tidbits vernon 265 apr 1 2016 sugar online

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April 1 - 7, 2016 Issue 00265

TIDBITS® GOBBLES

SUGARby Janet Spencer

Sugar is everywhere. It forms the building blocks of carbohydrates, the most abundant type of organic molecules in living things. Come along with Tidbits as we swallow a spoonful of sugar!

SUGAR FACTS• Researchers note that sugar is not necessarily

a health problem, but the amount of sugar we consume is. Americans consume about 160 lbs (72 kg) of various sweeteners annually. � at’s around 50 teaspoons of sugar per day, including sugar from sugar cane, sugar beets, and high fructose corn syrup, with a little bit of honey and maple syrup on the side. It’s recommended by the American Heart Association that adults do not take in more than 5 to 9 teaspoons of sugar per day.

• Sugar provides what are called ‘empty calories’ because it has no vitamins, no minerals, no enzymes, no fat, and no � ber. It’s a source of instant energy, which is not necessarily a healthy thing.

• About two thirds of the sugar consumed in a typical American diet comes from processed foods. One half a cup of prepackaged spaghetti sauce can contain as much sugar as two Oreo cookies (and also has one third of the daily recommended amount of salt.) Heinz ketchup contains up to one teaspoon of sugar in each one tablespoon serving. (continued)

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In India the word for sugar was ‘sharkara’meaning ‘gravel’ because the boiled sap, when dried out, looked like dark-colored sand. � at word went into the Persian language as ‘shaker’ which became our sugar. � e Sanskrit for sugar was ‘khanda’ meaning ‘a piece of something’ from which we derive the word ‘candy.’

Studies have largely disproved the theorythat sugar causes this in children.

PAT C HY T I R E I V Y

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SUGAR (continued)• Sugar cane is a member of the grass family and

there are six di� erent species, all of which look very similar to bamboo. None of the species can tolerate freezing temperatures. Sugar cane is usually grown in large plantations. It can yield up to 44 pounds (20 kg) of sugar for every 11 square feet (1 square m) of land.

• It takes between 12 and 18 months for a cane stalk to mature to the point where it can be harvested. It is a perennial plant meaning it can regrow from the roots over and over, but each time it yields less sugary sap than before until it becomes more economical to plant a fresh new crop. � e stalk of the plant is boiled and re� ned into molasses and sugar. � e sugar cane must be re� ned within days of being harvested.

• It takes one ton of water to grow enough cane to yield one pound (.45 kg) of sugar.

• Sugar cane was � rst domesticated in New Guinea and areas of Indonesia, and people in India were

PHOTO: Marion CotillardPhoto credit: Depositphotos.com

HOLLYWOOD -- � e next time you hear “It’s an honor just to be nominated for an Oscar,” you’ll know it means once you get the nomination you need to land your next � lms. Up next for Matt Damon (“� e Martian”) are “Jason

Bourne,” with Julia Stiles, “� e Danish Girl” Oscar-winner Alicia Vikander and Tommy Lee Jones, arriving July 29; “� e Great Wall,” with Willem Dafoe; “Suburbicon,” written by the Coen Brothers, directed by and co-starring George Clooney, with Josh Brolin and Julianne Moore; and “Downsizing,” with Reese Witherspoon and Jason Sudeikis, coming in 2017.Bryan Cranston (“Trumbo”) has completed the comedy “Get a Job,” with Miles Teller, Anna Kendrick and Marcia Gay Harden (now in theaters); the crime drama “� e In� ltrator,” with Diane Kruger, Benjamin Bratt and John Leguizamo (out Aug. 31); and John Steinbeck’s 1936 novel “In Dubious Battle,” directed by and starring James Franco, Robert Duvall, Ed Harris, Sam Shepard, Zach Gra� , Josh Hutcherson and Selena Gomez, coming in the fall. Cranston is currently shooting the comedy/drama “� e Disaster Artist,” with Jennifer Garner.Michael Fassbender (“Steve Jobs”) has completed � ve

� lms: “Light Between Oceans,” with Alicia Vikander and Rachel Weisz, for Sept. 2 release; “X-Men: Apocalypse,” May 27; “Assassin’s Creed,” with Oscar winners Marion Cotillard and Jeremy Irons, out Dec. 21; and “Weightless,” with Ryan Gosling, Christian Bale, Cate Blanchett and Rooney Mara. � e � fth movie, “Trespass Against Us,” with Brendan Gleeson, � lmed in 2014, had � nancial woes and is awaiting a release date.Eddie Redmayne (“� e Danish Girl”) has completed “Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find � em,” with Colin Farrell, Jon Voight and Ron Perlman out Nov. 18.Cate Blanchett (“Carol”) has “Weightless”; “Jungle Book: Origins,” due Oct. 6; and “� or: Ragnarok” with Chris Hemsworth.Jennifer Lawrence (“Joy”) has “X-Men: Apocalypse” coming May 27, and the sci/� � lm “Passengers,” with Chris Pratt, Michael Sheen and Laurence Fishburne, due Dec. 21.Charlotte Rampling (“45 Years”) is next in the Brit � lm “� e Sense of an Ending,” with Jim Broadbent and “Downton Abbey’s” Michelle Dockery.Saoirse Ronan (“Brooklyn”) is taking on Chekov’s “� e Seagull,” with Annette Bening, and “Loving Vincent” (Van Gogh), with Douglas Booth.Brad Pitt has chosen the spy � lm “Five Seconds of Silence” (set in 1942) to shoot next with Robert Zemeckis directing and co-starring Marion Cotillard.Tom Cruise has “Jack Reacher -- Never Go Back” with Cobie Smolders (due Oct. 21) and the crime thriller “Mena,” with Domhnall Gleason, for January release. He is now preparing a reboot of “� e Mummy,” about Navy Seals who search for terrorists in a bunker and accidentally � nd a cursed mummy’s tomb. Sounds like he switching from action star to horror hero ... Oh, Mummy mia! (c) 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.

1. Which has a higher percentage of sugar: an Eskimo pie ice cream bar, or Kellogg’s Sugar Smacks breakfast cereal?2. A Listerine throat lozenge or a Hostess Ding Dong?3. A Heinz Sweet Gherkin pickle or a Tootsie Roll?4. Upjohn cough syrup or Cheerios?5. Shake ‘n Bake BBQ Style or Sara Lee Chocolate Cake?

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sugar comes from sugar cane, and one-third from beets.

IT’S A FACT• Sugar was rationed in World War II because it

was needed to make the ethyl alcohol which is a component of smokeless gunpowder. It took an entire acre of sugar cane to make enough gunpowder for � ve shots from a 16-inch gun.

PRESENT FROM BIRTH• Children develop a taste for salty things by

the time they are four or � ve years old, but the appreciation of sweet things is present from the moment of birth. In an experiment, babies had one of their hands placed in a bowl of uncomfortably cold water. Researchers found that babies would leave their hand in that cold water longer if they were distracted by being given something sweet.

CORN SYRUP• In the 1970s sugar’s rising price led to the

development of high fructose corn syrup which then became the sweetener of choice used in soft drinks and processed foods. Over the next three decades, consumption of soda pop more than doubled in the U.S., eventually reaching over 50 gallons (189 l) a year per person. Between 1970 and 1990 consumption of high fructose corn syrup in the U.S. increased tenfold. By 1999 every person in America was averaging 215 calories per day from high fructose corn syrup alone.

IT’S A FACT• In a study, rats were taught that they would

receive an electrical shock if they ate cheesecake. � ey ate cheesecake anyway and

the � rst to re� ne it. One of the � rst recorded references to sugar dates back to the year 325 BC.

• Christopher Columbus brought sugar cane with him on his second voyage to the New World in 1493 and planted it in Santo Domingo. By the year 1516, sugar was being shipped to Europe from there.

• � e � rst sugar cane in the United States was planted in Louisiana in the mid-1700s.

• At � rst, sugar was rare and expensive. Slavery on sugar plantations caused social upheaval. Jungles were torn down to make room for more sugar cane.

• As sugar became more widely available, the price dropped so that more people could a� ord it.

• Brazil is currently the world’s largest producer of sugar.

TWO KINDS OF SUGAR• Sugar is a combination of carbon, hydrogen,

and oxygen. Mankind is unable to produce sugar using chemical processes. Only plants can manufacture sugar. Our table sugar comes from two di� erent plants: sugar cane, and sugar beets. � ey are chemically identical.

• It used to be thought that sugar could only be made from sugar cane. One scientist named Achard was viewed as a crackpot because he kept trying to get sugar from beets, which were easy to grow in cold climates. In 1806 Napoleon ordered all French ports closed to English products because a war had broken out between the two countries. � is cut o� the supply of sugar, which England got from its Caribbean colonies. When Napoleon heard of a man that could turn beets into sugar, he visited him and was so impressed that he took the Legion of Honor medal from his own chest and pinned it on him. Two years later there were 40 sugar beet factories in France. When the war ended, the price of sugar bottomed out and the beet factories closed. Today, two-thirds of the world’s


grass and freshly cut Kentucky bluegrass. Knowing this, the researchers were able to save the cotton crop.

• Whereas a bee can sting only once before dying, a wasp can sting an unlimited number of times and never dies.

• Bees are strictly herbivores, eating only nectar and pollen, but wasps eat other insects. Wasps may also eat nectar but they do not collect it like bees do.

• Bees create their hives from wax they secrete themselves but wasps create their nests from wood pulp that they scrape from trees and chew up.

• A typical wasp colony will have about 5,000 individuals, all of which die o� over the winter except for a fertilized larval queen. She survives in a warm spot until she can hatch in the spring and begin laying eggs to start a new colony.

• Nearly every pest insect on Earth is preyed upon by a wasp species, either for food or as a host for its parasitic larvae.

A NEW SNACK CAKE• In 1932 Charles Lubin and his brother-in-law

purchased a chain of bakeries in Chicago called the Community Bake Shops. � e business was successful, but in 1949 Charles and his brother-in-law parted ways and Charles took over the business.

• Charles believed that because the business had

maggots will eat the caterpillar from the inside out, killing it. So the entomologists began breeding and releasing wasps into the cotton � elds. It didn’t do a bit of good. More entomologists were called in to � nd out why.

• First they studied how a wasp � nds a caterpillar to begin with. � ey discovered it was not by sight. When a wasp and a caterpillar were placed in the same box, the wasp paid no attention to the caterpillar. � ey thought it might be by smell but once again, when a wasp was close to a caterpillar, there was no recognition at all. Next they tried putting a caterpillar on a plant and releasing the wasp, with no change. But when they put a wasp in a box that contained a partially eaten plant that had been munched by the caterpillar, the wasp showed particular interest in the plant, and then zeroed in on the caterpillar.

• Researchers concluded that the damaged plant was giving o� an odor that attracted the wasp. Given the choice, the wasp would always be more attracted to a half-eaten plant without a caterpillar on it than to an undamaged plant that had a caterpillar on it.

• � e entomologists began breeding wasps that were being hatched inside caterpillars that had been fed corn, beans, and soy. When these wasps were released into the cotton � elds, they completely failed to � nd the caterpillars that were raiding the cotton crop. So it was back to the drawing board for the entomologists.

• Researchers discovered that wasp maggots, when feeding on a caterpillar, will become sensitized to whatever that caterpillar had been eating. � e wasp will then become attracted to those speci� c plants. Scientists found that if they wanted the wasps to zero in on caterpillars that were eating the cotton plants, they needed to raise wasp maggots on caterpillars that had eaten cotton plants. � e adult wasp will then be highly sensitive to the odor of a damaged cotton plant. � e wasp will ignore damaged tobacco plants and the tobacco budworms, and will likewise ignore damaged corn plants and the corn earworm.

• Further studies showed that the chemical odor that attracts a wasp to a damaged plant is the same odor that gives freshly cut grass its characteristic smell. Wasps are able to tell the di� erence between freshly cut Bermuda

su� ered the electrical shocks rather than go without cheesecake.

CONSEQUENCES• Medical studies have shown that high intake of

sugar has a negative e� ect on the survival rates of people su� ering from colon cancer and breast cancer.

• Regular consumption of re� ned sugar can cause de� ciencies of the B vitamins.

• Sugar accelerates the aging of cells in the human body and also increases the amount of skin wrinkles because excess blood sugar binds to collagen in the skin and makes it less elastic.

• Drinking a single 12-ounce can of soda pop daily adds enough sugar to the diet to boost the chance of getting heart disease by a third.

• Americans consume the most sugar through soft drinks (33%), followed by candy (16%); cakes, cookies, and pies (13%); fruit drinks (10%); dairy desserts and milk (9%); and other things (6%). In the American diet, added sugar accounts for nearly 500 calories every day. � is is calorically equivalent to eating 10 strips of bacon every day.

Amazing Animals

WASPS• In the 1980s, a caterpillar epidemic began

devastating the cotton crop in the southern United States. Farmers turned to entomologists for help. � ese bug scientists knew that every female wasp lays an egg on the back of a caterpillar. When the egg hatches, the wasp

1. True or False: The same treatments that doctors use to block the craving for heroin can also be used to suppress the urge to eat sugary treats.2. True or False: Dogs have a sweet tooth but cats do not.

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[email protected] The Neatest Little Paper Ever Read® Call Today (250) 832-3361 make the cakes sat idle.

• While delivering a load of strawberry cakes to a vendor one day, company vice-president James Deware decided what he needed was a product that would use this equipment all year. Finally he hit on banana cream cakes because bananas were available year-round.

• He called them Little Shortcake Fingers, and a nickel bought a package of two. A few years later on the way to a marketing meeting, his eye fell on a billboard advertising a brand of shoes, and he adapted that name for the product.

• Originally the cakes were made with eggs, milk, and butter, which gave them a shelf life of only a day or two before becoming stale. It was expensive to have salesmen constantly replenishing store shelves, so the recipe was reformulated, giving them a shelf life of three to four weeks, mostly due to the airtight cellophane packaging.

• During World War II a banana shortage forced him to re-vamp the recipe once again, and the familiar vanilla-� avored snack cake was born. Today, 500 million are produced every year. � ey are called Twinkies.

• Twinkies can be frozen to expand their lifespan.

Answer: Sarah Lee.

been so successful in supplying baked goods to the grocery stores of Chicago, he should try supplying baked goods to the mass market of America, so he began to experiment with ways to do that.

• He invented a method that allowed desserts to be baked, frozen, shipped, and reheated in a foil pan. His � rst mass-market product was a frozen cheesecake, which needed a name.

• His wife Tillie suggested he name it after their daughter, and he did. � e cheesecake became so popular that he renamed the entire corporation after his daughter. He added more products such as pound cake and co� ee cake, and by 1955 his products were sold all over the country.

• � e business was so pro� table that Charles sold out to Consolidated Foods in 1956. By then the name of his daughter was so widely recognized that Consolidated Foods adopted it as the new name of their corporation, hiring him to be their CEO.

• Charles retired in 1965 and died in 1988 at the age of 84, by which time the company’s products were well on their way to being sold around the world. Shortly after his death, his daughter became a spokesperson for the corporation that was named after her. And her own daughter (Charles’ grandaughter) even interned at the factory. What was the name of Charles’ daughter, now on packages of frozen desserts all over the world?

(Answer below)

A NEW TREAT• Continental Bakeries made a variety of items

under the Hostess brand in the 1920s and 1930s. One of them was a strawberry shortcake, composed of a single-serving oblong sponge cake injected with strawberry cream � lling. � e problem was that strawberries were a seasonal item, available only a few months of the year. � e rest of the year, the equipment used to

Teacher: What are some products of the West Indies?Student: I don’t know.Teacher: Of course, you do. Where do you get sugar from?Student: We borrow it from our neighbor!

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1. Heat oven to 350 F. Spray an 8-by-8-inch baking dish with butter-� avored cooking spray.2. In a large bowl, combine egg and 1 cup Splenda. Add � our, baking soda, salt and undrained fruit cocktail. Mix well to combine.3. Spread batter evenly in prepared baking dish. Evenly sprinkle remaining 1/4 cup Splenda and walnuts over top. Bake for 22-26 minutes or until a toothpick inserted in center comes out clean.4. Place baking dish on a wire rack and allow to cool completely. Cut into 8 servings.

TIP: Also good topped with 1 tablespoon Cool Whip Lite, but don’t forget to count the few additional calories.

* Each serving equals: 115 calories, 3g fat, 3g protein, 19g carb., 312mg sodium, 11mg calcium, 1g � ber; Diabetic Exchanges: 1 Starch/Carb., 1/2 Fat.


* “Need a great shave? Fancy shave gels and foams can be expensive. Get a bottle of inexpensive hair conditioner. � ese usually cost less than a dollar, and you get months of use from one bottle.” -- E.L. in California

* Scrub residual smell out of a wooden spoon by using a baking soda and water paste, then soaking in baking soda laced water for 15-20 minutes. Wash and let dry as usual. Replace wooden spoons that are split or cracked.

* “To help sports protective equipment last longer between washings, � ll a small spray bottle with rubbing alcohol or vodka. Spray sweaty pads and hang on pants hangers to dry. Wash weekly if possible. Never store sweaty pads in your gear bag.” -- A.A. via email

* Keep a bowl of sunglasses by the door or a bag of them in the car. Sunglasses can be gotten cheaply at dollar stores and the like, and replaced often if scratched. � ey come in all kinds of colors and patterns, but they are more than a fashion statement -- they protect your eyes from squinting and glares.

* Have a favorite mug but the handle has broken o� ? Use it as a pencil holder on your desk, or plant a small plant in it, and keep it on your windowsill.

* “Save leftover condiment packets from fast-food and takeout orders to use in lunchboxes and picnics. Mayonnaise and mustard are especially useful for sandwiches, and barbecue sauce is great when we do a fried chicken picnic. It’s better than packing a bottle!” -- Y.E. in Alabama(c) 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.

New Dog May Have to Wait

DEAR PAW’S CORNER: I’d like to get a dog, but my younger brother is very afraid of dogs because he was once bitten by one. How can I tell him not to be afraid, so I can have a dog? -- Christine in Mesa, Arizona

DEAR CHRISTINE: You might not be able to get a dog right now, unfortunately. If your parents don’t think that it’s a good idea because your younger brother is still very fearful of them, then that may be that.However, there are some other things you may be able to do, even if you can’t have your own dog. You could spend time with a friend or a neighbor’s dog. � at’s a good way to learn how to walk, feed and even train a dog. I myself grew up around many dog owners, and by spending time with them, paying attention to how they gave their dog commands and the di� erent training methods they used, I got a wider perspective and better education on training dogs than a book might have provided. You could volunteer at a local shelter. While kids under 18 may be restricted from working directly with the pets residing there, many shelters have programs designed especially for school-age kids so they can contribute to shelter pets’ care, and learn about caring for these animals. Consider getting a di� erent pet to care for, as well. Learning to care for animals is a really important skill. Plus, your brother can and should have a say in what kind of pet to get -- and he’ll share the responsibility for caring for it.Send your tips, comments or questions to [email protected].(c) 2016 King Features Synd., Inc.

“Sugar is the new tobacco.” -Cynthia Kenyon

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1. True, the same treatment to block heroin addiction works for breaking the sugar habit.

2. True, dogs have a sweet tooth but cats do not.

tidbits vernon 265 apr 1 2016 sugar online

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