 2 April George Belt executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

25 July John Scott executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

6 August Robert Thomas alias Thomis


1774 France – Louis XV died; his grandson, Louis XVI,

became king.

Rome – 22 Sept – Pope Clement XIV died.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1775 30 March Captain John Bolton, William

Bean, John Vickers and Matthew

Normington executed at Tyburn Gallows.

29 July George Bulmer and John

Williamson executed at Tyburn Gallows.

19 August John Smith, Joseph Riddle

and Francis Jefferson executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1775 Rome – 15 Feb-29 Aug 1799 – Cardinal Count

Giovanni Angelo Braschi became Pope Pius VI.

1776 29 March Eliza Bordington and Thomas

Akeman executed at Tyburn Gallows. 1776 America – 4 July – Declaration of Independence

approved by Congress.

2 Aug – Declaration of Independence signed by

56 delegates of the Continental Congress.

1777 January A Press Gang was operating in

York.

28 July James Rice alias Michael Rice


September Earthquake felt in York.

-1807 William Markham, Archbishop of

York.

1777 England - September The earthquake felt in

York, was more seriously experienced in Leeds

and Manchester.

1777 Portugal – Maria I became queen.

1778

1779 30 July Thomas Green alias England

executed at Tyburn Gallows. 1779 Venice – Paolo Renier elected doge.

1780 Holy Roman Empire – Joseph II became sole

ruler.

Iran – 28 Feb – Earthquake measuring 7.4Mw.

1781 20 March William Meyers Esq executed

at Tyburn Gallows.

7 April Joseph Linwood executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1781 Liechtenstein – Alois I became prince.

1782 Street names placed at respective street

corners, for the first time in York.

May York prepares for possible French,

Spanish, Dutch invasion.

20 July Funeral and interment of the

Marquis of Rockingham at Minster.

23 July Francis Feam, John Cockroft,

John Wood and Thomas Greenwood


1782 England - Rumours of invasion by France and

Spain, assisted by Dutch, orders issued by

government for a general association, to enable

inhabitants to resist this invasion.

Britain – 27 Mar-1 Jul – Charles Watson-

Wentworth, 2nd

Marques of Rockingham became


4 Jul-2 Apr 1783 – William Petty FitzMaurice, 2nd

Earl of Shelburne became Prime Minister (Whig).

1782 Montenegro – Peter I became prince-bishop.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1783 30 April Charles Colwell executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

June Mr. Powell in York, for another


back in 6 days.

23 August William Emmerson, William

Field and John Riley executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1783 Britain – 2 Apr-19 Dec – William Cavendish-

Bentinck, 3rd

Duke of Portland became Prime

Minister (Whig).

19 Dec-14 Mar 1801 – William Pitt the Younger

became Prime Minister (Tory).

1783 Italy – 4-5 Mar – Earthquake measuring 6.9Mw,

epicentre in Calabria.

1784 22 March Lydia Dickinson executed at

Tyburn Gallows. 29 March John Stewart and Benjamin

Wood executed at Tyburn Gallows. 3 August William Asquith alias Sparling

and Thomas Knapton executed at Tyburn Gallows. Winter River Ouse frozen for 8 weeks,

coal cost 26s – 30s per Chauldron due to

land carriage.

1785 2 April Joseph Clough and William Riley


6 August John Beck, Charles Spencer,

Robert Smithson and Matthew Mason


1785 Germany – League of German Princes formed by

Frederick the Great against Austria.

1786 8 April Robert Watson Jr and Joseph

Hartley executed at Tyburn Gallows.

29 April James Proctor alias William

Smith executed at Tyburn Gallows.

19 August William Nicholson, John

Charlesworth, James Braithwaite, William

Sharp and William Bamford executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1787 7 April Daniel Goldthorpe, William Bryan,

Thomas West, John Thompson, John

Morritt and Timothy O’Brien executed at

Tyburn Gallows.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1788 February Meeting and petition drawn up,

signed by 1800 citizens, for abolition of

slavery.

5 April Eilijah and Joseph Pulleyn,

Catherine Savage, Thomas Greenwood,

David Lord, James Ashforth, John

Easlewood and Joseph King executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1788 Spain – Charles IV became king.

1789 23 March George Lockey executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

11 April Robert Wilkinson executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

3 August John Barker and Hannah

Whiteley executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1789 France – French Revolution starts.

Venice – Ludovico Manin elected doge.

America – 30 Apr-4 Mar 1797 – George

Washington became President.

1790 17 April John Stevens, Thomas Lastley,

George Moore, Edward Williams, John

Gill alias Best and James Hartley


14 August John Brigg, Robert

Crammam, William Howson, James

Ferguson and Henry Bell executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

August Mr. Powell in York, for another


back in 6 days.

1790 Holy Roman Empire – Leopold II became

emperor.

1791 9 April James Gould executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

6 September John Monitor, John Bennet

and Abraham Robertshaw executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1791 France – Louis XVI and his family flee but are

captures; he accepts new constitution.

Japan – Earthquake and eruption of Fugen-dake

volcano caused tsunami which hit Higo Province.

1792 26 March Elizabeth Elliot executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

12 April Spence Boughton, John Lucas,

Thomas Stearman, Thomas Crawshaw

and Joseph Brierly executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

July Mr. Powell in York, for another


back in 6 days.

1792 France – Declared a republic; Louis XVI and Marie

Antoinette beheaded.

Sweden – Gustav III assassinated; Gustav IV

Adolf became king.

Holy Roman Emperor – Franz II became Holy

Roman Emperor, archduke of Austria and king of

Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1793 12 April William Atkinson, Richard

Watson and Thomas Jewet executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

9 August John Hoyland executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1793 France – Exiled French Royalists declare Louis

XVII king.

Monaco – Comes under French control.

1794 12 April William Waddington executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

30 August Ann Scalbert and Thomas

Kirk executed at Tyburn Gallows.

1795 Wheat shortage, York bought large

quantity in Scotland.

30 March Charles Elliott executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

25 April George Fawcett, William Brittain,

Thomas Mann, William Brammam and

William Jackson executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

1795 France – Louis XVII died uncrowned and a

prisoner in the Temple prison; the Directoire rules

France.

Russia – Catherine the Great died; Paul I became

emperor

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – The

commonwealth ceases to exist.

1796 25 April Thomas Maclean, James Smith

alias Freeman Sutcliffe and Thomas

Burch executed at Tyburn Gallows.

18 July James Beaumont executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1796 France and Italy – Napoleon Bonaparte conquers

most of Italy.

1797 8 April Owen Pendegrass executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

29 August Robert Dyson executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1797 Venice – Napoleon invades; the doge is forced to

abdicate. Venice incorporated into Kingdom of

Italy, under French rule.

Peru – 4 Feb – Earthquake measuring 7.3Mw,

epicentre in Quito, Ecuadoe & Cuzco.

Indonesia – 10 Feb – Earthquake measuring

8.4Mw, epicentre in Sumatra.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1801 – John Adams

became President (Federalist).

1798 7 April Peter Buck, Robert Hollingworth

and George Ledger executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

18 August William Larkin executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1798 Rome – French occupy Rome, creating a Roman

Republic. Pope imprisoned after refusing to

renounce his temporal authority.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1799 15 July Richard Clegg executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1799 France and Italy – Coalition formed of Britain,

Austria, Russia, Portugal and Ottoman Empire

against French. Napoleon became First Consul.

French driven out of Italy.

Rome – 29 Aug – Pope Pius VI died in captivity in

Valance, France.

Naples and Sicily – Kingdom abolished, replaced

for 6 months by Parthenopaean Republic;

Ferdinand restored to throne.

1800 17 March Mary Thorp and Michael

Simpson executed at Tyburn Gallows.

12 April John McWilliam, Sarah Bayley

and William Dalrymple executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

23 August Elizabeth Johnson executed

at Tyburn Gallows.

1800 United Kingdom – Act of Union formally unites

Great Britain and Ireland as the United Kingdom. 1800 Etruria – Napoleon dispossesses Ferdinand,

grand duke of Tuscany, creates kingdom of

Etruria; crown prince of Parma crowned Louis I.

Rome – 14 Mar-20 Aug 1823 – Cardinal Count

Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti became

Pope Pius VII.

Holy Roman Empire – collapses with Treaty of

Lunéville between France and Austria.


6.5Mw, epicentre in San Diego, California.

1801 11 April Samuel Lundy executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

2 May James Doughty, Richard Holliday,

Edward Tattersall, George Sedgwick and

Thomas Hodgson executed at Tyburn

Gallows.

29 August Edward Hughes executed at

Tyburn Gallows.

1801 United Kingdom – 17 Mar-10 May 1804 – Henry

Addington became Prime Minister (Tory). 1801 Russia – Emperor Paul I assassinated; Alexander

I became emperor.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1809 – Thomas Jefferson

became President (Democratic-Republican).

1802 26 August James Roberts, Wiliam Barker

and William Jackson executed at gallows

behind Castle Walls.

1802 France – Napoleon Bonaprte created ‘First Consul

for Life’.

Romania – 26 Oct – Earthquake measuring

7.9Mw, epicentre in Vrancea region.

1803 14 March John Terry and Joseph Heald

executed at gallows behind Castle Walls.

2 April Robert Burgess executed at

gallows behind Castle Walls.

1 August Martha Chapel executed at


20 August John Mansfield executed at


1803 Etruria – Louis II became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1804 14 April Joseph Waller executed at


9 August Jonathan Ellis executed at


1804 United Kingdom – 10 May-23 Jan 1806 –

William Pitt the Younger became Prime Minister

(Tory).

1804 France – Napoleon crowned emperor.

Austrian Empire – Founded by Archduke Franz,

he became Emperor Franz I.

1805 18 March John Wilkinson and Ann

Heywood executed at gallows behind

Castle Walls.

29 May Benjamin Aldroyd executed at


1805 Bavaria – Became a kingdom with Treaty of

Pressburg, Maximillian I became king.

Liechenstein – Prince Alois I died; his brother

Johann I Josef became prince.

Italy – Napoleon takes control of most of the north

of the country; became king.

1806 5 April George Ormond executed at


6 May Peter Atkinson executed at gallows


16 August Thomas Richardson executed

at gallows behind Castle Walls.

1806 United Kingdom – 11 Feb-31 Mar 1807 – William

Wyndham Grenville, Ist Lord Grenville became

Prime Minister (Whig)’

1806 Netherlands – Louis Bonaparte named king of

Holland.

Liechtenstein – Napoleon incorporates into

Confederation of the Rhine, makes it a sovereign

state.

Württemberg – Became a kingdom; Duke

Frederick II assumes title of King Frederick I.

Austrian Empire and Holy Roman Empire –

Emperor Franz II dissolves Holy Roman Empire.

Naples and Sicily – Napoleon deposes

Ferdinand, replacing him with Joseph Boneparte.

1807 -1847 Edward Venables Vernon

(Harcourt), Archbishop of York.

5 April Thomas Jewett executed at


8 August Samuel Paramar and John

Robinson executed at gallows behind

Castle Walls.

1807 United Kingdom – 31 Mar-4 Oct 1809 – William

Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd

Duke of Portland became

Prime Minister (Tory).

1807 Westphalia – Kingdom created by

Napoleon;Jérȏme Bonaparte named king.

1808 28 March Thomas Allington executed at


20 April Thomas Wilbe, William Barber,

James Winterbotham and Edward

Strahan executed at gallows behind

Castle Walls.

1808 Spain and Portugal – Charles abdicates in favour

of his son Ferdinand VII.

Rome – Pope Pius VII taken prisoner by French.

Denmark and Norway – Christian VII died;

Frederick VI succeeds him.

Etruria – Kingdom revoked by Napoleon; restores

Grand Duchy of Tuscany ehich he gives to his

sister Elizabeth.

Naples and Sicily – Joachim I became king.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1809 20 March James Brown and Mary

Bateman executed at gallows behind

Castle Walls.

9 April Jonathan Graham executed at


20 August David Anderson executed at


1809 United Kingdom – 4 Oct-11 May 1812 - became

Prime MinisterSpencer Perceval became Prime

Minister (Tory).

1809 Sweden – Military coup ousts Gustav IV Adolf;

Charles XIII became king.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1817 – James Madison


1810 7 April Edward Francis Spence, Robert

King, Robert Vessey and Frances

Thompson executed at gallows behind

Castle Walls.

14 July Joshua Beaumont executed at


1810 United Kingdom – George III declared insane;

George, Prince of Wales became regent. 1810 Netherlands – Louis Napoleon forced to

abdicateto hs son Louis II, aged 5; Napoleon

invades and dissolves kingdom; became part of

French Empire.

Sweden – Jean-Baptiste Bernadote became king

Charles XIV John.

Crete – 16 Feb – Earthquake measuring 7.5Mw,

epicentre in Heraklion.

1811 Portugal – French driven out.

America – 16 Dec – Earthquake measuring

8.1Mw, epicentre in New Madrid, Missouri.

1812 6 April William Chester executed at

gallows behind Castle Walls. 1812 United Kingdom – 8 Jun-9 Apr 1827 – Robert

Banks Jenkinson, 2nd

Earl of Liverpool (Whig). 1812 America – 23 Jan – Earthquake measuring

7.8Mw, epicentre in New Madrid, Missouri.

7 Feb – Earthquake measuring 8.0Mw, epicentre

in New Madrid, Missouri.

8 Dec – Earthquake measuring 7.0Mw, epicentre

in Wrightwood, California.

21 Dec – Earthquake measuring 7.0Mw, epicentre

in Santa Barbara Channel, California.

1813 8 January Luddites George Mellor,

Thomas Smith and William Thorpe


16 January Luddites John Swallow, John

Balley, Joseph Fisher, Job Hey, John Hill, William Hartley, James Hey, Joseph Crowther, Matthew Boyle, James Haigh, Jonathan Dean, John Ogden, John Walker and Thomas Brook executed at gallows behind Castle Walls. 3 April John Senior, Henry Sutcliffe, John

Robinson, John James and Robert Turner executed at gallows behind Castle Walls.

1813 France – Napoleon defeated in Battle of the

Nations at Leipzig; allied forces enter Paris.

Spain – French driven out by Wellington;

Ferdinand II became king.

Westphalia – Ceases to exist after Battle of the

Nations.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1814 France – Napoleon abdicates, exiled to Elba;

Louis CVIII became king.

Lombardy – Kingdom formed; Franz I became

king.

Tuscany – Grand Duke Ferdinand restored.

Rome – Pope Pius VI freed by allied forces and

returns to Rome.

Norway and Sweden – Christian VIII of Denmark

elected regent, he abdicates; Norway forms union

with Sweden; Charles III of Sweden elected Karl II.

Hanover – Became kingdom following Treaty of

Vienna; GeorgeIII of UK became king.

Liechtenstein – Johann I Josef restored as

prince.

1815 8 April Joseph Blackburn executed at


5 August George White and Mark

Bramah executed at gallows behind

Castle Walls.

1815 France – Hundres Days War – Napoleon escapes

from Elba, marches to Paris; defeated at Battle of

Waterloo, exiled to St. Helena.

22 June-7 July – Napoleon II became emperor,

aged 4.

8 July – Louis XVIII restored as king.

United Kingdom of the Netherlands – formerly

unites Belgium and Holland.

Monaco – Became protectorate o Kingdom of

Sardinia; Honoré V became sovereign prince.

Portugal, Brazil and Algarve – Exiled in Brazil,

Queen Maria I elevates Brazil to status of

kingdom; she is proclaimed queen of United

Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve.

Prussia – Frederick William II restored as king.

Württemberg – Joins German Confederation.

Netherlands – Prince William of Orange became

William I.

Luxembourg – William I of Netherland became

grand duke.

Austria – Franz I restored as emperor.

Naples and Sicily – Ferdinand III restored to

throne.

Serbia – Serbs revolt agains Turkish rule; Milosh

Obrenovich became prince.

Grand Duchy of Posen – Frederick William III

became grand duke.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1816 A Provident Institution (Savings Bank)

established in York by John Dales and

S.W. Nicoll, at corner of New Street.

6 April James Ord executed at gallows


1816 Portugal – João VI became king.

Württemberg – William I became king.

Naples and Sicily – merged into the Kingdom of

the two Sicilies; Ferdinand I became king.

1817 17 March Michael Pickles executed at


12 April Dr. Diering and Benjamin

Gartside executed at gallows behind

Castle Walls.

7 July William King executed at gallows


13 August Isaac Bradshaw executed at


1817 America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1825 – James Monroe


1818 4 April Samuel Leatherhead executed at

gallows behind Castle Walls. 1818 Sweden and Norway – Charles XIII died; Jean-

Baptiste Bernadotte, king of Sweden became King

Karl III Johann of Norway.

1819

1820 15 May Joseph Clayton, Samuel King

and Samuel Booth executed at gallows


12 August Joseph Pickersgill, Charles

Puncheon, William Kettlewell and

Thomas Smith executed at gallows


1820 United Kingdom – 29 January George III died,

aged 81.

29 January – 1830 George IV became king.

1820 Hanover – George IV of UK became king.

1821 19 March William Thompson executed at


14 April Michael Shaw executed at


30 August Ann Barber executed at


1 September George Smith, James

Butterworth, James Bennet, William Buck

and James Law executed at gallows


1821 France – Napoleon Bonaparte died on St. Helena.

Greece – Start of The Greek War of Independence

against Turkish rule.

1822 6 April James Moseley and William

Roberts executed at gallows behind

Castle Walls.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1823 24 March William Johnson executed at


12 April James Ramsden and Robert

Gell executed at gallows behind Castle

Walls.

1823 Spain – Revolution fails.

Rome – 20 Aug – Pope Pius VII died.

28 Sept-10 Feb 1829 – Cardinal Count Annibale

Sermattei della Genga became Pope Leo XII.

America – 2 June – Earthquake measuring

7.0Mw, epicentre in Kilauea, Hawaii.

1824 30 November Morsire Camfield and

Michael White executed at gallows behind

Castle Walls.

1824 France – Charles X became king.

1825 23 April Richard Holderness executed at


13 August Isaac Charlesworth executed


1825 Bavaria – Ludwig I became king.

Russia – Alexander I died; Nicholas I became

emperor.

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Francis I The

Bourbon became king.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1829 – John Quincy

Adams became President (Democratic-

Republican).

1826 22 April Peter Little and Joseph Lee alias

Lees executed at gallows behind Castle

Walls.

17 July Leonard Wilkinson executed at


1826 Portugal – João VI died; Pedro IV became king

who si forced to abdicate; his daughter Maria II

became queen, aged 7, her uncle, Miguel, acts as

regent.

1827 1827 United Kingdom – 10 Apr-8 Aug – George

Canning became Prime Minister (Tory).

31 Aug-21 Jan 1828 – Frederick John Robinson,

Ist Viscount Goderich became Prime Minister

(Tory).

1827

1828 2 April William and John Dyon executed


26 April John Merton, Matthew Harrison

and John Coates alias Wilkinson


1828 United Kingdom – 22 Jan-16 Nov 1830 – Arthur

Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington became Prime

Minister (Tory).

1828 Portugal – Miguel deposes Maria II and proclaims

himself king.

1829 30 March Martin Slack executed at


1829 Rome – 10 Feb – Pope XII died.

31 Mar-1 Dec 1830 – Cardinal Francesco Saverio

Castiglioni became Pope Pius VIII.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1837 – Andrew Jackson

became President (Democratic).


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1830 5 April William Shaw executed at gallows


2 August Joseph Slater executed at


1830 United Kingdom – 26 June George IV died, aged

67.

26 June-1837 William IV became king.

22 Nov-9 Jul 1834 – Charles Grey, 2nd

Earl Grey

became Prime Minister (Whig).

1830 Hanover – William IV of UK became king.

France – Charles X abdicates in favour of his

grandson, Henri V for 7 days; Louis-Philippe Duc

d’Orleans became king.

Belgium, Poland, Italy and Germany –

Experience Revolutions.

Kingdoms of the Two Sicilies – Ferdinand II

became king.

Greece – Gain independence from Ottomans.

Montenegro – Petar II became prince-bishop.

Rome – 1 Dec – Pope Pius VIII died.

1831 5 October Charles Turner and James

Twibell executed at gallows behind Castle

Walls.

1831 Belgium – Leopold I became king.

Portugal – Pedro forces Miguel to abdicate; Maria

II restored to throne.

Rome – 2 Feb-1 Jun 1846 – Cardinal Bartolomeo

Alberto Cappelari became Pope Gregory XVI.

1832 18 October William Hodkin executed at

gallows behind Castle Walls. 1832 Greece – Otto I became king of the Hellenes.

1833 30 March Mary Hunter, Ebenezer Wright

and Thomas Law executed at gallows


1833 Spain – Isabella II became queen, aged 3.

Indonesia – 25 Nov – Earthquake measuring 8.8

– 9.0Mw, epicentre in Sumatra, followed by

tsunami.

1834 26 April Charles Cooke, Thomas Rogers

and Thomas Morris executed at gallows


1834 United Kingdom – 16 Jul-14 Nov – William

Lamb, 2nd

Viscount Melbourne became Prime

Minister (Whig).

14 Nov-10 Dec – Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of

Wellington became Prime Minister (Tory).

10 Dec-8 Apr 1835 – Sir Robert Peel became

Prime Minister (Conservative).

1834 -1839 Spain – Civil War (Carlist Wars)

1835 6 April Ursula Lofthouse, Joseph Heeley

and William Allot executed at gallows


1835 United Kingdom – 18 Apr-30 Aug 1841 –

William Lamb, 2nd

Viscount Melbourne became


1835 Austrian Empire – Ferdinand became emperor.

Lomabardy – Emperor Ferdinand became king.

Greece – Otto I takes personal control of the

government.

1836 2 April Charles Batty executed at gallows


1836 Portugal – Maria II marries Prince Ferdinand of

Saxe-Coburg.

Liechtenstein – Alois II became prince.

America – 10 June – Earthquake measuring

6.5Mw, epicentre in San Francisco Bay, California.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1837 12 August Thomas Williams executed at

gallows behind Castle Walls. 1837 United Kingdom – 20 June William IV died,

aged 71.

20 June – 1901 Victoria became queen, aged 18.

1837 Hanover – Separated from UK; Ernest-Augustus

became king.

Israel – 1 Jan – Earthquake measuring >7.0Mw,

epicentre in Galilee.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1841 – Martin Van Buren


1838 America – June – Earthquake measuring 6.8Mw,

epicentre in San Francisco Peninsula, California.

1839 6 April Thomas Musgrave executed at

gallows behind Castle Walls. 1839 Denmark – Christian VIII became king.

1840 11 April James Bradley executed at

gallows behind Castle Walls. 1840 United Kingdom – Queen Victoria marries Prince

Alber of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. 1840 Luxembourg – Grand Duke William abdicates;

William II of the Netherlands succeeds him.

Grand Duchy of Posen – Frederick William IV,

king of Prussia, became grand duke.

1841 7 August John Burlinson, Charles Gill

and Henry Nuttall executed at gallows


1841 United Kingdom – 30 Aug-29 Jun 1846 - Sir

Robert Peel became Prime Minister

(Conservative).

1841 Monaco – Florestan I became sovereign prince.

America – 4 Mar-4 Apr – William Henry Harrison

became President (Whig).

4 Apr-4 Mar 1845 – John Tyler became President

(Whig).

1842 9 April Jonathan Taylor and Robert Nall


1842

1843 America – 5 Jan – Earthquake measuring 6.3Mw,

epicentre in Marked Tree, Arkansas.

New Zealand – 8 Jul – Earthquake measuring

7.0Mw, epicentre in Wanganui.

1844 20 January Joseph Dobson executed at


28 December William Kendrew executed


1844 Sweden and Norway – Oscar I became king.

1845 America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1849 – James K Polk


1846 8 August John Rodda executed at

gallows behind Castle Walls. 1846 United Kingdom – 30 Jun-21 Feb 1852 – Lord

John Russell became Prime Minister (Whig) 1846 Rome – 1 Jun – Pope Gregory XVI died.

16 Jun-7 Feb 1878 – Cardinal Count Giovanni

Maria Mastai-Ferretti became Pope Pius IX.

1847 -1860 Thomas Musgrave, Archbishop of

York.

1847 Japan – 8 May – Earthquake measuring 8.4Mw,

epicentre in Chūbu region.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1848 8 January Patrick Reid executed at


13 May Michael Stokes executed at


1848 Europe – Revolutions in Milan, Naples, Venice

and Rome, Berlin, Vienna, Prague and Budapest.

France – Louis Pillipe abdicates; Louis Napoleon

became president.

Germany – Frankfurt National Assembly meets

gto discuss unification of Germany.

Bavaria – Ludwig I abdicates; Maximilliam II

became king.

Austrian Empire – Emperor Ferdinand abdicates

in favour of his nephew Franz-Joseph.

Lombardy – Franz-Joseph became king.

Rome – Pope Pius IX flees during rebellion and

rioting.

Denmark – Frederick VII became king.

Kingdom of the Sicilies – Franz-Jposeph

became king.

New Zealand – 16 Oct – Earthquake measuring

7.5Mw, epicentre in Marlborough.

1849 6 January Thomas Malkin executed at


31 March George Howe executed at


1849 Italy and Hungary – Revolutions crushed.

Grand Duchy of Posen – Territory reduced to a

province.

Russia – William III became grand duke.

America – 4 Mar-9 Jul 1850 – Zachary Taylor


1850 17 August William Ross executed at

gallows behind Castle Walls. 1850 America – 9 Jul-4 Mar 1853 – Millard Fillmore


1851 Hanover – George V became king.

Montenegro – Became a lay-principality; Danilo II

became prince.

1852 United Kingdom – 23 Feb-17 Dec – Edward

Smith-Stanley, 14th

Earl of Derby became Prime

Minister (Conservative).

19 Dec-30 Jan 1855 – George Hamilton-Gordon,

4th

Earl of Aberdeen became Prime Minister

(Whig).

1852 France – Napoleon III stages a coup, declares the

Second Empire, with him as emperor.

1853 15 January Alfred Waddington and

James Barber executed at gallows behind

Castle Walls.

9 April Henry Dobson executed at


1853 Portugal – Maria II died; Pedro V became king,

aged 15, Ferdinand II acts as regent.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1857 – Franklin Pierce



Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1854 Spain – Liberal revolution overthrows government.


epicentre in Honshu.


epicentre in Honshu.

1855 United Kingdom – 6 Feb-19Feb 1858 – Henry

John Temple, 3rd

Viscount Palmerston became


1855 Russia – Emperor Nicholas I died; Alexander II

succeeds him.

New Zealand – 23 Jan – Earthquake measuring

8.2Mw, epicentre in Wairarapa

Japan – 11 Nov – Earthquake measuring 7.0Mw,

epicentre in Tokyo, followed by tsunami.

1856 9 August William Dove executed at


27 December John Hannah executed at


1856 Monaco – Florestan I died; Charles III became

sovereign prince.

1857 America – 9 Jan – Earthquake measuring 7.9Mw,

epicentre in Fort Tejon, California.

Italy – 16 Dec – Earthquake measuring 6.9Mw,

epicentre in Naples.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1861 – James Buchanan


1858 3 April Joseph Shepherd executed at

gallows behind Castle Walls. 1858 United Kingdom – 20 Feb-11 Jun 1859 –

Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th

Earl of Derby became


1858 Liechtenstein – Johann II the God became prince

1859 6 August John Riley executed at gallows


31 December Charles Normington


1859 United Kingdom – 12 Jun-18 Oct 1865 – Henry

John Temple, 3rd

Viscount Palmerston became

Prime Minister (Liberal).

1859 Sweden and Norway – Charles XV became king

of Sweden and Karl IV of Norway.

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Ferdinand II died;

Francis II became king.

1860 -1862 Charles Thomas Longley,

Archbishop of York.

1860 Montenegro – Danilo II assassinated; Nikola I

Mirkov Petrović Njegoš became prince.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1861 United Kingdom – Prince Albert died. 1861 Monaco – Independent principality status

recognized by France in Franco-Monegasque

Treaty.

Portugal – Pedro V died in cholera epidemic; his

brother Luis I became king.

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Merged into the

Kingdom of Italy.

Italy – Vittorio-Emanuele II become king.

Russia – Tsar Alexander II abolishes serfdom.

Indonesia – 16 Feb – Earthquake measuring

8.5Mw, epicentre in Sumatra.

America – 4 Mar-15 Apr – Abraham Lincoln

became President (Republican).

1862 -1890 William Thomson, Archbishop of

York.

4 January James Waller executed at


1862 Württemberg – William I died, aged 83; Charles

became king.

Greece – Otto I flees, faced with revolution;

George I elected king, aged 17.

1863 Denmark – Christian IX became king.

Poland – Rebels unsuccessfully against Russian

rule.

New Zealand – 23 Feb – Earthquake measuring

7.5Mw, epicentre in Hawke’s Bay

1864 Bavaria – Ludwuig II became king.

1865 United Kingdom – 29 Oct-26 Jun 1866 – John

Russell, Ist Earl Russell became Prime Minister

(Liberal).

1865 Belgium – Leopold II became king.

America – 8 Oct – Earthquake measuring 6.5Mw,

epicentre in San Jose, California.

America – 15 Apr-4 Mar 1869 – Andrew Johnson


1866 United Kingdom – 28 Jun-25 Feb 1868 –

Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th

Earl of Derby became


1866 Germany – George V goes into exile in Paris.

Romania – Alexander Ioan Cuza forced to

abdicate; Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

elected dominator as Carol I.

1867 Austria and Hungary – Austro-Hungarian

Compromise formed following Hungary’s

dissatifaction with Austrian rule.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1868 4 April Frederick Parker executed at

gallows behind Castle Walls. 1868 United Kingdom – 27 Feb-1 Dec – Benjamin

Disraeli became Prime Minister (Conservative).

3 Dec-17 Feb 1874 – William Ewart Gladstone

became Prime Minister (Liberal).

1868 Spain – Queen Isabella deposed by revolution.

America – 3 Apr – Earthquake measuring 7.9Mw,

epicentre in Kau, Hawaii, followed by tsunami.

Chile – 19 Aug – Earthquake measuring 9.0Mw,

epicentre in Arica, followed by tsunami.

New Zealand – 19 Oct – Earthquake measuring

7.5Mw, epicentre in Cape Farewell.

America – 21 Oct – Earthquake measuring

6.8Mw, epicentre in Hayward, California.

1869 Württenberg – Absorbed by German Empire.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1877 – Ulysses S Grant


1870 France and Prussia – Franco-Prussian War;

Prussians besiege Paris; Napoleon III deposed.

Spain – Amadeo elaected king.

Rome – Papal States annexed by Kingdom of Italy

1871 Germany – Prussian King William I became

emperor.

America – 20 Feb – Earthquake measuring

6.8Mw, epicentre in Molokai, Hawaii.

1872 Sweden and Norway – Oscar II became king.

America – 26 Mar– Earthquake measuring

7.6Mw, epicentre in Owens Valley, California.

America – 15 Dec – Earthquake measuring

7.3Mw, epicentre in North Cascades, Washington.

1873 Spain – King Amadeo abdicates; a republic is

declared.


7.3Mw, epicentre in California - Oregon.

1874 United Kingdom – 20 Feb-21 Apr 1880 –

Benjamin Disraeli became Prime Minister

(Conservative).

1874 Spain – Monarchy restored; Alfonso XII became

king.

1875

1876 United Kingdom – Queen Victoria proclaimed

Empress of India 1876 India - Queen Victoria of UK, proclaimed

Empress.

Romania – Carol I leads troops in Russo-Turkish

War

1877 Chile – 10 May – Earthquake measuring 8.8Mw,

epicentre in Iquique.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1881 – Rutherford B

Hayes became President (Republican).


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1878 Rome – 7 Feb – Pope Pius IX died.

20 Frb-20 Jul 1903 – Cardinal Gioacchino

Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci became Pope Leo

XIII.

Italy – Umberto I became king.

Bulgaria – Pricipality created in Treaty of Berlin.

Romania – Gains independence form Ottoman

Empire.

1879

1880 United Kingdom – 23 Apr-9 Jun 1885 – William

Ewart Gladstone became Prime Minister (Liberal). 1880 Croatia – 9 Sept – Earthquake measuring 6.2Mw,

epicentre in Zagreb.

1881 Romania – Principality became a sovereign

kingdom; Carol I crowned king.

Bulgaria – Prince Alexander assumes absolute

power.

Russia – Tsar Alexander II assassinated;

Alexander III succeeds him.

Turkey – 3 Apr – Earthquake measuring 6.5Mw,

epicentre in Chios Island.

India – 31 Dec – Earthquake measuring 7.9Mw,

epicentre in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

America – 4 Mar-19 Sept – James A Garfield


19 Sept-4 Mar 1885 – Chester A Arthur became

President (Republican).

1882

1883 Indonesia – 26-27 Aug – Volcano eruption of

Krakatoa followed by tsunami, hitting Java and

Sumatra.

1884

1885 United Kingdom – 23 Jun-28 Jan 1886 – Robert

Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd

Marquess of Salisbury

became Prime Minister (Conservative).

1885 Spain – Alfonso XII died; his pregnant wife, Maria

Christina, became a ‘child bearing regent’.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1889 – Grover Cleveland



Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1886 United Kingdom – 1 Feb-20 Jul 1886 – William

Ewart Gladstone became Prime Minister (Liberal).

25 Jul-11 Aug 1892 - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd

Marquess of Salisbury became Prime Minister

(Conservative).

1886 Spain – Alfonso XIII born as king.

Bavaria – Ludwig II abdicates and drowns himself;

his brother, Otto, became king with his uncle,

Prince Luitpold, acting as regent.

Austria-Hungary – Crown Prince Rudolf and his

mistress, Baroness Mary Vetsara, die in an

apparent suicide pact.

Bulgaria – Prince Alexander abdicates.

America – 31 Aug – Earthquake measuring

7.3Mw, epicentre in Charleston, South Carolina.

1887 Bulgaria – Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg elected

prince.

1888 Germany – William II became Kaiser (emperor).

New Zealand – 1 Sept – Earthquake measuring

7.1Mw, epicentre in North Canterbury

1889 Monaco – Albert I became sovereign prince.

Portugal – Carlos I became king.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1893 – Benjamin Harrison


1890 Luxembourg – Grand Duke William III died;

Adolphe succeeds him, aged 73.

America – 24 Apr – Earthquake measuring

6.3Mw, epicentre in Corralitos, California.

1891 William Connor Magee, Archbishop of

York.

-1908 William Dalrymple Maclagan,

Archbishop of York.

1891 Portugal – Portuguese Republican Revolution.

Württemberg – William II became king.

Japan – 27 Oct – Earthquake measuring 8.0Mw,

epicentre in Tōkai region.

1892 United Kingdom – 15 Aug-2 Mar 1894 – William

Ewart Gladstone became Prime Minister (Liberal). 1892 America – 19 Apr – Earthquake measuring

6.4Mw, epicentre in Vacaville, California.

America – 21 Apr – Earthquake measuring

6.4Mw, epicentre in Winters, California.

1893 New Zealand – 12 Feb – Earthquake measuring

6.9Mw, epicentre in Nelson.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1897 – Grover Cleveland


1894 United Kingdom – 5 Mar-22 Jun 1895 –

Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery became

Prime Minister (Liberal).

1894 Russia – Alexander III died; Nicholas II became

tsar.

1895 United Kingdom – 25 Jun-11 Jul 1902 – Robert

Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd

Marquess of Salisbury


1895 America – 31 Oct – Earthquake measuring

6.6Mw, epicentre in Charleston, Missouri.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1896 Greece – 6 Apr-15 Apr – Olympic Games held in

Athens (I Summer).

Japan – 15 June – Earthquake measuring 8.0Mw,

epicentre off Pacific Coast of Sanriku, followed by

tsunami.

1897 United Kingdom – Queen Victoria celebrates her

Diamond Jubilee. 1897 India – 15 April – Earthquake measuring 8.3Mw,

epicentre in Assam.

America – 4 Mar-14 Sept 1901 – William

McKinley became President (Republican)

20 June – Earthquake measuring 6.3Mw,

epicentre in Calaveras Fault, California.

1898 Austria-Hungary – Emporess Elisabeth

assassinated.

America – 31 March – Earthquake measuring

6.3Mw, epicentre in Mare Island, California.

America – 15 April – Earthquake measuring

6.8Mw, epicentre in Menocino County, California.

1899 America – 4 Sept – Earthquake measuring

7.9Mw, epicentre in Cape Yakataga, Alaska.

America – 10 Sept – Earthquake measuring

8.0Mw, epicentre in Yakutat Bay, Alaska.

1900 Italy –Umerto I assassinated; Vittorio Emanuele III

became king.

France – 14 May-28 Oct – Olympic Games held in

Paris (II Summer).

America – 9 Oct – Earthquake measuring 7.7Mw,

epicentre in Kodiac Island, Alaska.

1901 United Kingdom – 22 January Victoria died,

aged 81.

22 January – 1910 Edward VII became king.

1901 France – Church and State begin to separate.

Russia – Russian Social Revolutionary Party

(Bolsheviks) formed.

New Zealand – 16 Nov – Earthquake measuring

6.9Mw, epicentre in Cheviot.

America – 14 Sept- 4 Mar 1909 – Theodore

Roosevelt became President (Republican).

1902 United Kingdom – 11 Jul-5 Dec 1905 – Arthur

Balfour became Prime Minister (Conservative). 1902

1903 Serbia – King Alexander assassinated; Peter I

succeeds him.

Rome – 20 Jul – Pope Leo XIII died.

4 Aug-20 Aug 1914 – Cardinal Giuseppe

Melchoirre Sarto became Pope Pius X.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1904 America – 1 Jul-23 Nov – Olympic Games held in

St. Louis (III Summer).

1905 United Kingdom – 5 Dec-7 Apr 1908 – Sir Henry

Campbell-Bannerman became Prime Minister

(Liberal).

1905 Luxembourg – William IV became grand duke.

Sweden and Norway – Sweden recognizes

Norway as independent constitutional monarchy;

Haakon VII became king of Norway.

1906 Denmark – Frederick VIII became king.

Greece – 22 Apr-2 May – International Games

held in Athens.

1907 Sweden – Gustav V became king.

1908 United Kingdom – 7 Apr-25 May 1915 – Herbert

Henry Asquith became Prime Minister (Liberal).

27 Apr-31 Oct – Olympic Games held in London

(IV Summer).

1908 Portugal – Carlos I assassinated; Manuel II

became king.

Austria-Hungary – Annexes Bosnia and

Herzegovina.

Bulgaria – Declares independence from Turkey;

Prince Ferdinand I became tsar.

Greece – Crete unifies with Greece.

Italy – 28 Oct – Earthquake, epicentre in Messina,

followed by tsunami.

1909 -1928 Cosmo Gordon Lang, Archbishop

of York.

1909 Belgium – Albert I became king.

American – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1913 – William Howard

Taft became President (Republican).

1910 United Kingdom – 6 May Edward VII died, aged

68

6 May – 1936 George V became king.

1910 Portugal – Revolution breaks out; Manuel II flees.

Montenegro – Prince Nikola I assumes title of

king.

1911 Portugal – Monarchy abolished a republic

declared.

1912 Luxembourg – Marie-Adélaïde became grand

duchess.

Denmark – Christian X became king.

Sweden – 5 May-22 Jul – Olympic Games held in

Stockholm. (V Summer).

1913 Bavaria – Ludwig III became king, having deposed

Otto.

Greece – George I assassinated; Constantine I

became king.

Albania – William of Wied became sovereign.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1921 – Woodrow Wilson



Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1914 -1918 United Kingdom – First World War 1914 -1918 – First World War.

Austria-Hungary – Archduke Franz Ferdinand

assinated.

Rome – 20 Aug – Pope Pius X died.

3 Sept-22 Jan 1922 – Cardinal Giacomo Della

Chiesa became Pope Benedict XV.

Albania – Prince William goes into exile.

1915 United Kingdom – 25 May-7 Dec 1916 - Herbert

Henry Asquith became Prime Minister (Liberal). 1915

1916 United Kingdom – 7 Dec-19 Oct 1922 – David

Lloyd George became Prime Minister (Liberal). 1916 Romania – King Carol I died; Ferdinand I

succeeded him.

Germany – Olympic Games scheduled to be held

in Berlin, cancelled due to WWI (VI Summer).

1917 United Kingdom – George V changes the royal

name from Saxe-Coburg to Windsor. 1917 Montenegro – Royal family flees to Italy.

Greece – Constantine I forced to abdicate in

favour of his son Alexander I.

Russia – Tsar Nicholas III forced to abdicate and

imprisoned by Bolsheviks.

1918 Germany – Revolution breaks out; William II

abdicates; a republic is declared.

Bavaria – Ludwig III deposed.

Württemberg – William II deposed by revolution.

Austria-Hungary – Archduke Karl I steps down

but does not abdicate.

Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia – Peter I returns

from exile to be elected king; Crown Prince

Alexander acts as regent.

Montenegro – King Nikola I goes into exile in

France.

Bulgaria – Tsar Ferdinand I abdicates; his son,

Boris III succeeds him

Russia – 17 July – Tsar Nicholas and his family

executed by Bolsheviks.

1919 Luxembourg – Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde

abdicates and enters a convent; her sister

Charlotte succeeds her.

Germany – Adopts the Weimar Constitution.

Austria-Hungary – Treaty of St. Germain ends

Habsburg monarchy; Czechoslovakia, Poland,

Yugoslavia and Hungary gain independence.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1920 Greece – Alexander I died; Constantine I

reinstated as king.

Belgium – 20 Apr-12 Sept – Olympic Games held

in Antwerp (VII Summer).

1921 Bavaria – Former King Ludwig died in exile.

Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia – Alexander II

became king.

Montenegro – Former King Nikola I died in exile.

America – 4 Mar-2 Aug 1923 – Warren G Harding


1922 United Kingdom – 23 Oct-20 May 1923 –

Andrew Bonar Law became Prime Minister

(Conservative).

1922 Monaco – Louis II became sovereign prince.

Rome – 22 Jan – Pope Benedict XV died.

6 Feb-10 Jan 1939 – Cardinal Achille Ambrogio

Damiano Ratti became Pope Pius XI.

Romania - Ferdinand I crowned king.

Greece – Constantine I abdicates again, hies

eldest son became George II.

1923 United Kingdom – 23 May-16 Jan 1924 –

Stanley Baldwin became Prime Minister

(Conservative).

1923 Spain – General Primo de Rivera became dictator.

Greece – George II goes into exile in Romania,

following a coup.

Japan – 1 Sept – Earthquake, epicentre in Tokyo

and Yokohama, followed by tsunami.

America – 2 Aug-4 Mar 1829 – Calvin Coolridge


1924 United Kingdom – 22 Jan-4 Nov – Ramsey

MacDonald became Prime Minister (Labour).

4 Nov-5 Jun 1929 – Stanley Baldwin became


1924 Greece – George II officially deposed and stripped

of his Greek nationality.

Russia – Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich became

head of the imperial family; he spends his exile in

France.

France – 25 Jan-4 Feb – Olympic Games held in

Chamonix (I Winter).

4 May-27 Jul – Olympic Games held in Paris (VIII

Summer).

1925

1926

1927 Romania – Michael I became king, aged 6; a

regent acts on his behalf.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1928 -1942 William Temple, Archbishop of

York.

1928 Albania – Ahmed Bey Zogu became king.

Switzerland – 11 Feb-19 Feb – Olympic Games

held in St. Moritz (II Winter).

Netherlands – 17 May-12 Aug – Olympic Games

held in Amsterdam (IX Summer).

1929 United Kingdom – 5 Jun-24 Aug 1931 – Ramsey

MacDonald became Prime Minister (Labour). 1929 Rome – The State of the Vatican City is created.

Liechtenstein – Johann II the Good died; his

brother Franz I became prince.

Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia – King Alexander

introduces a personal dictatorship, changes name

of country to Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

New Zealand – 9 Mar – Earthquake measuring

7.1Mw, epicentre in Arthur’s Pass

17 Jun – Earthquake measuring 7.8Mw, epicentre

in Murchison.

Newfoundland – 18 Nov – Earthquake measuring

7.2Mw, followed by tsunami.

America – 4 Mar-4 Mar 1933 – Herbert Hoover


1930 Romania – Carol II became king.

1931 United Kingdom – Statute of Westminster makes

dominions of the British Empire self-governing.

24 Aug-7 Jun 1935 – Ramsey MacDonald

became Prime Minister (Labour)

1931 Spain – Second Spanish Republic declared; King

Alfonso XIII leaves country but refuses to abdicate.





1932 Portugal – Former King Manuel II died in exile.

America – 4 Feb-15 Feb - Olympic Games held in

Lake Placid (III Winter).

30 Jul-14 Aug - Olympic Games held in Los

Angeles (X Summer).

1933 Japan – 3 Mar – Earthquake measuring 8.1Mw,


America – 4 Mar-12 Apr 1945 – Franklin D

Roosevelt became President (Democratic).


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1934 Belgium – King Albert I died; Leopold III succeeds

him.

Yogoslavia – Alexander I assassinated; Peter II

became king, aged 11.

Bulgaria – A coup establishes a dictatorship.

New Zealand – 5 Mar – Earthquake measuring

7.6Mw, epicentre in Pahiatua

1935 United Kingdom – 7 Jun-28 May 1937 – Stanley

Baldwin became Prime Minister (Conservative). 1935 Greece – George II restored to throne

Bulgaria – Boris II stages a counter-coup and

regains control, introducing a form of parliamentary

rule.

1936 United Kingdom – 20 January George V died,

aged 70

20 Jan – Edward VIII became king.

11 Dec – Edward VIII abdicated.

11 Dec-1952 – George VI became king.

1936 -1939 Spain – Spanish Civil War.

Germany – 6 Feb-16 Feb - Olympic Games held

in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (IV Winter).

1 Aug-16 Aug - Olympic Games held in Berlin (XI

Summer).

1937 United Kingdom – 28 May-3 Sept 1939 – Neville

Chamberlain became Prime Minister

(Conservative).

1937

1938 Liechtenstein – Franz I abdicates; Franz Josef II

became prince.

Russia – Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich claims

role of head of imperial family.

1939 -1945 United Kingdom – World War II

3 Sept-10 May 1940 – Neville Chamberlain


1939 -1945 – World War II

Rome – 10 Feb – Pope Pius XI died.

2 Mar-9 Oct 1958 – Cardinal Eugenio Giuseppe

Giovanni Pacelli became Pope Pius XIII.

Albania – King Zog goes into exile; Vitorio

Emanuele III became king.

1940 United Kingdom – 10 May-23 May 1945 –

Winston Churchill became Prime Minister

(Conservative).

1940 Romania – King Carol II forced to abdicate and

goes into exile; his son Michael restored to throne,

aged 18.

Japan – Olympic Games scheduled to be held in

Sapporo, cancelled due to WWII (V Winter).

Olympic Games scheduled to be held in Tokyo,

cancelled due to WWII (XII Summer).

1941 Spain – Former King, Alfonso died, in Rome.

Greece – Germans invade; George II flees to

Egypt.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1942 -1955 Cyril Forster Garbett, Archbishop of

York.

1942 New Zealand – 24 Jun – Earthquake measuring


New Zealand – 2 Aug – Earthquake measuring


1943 Bulgaria – Tsar Boris II died; his son, Simeon,

succeeds him aged 6, under a council of regents.

1944 United Kingdom - Olympic Games scheduled to

be held in London, cancelled due to WWII (XIII

Summer).

1944 Japan – 7 Dec – Earthquake measuring 8.0Mw,

epicentre of Shima Peninsula, followed by

tsunami.

Italy - Olympic Games scheduled to be held in

Cortina d’Ampexzzo, cancelled due to WWII (V

Winter).

1945 United Kingdom – 10 May-26 Jul – Winston

Churchill became Prime Minister (Conservative).

25 Jul-26 Oct 1951 – Clement Attlee became

Prime Minister (Labour).

1945 Yogoslavia – Peter II exiled to United States.

when Marshal Tito comes to power and abolishes

monarchy.

America – 12 Apr-20 Jan 1953 – Harry S Truman


1946 Belgium – King Leopold III exonerated of treason.

Italy – Vittorio Emanuelle III retires; Umberto II

replaces him but Italian pubil favour a republic.

Hungary – Republic of Hungary founded.

Bulgaria – Communists seize control; send King

Simeon into exile in Egypt.

Greece – George II restored to throne again.

Aleutian Islands – 1 Apr – Earthquake, followed

by tsunami.

New Zealand – 24 Jun – Earthquake measuring

6.2Mw, epicentre in Lake Coleridge.


epicentre in Nankai, followed by tsunami.

1947 Denmark – Frederick IX became king.

Romania – King Michael I forced to abdicate;

Communist government announces abolition of

monarchy and replacement by a People’s

Republic.

Greece – George II died; his brother, Paul,

became king.

1948 United Kingdom – Prince Charles born.

29 Jul-14 Aug – Olympic Games held in London

(XIV Summer)

1948 Switzerland – 30 Jan-8 Feb – Olympic Games

held in St. Moritz (V Winter)


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1949 Monaco – Prince Rainier became sovereign

prince.

1950 United Kingdom – Princess Anne born. 1950 Belgium – Leopold III returns to throne, having

been a prisoner during WWII.

Sweden – Gustav VI Adolf became king, aged 67.

1951 United Kingdom – 26 Oct-7 Apr 1955 – Sir

Winston Churchill became Prime Minister

(Conservative).

1951 Belgium – Leopold abdicates after riots; his son,

Baudouin, became king.

1952 United Kingdom – 6 February George VI died,

aged 56.

6 February Elizabeth II became queen.

1952 Russia – 5 Nov – Tsunami on Kuril Island.

Norway – 14 Feb-25 Feb – Olympic Games held

in Oslo (VI Winter).

Finland – 19 Jul-3 Aug – Olympic Games held in

Helsinki (XV Summer).

1953 Romania – Former King Carol II died, in Portugal.

America – 20 Jan-20 Jan 1961 – Dwight D

Eisenhower became President (Republican).

1954

1955 United Kingdom – 7 Apr-10 Jan 1957 –Sir

Anthony Eden became Prime Minister

(Conservative).

1955 Bavaria – Crown Prince Rupprecht died; Duke

Albrecht became titular king.

1956 -1961 Arthur Michael Ramsey,

Archbishop of York.

1956 Monaco – Prince Ranier III marries American

actress Grace Kelly.

Italy – 26 Jan-5 Feb – Olympic Games held in

Cortina d’Ampezzo (VII Winter).

Australia – 22 Nov-8 Dec - Olympic Games held

in Melbourne (XVI Summer)

Sweden – 10 Jun-17 Jun – Olympic Games held

in Stockholm (Equestrian – XVI Summer).

1957 United Kingdom – 10 Jan-19 Oct 1963 – Harold

Macmillan became Prime Minister (Conservative). 1957 Norway – Haakon VII died; Olav V became king.

1958 United Kingdom – Prince Charles given title of

Prince of Wales. 1958 Rome – 9 Oct – Pope Pius XII died.

28 Oct-3 Jun 1963 – Cardinal Angelo Giuseppe

Roncalli became Pope John XXIII.

America – 9 Jul – Earthquake followed by

tsunami which hit Lituya Bay, Alaska.

1959


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1960 United Kingdom – Prince Andrew born. 1960 America – 18 Feb-28 Feb – Olympic Games held

in Squaw Valley (VIII Winter).

Chile – 22 May – Earthquake measuring 9.5Mw,

epicentre off coast of South Central Chile and

volcanic eruption, followed by tsunami.

Italy – 25 Aug-11 Sept – Olympic Games held in

Rome (XVII Summer).

18Sept-25 Sept – Paralympic Games held in

Rome (I Summer).

1961 -1974 Frederick Donald Coggan,

Archbishop of York.

1961 Albania – King Zog died in exile in France.

America – 20 Jan-22 Nov 1963 – John F

Kennedy became President (Democratic).

1962

1963 United Kingdom – 19 Oct-16 Oct 1964 – Sir Alec

Douglas-Home, 14th Earl of Home became Prime

Minister (Conservative).

1963 Rome – 3 Jun – Pope John XXIII died.

21 Jun-6 Aug 1978 – Cardinal Giovanni Battista

Enrico Antonio Maria Montini became Pope Paul

VI.

Italy – 9 Oct – Landslide at Vajont Dam caused

‘tsunami’ destroying villages of Longarone, Pirago,

Rivalta, Villanova and Faè.

America – 22 Nov-20 Jan 1969 – Lyndon B

Johnson became President (Democratic).

1964 United Kingdom – Prince Edward born.

16 Oct-19 Jun 1970 – Harold Wilson became

Prime Minister (Labour).

1964 Luxembourg – Grand Duchess Charlotte

abdicates in favour of her son; Prince Jean.

Greece – Constantine II became king.

Austria – 29 Jan-9 Feb – Olympic Games held in

Innsbruck (IX Winter).

America – 27 Mar – Earthquake measuring

9.2Mw, followed by tsunami which hit Alaska,

British Columbia and California.

Japan – Earthquake, epicentre in Niigata, followed

by tsunami.

10 Oct-24 Oct – Olympic Games held in Tokyo

(XVIII Summer).

3 Nov-12 Nov – Paralympic Games held in Tokyo

(II Summer).

1965

1966


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1967 Greece – A military junta abolishes monarchy;

Constantine II goes into exile.

1968 France – 6 Feb-18 Feb – Olympic Games held in

Grenoble (X Winter).

New Zealand – 24 May– Earthquake measuring

7.1Mw, epicentre in Inangahua Junction.

Mexico – 12 Oct-27 Oct – Olympic Games held in

Mexico City (XIX Summer).

Israel- 4 Nov-13 Nov – – Paralympic Games held

in Tel Aviv (III Summer).

1969 America – 20 Jan-9 Aug 1974 – Richard Nixon


1970 United Kingdom – 19 Jun-4 Mar 1974 – Edward

Heath became Prime Minister (Conservative). 1970 Yugoslavia – Titular King Peter II died; his son,

Aleksander Karađorđević, became crown prince.

1971

1972 Denmark – Margarethe II became queen.

Japan – 3 Feb-13 Feb – Olympic Games held in

Sapporo (XI Winter).

West Germany – 2 Aug-1 Aug – – Paralympic

Games held in Heidelberg (IV Summer).

26 Aug-11 Sept – Olympic Games held in Munich

(XX Summer).

1973 Sweden – Carl XVI Gustav became king.

Greece – Declared a republic.

1974 -1983 Stuart Yarworth Blanch,

Archbishop of York. 1974 United Kingdom – 4 Mar-5 Apr 1976 – Harold

Wilson became Prime Minister (Labour). 1974 America – 9 Aug-20 Jan 1977 – Gerald Ford


1975 Spain – Dictator General Francisco Franco died;

monarchy restored; Juan Carlos I became king.

1976 United Kingdom- 5 Apr-4 May 1979 – James

Callaghan became Prime Minister (Labour). 1976 Austria – 4 Feb-15 Feb – Olympic Games held in

Innsbruck (XII Winter).

Sweden – 21 Feb-28 Feb – Paralympic Games

held in Örnsköldsvik (I Winter).

Canada – 17 Jul-1 Aug – Olympic Games held in

Montreal (XXI Summer).

3 Aug-11 Aug – – Paralympic Games held in

Toronto (V Summer).

Philippines – 16 Aug – Earthquake measuring

7.9Mw, epicentre in Mindanao Island, followed by

tsunami.

1977 United Kingdom – Queen Elizabeth II’s Silver

Jubilee. 1977 America – 20 Jan-20 Jan 1981 – Jimmy Carter



Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1978 Rome – 6 Aug – Pope Paul VI died.

26 Aug-28 Sept – Cardinal Albino Luciano

became Pope John Paul I.

16 Oct-2 Apr 2005 – Cardinal Karol Józef Wojtyla

became Pope John Paul II (First Polish Pope).

1979 United Kingdom – Lord Mountbatten killed by

IRA bomb.

4 May-28 Nov 1990 – Margaret Thatcher became


1979 Columbia – 12 Dec – Earthquake measuring


1980 America – 14 Feb-23 Feb – Olympic Games held

in Lake Placid (XIII Winter).

18 May – Eruption of Mount St. Helens caused

tsunami in Spirit Lake.

Norway – 1 Feb-7 Feb – Paralympic Games held

in Geilo (II Winter).

Netherlands – 21 Jun-30 Jun – Paralympic

Games held in Arnhem (VI Summer).

Soviet Union – 19 Jul-3 Aug – Olympic Games

held in Moscow (XXII Summer).

1981 United Kingdom - 29 July - Prince Charles and

Lady Diana Spencer marry at St. Paul’s Cathedral,

London

1981 Rome – Pope John Paul II survives being shot.

America – 20 Jan-20 Jan 1989 – Ronald Reagan


1982 United Kingdom – Prince William born. 1982 Monaco – Princess Grace killed in car crash.

1983 -1995 John Stapylton Habgood,

Archbishop of York.

1983 Japan – 26 May – Earthquake measuring 7.7Mw,

epicentre in Sea of Japan, followed by tsunami.

1984 United Kingdom – Prince Henry (Harry) born.

22 Jul-1 Aug – Paralympic Games held in Stoke

Mandeville (VII Summer/ second part).

1984 Austria – 14 Jan-20 Jan – Paralympic Games

held in Innsbruck (III Winter).

Yogoslavia – 7 Feb-19 Feb – Olympic Games

held in Sarajevo (XIV Winter).

America – 17 Jun-30 Jun – Paralympic Games

held in New York (VII Summer/first part).

28 Jul-12 Aug – Olympic Games held in Los

Angeles (XXIII Summer).

1985 Luxembourg – Former Grand Duchess died of

Cancer.

1986 Montenegro – Prince Michael died in Paris.

1987 United Kingdom – Princess Anne made Princess

Royal. 1987 New Zealand – 2 Mar – Earthquake measuring

6.3Mw, epicentre in Edgecumbe


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1988 Austria – 17 Jan-25 Jan – Paralympic Games

held in Innsbruck (IV Winter).

Canada – 13 Feb-28 Feb – Olympic Games held

in Calgary (XV Winter).

Souht Korea – 17 Sept-2 Oct – Olympic Games

held in Seoul (XXIV Summer).

15 Oct-24 Oct – Paralympic Games held in Seoul

(VIII Summer).

1989 Liechtentein – Franz Josef II died; Hans-Adam

succeeds him.

America – 20 Jan-20 Jan 1993 – George H W

Bush became President (Republican).

1990 United Kingdom – 28 Nov-2 May 1997 – John

Major became Prime Minister (Conservative). 1990 New Zealand – 13 May – Earthquake measuring

6.4Mw, epicentre in Weber

1991 Norway – Olav V died; his son Harald V became

king.

1992 United Kingdom – Prince Charles and Princess

Diana separate. 1992 France – 8 Feb-23 Feb – Olympic Games held in

Albertville (XVI Winter).

25 Mar-1 Apr – Paralympic Games held in Tignes-

Albertville (V Winter).

Spain – 25 Jul-9 Aug – Olympic Games held in

Barcelona (XXV Summer).

3 Sept-14 Sept – Paralympic Games held in

Barcelona (IX Summer).

1993 Belgium – Baudouin I died; his brother Albert II

became king.

Japan – 12 Jul – Earthquake measuring 7.8Mw,

followed by tsunami along coast of Hokkaidō.

America – 20 Jan-20 Jan 2001 – Bill Clinton


1994 Norway – 12 Feb-27 Feb – Olympic Games held

in Lillehammer (XVII Winter).

10 Mar-19 Mar – Paralympic Games held in

Lillehammer (VI Winter).

New Zealand – 18 Jun – Earthquake measuring

6.7Mw, epicentre in Arthur’s Pass

1995 -2005 David Michael Hope, Archbishop of

York. 1995 New Zealand – 6 Feb – Earthquake measuring

7.0Mw, epicentre in East Cape


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 1996 United Kingdom – Prince Charles and Princess

Diana divorce. 1996 Bavaria – Franz, duke of Bavaria, became titular

king.

America – 19 Jul-4 Aug – Olympic Games held in

Atlanta (XXVI Summer).

16 Aug-25 Aug – Paralympic Games held in

Atlanta (X Summer).

1997 United Kingdom – Princess Diana died in a car

crash in Paris, France.

2 May-27 Jun 2007 – Tony Blair became Prime

Minister (Labour).

1997 France - Princess Diana (UK) died in a car crash

in Paris.

1998 Japan – 7 Feb-22 Feb – Olympic Games held in

Nagano (XVIII Winter).


Nagano (VII Winter).

Papua New Guinea – 17 Jul – Earthquake

measuring 7.1Mw, followed by tsunami.

1999

2000 Luxemobourg – Grand Duke Jean abdicates in

Fvour of his son, Henri.

Australia – 15 Sept-1 Oct - Olympic Games held

in Sydney (XXVII Summer).

18 Oct-29 Oct – Paralympic Games held in

Sydney (XI Summer).

2001 America – 20 Jan-20 Jan 2009 – George W Bush


2002 United Kingdom – Queen Elizabeth II’s Golden

Jubilee. 2002 America – 8 Feb-24 Feb – Olympic Games held

in Salt Lake City (XIX Winter).

7 Mar-16 Mar – Paralympic Games held in Salt

Lake City (VIII Winter).

2003 New Zealand – 22 Aug – Earthquake measuring

7.1Mw, epicentre in Fiordland

2004 Greece – 13 Aug-29 Aug – Olympic Games held

in Athens (XXVIII Summer).


Athens (XII Summer).

New Zealand – 22 Nov – Earthquake measuring

7.2Mw, epicentre in Puysegur Trench.

Indian Ocean – 26 Dec – Earthquake measuring

9.3Mw, followed by tsunami which hit Ao Nang,

Thailand.


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 2005 John Sentamu, Archbishop of York. 2005 United Kingdom – Prince Charles marries

Camilla Parker-Bowles, she became duchess of

Cornwall.

2005 Monaco – Prince Renier died; Prince Albert II

became sobereign prince.

Rome – 2 Apr – Pope John Paul II died.

19 Apr – Cardinal Joseph Alois Ratzinger became

Pope Benedict XVI.

2006 Italy – 10 Feb-26 Feb – Olympic Games held in

Turin (XX Winter).

10 Mar-19 Mar – Paralympic Games held in Torino

(IX Winter).

Indean Ocean – 17 July – Earthquake measuring

7.7Mw, followed by tsunami, which hit Cilacap.

Kuril Island – 15 Nov – Earthquake measuring


2007 United Kingdom – 27 Jun-11 May 2010 –

Gordon Brown became Prime Minister (Labour). 2007 Solomon Islands – 24 April – Earthquake

measuring 8.1Mw, followed by tsunami.

Japan – 16 July – Earthquake measuring 6.8Mw,

epicentre in Niigata, followed by tsunami.

New Zealand – 20 Dec – Earthquake measuring

6.8Mw, epicentre in Gisborne

2008 China – 8 Aug-24 Aug – Olympic Games held in

Beijung (XXIX Summer).


Beijing (XIII Summer).

2009 New Zealand – 15 Jul – Earthquake measuring

7.8Mw, epicentre in Fiordland.

America – 20 Jan – Barack Obama became

President (Democratic).

2010 United Kingdom – 11 May – David Cameron

became Prime Minister (Conservative). 2010 Canada – 12 Feb-28 Feb – Olympic Games held

in Vancouver (XXI Winter).


Vancouver (X Winter).

Chile – 27 Feb – Earthquake measuring 8.8Mw,



7.1Mw, epicentre in Darfield, Canterbury


6.4Mw, epicentre in White Island


Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 2011 United Kingdom – 29 April – Prince William

marries Catherine Middleton at Westminster

Abbey.

2011 New Zealand – 2 Feb – Earthquake measuring

6.3Mw, epicentre in Christchurch, causing ice tuble

off Tasman Glacier, producing ‘tsunami in Tasman

Lake.

Japan – 11 Mar – Earthquake measuring 9.0Mw

off Pacific caoast, followed by Tsunami.

2012 5 April Queen Elizabeth II distributes

Maundy Money at a service in the

Minster.

2012 United Kingdom – Queen Elizabeth II’s Diamond

Jubilee.

27 Jul- 12 Aug – Olympic Games held in London

(XXX Summer).

29 Aug-9 Sept – Paralympic Games held in

London (XIV Summer).

2012

2013

2014 Russia – 7 Mar-16 Mar – Paralympic Games to be

held in Sochi (XI Winter).

2015

2016 Brazil – 7 Sept-18 Sept – Paralympic Games to

be held in Rio De Janeiro (XV Summer).

2017

2018 Korea Republic – 9 Mar-18 Mar – Paralympic

Games to be held in PyeongChang (XII Winter).

Bibliography

Hargrove, W; History and Description of the Ancient City of York, 1818.

Kerr, G; Timeline of Kings and Queens, from Charlemagne to Elizabeth II, 2008.

Nicholls, R. A; Timeline of War, from Early Weaponry to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Beyond, 2008.

Dyer, A; The English Sweating Sickness of 1551: An Epidemic Anatomized, Medical History, 1997.

www.wikipedia.com

www.yorkminster.org

http://www.wikipedia.com/

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