till oklahoma crop rotationnotill.okstate.edu/.../useofcovercrops.pdf · 2017-05-19 · till...
TRANSCRIPT
No-
till O
klah
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No-
till O
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Silvano AbreuChad GodseyJeff Edwards
Cover Crop and Crop Rotation
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No-
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Soil Quality
Environment
Protection
ProdutivityBiological
Human, animal and vegetal health
Doran & Parkin, 1994
THE DESIRABLE INTERACTION
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Plan
t and
Soi
l Sci
ence
s Ex
tens
ion
Gas
es (C
O2)
Wat
er a
nd O
xyge
n
Roots
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Plan
t and
Soi
l Sci
ence
s Ex
tens
ion
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What are the Benefits
• Wheat after wheat– Breaks weed and disease
cycles
• Corn or Sorghum– Breaks weed and disease
cycles (shattercane and rye grass)
– Nitrogen $$$
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Nitrogen Contribution
Growing Environment Legume Density
Dry Matter (lb./ac)
N Contribution (lb N/ac)
Drought, poor fertility
Cowpea or Australian winter peas
1 legume/yd2 500-1,000 15 - 30
White CloverFull stand (3-4”
tall)500-1,000
15 - 40
Good Conditions
Soybean Full stand 1,000-2,000 20 - 60
Cowpea or Australian winter peas
Full stand2,000–3,000 50 - 95
Alfalfa, CloversFull stand (24-
36” tall)4,000–5,000 100 - 150
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Plan
t and
Soi
l Sci
ence
s Ex
tens
ion
Rye grass on cotton fieldSW Oklahoma
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Soil resistance, kPa0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Soil
dept
h, c
m
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
C-W-GSC-WC-GSW-DCGS-CCWGS
Rotations
Water content, g g-1
0.12 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.27Table of significance
Rotation / Tillage*** / ***
*** / ns
*** / *
*** / ***
*** / ***
* / ***
ns / ***
A
B
Soil resistance under different crop rotation, no-till (A) and conventional till (B) in southwest Oklahoma. Altus, OK, 2008.
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Crop Rotation ExperimentLocations: - Stillwater
- PerkinsRotation calendar
2008 2009 Crop/Rot. Mar/Abr Jul Sept Oct Mar/Abr Jul Sept Oct year
1 . . . Wheat . . . Wheat 2/22 Cowpea Crotalaria . Wheat . Pegeonpea . Wheat 5/23 Cowpea Pegeonpea . Wheat . Crotalaria . Wheat 5/2
4 Soybean . Austrian pea Corn . Radish+oat 4/2
5 Corn . Radish+oat Soybean . Crotalaria 4/2
6 Soybean . Millet Corn . Pegeonpea 4/2
7 Corn . Pegeonpea Soybean . Millet 4/28 Corn . . . Soybean . . . 2/29 Soybean . . . Corn . 2/2
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Biomass yields - Stillwater
Rotations
W/W
Cw/Cr/W/Pp/W
Cw/Pp/W/Cr/W
S/Ap/C/R+o
C/R+o/S/Cr
S/M/C/Pp
C/Pp/S/R+o/W C/S S/C
Biom
ass
yiel
d, lb
/ac
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000Cover cropCover cropCrop Total
CW
Cr
CwPpS
R+o
C
S
C C
S
Pp
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Austrian winter pea
Forage radish
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Treatments
NT-Oat NT-Radish+Oat Cult-Oat Cult-Radish+Oat
Infil
tratio
n la
yer,
in
0
20
40
60
80
100
c
ab
b
a
Water infiltration layer in a Oxisol heavy clay texture under different management and rotation. Nicoloso et al., 2008
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Plan
t and
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l Sci
ence
s Ex
tens
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November, 18th, 2008
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Plan
t and
Soi
l Sci
ence
s Ex
tens
ion
November, 18th, 2008
December, 15, 2008
January, 6th, 2009
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Pigeon pea
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Sun hemp
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Rotation Crop Sequence
1 Wheat-Cowpea-Milo
2 Wheat-Cowpea-Corn
3 Wheat-Austrian Winter Peas-Milo
4 Wheat-DC Soybean-Sunflower
5 Wheat-Canola-Soybean
6 Wheat-Wheat-Soybean
Treatment Strategy
A Nrich Strip
B Farmer Practice
C 0 lbs/N acre
D N based on Greenseeker
Garfield County Rotation Study
(Wheat 2 out of 3 years)
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Rotations
• Grain Sorghum-Austrian Winter Pea-Sunflower
• Wheat-Cowpea-Corn• Wheat-Cowpea-Grain Sorghum• Wheat-Austrian Winter Peas-Grain
Sorghum
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Wheat-Cowpea-CornCorn Yields
N StrategyN Applied (lb
N/ac)Average Yield
(bu/ac)
Nrich Strip 200 92 aFarmer Practice 125 87 ab
0 lbs/N acre 0 88 abN based on GreenSeeker 75+51 78 b
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Wheat-Austrian Winter Peas-Grain SorghumSorghum Yields
N StrategyN Applied (lb
N/ac)Average Yield
(bu/ac)
Nrich Strip 185 43 aFarmer Practice 125 36 a
0 lbs/N acre 0 40 aN based on GreenSeeker 75+0 38 a
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Grain Sorghum-Austrian Winter Pea-SunflowerSunflower Yields
N StrategyN Applied (lb
N/ac)Average Yield
(bu/ac)
Nrich Strip 100 905 aFarmer Practice 100 929 a
0 lbs/N acre 0 940 aN based on GreenSeeker 100 978 a
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Grain Sorghum Yield, 1996-2000
Gordon, 2001
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Wheat – Nitrogen Rates(Manhattan 1998-2000)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Nitrogen (lb/a)
Gra
in Y
ield
(bu/
a)
Following Grain Sorghum
Following Soybeans
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Conclusion
• Crop rotation offers several benefits for soil, environment, and farmer.
• There are several alternative crops that can be used as cover crops.
• Maintain soil cover as much as possible to enhance soil quality.
• Maintain flexibility by planting cover crops that could be cash crops.
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No-
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Thank you!!!Silvano Abreu
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences
368 Ag Hall
Oklahoma State University
(405) 744 9599
Dr. Chad GodseyDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences368 Ag HallOklahoma State University (405) 744 [email protected]