tilapia production in biofloc systems - ag.arizona.edus/yoram-tilapia using... · tilapia...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN
BIOFLOC SYSTEMS
YORAM AVNIMELECH
TECNION, ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY
![Page 2: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Tilapia production, a growing industry
Tilapia is becoming a very popular fish
and its production an important
aquaculture
industry
![Page 3: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Tilapia, an ideal fish for Biofloc Technology
Grow well in dense
cultures
•Resistant
•FILTER FEEDER
•Very few studies as
compared with
shrimp
![Page 4: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Fish Biomass
Normally, 20-30 kg/m2
10 times higher than shrimp BFT ponds!
![Page 5: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Implications:
High Biomass 20-30 kg/m3
High feeding (ca 500 g feed/m3 per day!)
Very high microbial activity
High floc volume (20-50 ml/l).
Very high natural feed storage.
High levels of feed residues
Need to drain out daily (or twice daily) excessive sludge.
Pond constructed to facilitate sludge draining and perfect mixing.
High and effective aeration: 10-20 hp/1000 m2 pond
![Page 6: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Drain bottom sludge twice daily till you get clear water
![Page 7: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bioflocs and Floc volume
Bio flocs are made of bacteria, protozoa,
feed residues etc.
Bioflocs size may reach
A few mm diameter
Effectively harvested
by tilapia
![Page 9: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
x
4
0
x
x20 x10
x10 x10
200 µm
200 µm 200 µm
F
l
o
Bio flocs are made of bacteria,
protozoa, etc. Typicaly their
diameter is 0.1-2 mm.
![Page 11: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Protein Recycling
Normally, fish or shrimp recover just ~25% of feed protein.
In bacterial controlled ponds, they eat the protein twice; Once in the feed and then they consume microbial protein. The protein
recovery reaches almost 50%.
Protein is the most expensive part of the feed.
![Page 12: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
BFT
control 1Expt. #
51 days
16.6 11.1 FEED C/N
2.0b 1.59a Daily Gain (%)
2.17 2.62 FCR
2.42 4.38 PCR
0.583 0.848 (US$/Kg fish)FEED COST Exp. # 2 (30 days)
16.6 11.1 C/N
2.22b 1.63a Daily gain (%)
2.02 2.62 FCR
2.18 4.35 PCR
0.543 0.848 Feed cost
(US$/Kg fish)
![Page 13: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Preparing an 15N tagged bioflocs:
1. Prepare large enough batch of biofloc
suspension (water + feed, mix & aerate).
2. Add 15N salt.
3. Add starch, at a C/N ratio of > 15
4. After a few hours, practically all 15N is in
the bioflocs.
![Page 14: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Results 1: % 15N in fish
% 15 N in fish
0.3000
0.3500
0.4000
0.4500
0.5000
0.5500
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
Days
% 1
5N
![Page 15: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Residence time of bioflocs
Bioflocs were taken up by fish and degraded biologically. Yet, the amount of bioflocs stayed almost constant. This implies that new flocs are constantly produced (using the excreted N).
The residence time of bioflocs was calculated to be around 8 hours. The flocs seem to be a very dynamic system.
most cells in the flocs are young and active.
![Page 16: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Data on feed protein utilization
Conventional fish, shrimp ponds 20-25%
BFT Tilapia ponds (Avnimelech) 45%
BFT Shrimp ponds (McIntosh) 45%
Closed shrimp tanks (Velasco) 63%
BFT shrimp ponds, 15N study 18-29% of total N
consumption (Michele Burford et al.)
* Tilapia, 15N Study, flocs supplied about 50% of
fish protein requirement. (Avnimelech).
![Page 17: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Feed Utilization
Fish or shrimp growing in BFT systems eat the pellets when applied, but eat bioflocs all the time.
Confirmed in a work done by Albert Tacon with shrimp.
Observations with tilapia.
Effects on lowering of FCR in tilapia production
![Page 18: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Fresh results from the field:
Tilapia fingerlings (120 g) stocked to over-
wintering facility on January 4, 2011.
Feeding ~ 1% BW
On February 18, they weighed 171 g
Daily growth of 1.16 g/fish
FCR = 0.5
![Page 20: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
OVER-WINTERING
![Page 21: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Results
Temperature and oxygen control
–Dissolved oxygen: 9 – 10 mg O2/L
–Average temperature: 18
2
C
![Page 23: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
AND SECONDARY INFECTION OF FISH BY STREPTOCOCCUS
Total infected Sick fish Dead fish Treatment
a)Injected
fish
11 2 (2) 9 (9) Control
16 4 (2) 12 (3) BFT
a)Non-
injected
fish
11 (4.7) 4 (1.5) 7 (5) High
exchange
3 (1.4) 1.3 (1.0) 1.8
(1.7)
ASP
High water exchange = 0.5l/min per kg fish (700% per day)
BFT< Limited water exchange = 10% per day
EFFECT OF WATER EXCHANGE RATE ON PRIMARY
Control
Control
BFT
BFT
![Page 24: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conclusions
Biofloc technology is especially adapted to raise
tilapia production up to 20-30 kg/m2.
This can be done using not too expensive system.
BFT enables feed recycling, high feed quality and
reduced expenses.
BFT reduces disease.
The system is friendly and forgiving.
More research is needed
![Page 25: TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS - ag.arizona.edus/Yoram-Tilapia Using... · TILAPIA PRODUCTION IN BIOFLOC SYSTEMS ... ISRAEL INST. Of TECHNOLOGY agyoram@technion.ac.il](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020100/5ab8f77c7f8b9ad5338d73ed/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thank You
Yoram