time management, motivation, and the psychology of procrastination: understanding and teaching self-...
TRANSCRIPT
Time Management, Motivation, and the
Psychology of Procrastination:
Understanding and Teaching Self-
Regulatory BehaviorsPresented by Laurie Hazard, Ed. D., Bryant University, Smithfield, RI
www.lauriehazard.com
Innovative Educators’ Webinar www.innovativeeducators.org
Laurie L. Hazard
Objectives
Examine basic research findings Explore behavior change model Critique and understand flaws in current time
management pedagogy Identify psychodynamics of procrastination from
different theoretical frameworks Analyze and understand the cycle of procrastination Improve strategies for combating your students’ as
well as your own procrastination Discover tips to implement effective pedagogical
tools immediately
Laurie L. Hazard
Check Your Own Procrastination p. 2
Tasks that I am currently procrastinating about:
Other tasks I can recall procrastinating about in the past:
Is there a pattern - are there certain types of tasks I tend to procrastinate about?
How do I know when I’m procrastinating?
Do I have favorite replacement activities?
Laurie L. Hazard
Research
Procrastination is a self-regulatory failure that is not entirely understood (Steel, 2007).
Some assert that procrastination is not a problem of time management (Marano, 2007), yet twenty percent of people identify themselves as chronic procrastinators (Marano, 2007)
Self-regulatory behavior is at the heart of being successful in college (White & Kitchen, 1991).
The same study habits that contributed to success in high school are unrelated to college performance (Matt, Perchersky, and Cervantes, 1991)
Time management practices and the ability to combat procrastination are more predictive of first-year college achievement than SAT scores and high school grades combined (Hazard, 1997).
Laurie L. Hazard
Psychology of Adjustment
Definition of Psychology
New students must adjust their mental processes (mindset) and behaviors (strategies) to be successful in college in four areas:
Academic Social Emotional Intellectual
Laurie L. Hazard
Change Management: Transtheoretical Model http://www.uri.edu/research/cprc/transtheoretical.htm Dr. James Prochaska, University of Rhode Island, Cancer Prevention Research Center
Stages of Change Pre-contemplation: no intention to change Contemplation: individual has identified the
problem; pros and cons of change are weighed Preparation: individual decides there is a need
to action; specific plans and potential solutions are developed
Action: individual puts their plan into action and changes their behavior patterns
Maintenance: Individual works to prevent relapse and consolidates gains
Laurie L. Hazard
Applying The Model to Time Management
Pre-contemplation: I don’t need this (first-year experience class, this study skills course, a planner), I already know how to manage my time!!!!!!
Contemplation: I am so far behind in my work. I can’t keep up. I don’t know what to do.
Preparation: I am going to: the Learning Center, Academic Center for Excellence, a workshop, see a learning specialist, ask a friend for help, ask my mom what to do!
Laurie L. Hazard
Applying The Model to Time Management (continued)
Action: individual puts their plan into action and changes their behavior patterns: Prioritize To-Do Lists Goal Setting Daily, Weekly, Semester Planners
Maintenance: Individual works to prevent relapse and consolidates gains The maintenance stage is rarely not
reached…………….
Laurie L. Hazard
Roadblocks to Effective Time Management Practices
The concept of time management is a misnomer Time on task is rarely addressed Motivation and self-efficacy are not typically
assessed Procrastination behaviors and attitudes are not
identified Psychodynamics of procrastination are not
discussed Engagement is not measured Accountability is not created
Laurie L. Hazard
Psychodynamics To Be Considered Imposter Syndrome (McIntosh, 1986)
Lying Component (Hazard, 2012)
Types: Arousal Types: Wait for the euphoric rush Avoiders: Fear of Success/Failure Decisional: If I don’t make a decision, I
won’t be responsible for the outcome (Marano, 2007)
Laurie L. Hazard
Feeling Like A FraudImposter Syndrome
“I still believe,” confessed Mike Myers, “that at any time the No-Talent Police will come and arrest me.” Myers is not alone.
The question is, why do so many clearly smart, capable, successful people feel like intellectual frauds who are merely impersonating a competent person?
Dr. Peggy McIntosh, Wellesley CollegeDirector of the Wellesley Centers for Women
Laurie L. Hazard
Three Theoretical Frameworks Phenomenological Approach/Humanistic
Existential Carl Rogers
Psychoanalytic Approach Sigmund Freud
Social Cognitive Approach Bandura
Procrastinators Are Liars!
Procrastinators put themselves in the position of lying to themselves and lying to others
Laurie L. Hazard
Different Types Of Liars
Laurie L. Hazard
1. Absolute Integrity
2. Straight Shooter
3. Pragmatic Fibber
4. Pinocchio
Absolute Integrity
About how many times per day do experts estimate that most people lie?
Laurie L. Hazard
Straight Shooter
Differentiate between a straight shooter and a pragmatic fibber
Laurie L. Hazard
Pragmatic Fibber
Pragmatic Fibbers lie for various purposes like to avoid conflict
Laurie L. Hazard
Pinocchio
Students who end up in academic difficulty function in denial
Laurie L. Hazard
Laurie L. Hazard
Roger’s Theory Self-Concept
The thoughts, feelings, attitudes and behaviors that encompass who we are.
Rogers called this the “phenomenal field.”
Changes over the lifespan
Openness to Experience/Remove Obstacles Toward growth
I am FILL IN THE BLANK
Academic self-concept
Laurie L. Hazard
Academic Adjustment
I quickly learned that the rigorous academic program would require more time and effort than my other school. Not to mention a complete overhaul of my studying techniques. The first thing that hit me was that I was no longer able to get the most potential of studying when I try to study in my room. I would need to go to the Library or any quiet study lounge.
Laurie L. Hazard
A Student’s Phenomenal Field
Prof. Hazard showed little sympathy last year in my parents divorce, my depression and sickness (swine flu that lead to pneumonia). Even though I had an exam grade average of a B- she took away the entire 20% participation without letting me know that I was at risk of losing such a large chunk of my grade. When I would let her know why I was missing she would only send feel better emails, not please come see me etc. I thought I was being excused.
Freud’s Three Parts of the Personality 1. Id
2. Ego
3. Superego
Laurie L. Hazard
Id
The Pleasure Principle
Primary Process Thinking
Childlike behavior with the concern of getting wants and needs met
Laurie L. Hazard
Ego
Laurie L. Hazard
The Reality Principle
Secondary Process Thinking
Role is to gratify the id safely
Superego
Perfection Principle Family Culture Religion Values Society College or
University
Laurie L. Hazard
Rationalization
Laurie L. Hazard
Anxiety
Laurie L. Hazard
Identify Your Replacement Activities
Laurie L. Hazard
Delay Gratification
Laurie L. Hazard
Laurie L. Hazard
A Victim or A Volunteer
Provide A Task You Are Currently
Procrastinating About
Laurie L. Hazard
Bandura
Social Cognitive Approach Cognitive Dissonance
Select A Goal Monitor A Target Behavior Change Settings Establish Effective Consequences: Self-
Chosen Incentives Consolidating Gains: gradually remove
need for artificial support Social Support and Creating Accountability
Laurie L. Hazard
Solutions
Awareness of Behaviors That Produce Problems in Time Management (p. 3)
Anti-Procrastination Behaviors and Habits (p. 4-5)
Pay Attention To the Ways In Which Lies Function In Your Life (Lie Log Activity, p. 6)
Practice Behavior Change (p. 7) Stop Putting It Off! A Five-Step Plan for Die
Hard Procrastinators (p. 7) Enlist Social Support (p. 8-11)http://www.lauriehazard.com/files/Hazard_FoundationsForLearning.pdf
Laurie L. Hazard
Top Ten Anti-Procrastination Behaviors
1. Study in a regular place at a regular time.
2. Study during your periods of maximum alertness.
3. Limit your blocks of study time to no more than two hours at a time on any one course.
4. Set specific goals for each study unit.
5. Plan enough studying time to do justice to each subject
Laurie L. Hazard
Top Ten Anti-Procrastination Behaviors (continued)
6. Attempt to complete all assignments as soon as possible after your class.
7. Provide for a spaced review.
8. Plan a schedule of balanced activities.
9. Trade time—don’t steal it.
10. Enlist social support.
Five-Step Plan
Laurie L. Hazard
Expect difficulties Do a cost-benefit analysis Little steps for big feats Tune out negative thoughts Give yourself credit David D. Burns, M.D.
From “The Feeling Good Handbook” written by David D. Burns, M.D. The essay is titled, “Stop Putting it Off!: A five-step plan to get even the most die-hard procrastinator moving again.” Stop Putting it Off!: A five-step plan to get even the most die-hard procrastinator moving again
Resources
See pages12-15 in your packet
www.howtostudy.org
Thank you
Laurie L. Hazard
www.lauriehazard.com
[email protected] or [email protected]
Thank you for your participation!